Achieve ELTS 2 Cm eee lec hacer Workbook UPPER INTERMEDIATE - ADVANCED Band 5.5 to 7.5) Caroline Cushen Madea Chvendich Louis. Harrison Education Susan HutchisonAchieve IELTS 2 CMCC elm cetyl Workbook Louis Harrison Th) Matshallavendish Caroline Cushen veanon Susan Hutchinson{© 2006 Marshall Cavendish Education First published 2006 by Marshall Cavendish Education Marshall Cavendish Education isa member of the Times Publishing Group {eight mrt no prt i piconet, sondie a retrieval system, transmitted in any form, ot by any ‘means, electronic, mechanical ing. recoding. oF shoncopyie ‘otherwise, without the prior writen permistion ofthe publishers ‘Marshall Cavendish Education 119 Wardour Steee London WIF OUW www meclecomficlts Editorial, design and production by Hart McLeod, Cambridg Printed and bound by Times Offset (M) Sdn. Bhd. Malaysia Acknowledgements “The Authors and Publishers would like to acknowledge the folowing sources fom which extracts inthe book, stated. have been adaped. Text p-15, tressortment.com/goklstandards_rgvh.btm, encyclopedia. laborlawralk.com/Fiat_currency, on ikl Money ‘woewexac.ukl-RDavicfarian lpfbeml .21, ‘worlitleviking. org ul/traveloffen hemor youngpenons- raiard.co.uk: 9.22, tas onl ‘worw budapesthotesconv/roursguide/bkv asp .29, based on article from New Scicndst Creepy cristo explore other ‘wots, 23 July 2005: p30, based on article from Newomeck The future of entertainment, 26 Sepeember 2005: 135. en-vikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_ Keynes (borough); 1.38 ww archscek.com/guides/spain/caalunys/barcelons; 143, Ader in Engh by Moe Brag, 203 59, worw hb co ukeucation/asgura/generalstadies/sociery! ‘radelzadeO6 hum: '.63, worwspartacusschoolnctco.ui/REnightingse hums 1.66, worwarabnews.con/?page-98section-O8cartice~ 549588cde24Sem=1L8ey=2004; 1-70, wwrwaustalianorganic.com au — handbooks 1.73, atkins com/Archive/2001/12/15-217072 printable hen 1-79, based on article from New Scientist A land turned 10 dst. Caroline Wiliams, 4 Jane 2005; p.81, based on arvice from New Scientist Ten steps to saving the planet Tao good +0 wate AZ of weong 10 Spans Photos 7a ORoyalry-Free/Corbis p.8 t ©Mark Petcron/Corbis, Bob Kris/Corbis p.9 Ofrank Chmuca/ Alar, 10 ©Phowofsion Pierre Libeary/Alamy;p.14 OLouis Harrison; p-15 ©Helene Roger/Alamy p17 Alamy; p21 ©Hart McLeod: p.22 a ©Gcopia/Alamy, bd and {§ ©Louis Harrison. ¢ ©Transport of DelighvAlamy,, © OMatt Faga/Alany F Barry LewivCorbis, h @Grant Farquhar/Alamy; p.27 all ©Lous Harrison: p.28 a and c ‘Roger Quinn, used courtesy Roget Quinn, Biorobotics Lab, Case Western Reserve Univenity. b ONASA. d ORob Michlson/GTRUScience Photo Library, e ONASA/Science Photo Library, p30 ©Dimension/Exerer/Rex Features: p32 ©Hank Morgan/Universty of Massachusetts at ‘Ambers/Science Photo Library: p35 -b ©London Acrat Photo Library/Cotbis, Robert Suinforth/Alamy, ©Robert Saainforeh/Alamys p.37 OPeter Bowater/Alamy: .38 cb ©Dave G Hower/Po-Houserstock/ Corbin, Archivo conografico, S.A Corbis, Patrick Ward Corbis, GAM Corporation’ Alay: p39 + ClmageStatelAlamy, OAltendo ‘Travel/Getty Images, ©David Wall Alay: p40 t+ BL Images Lid/Alamy, ©David Lawrence/Alamy, ©The Hoberman Collectio/Alamy; p43 t-b OYadid Levy/Alamy, Gary Eatwards/ZefalCorbia, WiaDatainc/Alamy, ‘©image100/Alamy: p44 ©Huleon ArchivelGetry Images; 2.50 Oimagebroker/Alamy, b Hart Mct.cod, c Gari Wyn Wallm/Alany. 4 ©Phorfuioe Pure Lbay/Aany ©Hlene Rogers/Alamy, f ©Royalry FreeiCorbis,g OJanine Wiedel Phowlibrary/Alamy p57 ORcuter/Corbis, 1.60 ©AlikiSapourts/Aliki Image Library/Alamys 1.63 ©Bettmana/Corbis; p64 ©PhovonicalGerry Images: 1.65 ©Royaly FreciCorbis .66 ©Reutce/ Corbis, 1.69 OWilliam Whitchurs/Corbis; :70 a ©Dynamic Graphics Group/Alamy. b ©lngram Publising/Alamy, «¢ OPhorofusion Picture Library/Alamy, d and g @Louis Harrison, ¢ ©Richard Hamileon Smih/Corbin, FOBFA/ACO, used with kind permission; p73 ¢ ©Becky Luigart Stayner/Carbis, b ORayalty Free/Corbix p.74 clockwise ‘Digital Archive Japan/Alamy, Ofoodfolio/Alamy, ©Digial Archive Japan/Alamy, ©D. Hurs/Alamy, ©Chloe Jolinson/Alamy, ©Nikreares/Alamy: p79 ©Shelbylmages com! ‘Alamy; p88 Mchau Kuly/Science Photo Library: p84 OTom Steware/Coxbis ‘The Authors would lke to thank Anna Guan, our editor, for het good advice and guidance, Krista Liptk and Guy Harison fo images wed in the book, and Kemayo Mitsuhashi and Hsiao-Pu Chu for help with Unie BContents 10 Food 11 Our earth 12 Graduate ah a ae:Map of the book Unit / title Page Test practice Banding” gees ning tule Batching hetigs wih plngraph yes / no / not given ‘Wiking peor ee eee (sen nen Reading yencral taining modile~ yes/no not given Listening, matching: multiple-choice questions Whiting part 1 — comparison and contrast Reading gncral taining moxule ~ multiple-choice questions classification Listening summary completion Writing task I — describing a process; staging; sequencing Las, Gane tae questions; summary completion Writing describing changes in a city, Reading multiple-choice questions; summary completion Listening. table completion; matching: multiple matching Writing general training module, task 1 atch hs with su soul Reading machig pure i alec i leg eal hee seh ae caine ae eenioh Reading _ yes / no / not given; summarising Writing ocala Reading matching: yes /'no / not given Listening. multiple-choice questions; summary completion Writing general raining module, task 2; giving examples Listening. matching; multiple-choice questions Reading i n= kG J pees conn comin Writing repeating and giving lrernatives discursive Reading Tig a i ste GTN Elsen lala Se Geared ee aera ere Writing cohesion Reading multi questions low chart completions table completion Lisening lca. nore completion Writing mel training module ~ proofreading.Language study Pronunciation Study skills present censes sentence stress a dictionary asking for information word stress similar and opposite words negatives passive and active forms linked words kecping vocabulary past perfect words for crime and collocation (1) third conditional criminals information clauses defining and non-defining keeping learnin, clauses reporting verbs final /t/ or /a/ sound esnternational student In this unit you will practise: Study skills using a dictionary Language study Listening Reading Writing present tenses note completion; short answer questions general training module - matching headings with paragraphs; yes / no / not given describing charts Unit 1: International student Study skill using a dictionary 0) A good dictionary contains information about the meaning of words, their grammar, pronunciation and different amples of their use. Read the dictionary entry and answer the questions. deposit! /lr'pozit/ noun [C] 1a first payment that you make when you agree to buy something, ‘expensive such as a car or house. The rest of the money that you pay later is called the balance: She paid a £500 deposit and agreed 10 ‘pay the balance within six months « put down a deposit (~ pay it) We ve put down a deposit on a new house. La. an amount of money ‘that you pay when you start to rent something such as a flat or car that is returned to you when you stop renting it. tb. an amount of ‘money that you pay into a bank account: make a deposit He made a £2,000 cash deposit on 5 April. 