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    Gramatica Limbii Engleze PDF

    Uploaded by

    duran stefania

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    IOANA MARIA TURAI Gramatica himbii engleze Redactr: Milla Acrent, Alina Scares “Tehnoredactare computer: Lucian Curtean, Dana Disconesca Cope: Wales Ries ene coment infra aes bs Biitura Cornt Difazare gi Chul Cart Spl Independentel ae 202 A sero 6, Bucur Tal 5198822, 31986.33, 3198877 Fae 3198866 Ecmall: vancai@edituracointo Magzcinal vu: wieaderacointso Descrierea CIP Bilioteii Nationale a Romane ‘TURAL IOANA MARIA ‘Grama imbi englese Ion Mai Tra - Bucuresti (Corn, 2907 blog: ISBN 9789731350563 BIL 36076) “Tate dep sip acest eit sunt e2rate Eat CORINT, pare component 2 GRUPULUI EDITORIAL CORINT. ISBN 978.973.135.036, Fat 1686, Cl tipo: 36 Lac excl pins Ohens™—Criv SD Nila foes Seb. 21 Conn Cavineinsinte a 1LFONETICA [FRANSSEREA FOwETICA TINTIMBA ENGLEZA vss os--10 Sewodhcere 8 1 Sil cir foes “11 {LCLASIFICAREA VOCALELOR ...13 Neale aneroare 1 1 Neale ponterioare 1 1 Nelle edie 8 {Dito 28 1 Comat de aca “Tatton 2 3. CLASIFICAREA ‘GONSOANELOR 42 a a “isan aberacte 0 3 _ Sibeentve simple ‘Haubsantve comune a + Genul substntveor 1 Numi ubseanevelor "Forme de singular purl lb subscancvlor nema - Stitantive flee ‘ua a singular -SiBtantve fone ‘uma lua _ Dien de se in fete deschirea namic >. ADJECTIVUL Alc dst “lecivelo descigive Grate de comparsis ae sdjecuvelor + Aajetvete determinative “Adjetvele Jemenstacve “Adjectvl pret “Adjective bnerogacve “Adjective lative “ Adjectvle nehotette Bere aca fies ne a ao ‘aera ter oc ean ‘Aavetbe de canta, ‘manor rad aprile -Rivebede ee “Alper de cust ere Beer + Verbe principale Mende personste Mod mle Te reset 1 Presa snes {Present contins aS ibe 319 as 381 2356 + isd ee "Vitor fcr coin Eee ‘See goss {Gondola wect = 1 Fem condionala. i 7 ee condi orl aa de ect + Matus ingens eon Gen Exere "Rosca Taig presen 5 Consett partie 2 Raucad uccur rs Beatie cot si Lucraren de ft se adreseasd unt public lrg, at elev cs adul cov un nivel media de eunostinge, care doreste s& progreseze tn stud Tibi engine Este deja verficat fatal ca tvaarea constant a xegllr de ban gia ‘excepto spectce limb englere aut la depsiea confuilor gramat- cae In acelsicimp, exerci sustnut i ajua pe cet care doresc sf tnvege limba englect i vorbesca coetent aceasta iba, aga cum este vorbith de votbtot nati. De aceea, lcrarea este strucrurat pe dowd nivel. Pre sul nivel are tn vedere explicarea pe larg a formelor dieritelor part de votbire wa fnepiloracestra, fa iteractiune unele cu celelate Al doilea nivel ofert exert varac care corespund fecarui capital Explicatea pe larga funegilor lingvistice tratate este impute cae pitole tn vedereaordonariconcepteorgramaticle, fe cu ajtorul profe Sorul fe individual, fr ase negljasnteractunea dinte difrcle pari de vorbite Sa preferat ca explicarea pap teretces fea limba roméind pentru ca ctor s nfeleagh mat bine conceptele gramaticale speciice Timbitengleze, mat ales daca acesta studied individual. Totodat, exem- plele care dusreazdexplicaile sunt taduse tn limba romfna pentru ca ‘kitorl s4 poata patunde ingles fnomenelorlingvstice prin com- patatie. Tiebuie torus recunoscut c3, desi aceasta Iucraretrateard un ‘nami mare de fenomene lingvstce spagilacordat a feut impos st se acoperite in ttalitate multtudines de suai si except specfice aceste imbi deosebit de bogat in miloace de exprimate. Prima parte, Foret, gindita ea un preambul al luce, precaeaea unele aspect tortie ale pronunsietsunetelor limi engleze tn procesul epic lor in cuvine proper n vederea forma un discurscoerent. ‘Trebule precited, pe Linga studerearepreseneanilgrafce a sunetelor limba englese (lestoare pentru aflaea pronuntie corecteatunc cing se consults un dicfonay), cei care dorese sh pronunge corect tebuie st feversezeajtai de un spot