CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, people love to eat fruits. It is good for the health. There are many fruits

that are being eaten every day and one of those fruits which are really delicious and

nutritious is lanzones. It is one of the most common fruits that is being eaten and sold

every day because of its good taste, but whenever people eat these fruits they just throw it

up. And the bad thing about this is they contribute to some pollution such as, water

pollution and air pollution. We all know the embankment of garbage and worst if it gets

wet because of the rain it can contribute to the growth of mosquito. In fact, based on

WHO, mosquitoes are one of the deadliest animals in the world. Their ability to carry and

spread disease to humans causes millions of deaths every year. In 2015 malaria alone

caused 438 000 deaths. The worldwide incidence of dengue has risen 30-fold in the past

30 years, and more countries are reporting their first outbreaks of the disease. Zika,

dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever are all transmitted to humans by the Aedes

aegypti mosquito. More than half of the world’s population live in areas where this

mosquito species is present. Sustained mosquito control efforts are important to prevent

outbreaks from these diseases because of this people’s health is at risk. There are other

diseases also that people could get not just by means of mosquito bites like cancer, lung

defects and digestive problem. This disease is caused by improper disposal of materials.

These horrible facts should be prevented by any means such as decreasing the production

of waste materials.

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 There are already many things we can use or utilize to avoid being bitten by insects

one of those are mosquito repellents. Dengue cause virus and if not treated immediately

the person infected with the virus might die. Two sort of mosquito repellent is mosquito

coil and the other one is incense. These coils and incense might be one of the things we

use but it is made of chemicals so it cannot be safe from everyone especially the smoke it

secretes. Using plants or fruits as alternative materials instead of chemicals can lessen the

pollution and the symptoms or disease that is caused by chemicals used in mosquito coils.

One of the potential mosquito repellent is lanzones peel that have sweet juicy flesh

contains sucrose, fructose, and glucose. The fruit peel of lansium domesticum), exudes a

white sap/latex containing mosquito repelling triterpenes (lansionic acid). The dried peel

is burned and produces an aromatic, white smoke (white from the sap and some

remaining water).

This study would like to modify the effects of Lanzones (Lansium domesticum) peel

as organic mosquito repellent its effect. Specifically it sought answers to the following

questions:

1. How long will mosquito coil made from the lanzones peelings can be use?

2. How effective can the coil from lanzones repel the mosquitos?

3. What will be the result of coil when used? Is it going to be smokey and smelly?

4. What are the difference and similarities of mosquito coil out of lanzones peel and

commercial mosquito coil?

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 This research study principally aims to utilize lanzones peelings as mosquito

repellent. The researcher would seek:

a. Make a mosquito repellent out of lanzones peel and test its effectiveness

compared with lanzones peel mosquito coil and commercial mosquito coil.

The outcome of this study is beneficial to the following group of people:

To the Pili National High School Administration.

This research study deemed significant to the schools administration on its

massive campaign on motivating JHS STEM Curriculum in conducting science

investigatory projects as part of the requirements in Research IV.

To the PNHS Students and Researchers.

This Research would serve as guide and reference for the future researchers.

To the Community.

This study also aim a production of organic repellent for the consumption of

people and utilize their trash specially lanzones peelings.

The main focus of our study is to test the effect of lanzones peel as an organic

mosquito repellent. This study will be conducted on September 2019 at one of the

researchers’ house at Fabrica, Bula, Camarines Sur. Lanzones peelings were asked from

the vendors of fruits in Pawili, Pili, Camarines Sur. The peelings were dried up to the sun

and grind or pulverize in mortar. Mixed with starch and molded into a mosquito coil

3
 Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Mosquito coil content

Based on ehow. com DEET is the active ingredient found in many insect

repellents. It is available in liquid, spray and lotion form. It can also be impregnated into

plastics. While DEET has come under suspicion as being potentially hazardous, the