2.4 layer of metal or another substance that has formed in soil or rock: Rich mineral deposits have been discovered in the area, 2a, a layer of a substance that gradually forms on or inside something: she ‘build up of fat lepasits in the arteries. oposit? /dr'pozit/ verb [1] 1. formal to put or leave something somewhere: They deposited their suitcases at the hotel. 2. 0 pay money into a bank account: Billions of dollars are deposited in banks every day. 2a. to put something valuable in a safe place. 3. iff substance is deposited in the soil or in roek, it gradually zaithers there and forms a layer: These sediments were deposited by floods thousands of years ago Is ir an English-English dictionary or bilingual dictionary? Where is the main stress in the word? Is deposit countable or uncountable as a noun? Which meaning of the noun deposi is about money and which is about minerals like coal or iron? Which new word means an amount of money to pay later? Which verbs go together with the noun deposit? Can we use deposit as a verb without an object? Which de somewhere? 9) Which use of the verb deposit is formal? = Nau ion of the verb deposit is about leaving somethingLanguage study: present tenses Present simple and continuous (0) Choose the correct verb to complete the conversation. Pere eee A Good morning, how ean I help you? : I'd like to join the university library, is this the right place? The Welcome pack (1) is saying / says students should go to the Library Reception. + es youre in the right place, bur 1 (2) m having /-hae to rake rome details from you before I can issue a library card. Can you tell me your name and student number? : My name's Magali and my student number is UB 34009. :: Magali? (3) Do / Are you come / coming from France? : Yes, I'm from Nice. Do you know ie? : Well, I know whereabouts it is ~ I (4) am_wanting/want to go to France cone day. Now, whats your department? 1 (5) study /'m studying mobile communications. : So, you (6) take / ‘re taking an engineering course. That's right: Department of Electrical Engineering, I (7) ‘m doing my final year, : And (8) do /arc you enjoy / enjoying yourself here? : Yes, I like it very much, but we (9) ‘re having / have a lor of work on the course. Now, wait a minute while the machine (10) 's finishing / finishes your card. Here you are. Stative verbs © Correct the mistakes. 5 Carmen's always thinking that I'm with other girs T'm not understanding the lecturer very well today. A: Where are you going on holiday? B: I'm going to the south of Spain, My brother is owning a small cotcage there. Were hearing that you're having a party this evening. Economists are believing that interest rates will go down soon. Transitive and intransitive verbs © Correct the mistakes. I didn't catch your last sentence, could you repeat, please? ‘When are you going to start it doing your es Bertrand didn't get the attachment to your e-mail, Can you send again? A: Why do you want my lecture notes? B: I want because I’ like to read because I was lace for that lecture, Okay, is everyone here now? Good, then lets start it. Today we're looking at the role of advertising, Unit 1: International studentPresent perfect and present perfect continuous © Match the sentences with the meaning. 11 dts beem raining all day A Ic stopped raining earlier. 2 It rained all day. B It may still be raining, 21 How long have you been A The person is probably still studying English? studying. 2. How long have you studied B ‘The person is probably not English? studying. 3.1 ve been waiting for you for A The person did not stay three hours, 2 I waited for you for three hours. B. The person is still there. a5 © Complete the conversations. Use present perfect or present perfect continuous. A: Excuse me, can you tell me when the flight is leaving Tim afraid we don't have any inform: t the B: P'm sorry, bi A: Bur it’s three hours late and I (1) (wait) here for five hours. B: I'm afraid char all I can tell you, madat that we (2) {ge) information thatthe problem (3) —_ (solve) and the lights (4) (leave) on time for the past hour. ‘As Does that mean that my plane will leave soon? I (5) __ (make) an appointment to meet someone in London. B: I think thac it is a good possibilicy. I (6) __ (just check) the flight before yours and it’s getting ready to leave now A: OK, thanks, 7 A: And now the business news. First the money markets. The dollar ¥ (7) ___(rise) against the Euro throughout the day and the rate is now 1.3 dollars to the Euro. Experts (8) (predict) that the dollar will rise even further in the next few days, This is due to the price of oil which (9) __ (go up) since last weekend when OPEC announced a reduction in oil production, Asian business leaders (10) ___(arrive) in Singapore to discuss closer economic cooperation. They (11) et) all day today in the Raffles Hotel and are due to finish their discussion anytime now. Our reporter Magdalene Wong (12) (wait) outside the hotel. Magdalene, (13) the Teaders (make) any progress today? B: Well, we (14) _ __ (have) reports that this morning's discussion on increasing trade berween the countries went well, and since lunchtime the leaders (15) (alk) about lowering trade barriers between Asian countries A: Thanks Magdalene, and we'll come back to this story with an update from Singapore. oF 8 Unit: 1: International student:Listening @ Of Listen to a talk and complete the notes. Use no more than three words or a number. Teaching methods at university 1 Lectures 2 Seminars Time: (1) __ These are (9)__ uhere students and On some courses there can be (2) a tutor discuss topics. students in a lecture The tutor often asks students to prepare Lectures (10)___ Fer discussion, 4) explain the main pants of a topic The aim is not to be told a correct answer b) 3)__ for further study = the aim is to (11)_____ and make ©) give up-to-date formation judgements about them. This process helps Don't make netes on lecturer's stories, focus “students to (12)__, on (4)__ and important details. Yarticipating is part oF the process, <0 try when making ngtésy use abbrevactions ard to (13)____ even if this is difficult symbols For (5)____ and terms. a IF you do not undarstand something, Sees 6) to ask afterwards, keep Tene: (14) ____ mirustes notes From lectures (7)______ ina file The tutor gives (15)__ on a piece of and review them regularly, work. Try to ask questions about your work You may like to record lectures on or topes from (16)___ and, seminars. (8)__, but ask permission first. @ @ Listen again and answer the questions. 