sono, fn mod individual sau in grup. nner apo copie dedicate prior de vr nomial, el sind Subtantad, Ariat, Bonne, Aden, Ader, Nene, Prepozitia si Conjunctia, fiecare cu exercitiile aferente. Ultimul capitol, dba Vb creacoper pre consleraas cel ne tmp ue in mat mulesubeapce: Acetate forme fant sing terl ale modull indicat precun: Pram, rendre, Ted simply, Trecutul perfect si Vittorul, ale Conditionalubui (eratat tn contextul frei condnal), le Inpeatind, prec si module impenceae Ijin Gon Poa, dat Des pasa. Ta fe, ee orden puro sia lia petit propo! pina cu Predcale roportorecundar Pelinghdenomie dette impr Alo! nba om exe ns expat tala valaen Lt fing, «fst data trdocerea orn lnba engl, penta a fami lata eral cu termiolgia conc, Dei considerate ert ‘eel sunt edt ete pie oe, tates sce at ‘esr lege de le peer ieren une imag comprchensve 1 enomenlor inisce speci imi enlere,o aborare care epte= fino can com al code gamete De sen, ope Imetinate ma sus portal comun de Mofo, it 0s const {kn necro se delice un pata pei inte Tes cocycle va pune ples cst as poe 4 twee de asta de compere ae de prformant ferns tesla gut ag de stun rene conextesituaponal ifr n Gin fecal capil celle sant coneapute gra en lca, er ata cto a feslerea lor Exprinarea stature ge Irakalepopuse acoperdvocabularal colo dren vocal ta {pela cr el economi soci ui, meal sporty, en 17, Would you read the ‘ofthe previous meeting! Ie wort ‘ake you more than ten 18, Would you ask the boss to give me a day off know you ae in good with him, 19. He swore hae he woulda drink any the comer pub the other day. 20, After several damp day, che sun ays ed our 1 but Isa him in X. Alegeti forma corecta. “Model: Not many people goto the picture / pictures any more. They prefer to watch TV instead. Not many people goto the pitures any mote. They prefer to watch TV. instead 1A: Have you got any experience with children? Bs Lhave had some experince / experiences ofthis sort of work, 2A: Can you give me some advice / advices? B: No, you need the advice / advices ofa doctor 3. ve lost my sessor /sesors and I need it/ them to cut my nas 4. He say on che iver bank fora whole day, but he caught thre fish / fishes oy. 5. All the water rushed out and che reeds were full of fish / fishes Aopping around. 6. The success of a performance depends « lot on the acoustic / acoustics ofthe thes, 1. Bass fellow workers / fellows workers are all his frends because they used eo be classmates. 8. Lyndon muse have solid ground / gronnds when he says thatthe machine wil ot work unless it technical parameters are modified 9. Mathematic/ Mathematice i a pricy in any enginesting activity. 10. We have invited Gordons / the Gordon for dinner 11. The Pme Miniter was asked abou dhe Government’ foreign polcy/ polities. 12, The smiled politely, but deep in thei heart Beats they fel rather lsappointed 13, We must gc tothe heart / hearts ofthe problems sureroene : 83 14, Some parents have the tendency to interfere with their chief / lives even afer they have come of age 15. The investors an borrow money from two banks if they obean letters of eed / letters of ees from the banks that ofered the ist loan, [XI Reformulati propose de mai jos porvit modeului, folosind ‘cuvintele fm bold, fara sa schimbati forma euvintelor propuse. “Model: The tourist industry has greatly contebted tothe development ofthe country’s economy, has made ‘The tourist industy has made a great contribution to the evelopment ofthe country’s industry. 1. The opposition has eitiized the governments economie strate has attracted “The government's the opposition. 2. Who do you estimate will win the competition? is going Is the competition? 