Environmental Protection Agency considers DEET safe for short - term exposure. DEET

has a distinctive odor that some find

objectionable and, on application, may leave skin feeling greasy. It can also stain and da

mage certain fabrics. Picaridin has been used as an effective alternative to DEET. It is

a colorless,

nearlyodorless nontoxic liquid. Products generally contain between 5 to 20 percent Picari

din. Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus and p – Mentane – 3, 8 - diol are used as mosquito

repellents. Oil

of LemonEucalyptus is the extract of the plant, Eucalyptus cittriodora. P – Mentane - 3, 8 

- diol is thesynthesized equivalent. Both are available in spray or lotion form Methyl

nonyl ketone is an oily liquid extracted from oil of rue. 

Originally used as repellent for pets, it is also available for human

application. It also has a distinctive odor. IR3535 is another repellent that is applied to ski

n to protect against biting insects including mosquitoes. Used in Europe for over 20 years

and in the United States since 1999, this repellent is considered safe and effective. Oil

of Citronella is derived from Citronella grass. It has a distinctive citrusy odor. It

4
works primarily by masking the carbon dioxide and other chemicals given off by

humans that mosquito’s target. The repellent is available in candles that are burned

to release to oil in the air and in topical products. Geraniol, a substance

also found in citronella, as well as lemongrass and rose oil has been identified

asa potential mosquito repellent. In the 1990's, research from the University of Florida id

entifiedGeraniol as an effective replacement for DEET. Area Repellents and Repellents

for Clothing Permethrin is both a mosquito repellent and insecticide. Permethrin - based

products can be Applied to clothing, bed nets and camping equipment. It is a persistent

repellent. Pretreated clothing, tents, sleeping bags and other

gear impregnated with Permethrin continue to repeffectively, even after

repeated washings. Allethrin is used to treat outdoor areas to control mosquitoes. The

product vaporizes when heated. Allethrin is found in mosquito coils, mats, candles and

lanterns. It is also used as an ultralow volume spray for commercial

mosquitocontrol. Metofluthrin is another outdoor area wide mosquito repellent formulate

d in paper orplastic strip devices that are hung up within an area to treat it. This product v

aporizes readilyand does not require heating. Recently, this product has been used in

small fan-operated personal repellent devices placed nearby for protection. Natural

Repellents A wide variety of natural products are available that may provide relief from

mosquitoes. These include essential oils from lemongrass, peppermint, geranium, castor,

cinnamon, rosemary, cedar, juniper, soybean, coconut or palmarosa. These can

be combined with denatured alcohol in various combinations to produce a repellent that

can be applied to the skin.

5
Process of making mosquito coil

 As stated on freepatentsonline.com, An improved mosquito coil composition

comprising from 72 - 83% by weight based on dry ingredients of a carrier selected from

sawdust having a particle size between 70 and 200 mesh, coconut

shell flour, pyrethrum marc, and mixtures thereof, from 16 - 26% by weight based on dry

ingredients potato starch and 0.5-3% by weight based on dry ingredients of

an insecticide. The process comprises dispersing the starch in water heated to a

temperature of from 40°-65° C., adding water having a temperature of between 80°-

95° C. to the dispersed water - starch mixture, mixing the starch - water gel with the

filler and insecticide, extruding the mixture into a ribbon, forming the mosquito coils

from this ribbon, and drying the formed mosquito coils

Chemical constituents and properties of lanzones

 Based on stuartxchange. com, the rind yields 6% lansium acid which is toxic.

The fresh peeling yielded a volatile oil, a resin, and some reducing acids. The resin

is believed to benontoxic and protective to the stomach against alcohol. The outer skin of

the fruit is rich intannin. From the seeds, two toxic and bitter substances and traces of

an alkaloid. The fruit pulpcontains sucrose, saccharose, fructose and glucose. Bark is

astringent.