1 On courses with only a few hours of classes, how should students work? Apart from the three methods ment other three teaching methods? ned above, what are the 3. In lectures, when do students usually ask questions? 4 What are seminars meant to encourage? 5 Why do some international students find semi 6 What are tutorials? 15 Frightenit Pronunciation @ __O Listen and underline the stressed words. ith exential to go to lectures 1s really important to go over your lectures Working independently is crucial at university o @ B Listen again and practise. Unit 1: International student 8 fA10 Reading 0 Read the passage and match the headings with the paragraphs. 1. style of education 5. leisure time 2 voluntary work 6 nightlife 3. finding accommodation 7 adapting to a different culture 4 getting involved at university 8 taking part in sports oF UNIVERSITY SIX MONTHS ON It only seems like yesterday that ! leh home but it's already been six ‘months. How time fies! Since I came here, | have not only learned a Jot about Batain's culture, but also made a lot of friends from all ‘ver the world. Even more importantly, my experience here has. inspired me a lot and positively changed some of my perspectives. My studies have been going realy well and I love my new course. Fitting in has been a major issue because my cuiture, food and background are completely different from everyone else. Sil | love these diiferences because it means that I have so much to learn. | realy enjoy the intellectual atmosphere here as | can freely express ‘my own views, | have always been taught to accept all information taught in textbooks, and the teacher was always right, there was no oom for arguments or disagreements. just had to accept and rmemorise facts. However, at the university, lecturers have a role in the development of my own thoughts and ideas. infact, arguing, and debating with tutors is encouraged, to promote independent thinking. My professor always encourages us to challenge his views to think ertically. ‘As a former journalist, | am amazed at the degree of independence {and freedom that the media enjoys here in Britain. iis very easy to read of hear diferent points of view from the media. n Such a relaxed atmosphere, | volunteered to be a student representative at the Students’ Union, participating ‘actively in student union meetings and raising various issues concerning student rights. We successfully changed our school’s decision to cancel one of our modules. | also sent an e-mail to the Head of the Business School, suggesting 2 better way of running our course, and the Head has promised to reply. Now, ! have leamed not only to be more confident to talk about my views but also to be mare open to consider diferent opinions. Now 1 would also lke to tell you about my busy social life outside my studies. | am now teaching children in the city although | am not being paid for this work. With my help, not only are their language and writing skills improving but also their bonds to Chinese culture are strengthened, Also | often help the elderly people of Bristol. | helped them arrange a party and invited a group of local primary schoo! children to join. Besides academic studies at university, there are numerous extra-curicular activities that | have participated in. This made me realise that as a student, the United Kingdom has much to offer. Although | am very busy | have still managed to Wsit a lot of British cites even though the weather Is colder here than the inside of a fiidge. | find that Britain has a ‘reat sense of history and culture, which i in its own way as rich and varied as my country’s. Unit 1: International student© Read the passage again. Do the statements reflect the claims of the writer? Write ... YES if the statement reflects the claims of the writer. NNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer. NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks. Studying abroad has changed the writer's opinions in a good way. 2. Tutors in this country like students to follow tradicional thinking. 3 [eis very easy to become a student representative, 4 5 The writer does a lot of things when she is not studying, The writer thinks that che UK is less historically interesting than her own country. oO © Read the passage again and answer the questions. ‘Which three things are different from the student’s country? ‘What does the student enjoy at university and why? What school decision did the student change? Which two volunteer activities does the student do? ‘Whar else does the student do besides studying at university? ware Vocabulary 0 Complete the mind map. Use the words in A. A dligible enthusiastic ‘organised spoilt lary \t 4 8 intelligent Foenoiiing POUT el SST ICTY Unit: 7: International student " Apoten Writing “s erst ten a 0) Look at the charts and answer the questions. ‘What does the first chart show? 2 What general statements can you make about the information in the second chart? Are these statements true or false? a The number of American scudents in Europe rose steadily. b The number of American students in South America rose slightly. ‘The number of American students in the Middle East declined slowly. = © Complete the report. Use the phrases in B. iS tens staring abou nt Earepe) Eee iene The 1)__ show the number of students fom the USA ce studying abroad (2) - The first chart shows the Jong term trend number of students going to study in Europe and the second chart remained quite shows the number of American students studying in the rest of the ‘constant world. (3). we can see a (4)__in the oneeoen ‘movement of American stents away frm countries in Europe and ‘and 2004 the Middle Eastin favour of studying in counties in South America ‘overall number and Australasia. dimbed In 1985-6, the number of students from the United States studying in Europe was approximately 75,000, but by 2003-4 this had {5)____ by over 10,000 to 60,000 students. In contrast, ‘American students going to study in South America {6)___ from around 7,000 to approximately 15,000— 100% increase, and in Australasia from 1,000 to nearly 7,000, a ” 1 we look at American students studying in Asia, we can see that numbers have (@)_ at around 6.000. Jn conclusion, we can see from the charts that although the @ ‘of American students studying abroad has been ‘ising, their destinations for education have changed. = Revise for IELTS Can you remember the test advice in Achieve IELTS? 1 What information in reading passages can help you to predict the topics in a passage? 