5, During the recent Chemisty class, the teacher let the stadens experiment with acids to make ‘The students Chemistry clases 4. Margaret was 0 happy tac er eyes shone with Margaret's 5, Some drugs, which ae safe when eaken separately, ae lethal if they are combined, Some drugs lethal 6, Patents should ler their children decide for themselves what they will, do in li ‘make Patents cere i ie There have hen reports hat strange things ate happening in the town, bout ‘There have been in the town, 84 5. Ieexasperates me to hear comments lke this incite Comments eens 9. The computer industry has greatly expanded over the las decade, reat ‘There has been the last decade 10. The applicant asked the clerk to explain how co fil inthe application fon, to give ‘The applicant the application form. 1. We are morally obliged to give a helping hand to those in need ke those i need 12. My brother-in-law resigned 2s mayor of cur town for health reasons tendered My brother inlaw... fr health reasons 13, When allocating houses, the Town Council prefer families with young children given When allocating houses. young children. 14. Her former husband was presing his claim for custody ofthe child put Her former husband sn ofthe child 15, People who want tcl her car can advert nthe Sunday paper fall ‘The Sunday papers «second-hand cas XIL. Reformulati propositle de mai jos, transformind cuvintsle sublinate in substantive compuse “Model: The people who passed bythe mille’ could admire che hats in che shop window. ‘The paser-by could admire the hats in the milie's shop window: 1. My fa jad ou in raiconal way. 2. The boy's surgery set him hack fom preparing his final exam. 5. Thope thar our horse will noe beak away during the ston. surest 85 4. Helen's mother does not approve chat her daughter should go.n the way she does 5. The workers fom the textile mil in out town have been locked out once this year 6, The football club was shaken up last month, when ther best player lef the team. 17. There i no wonder that your parents have found out the way you ‘vo cared on 8. The sll was called ewice every da, in the morning and in the ‘evening 9. Only one of the three boys was digging the garden, the other two 10. The men ll over the county aged beeween 21 and 40 were called up when the war broke ou. XID Alegeti cuvantul sau cuvintele corecte- 1. Tom Smith sfered some spine damage / damages when he was knocked down by a car 2. I doit know the medical term / terms fr his infirmity 5. The surgeon thinks thac there is strong ground / there are strong rounds fr believing that the young boy wil be able to walk agin after the srgery. 4.The news that he may be able co walk again afer the surgery has raised Tom's spn / spirits. 5.Nevertheles, the doctor has told Tom's parents chat there might be some trouble / trouble i case the boy needs a transfusion because Ihe has a are Hood group. 6. Tons parents take great pain / pains to finda blood donor withthe same blood group as thet son. 7. The surgeon has given them Some useful advice /advees, to check ‘up their own Blood groups 8. Finally st hasbeen found out that the dives, who fel great remorse / remorses for having caused the acident, has the same blo group a Tom. 9. Ducto the progress / progresses madein orthopaedics morbidity among patients who have sferedtraumatisms hasbeen greatly rece, 10 Teisno wonder that orehopoediss ae high on the medical eae / scales. 86. rats mt ese XIV Introduces,’ saus! in loe de catime, acolo unde este neces. 1. Myson hast read any play by Shakespeare- yet 2. The Smith- and the Brown- are Nick- and Ben- parents. 