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Uses of lanzones

Based on Mr. Tacio, as stated on his writings about lanzones seed and rind is

rich in

tanninand contain chemical substances that are medicinally and industrially useful. The fr

esh peeling yielded a volatile oil, a resin, and some reducing acids. The resin is

believed to be nontoxic and protective to the stomach against alcohol. The decoction of

bark and leaves is used for dysentery. The powdered bark is used to treat scorpion stings.

The bark resin can be used for swellings, and is considered as an anti-spasmodic.

Tincture prepared from the dried rind used for diarrhea. It also makes a pleasant room

inhalant. Lanzones has an economic potential. The USM guide points out,“ Lanzones

has potential for primary and secondary processing and the introduction of new

varieties would render this fruit more in demand and popular in the domestic and latter in 

theforeign market.” Lanzones grows successfully in fertile, constantly wet but well - drai

ned soil,s lightly acidic, sandy loam or clay loam, and rich in organic matter. MBRLC

states that lanzones cannot tolerate sandy soils near the sea and extremely alkaline soils.

Statement of the Hypothesis

Null Hypothesis (H0)

There is no significant effect to repel mosquito using lanzones peel as mosquito

coil.

Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)

There is significant effect to repel mosquito using lanzones peel as mosquito coil

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Cause and Effect

If mosquito coil can be made out of lanzones peel and can repel mosquito and it is

effective as commercial mosquito coil then it can be an alternative organic mosquito coil

or repellent.

Definition of Terms

The following terminologies were actually used in the conduct of the research study.

Mosquito

Is an insect with 3,000 species and spread deadliest diseases such as zika, dengue,

chikungunya, and yellow fever. In this study mosquito is used to test the mosquito

repellent – lanzones peel mosquito coil.

Starch

Is also called as amylum is polymeric carbohydrate consisting of numerous

glucose it is usually white powder. In this study it is used to make mosquito coil, it is

mixed with pulverized lanzones peelings.

Lanzones Peelings

These are biodegradable materials which is the outer part or covering of lanzones

fruit. In this study it is used as an alternative organic mosquito coil it is dried up to the

sun and pulverized and mixed with starch.

Mosquito Coil

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 Is a mosquito-repelling incense, usually shaped into a spiral and typically made

from dried paste of pyrethrum powder. The coil is usually held at the center of the spiral,

suspending it in the air, or wedged by two pieces of fireproof nettings to allow continuous

smoldering. Burning usually begins at the outer end of the spiral and progresses slowly

toward the centre of the spiral, producing a mosquito-repellent smoke.

Conceptual Framework

Drying and
Pulverizing the
Lanzones Peel

Lanzones Peelings Mixing with Mosquito coil

starch and
molding

Figure 1. The Conceptual Framework.

Conceptual Paradigm

It shows Lanzones Peelings as the input, drying and pulverizing the lanzones peel,

mixing with starch and molding soil for the process as the organic mosquito coil for the

output.

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 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Materials and Methods

This part of this research study showed the materials used, the process/procedure

employed, and the experiment layout, testing the product, interpretation and analysis of

data gathered.

Preparation of Materials

The materials used in making organic mosquito coil are starch, lanzones peeling,

mortar and pestle,water, aluminium foil, commercial mosquito coil.basin or

containers.

Procedures

Preparation of gathered lanzones peelings were dried up and pulverized in mortar

using pestle. The pulverized lanzones peelings are mixed with starch with water with the

same amount then mold into the commercial mosquito coil and dried up to the sun.

Experimental Design

Two set –ups were used in conducting the experiment. Each set-up used different

product. The commercial mosquito coil in set-up A, while the lanzones peeling as an

organic mosquito coil in set-up B.

The given evaluation sheets was composed of a table where the comparison

between the two set-ups. The two different set-ups were rated and compared by the

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chosen 10 respondents from Fabrica, Bula, Camarines Sur. It were rated in terms of

smoke emission, odor, effectiveness and time duration.