2 How can predicting what a reading passage contains help you answer the questions? or 12 Unit 1: International studentMoney Study skills: similar and opposite words ‘) A good way to increase your vocabulary is to learn words with similar and opposite meanings. Complete the table with similar words. Use the words in A. © Complete the table with the opposites of the words in column 1. Use in- (x2), ur, mis-, ir-. Listening 31 Listen to @ conversation and complete the form. = “30 Listen again and answer the questions. 1 Where does the student find the ‘course code? How much is the fee if the student pays by monthly instalments? In what situation can the student get some money ‘What details does the student need about the university for the bank? = w e Payment of fees course fees [_] accommodation fees] both { ] Course details ‘school of department of course: short course (_] part-time [_] full-time [_] course code: payment type: undergraduate [| postgraduate] Ma(_] Bal] Mse[_] credit card ‘Student details Name direct debit] cash [) cheque] University number Unit 2: Money14 ) Read the passage age Reading a 1) Read the passage and classify the descriptions as referring to ... = commodity money (CM) = representative money (RM) ~ fiat money (FM). is influenced by supply and demand. uses the gold standard depends upon the promises of governments, is a form of money that has no value as a physical object. only has value if people believe they can use it for trade. 6 _____ has been used for thousands of years. oo Do the statements agree with the wn information given? Write ... TRUE if the statement is true according to the passage. FALSE if the statement is false according to the passage. NOT GIVEN if the statement is not given in the passage. 1 Economics were the most important reason in the development of money. 2 Pepper was used as money. 3. Different societies have different ways of valuing gold. 4. Notes and coins had value because the government promised to change them for valuable metal like gold or silver. 5 The role of silver in today’s economy is very small. 6 Many currencies in Western countries became fiat money when the Euro was introduced = Unit 2: MoneyTHE EMERGENCE OF MONEY Money is common to all human societies. However, money did not have a single origin but developed independently in many different parts of the world. A definition of money cannot be based on its physical form and can only be defined by its functions. Money is used as @ measurement of value, it functions as a medium of exchange and it also functions as a means of payment. Money can be anything that the parties agree is tradeable, Desirable features of a good basis for money include being able to be stored for long periods of time transportable (being able to cary it around easily) and dificult to find so that itis worth something. Again, supaly and demand play a key role in determining value, Many factors have contributed to the development of money and anthropologists studying primitive money have discavered that economic factors were not the most important. Money in early societies developed as part of religious and social customs such as paying for brides OF religious ceremonies. The development of money can be viewed in three basic phases: commodity money, representative money and fiat money. Commodity money is made up of objects that are used as a means of commerce such as cowrie shells, whale’s teeth, and often cattle. Spices were used as commodity money {ora long time — both black and white pepper have been used as commodity money for hundreds of years. In ancient China the cowrie was so important that it became the vertten symbol for money and the first Chinese coins were made in the form of the cowrie shell. Once a commodity is used as money, it takes on a value that a society adds to it So although commodity money is teal. it should not be seen as having a fixed value in absolute terms, Its value is still socially determined to a large extent. prime example is gold, which has been valued differently by many differant societies. The value of commodity money can be strongly influenced by supply and demand ~ the more there is of a particular commodity, the lower its value, but Wien there i less of i, its value rises. Metals like gold and silver have been used as commodity money for thousands of years, in the form of metal dust, rings, bracelets and other items. The system of commodity money in many instances evolved into a system of representative money. In this system, the material that constitutes the money itself had very little value ~ the money stands for something else. Paper notes and non-precious coins were backed by a govemment or bank’s promise to change it for metal, such as silver. For much of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, marty curencies were based on representative money through the use of the gold standard. The gold standards the use of gold as the standard value for the money of a country, When a country promises to exchange its money for gold itis using the gold standard. The USA and many other Western countries kept the gold standard during the early 1900s. Today, however, golds rola in the worldwide monetary systam is very small The next important development of money was fiat money, oF floating money. This isa type of currency whose Value lies in the fact that @ government has mede a fiat, or promise, that the money is a legal method of exchange. Unlike commodity maney or representative money it is not based on another commodity such as gold Of silver and is not covered by reserves of gold or silver Fiat money only holds its value as long as people who have the currency feel that they can find an exchange partner for it at some later time. Tho value of fiat money lies in being able to use it later as a means of exchange. Most currencies in the word today are fiat money. The move to fiat money happened in 1971 when the USA switched to fiat money. At this time many of the ‘economically developed countries’ curencies were fixed to the US dolar and so this single step meant that many of the Western world’s currencies became fiat money based. Another example of fat money is the new, interational currency, the Euro Its introduction changed the face of money, and took over from many of the world's oldest currencies. What is the next step for money? Many people are pointing to e-money, or electronic money, which will mean that money has moved from solid abjects to abstract electrical digits Unit. 2: Money 15 A= pote ‘problem 168 Language study: asking for information; negatives Asking for information "| Put the words in order to make questions. do commerce you how spell? English the of meaning what's makan in? do pronounce you debe how? you tell me what can means di ticaret in English? repeat could that please you? mean does paying-in book what? well-off opposite what's the of? is dollar another word there for? ~ "| Match the questions in 1 with the answers. a. Yes, of course. I said I wanted to look at your dictionary. b IFyou'e well-off you've got a lot of money, but we say you're hard up when you don't have much money. Its C-O-double ME-R-C-E. 4 Ticaret means trade and dis means outside, so together it means export. € Temeans eat F We sometimes say buck, but it’ a bit informal. 