5 Last summer Thad a three-week holiday at my aunt 4 Mrs. Powell i Nicks and Ben: former English teacher 5. One ofthe term papers snot signed. It is neither Hugh nor Patric 6, Her eyes narrowed with pleasure lke aeat- when I opened the box of chocolates 1. The litle gl moved around soy like a ct- when she saw the box of chocolates 8. The writer rewrote the novel last chapter three times, before he handed tin 0 the publisher 9A great many scentie- ate engaged in canying out scientific ‘esearch in oder to find out a remedy for AIDS. 10. few yeats ago Shakespeare hese known plays, performed by The Shakespeare Royal Company, wee shown on television every week “XV. Completa propoile de mai jos eu cuvintelepotrivit dn case. bales, bo, Dc, lap clsers, fh, flock, gall, ges, gran, ha, ‘ead, ja loa, hg, make, mg ack, a, le, pint, Porto, uf st, shes des, sor, string espoonful, wave, wink, yards [What nnn youre? Ita Romanian make ora foreign one? 2. The applicant asked for a... of paper to write a pedcon. 5, When you want to make a sandwich you need 100... of bread, 4 Leouldatthavea ofslep beceuse ofthe noise in the street. 5. The singer was rewarded with a of applause ater each sone. 6. Dont ty to fool me! Theresa of ruth in what you are saying 1. After cotton i harvested, is transported in large othe cotton mils 8, While we were travelling by ain we SOW a secs of sheep srasing on al, 9. The dressmaker says that three of silk are enough for @ summer des utr az 10. The litle gil says she would like to have a ber breakfast. 11. The patients complain that they don't get enough food. The ‘are too small, 12.T suddenly fle a of anger before I could tll bien what 1 thought about him. 13. She bought herself « ‘of winter boots and now she says she doesat ike them. 14, Tha nigh the actress was wearing no other jewels but a of small white peal 15, Take chat of books away and put them in the bookease before laying the able 16 He says he never drinks more than 2 afer work, but | doube 1 of beet atthe pub 17 After the main course was served, she brought in few of grapes forthe deser. 16. Ben never wes the lit. He elimbe up and down four of seats several times a ay. 19. How many ‘of sugat have you putin my tea? I cat drink At becaase is too sweet 20. The managers statement meta was obliged to retrace i 21. IF you go to market, wil you buy a of radishes for me? 22.1 cane make the fie because Ihave no matches. Do you happen 9 havea eof matches? 23. [lke to havea car ike Rober’, Is gute economical. Ie does fifty ails pe... f ptr. 24, They had fe... of tennis before the rain started and then they went home in Joba's az B.A ‘of china would ke a nice wedding present for Anne, and it would be quite useful too. 26, Fishermen use trawl nes which they throw into the sea from eheir ofits, and finally he of lettuce and two of cocoa with T 28, [knew Brian was smokin cigar because Twa ofsmoke fiom behind the armchair he was sting in. Lashed him to give up smoking while staying with us because we cart sand the smoke 29. fe dangeous to clmb his mountain in winter because you may slip and faint a precipice or you may be attacked bya ‘of wolves 430. The baby seared eying ac the sudden of thunder and 1 hhaverit been able ro calm him down unc sow. Wall you take hin in| your arms and sing lullaby unt he falls alep? XVE Reformulaicuvintele tn bold potrvit modelulu. Model: He the marking manager at one ofthe branches ofthe company. Hes the matketing manager a one ofthe comms ranches 1. The garden party was eld at the residence ofthe French ambassador. 2, Avsoon a he left the ofice Dave called for his wife at the place of her parent. 3, He wotks for one ofthe branches of the company. 44 He heard the news ofthe bankruptcy ofthe company onthe rao. 5, When Susans eyes met the eyes of her hushand, she knew that he wae in rouble. {6.Two das later Susan's sister came round ro cake che children 10 the house oftheir grandparents. 1. There sno me | ike beter than the muse by Beethoven. 8. The dress of my cousin was the cast atthe New Year's Eve party. 9. The eyes ofthe litle gil shone with happiness 10. noiced ase on the face of the patient when he was told that he ‘would leave the hospital che nextday XVIL Reformulag!fasele de mai jos conform modelului, tansfor- nd verbele im bold in substantive. Nu schimbati sensu ‘Model: The law prohibits that children under 16 should be employed. ‘The ezaployment of children under 16 is proibied by law |. What impression did the jury have a che end of the competition? oats because fish sim What at the end of the competition? 