Analysis of Data

The gathered data was plotted in the table as follows.

PROPERTIES
TIME
SET-UPS SMOKE
ODOR DURATION EFFECTIVENESS
EMISSION
(in use)

Description: 1- Good 2-Fair 3- Poor

Statistical Tool

Statistical tool that was used in this study was T-test for Two Independent Sample.

In using the T-test for Two Independent Samples, first, we stated the null hypothesis to

be tested such as H0: μA=μB; there is no significant difference between the commercial

mosquito coil and the organic lanzones coil. Next, the alternative hypothesis was also

stated in symbols and words such as Ha: μA≠μB; there is a significant difference between

the commercial mosquito coil and the organic lanzones mosquito coil. The level of

significance used by the researcher of the study was a=0.05. a table was also created

where the average of the ratings were placed in order to get the summation of the ratings.

Then, the proponent calculated for the mean of the two groups and the standard error of

the difference between the means. Lastly, the tcalc and ttab were calculated and a conclusion

11
was made. To get the final ratings, the proponent took the average grade of the properties

of the two set-ups that was marked by the chosen respondents through random sampling.

Then the differences between the ratings were calculated to get the probability

distribution.

CHAPTER IV

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 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This portion presents the analysis, discussions and findings of the results of the

study. This study investigated the effectiveness of Lanzones peel in repelling mosquito.

Table 1.1 Set-up A. Testing the Commercial product

Respondent Properties to be Tested

Effect Time duration  Smoke Odor (smoke) Appearance

(in use) emission
1 2 24:55.42s 1 1 1 1
2 1 24:45.13s 1 2 1 1
3 1 25:01.59s 1 1 2 1
4 1 24:52.34s 1 1 1 1
5 1 23:51.44s 1 1 2 1
6 2 23:50.43s 1 2 1 1
7 1 23:49.40s 1 2 2 1
8 2 23:47.37s 1 1 2 1
9 1 22:52.34s 1 1 2 1
10 1 22:50.32s 1 2 1 1
TOTAL 13 10 14 15 10
MEAN 1.3 1 1.4 1.5 1.0

Table 1.1 Showed that the properties or the parameters that are used to test the

product.

Table 1.2. Summarization of the characteristics in table 1.1

GOOD FAIR POOR

EFFECT 7 3 0
TIME DURATION 10 0 0
SMOKE EMISSION 6 4 0
ODOR 5 5 0
APPEARANCE 10 0 0
Based on the table above 7 respondents marked that the effect of the product was

good, 3 respondents marked fair and there is no respondent marked poor. All the

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respondents marked that the time duration was good. There are 6 respondents that marked

that the smoke emission of the product was good, 4 respondents marked fair and there is

no respondent marked poor. All the respondents marked that the appearance of the

product was good.

Table 2.1 Set-up B. Testing the Lanzones peelings

Respondent Properties to be Tested

Effect Time duration  Smoke Odor (smoke Appearance

(in use) emission )
1 1 18:57.41s 2 1 1 2

2 1 18:44.23s 2 2 1 2

3 2 19:02.32s 2 1 1 2
4 2 18:50.47s 2 1 1 2

5 1 18:47.30s 2 1 2 2

6 2 18:43.20s 2 1 1 2

7 1 17:59.29s 2 2 2 2

8 2 17:57.22s 2 1 2 2

9 1 16:59.39s 2 1 2 2

10 1 16:46.40s 2 1 1 2

TOTAL 14 20 11 14 20

MEAN 1.4 2.0 1.1 1.4 2.0

Table 2.2. Summarization of the characteristics in table 2.1

GOOD FAIR POOR

14
 EFFECT 6 4 0

TIME DURATION 0 10 0

SMOKE 8 2 0

EMISSION
ODOR 6 4 0

APPEARANCE 0 10 0

Based on the table above 6 respondents marked that the effect of the product was

good, 4 respondents marked fair and there is no respondent marked poor. All the

respondents marked that the time duration was fair. There are 8 respondents that marked

that the smoke emission of the product was good, 2 respondents marked fair and there is

no respondent marked poor. All the respondents marked that the appearance of the

product was fair.