8 h eI Anema We don't pronounce the &, its pronounced /det/. Basically, ics something you use to put money into a bank account, ow _) Write questions for the answers. 1 Whi 2 Topened an account with the HSBC, 2 How___? It’s £25 to send money overseas electronically. 3 Could Yes, the nearest cash point is on Oxford Road. 4 Have Here are ten 10p coins in change. 5 What 2 The current exchange rate is 105 rupees to one pound. om Negatives " Complete the sentences with the negative of the words in B. Use un-, in, im, ess, anti-, -free. 1 My brother has gone on another demonstration against the prime minister — he’s very 2 You've failed the course again ~ that's » nobody fails four times. 3. This course book is only £10 — that's quite for this book. 4 Look, read the label: it says this new currency calculator is guaranteed to be + nothing can go wrong with it 5 Its highly _that Jane will agree to giving you any more money ~ you didn't pay back the last money she gave you. 6 Poor Christine has lost all her money ~ she's 4 ~ Unit 2: MoneyWriting |) Read the letter to Ms Bates and answer the questions. 1 What is the student's overdraft limit? 2 What has the bank already done and what might the bank do later? oe © Read the reply to Mr Appleby and put the sentences in order. Tuesday 2nd April Dear Ms Bates ‘Thursday 4th April It has been brought to my attention a Dear Mr. ‘Appleby: ea iso sete your overdraft limit of L fs the soe was paid back immediately 1 would a Yery grateful if you would take As a result of this! have to inform you that of 25, Pek Be shetee you have been charged a further Se “ | With thanks Jing over your overdraft limit without - Te ees Saverce with your aecourd {11 went over my overdraft limit of £100 on Friday ae mmeent 4 had to pay for a taxi from the city | also have to inform you that if the amount pee eee ns iis i omich safer {snot paid back in full within five working es Senet days you wil be charged a further £25 {11 vas very disappointed o find that hal been SE ee tanta ket 1 Sharued £25 when I received your letter yesterday. és {J However, I paid back the amount on Monday as questio Soon as the bank was open in the hope that ‘Yours sincerely ‘would not be charged for exceeding my overdraft R Appleby r Thaw acee i Student accounts manager overdraft fini ie eee Ms Norma Bates oO ) Read the title and underline the key words. You had to pay your university course fees last week. Unfortunately you are still waiting for money to larwve in your new bank account from your home country. The university has written to you asking for immediate payment, saying they have charged you extra because of the delay. White a letter to the university. Explain what. has happened and tell them what you want to do about it = (© Write the letter, Use words, phrases and expressions from activity 2. oF Unit 2: Money 17 aReferring to numbers © Look at the charts and answer the questions. 1 Whar is the main reason for scudents working? 2 What is the least important reason for students working? 3 How could students save the most money? 4 What percentage of students think working affects their studies? Does employment have a bad eftect on studies? ‘Reasons wi students work ? oo C almost © Complete the sentences. Use the words in C. me 1 The of students needed to earn money for essential pas things. third 2 Juse 40% of students used the money from working to go out. 3 However, 60% of the students said they could save money by not going out. 4. Related to going out and meeting people, over one of students said they could save money on mobile phones. 5 At 18%, a of students ncither agreed nor disagreed that work affected their education. oe ) Summarise the information in the tables in activity 5 by selecting and reporting the main features and making comparisons where relevant. oe 18 Unit 2: MoneyVocabulary |) Complete the crossword and find the missing word. 1 The price that you must pay for a product or service (6) 2 2 Tatake money out of bank account (8) 3 To pur money into a bank (7) le r —) 4 25%, or half of a half (7) 5 An arrangement in which a bank looks . after your money (6) 6 An arrangement with a bank that allows you to spend more money than you have (9) 7 Acard which Jets you buy things and takes the money directly from your ‘current account (5, 4) 3 8 A machine that gives you money when you put in your personal number (4, 5) 70 9) A number that identifies a bank (4, 4) 10 Having no money at all (8) ~ Pronunciation © ransir chores Tena convert — withdraw |) Put the words in D into groups. re 1 0 bankrupt 2 0D account bakince purchase (@ © Listen and check your answers. = @ © Listen again and practise. Revise for IELTS Can you remember the test advice in Achiove IELTS? 1 How can recognising negative prefixes and suffixes help you in the reading and listening tests? 2 What do you receive marks for in writing test task 1? 3. How can giving reasons and opinions for the information in writing test task 1 affect your score?ransport Study skills: capitalisation 0 Iv is important to remember in your writing the words which begin with a capital letter in English. Match examples 1 - 10 with a ~ 1 the Mediterranean, the Pacific a_names of rivers 2 Chinese, Russian, Mongolian —_-b_names of countries 3 the Nile, the Danube ¢ acronyms (abbreviations) 4 the Hilkon, the Riz d island groups 5 Venezuela, Portugal € nationalities and languages 6 Bugis Street, Shaftesbury Avenue f mountains and mountain ranges 7 the USA, the PRC, the USSR. g_ names of hotels h i J 8 the Andes, Mount Everest names of cities 9 the West Indies, the Philippines 10 Sydney, London, New York ‘names of oceans and seas names of roads 5B Reading | IELTS tasks: general training modulo — yes / no / not given © Read the passage and write ... YES if the statement agrees with the information. NO if the statement contradicts the information. NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage. 1 The railcard gives you a 33% discount on any train journey. 2 Only students can apply for this raileard. 3 If you are over 26, you need an ISIC card to apply. 4 You can only use the card for one journey. 5 Rough Guide travel books are supplied with your railcard. 6 The card can be used on coaches and ferries. 7 You can get a railcard from the Students’ Union, 8 You cannot use the London Traveleard during the rush hour. 9 You can save more if you buy your ticket early. 10 Student telesales can find you the cheapest tickets, = 20 Unit 3: Transport.e SPECIAL =—— TUDENT = agit DISCOUNTS sas, MAEM ners Space = ae Do you know how to spend less on rail travel? ett ry Buy a Railcard! Save one third on most rail fares and you'll have more to spend on the important things in life. Do you qualify? You do if you're a student or aged 15 - 26. 