27. David i 50 fond of sweet things that be 628 & vrs amt 2. The interest rate has been reduced lately, ata eime with a whole of bread, ‘There hasbeen Tal 88 bk ence Artes | os 5. The Government has promised hat che tax system willbe revi “The Government next yest 4. fa new tax system is introduced, i will encourage new investments in modern technology The wenn fn modern technology 5:1 just want to correct the manuscript before I send it for printing. Tus need enn for printing 6.Matiene Diewich was a famous German accres. A most gifed Romanian acres i trying to recreate her myth by acting in & play about her “The Romanian «a play about her 7. Ie fact that pollution has rapidly expanded and this has serious ‘consequences on people's health Keira face people's heath. 48. Geology can ofe information about the easy stages when the planet seas formed. Geology ean offer information ono 9. Yesterday's newspapers related a case that appeared 1o be a straightforward murder Yeserdays newspapers murder 10 Scientific research is being carried out for new solutions so that the ‘lol of supplies should not be totally exhausted in the next 50 Scientific esearch in the next 50 yeas [XVII Alege forma conects. ‘Model: Aer a 140 hu clin we were glad to take few minus’ re 4) climbing fr ew hour 1) ew hour climb ) two hours climbs 8) afew minutes’ rest b)a few minute res. ) afew minute's rest sss covered the whole region in white 4) Yesterday now, ») Yestenay’s snowfall, ) Yesterdays! snowfall 90. rama ni elne 2. eens Const of forty silo” declared the captain a) My ships crew 1) My ship crew ©) My ship crews 3. Trimet Greta 2) my sister garden party 1) the garden party of my sistent, <) my site inlaw’ garden party 4. Two boys clikbed the... fo stealing fri, 1) gardeis wall wall of the garden «) garden wall 5. When Tas a child I would eat frit ) ro my hear’s content. 1) tothe conteat of my hear. 6) afer my hear’ content ‘Afr looking for Jim all over the cow Twas a) at my wis end 1) atthe end of my wit. tomy witsend I. This not my pen. TES 2) my sister's 1) of my sie «my siter’s pen. £8, The boys had fightin the dining room and broke a) achat’ leg 1) the leg ofa chai, ) chair leg. 9.08 people celebrate New Year's Eve 2) the yea’ lastnight. 1) the lastnight ofthe yea the year last night. 10. Before starting his own business che young man had his job 8) at his fingertips. Bj atthe rps of his fingers. 6) at is finger tps XIX. Reformulatifazele de mai js, punind complement indirect Y 1. There i (ale, women, sping) starting on Apail 15 a che (village, Inainteacomplementului direct. “Models tod time and agun to my children not to play in the street, bur they would obey me. told my children te and again noe to play in the street, but they woulda obey me | Have you given my best egards to your parents when you called on them? 2, Tsenta cable to Miriam to tell her that John had been waiting forme atthe station. 3. The company communicated che decision thatthe payment for extea Ihouts woul! be cutoff for che staf. 4. You should hand back his book o im, 5. The beggar said he would show che way co me iT gave hi a few cents for his help 6.The host poured wine into glasses and handed one to each man, while the ladies wee having dessert. T-Lacy’s father offered a cigarette to het but she refed to take pretending she had given up smoking 68.1 asked him eo lend 100 Euros ro me, and when {paid the money I ‘owed him, he asked for a 30 % interest 9, He has denied any pleasure or luxury to his family since he lost a considerable sum of money investing iin shares that were devalued 10. Me Gibson claimed he had paid for everybody's meal to the waiter ‘who bad brought che bil, so we left the table XX. Aranjati in forma corects cuvintele din parantesi,folosind ‘azul genitiv acolo unde este neces. Model: The (thesis, my best fend, fancée) was considered the best of the yar ‘The thesis of my best fiends lance was considered the best of the year (Or: My bes frien’ ancée's thesis was considered the best of the year (informal speech) 92 cama tn deparument store). 