As shown in the previous table, lanzones coil has its featured properties regarding

with its competitiveness to other mosquito coil products sell in the market. These results

are taken an experiment and product trials in the house of the researchers volunteer.

For observable results, researchers conduct the trial in an isolated room, where

mosquitoes are present. The researchers volunteer lights the coil and after 18 minutes of

significant result is obtained by the researchers volunteer, the absence of mosquitoes is

observed inside the room. This result together with the time ratio for its effect to start to

be observed is a good outcome for the experiment.

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 Another factor is considered and put into test; it is the time duration or the length

of the time that the coil will last during its usage. In the trial, it is recorded that the coil

endures for about 18 minutes due to its length and the rate of its combustibility cause by

the lanzones peel. A common mosquito coil sold in the market last about 6 to 8 hours in

use (whole) but the organic lanzones mosquito coil only last in 28 minutes. This is cause

by different components of the coil, decreasing its combustion while making it effective.

Comparing the 18 minutes duration of the lanzones coil to other mosquito coil is still a

considerable result because the coil is composed of one table spoon of pulverized dried

lanzones peelings in glue mixture.

Lanzones coil has features a competitive property with other mosquito coils

regarding with the odor it emits. Lanzones coil when burns smell incense which scent

when compare to other coils is more pleasant. Some coils are now scented for the reason

that classic mosquito coils are foul in odor for other people who use it. For that is why,

lanzones coil has a great advantage it. It does not need to be scented or to use other

chemicals to change its fragrance. And as a result, a lesser cost of production is recorded

by the researchers.

Taken as factor in rating a mosquito coil is its smoke emitted during combustion.

In the Experimental trial, four volunteers are using the coil. And as recorded during its

usage the coil emits a little bit larger amount of smoke compared to commercially sold

mosquito coil. This is caused by the paper used to wrap the coil in set up A. Therefore,

smoke emitted by the coil can be minimized by substituting materials other than paper.

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 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

This research study was named"". This study was conducted to test the effectivity of

lanzones peeling in repelling mosquito. It aimed to help people at home make their own

organic mosquito coil without using too much expense. In realizing this study, the

researcher used the materials that follows, lanzones peels, starch, water, container,

blender and aluminum foil.

The researchers first dried the lanzones peelings. The dried lanzones peelings were put to

blender to be pulvurized. Then after it was pulverized it blended with the same amount of

starch and water. Then it was molded into mosquito coil but in minimum length of 5

inches(curve). The molded lanzones peelings were put in the oven to be hardened.

17
In testing the product with 2 set ups, the commercial mosquito coil and the organic

lanzones peel mosquito coil.

The two set-ups prepared by researchers came out to be effective but the commercial

mosquito coil last longer than organic lanzones mosquito coil because the smoke

emission produce greater amount than commercial mosquito coil. The researchers

concluded that the experiment was a success but also needs an improvement.

CONCLUSIONS

After conducting the Sensory Evaluation Test with the help of the chosen respondents,

the researcher therefore made some conclusions regarding the conducted experiment. In

the comparison of the two set-ups, both were marked as good in terms of odour and

smoke emission. The starch mixed in the organic lanzones peel did not affect the odour of

the smoke that it emits in the ingredrients to make the organic lanzones mosquito coil. In

terms of the odour, both set-ups were also marked by the chosen repondentds as good.

Though the second set-up which is the organic lanzones peel last only for 16 minutes

than the commercial mosquito coil that last for 28 minutes. The organic mosquito coil has

the most sweet or good smell

In terms of somke emission, both set-ups were marked by the respondents as

good. The organic lanzones mosquito coil has a different components that is (madaling

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masunog kaysa sa sa components na mayroon ang commercial kaya’t mas

malaki/madami ang naeemit ng organi).