01899017 ocr [198 ‘sty sg i psa 3 If-you are under 26 and applying for your first railcard, you'll need to take proof of age such as a birth certificate, driving licence or passport to your local train station or recognised travel agent, along with a passport photo and £20. Stations and agents accept cash, cheques, debit, credit and charge should receive your Young Person's Railcard within 14 days. rds oF postal orders. You If you're aged 26 or over, you'll need to provide proof that you're a full-time student at a recognised school or college. This has to be over 15 hours a week and for at least 20 weeks in the ‘year. You can either show an ISIC card or have the ‘Mature students only” section of the application form completed and certified by your institution. AL just £20 a year, a Young Person's Railcard can pay for itself in just one or two trips. On just bone ticket costing £64, for example, you could save £21.33, which more than pays for your rail card. Then you continue to make savings every time you use it Looking for inspiration? Wondering where to go and what to do? Check out Rough Guides travel books. With information on nine cities across Britain you'll be spoilt for choice Travel by rail, by road or by sea, Sail to the Isle of Wight, Eire or Northern Ireland, or visit the capital. Your railcard discount also applies to tickets which include the London Off-Peak Day Traveleard. That way you can travel around on tubes and buses too. You will find you can save a third on most ticket types all over Britain including the popular cheap day returns, saver and Supersaver fares. You can also use a Young Person's Railcard to buy tickets on many bus and ship links. Advice and information: you'll find that it’s worth booking your ticket for longer distance: journeys in advance, as this can help save even more money. Remember, if you need help making the right decision about your journey, just call student telesales on 01334 462345 or e-mail travel@studenttickets.com. We will give you timetable advice, try to get the best fare for you wherever you are going, issue your tickets and always make seat reservations for you at no additional charge. So, just call into your nearest station and take advantage of this opportunity while you can ~ then enjoy cheaper travel for a whole year Unit 3: Transport. 21A chairlife bus rrolley-bus steam train’ train funicular train underground train 22 Unit 3: Transport. IELTS tasks: matching; multiple-choice questions: Match the words in A with the pictures. Listen and number the pictures in the order you hear them mentioned. Listen again and choose A - D. 4 Travel cards can be used A onall types of public transport. B all over Hungary C for up to one month. D for railway and metro travel only. 5 The Houses of Parliament are A. next to the citadel B on the number two tram route. C across the river from the mai marke D not interesting to see. The Metro ope A in thee B during the night C to towns popular with cou D on suburban routes. 6 sts. or The funicular is A. more expensive than the chairlift. B cheaper going down the hill C opposite Castle Hill D used by skiers. The children’s railway A. is operated entirely by children. B goes to the look-out point goes through the town centre. D is 11 km long. A good public transport system A not be used in most cities B only be used in capital cities. C reduce traffic in the city centre, D cause congestion and pollution. oFLanguage study: comparatives and superlatives; past simple and past continuous Comparatives and superlatives 0 Complete the sentences with the comparative or superlative form of words in B. Although Mount Everest has the (1) peak in the world, it is not the (2) mountain. This is Mauna Kea in Hawai which measures 32,000 feet from base to tip, making it 2,965 feet @) than Mount Everest. Angel Falls in Venezuela drops 979 metres from Devil’s Mountain. This makes it the world’s (4) waterfall. However, the world’s (5) waterfall is Khone Falls, which stretches for 10.8 kilometres across the Mekong River, between Laos and Cambodia. oF 1B Write the sentences again using as ... as or not as ... as. You may need to change the adjective. Prague is smaller than Budapest. Budapest 2. Both Thailand and Vietnam are beautiful, Thailand 3 Temperatures in Bahrain and Dubai reached 42 degrees today. Bahrain . 4. Tasmania is further away from Singapore than New South Wales. New South Wales P 5. British Airways and Qantas are equally pleasant to fly with. Qumas oo ‘© Put the adjectives in C into groups. 1 more less + adjective 2. adjective + -er or ~est 3. irregular = 0 Choose an adjective from C and a word or phrase from D and write sentences. 1 bicycle / Ferrari A bicycle is much more economical than a Ferrari. A Ferrari is considerably more exciting than a bicycle. 2 tam / bus 3. Maglev / steam train 4 Shinkansen / Maglev =Past simple and past continuous G Complete the sentences with the past simple forms of the verbs in E. 1 The driver the ear into gear and from 0 «0 60 kph in under five seconds. Airbus __over twelve billion Euros in the A380, which they to construct in 2002. we It three years to finish the project ‘The students an ISIC card before they 10 India, 5 kt t00 much to go by sea, so 1 there instead. = 0 Complete the paragraph with the past siege or past continuous form of the verb in brackets. * Last Saturday the sun (1) ___ (shine), so 1 (2) (decide) to take the train w London, As it (3)____ (not rain), 1(4)___ (no take) my umbrella, and 1(5) (leave) my raincoat behind, too, Of course, by the time 1 (6) (arrive) ac Waterloo station, it (7) (pour) down! I (8) (get) off the train, but I (9) (not leave) the station because 1(10)__(not want) to get wet. A lot of other people ay (do) the same thing, when suddenly we (12) (hear) an announcement: ‘Passengers are informed that all trains will be cancelled this afternoon due to a strike by rail operators. ‘We apologise for the inconvenience.’ Everybody (13) (groan). After a while, the rain (14) (stop) and the sun (1s) (come) out again, but | (16) (not know) what to do next. Then I (17) (see) Ali. What a relief! He (18)__(stand) by the ticker office, so 1 (19) (run) actoss. He (20) (invite) me to stay at his flat, which is quite near the station. We (21) __ (have) a lovely day, and. fortunately the trains (22) (cun) normally the next day, so 1(23)__(ger) home without any more problems. © Complete the questions for the writer of the paragraph in activity 2. Use you. 1 Why London? Why did you go to London? 2 Why umbrella and raincoat? 3 Which station ae 4 Why the station? 5 What other people 6 Where Ali 7 normally next day 8 any more problems? oFWriting Ts ass jar camara and coast (0 Put the words and phrases in F into groups. 