2. The (Government, programme, top ploy) bas been announced in (cody, newspaper) 43, The only (hospital, city) that performed laparoscopy has stopped cis modern medial procedure 4 Afr (wo weeks, pause) the apparatus hast been repaired yet 5. The (conference, participants, day, meals) ate served at the (restaurant, hte 6 The (machine, parameters) have been declared unfit for the technological processes i was designed fo. 1. The (frend my cousin, brothersnvlaw) got married to (alece, my bes rend). 8, (Mary and Maggaet, hotel oom) was facing the beach and so was 9, The (hook, author) includes not only che (amy biographical data), bot aio some hints about (his source, inspirational). 10. Afer {had taken some (pictures, the whole family), chy asked re totake another (pieute, Anne) XXL Reformulatiproposiile i frazele de mai jos, astfel inet si contnd att cuvintele in bold, ct i substantive in datival prepositio- nal. Nu schimbati sensu “Model: Margate i always complaining she can't get used tothe new rules of professional etiquette can’t get accustomed ‘Margret always complaining that she cane get accustomed tothe new rls of profesional eiquete 1. Don’t give this painkiller to chide under 12 shouldn't be administered 2. The touts wll find out the exact hour ofthe departure two days in sdvance will be announced 5. The cable was for the police headquarters. was addressed 93 4.The police reports claim that tall accidents are due to che exceeding ofthe speed limit ‘scribe 5 Tee sid that this failure is cased by adverse conditions. fs attrac 6. His parents’ house i the onl place where the writer fels at home belonged 7. After few hours debate the jury delivered tothe judge the verdict: “puly” ‘communicated 8. The merchanalse was sent to che beneficiary a month ago. a delivered 9. The victim gave details othe police about what his aggressor wa ike. described 10. eis only for his busines that he uses mast of his time and energy. devotes 11, Dont try to persuade me that you are not at fault, because I don't believe you tocsplain 12, The producer made the shipper responsible forthe deterioration of the merchandise during the transportation. imputed 13, Could you lp me meet Natalie? [know you are good friends ineroduce 14, When he asked her to matty him, she could belive her ears roposed 15, Tm sory Ididit answer your eter the se day I got tas you had requested didn't reply 16, Roger said he was almost sure that he had heard a strange noise in the ella Ie seemed 17, The minister delared he agreed he should answer the reporters! questions. to mbm 18, Imvilingto express font ofthe press what think bout chiscampaign. to communicate 4. mat in ene Y 19. All che improvement that che inventor's fellow workers made are writen down in the miuces ofthe meeting ere suggested 120, When he wae awa, he use to sed his wife a eter every day. XXIL Traducet tn limba engess. 1. Frctele prove din Calis vind pe tot terror Statelor Unite. 2.De ce vat nut cont de sfaturile Tui? E un bitrin Inglepe cate ‘vara ait mule, 43, Bani cei sunt ai mel. Lam economist timp de sae lun penta cd rea aden cumpar 0 biccle 4. Cit ban aia tne! Mar tebui nist bani st-mi cumparo carte, dar fm rimas fird nil un ban pnd lunes viltoae 5 Loerie ui in domeniul meine! sunt aplicabile th eatarea boll de ct. 6. Face o muned interesanea foarte util In acca timp. 7.Nu mai urmaresc sie de a teleizoe Sunt numa despre accidents slerime 8, Exist ule informagic fibica Ie eare luce: este pe cal st dea falimene 9, Ce vreme friguoass ¢ ploioas de para a i nolembrie, ne apie! 10, Doctoral mea recomandat si manine fructe numal o ditd pe sprain 11 Vinurle franguseyt sunt renumite oat lames, dar cele omnes sume ele foarte bune. 12 Vinullor roménestt It s-au acordae premit de mat multe ori ‘concurs internationale. 