RECOMMENDATIONS

This portion shows the recommendations made by the researchers based from the discussions,

findings, implications, and conclusions of this study.

The researchers recommend about the production of the mosquito coil to dry it to the sun in few

days properly to be easily pulverized. In pulverizing the lanzones peel grind it using a blender for

many times for a better result. To make a good mixture and texture of organic lanzones mosquito

coil make sure that the proportion of the ingredients is equal or all the same that will be mixed.

The appearance of the organic lanzones mosquito coil was marked as fair due to its unattractive

colour and texture. So the proponent of this research would like to recommend to the future

researchers regarding the production of the coil to make it pleasing to the eyes of the respondents.

19
 It is highly recommended to conduct modification and improvement of this study especially in

replication for accurate data and results. Further improvement on the process employed. Careful

testing of the coil mosquito must be emphasized for accuracy of results to be obtained.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

• ___________________.(August 24, 2009). Moquito Repellant Ingredients. Retrieved,

August 17, 2010 from http://www.ehow.com/about_5332900_ mosquito-repellent

c#ixzz0wtlDH3jj

• __________________.(June 2010). Phil. Medicinal Plant. Retrieved August 17, 2010

from http: // wwwstuartxchange.org/Lansones .html,phil.

20
• D'orazio, Vincent T. (March 13, 1979). Mosquito coil Composition and Process of

Making the Same. Retrieved August 17, 2010 from http://

www.freepatentsonline.com/4144318.html

• Henrylito D. Tacio. (January 26, 2009). Promising fruit called Lanzones.Retrieved

August 17, 2010 from http://blog.agriculture.ph/tag/promising -fruit-called-lanzones,

• _______________(May, 2010). Experimental research design. Retrieved September 1,

2010 from http:// en. Wikipedia .org /wiki/ Experimental techniques

21
 APPENDICES

Figure

1. Drying

the

Lanzones

peelings

Figure 2. Use a Blender to be powdered the lanzones peel

22
 Figure 3. The grated lanzones peel and the water and starch

Figure 4. Putting water in the powdered lanzones peel and

starch

Figure 5. Mixing the powdered lanzones peel, starch and water

23
 Figure 6. Molding the coil

Figure 7. Putting the

molded coil into the

oven

24
Figure 8. The oraganic lanzones

peel mosquito coil

Figure 9. Testing the lanzones mosquito coil

Figure 10. Testing the commercial mosquito coil

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Figure 11. Evaluating the product by the respondent

RESEARCHERS VITAE

Name: Kyle Vincent Espiritu Larcena

Date of Birth: December 7, 2004

Address: Zone 1, Portico, Camarines Sur

Contact Number: 09661507377

Educational Background:

Elementary School Year

Fabrica Elementary School 2015-2016

Fabrica, Bula, Camarines Sur

Secondary

Junior High School 2019-

Pili, National High School

Pawili, Pili, Camrines Sur

26
Name: Rizzalyn Olayan Bagacina

Date of Birth: August 20, 2004

Address: Zone 4, Fabrica, Camarines Sur

Contact Number: 09458830259

Educational Background:

Elementary School Year

Fabrica Elementary School 2015-2016

Fabrica, Bula, Camarines Sur

Secondary

Junior High School 2019-

Pili, National High School

Pawili, Pili, Camrines Sur

27
 Name: Dorothy Fragata Tadeo

Date of Birth: August 18, 2004

Address: Zone 2, Sagrada, Pili, Cmarines Sur

Contact Number: 09777459011

Educational Background:

Elementary School Year

Anayan-Sagrada Elementary School 2015-2016

Sagrada, Pili, Camarines Sur

Secondary

Junior High School 2019-

Pili, National High School

Pawili, Pili, Camrines Sur

28