1 compare 2 contrast = B Look at tables A and B and answer the questions. 1 What percentage of people have no money to buy a car? 2 What percentage of people fee! that public transport is better for the environment? 3 What percentage of people own a car because it gives them more status? © Complete the passage with expressions from activity 1. The tables show reasons why people own a car or travel by public transport. White a repart for @ university lecturer describing the information in the tables. = The first table show reasons why some people prefer to drive (1)__. the second table shows reasons why others regularly travel by public transport. ‘The two most popular reasons for owning a car are freedom and independence, ‘with 29% stating this This percentage is (2) {for those who enjoy driving, (3) __. the majority of people who use public transport do so ‘because owning a car is too expensive for them. 36% of people say this. (4) 5% of those in the survey state that they have nat passed the diving test. For these two groups. is not a matter of chore. (5) __. 20% of those who travel on pubic transport do so because they have concerns ‘about the effect that cars have on the environment, s0 this group choose not to -dawe whether or not they can. 185% of drivers feel that they need to have a car because they have children. ‘Another practical reason for driving i that it saves time, and 165% said this (6) ___..8% said that they drive a car because it gives them a higher position in society. even though they may not need to drive. Of the remainder who travel by public transport, 128 say they dsike driving (7) _______ 7% who feel that driving is too dangerous, ‘On the whole, it seems that most people would prefer to own a car ifthey could, (8) _____a minority make a conscious choice to use pubic transport 0 Write the essay. Tables C and O show the reasons why people travel to work by bicycle or by car ‘Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. White at least: 150 words. = [Aisiatoet tat seiea se Freedom and independance 2% Enjoy driving 29% ‘Need it for the children 18% Saves time NG%Vocabulary © Put the words in G into groups. 1 airtravel 2. rl travel = B Complete the sentences with some of the words and phrases from 1. 1 The Airbus A380 has a massive of around 80 metres 2 The passengers were asked to wait in the airport before going to the check-in. 3 Passengers are requested to stand behind the until a counter is available, 4 The pilot and co-pilot climbed into the of the fighter plane, 5 Ifyou have a you can get a discount on all your tickets for a year. 6 The train had eight . four of which were first-class only. 7 There are 104 seats situated in the plane’s f 8 Atthe « they took his ticker and issued him with a which he had ro present co the when he boarded the plane. 9A high-speed railway runs from Paris to Lyon. 10 The train now waiting at 5 is the ewo twenty-cight to Hastings. BB Pronunciation G D0 Listen to the recording and put the words into groups according to the final sound. I eravelled 5 boarded «9 wished 13 worked 17 recorded 2 invited 6 dropped 10 sailed 14 mended 18 invested 3 dimbed 7 missed 11 carried 15 entered 19 listened 4 arrived 8 picked 12 performed 16 produced 20 tested 1 final sound /e/ 2 final sound /d/ 3. final sound /nd/ => B The sounds /. /m/. /v/. /4/. /i:/. /v/ are voiced: there is a vibration in your voice when you say them. The sounds /p/, /s/, /k/, /{/ are unvoiced: there is no vibration. Complete the rule for pronunciation of regular past tense endings. When the final consonant of the verb is: 1 voiced, the ending is pronounced 2 unvoiced, the ending is pronounced £ 3. tf or Idi, the ending is pronounced “ a Revise for IELTS Can you remember the test advice in Achieve IELTS? 1 Whar is language repair? 2 How do we organise essays that compare and contrast information (two ways)? or Unit 3: TransportInnovation Study skills: keeping vocabulary O Label the pictures. Use the words in A. © Answer the questions. au Which way of keeping vocabulary is organised ... A alphabetically? C by date? B thematically? D by word class? ‘Which way of keeping vocabulary is done ... A with ais? B witha mind map? C_ with pictures? Which information do you need about new words? A word class (noun / verb / adjective / adverb) B definition C translation D example E. pronunciation F collocations (words that often go together) How do you practise new words? A test yourself B_ use new words in conversations C_ ask a friend to test you How many new words do you learn a week? Which things in 1 — 5 do you do? = Unie 4: novation = a7() Read the passage and label the pictures with the names of the robots. oo © Read the passage and choose A - C. 1 Which robot is on wheels? A Scorpion B Spirit C Robot V 2 Which creature is not mentioned in the passage? A spider B cat C moth 3. Which robot has not got six legs? ‘A Whegs2™ B RoborV C 4 Where was Scorpion developed? A the United States. B Great Britain. C Germany 5. ‘The passage is taken from a... A catalogue. B_ magazine article. C_ prospectus. Scorpion © Classify the following descriptions as referring to ... S- Scorpion © Opportunity R Robot V W Whegs 2™ E. Entomopter o You may use any answer more than once. 1 can fly. 2 ds it difficult to deal with obstructions. is equipped with a reflex action performs some tasks better than animals, requires maximum supervision. can sense danger by using antennae, ___ uses up a lor of energy. currently used on space missions. 9 has similar control systems to a number of different animals. 10 moves in a similar way to a cockroach. ul has the ability to move underground. 12____ risks technological problems due its complex design. 3 tends to follow instructions slowly. oe 28 Unit 4: Innovation‘in movies, giant alien insects invade Earth, destroying cities and buildings. Now we humans are hoping to send insect-ike robots to investigate the surface of Mars. These ‘biomimetic’ robots that can walk, climb and fly lke ‘wal creatures are already under development — and some can almast think lke them. Such designs promise to be stronger and more productive than the wheeled vehicles such as NASA's Mars robots Spirit and Opportunity Wheeled robots only work when the ground is flat and firm, Opportunity has only just freed itself after @ month stuck on a 30-centimetre mound of sand. Giving robots the ability to walk lke insects with legs makes them far more energetic, allowing them to cope with large obstacles and sandy surfaces. A silegged walker inspired by the Death’s Head cockroach has been builtin the United States. It is called Aobot Vand is twenty times the size ofthe real-life insect. It was designed to allow the study of legged ‘ocomotion aver uneven surtaces. But Robot V, like most walker designs, has a major problem: itis extremely ‘complicated. Its legs have up to five segments, each one operated by its