13, Virnee de-alongulmariorbulevaede ale capitalelor europeneatrag auengia eecatrlo 14 In drum spre cas am intrat into lorie sam cumptrat un buchet de randafr galben,lorile mele preferate 15. Pacong din sanatort sant stu st ia meicamentele de eet oft peti 16. Hai mergem la rxionol de tnearamint pentra copit s- eumpar fice mele 0 pereche de panof 95 irerosnan 17. Bontru ea $2 topic deja 2apada, am lucrat tn grading. Am maturat frurare rims pe pint de tama tecut am curatt tule dea Jungul garda 18, Pescara plect Ia pesca dis-de-diminega spent c& cerul era acopent, au pins mule peste 19, Accidental +a produs din causa vtezl mar cw care merges goferul caionett, are va treba st plateasea pagubele 20. Uraganele produc mari pagube materiale, si pot exista si vitime Fabrics a poluat sul din apropiere pentru ca devest o substan cotrvitoate 22. Ochi lsu la el de frumog a ct ai mamet sale ar maxlaul la fel de vluntar ca al ete 23. Dup ce sa pierdu sluba si s-acheltuitroate economile, tinal sa hocks plece Ia ara ss lureze ao fermi 24, Fata asta de a ard nu a fst niclodats la eat, Pasng el au due-o ‘numa la cinema. 25, Mar placea sf ma duc la biel isa ma dau ta eae 26, Acum cin ani Bob Smith, cae era burl, a cerut-o tn cdstorie pe Jane Parkes cate era viva de civa an 27. Cand am ajuns la intesecsie, nam sit ncoto 5-0 au 28, Cand am vopsi sas giugiuveaua ferestrei iam murdisc ainele true nmi pusesem sslopera. 29, fccate 2 cind ies de la servic aco plimbare de 20 de minute, dar dimineaa merg cu autobucul pentru ef mi pot permite aun tra fa Btu. 30. Mice teama ci am piu che ui de fa intrare.Probabilc& mia ‘aut din burunarcind mi-am sos barks, 1 96 ats mt ine Trine érticiey Articoful este un instrument gramatical neflexibil care preced un ‘substantiy, pe care i individualizeas, in functie de context in limba englesa exists tei feluri de artcole: articolul hotérat,artico- Tul nchotsrit si articolul zero. Asticolul hotirt poate preceda att substantive numaabile, la singu- lar gi la plural cit si nenumarabile. Articolul nehotarat poate precede ‘numa substantive numarabile la singular. Articolul zero se floseste in absenta articolului hora sau a celui nehotart. Trebuie si facem diferenta dinte folosirea articolului zero si situatile cfd se omive in mod deiberat articolul hocaratsau cel nehotarst pentru concizie (in texte tinifice, scheme, telegrame, indica seenice) sau In scopurisilistce ~ ciluri din are, reclame, afge. ‘Atoms in this molecule are simi. (text tehnic: Aromii din aceasta ‘molecula sunt identi.) Earthquake Toll Rises. (clu unui aticol din sar: Creste numarul rmortilor de pe urma eutremurulal) AObservatie: ‘Totus, tn cazurile menfionate, se poate foloi artiolul hocarit daci aueoral doreste Aricoul hotart are singur forma the ae a singular, enna toate cee tei genus preceda substanivl pe care determina. “The este pronunfa 28 nantea consoanelorsemiconsoanelor [0] Insintes sunetelor vocaice, sau cind vorbitoral doteste sf accentueze substanivl caret umes Yu are the [i prson I nae. (Et chiar persoana de care am nevoie) the [2] doctor who has save my fe. (Acesta este chiar doctoral cate mia salvat vig) emeoen 90 Articolul otis este flosc th urmatoarele cazut: "= Toaintea unui substantiv care devine cunoseut pentns ci a mai fost rmentionat anterior: 7My hows not far from a river. Unfortunate the river i nather| pled. (Casa mes neste depare de un ru. Din picate, ul ete foarte poluat) Irainteasubstancvelor eunoscute ate de vorbitoy, ct ide interlocw- ‘oral stu: “The editorin

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