own artificial pneumatic muscle chiven ‘by compressed air. This means it uses a lot of power and has a large number of components that could fail. So the laboratory tearm developed a design that combines the power of wheels with the agility of legs. The result is Whegs 2™, a robot with six wheel-leg hybrids or‘whegs’ Each wheg consists of @ central whee! attached to ‘an axle from which three flexible legs stick out, each with its own gripped foot. As the axle tums the wheel, the legs spin round and make contact with the ground. Ths allows a single motor to drive all six whegs. This keeps its weight and complenity down. The robot can run fast and climb over obstacles like a cockroach, Two forward- facing antennae also allow it to sense whether an object is best avoided, climbed over or tunnelled unde. Conventional robots have other problems too. Spirit and Opportunity, for example, are remotely controlled from Earth, which involves a wait of up to forty minutes after each command is sent. The hope is therefore to design autonomous explorers that can do some thinking for themselves. With complex six-legged walkers, the task of ‘programming the precisely timed pattern of leg movements is impossibly complicated. So researchers have been turning to biologically inspired control methods. ‘Scorpion is an eight-legged walker being developed in Germany. In animals, groups of neurons called central pattem generators control the rhythmic signal that controls the motors operating in each joint in the leg Scompion s also equipped with sensors to detect the tit ofits body and the position af every jaint on each foot The information is fed back into the circuits to keep the robot walking smoothly over uneven ground. The software adapts to keep the robot steady over rocks or fine sand. I its sensors feel Scorpion starting to lose its balance, they rapidly trigger a pre-programmed ‘reflex action’ to stabilize it The team has studied the control systems of a wide range of animals, from cats to stick insect, in order to find the most interesting mechanisms 10 use for robot movement. One thing Scorpion can cone with better than real animals is that when it senses it hs fallen over on to its back, the les invert themselves, allowing it to carry on walking upside down, Ateam at the Georgia Tech Research Institute have gone one better than even the most energetic walking robot. It has developed an insect-like flying machine, The robot, inspired by the hawk moth, is called the Entomopter. It is designed to fly slowly over Martian surfaces, haver and land on promising spots. Launched from a base station, it can fly off to map the surrounding area, then periodically return to refuel and download data. Unit 4: Innovation30 control depth downloading flat theatre Video games side and back i taking place wireless Unit 4: Innovation o B (Listen to an interview about home entertainment in the future and classify the following descriptions as referring to ... L Lenticular screens. P Patio screens. H Hologram 3-D screens. You may use any answer more than once. cause headaches. 2 can be transported out of the home 3 enable two people to watch different programmes simultancously. contain a DVD player. 5 give the impression of floating in air. 6 are simple to produce Oo Listen again and complete the passage with the words in B. THE FUTURE OF HOME ENTERTAINMENT New technologies are changing the way we use media, and the home of the future wil be like a personal (1) The process of (2) will become easier due to high-speed broadband giving us more choice and (3)__over what and when we view. Studios will eventually release films, songs and (4) directly to the consumer, There will be changes in how we watch too. -D sereens will replace (5)_sereens, This added dimension will enable us to see into the image itself because the hologram screen contains (6) We will be able to see the action from holographic films as i (7) in front of us, To see 3-0 each eye needs to see a differant (@) With ¢ holographic image we can walk ‘around it partly and se (9) views. With patio screens we can take them into the garden as their connection is (10) o Pronunciation () Read the phrases and decide which words are linked. here to tell us more you can even walk part of the way when we talk about dimensions = © Listen and practise.Language study: passive and active forms 0) Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets. 1 2 Robots which can walk, climb or fly ___ (call) biomimetic robots. With hologram TVs, holographic images (send) into our homes and we (experience) all the action as ifis taking place right in our own living rooms, ‘The entomopter robot _ (develop) by scientists currently. Artists use holography to make pictures which _ (show) in galleries around the world. Last year, scientists in Japan (develop) a companion robot which (design) to help old people function at home while their children are at work. As technology (grow) we will sce the introduction of holographic television. o~ © Rewrite the sentences so the meaning is the same. 1 Today, record companies release songs directly to the consumer. Songs : Studios produce 31 million hours of new TV shows each year. 31 million hours - You can place projection screens throughout the house. Projection screens A digital noryeling projec was developed by a rclevsion company lat yea. A television company ‘The project encourages children to make their own documentaries online. Children oe ©) Make questions from the statements with the words in brackets. 2 3 (What / change / new technologies) What is being changed by new technologies? New technologies are changing the way we use television. (Who / the World Wide Web / invent) ‘The World Wide Web was invented by Tom Berners-Lee. (Who / give / more control and choice) New technology gives individuals more control and choice. (What / made / slimmer and lighter) ‘Television screens are being made slimmer and lighter. (Who / give / us mote and more choice of programmes) Television companies are giving us more choice of programmes. ~- Unit 4: Innovation 1 4© 2100% reflective minor = \/\/riting ‘goes at the other 3 ‘contains two gases Rope | ELT este: task 1 = deserting a process: tging: seauencing the fully reflective mirror makes all of the light {) Complete the passage. Use the phrases in C. bounce off it turning iron forth berween the two mitrors LASERS Lasers are very simple tools. especially the lasers which are used t9 make most holograms. A laser is made up of a very thin glass tube, about the size of a drinking straw and (1) ~ helium and neon. The laser is called a helium-neon laser, The first stage of the process involves connecting the laser to a source of electricity and (2) Following this, electricity passes through this gas and (3) In order to get the laser beam out of this tube, two mirrors are placed at both ends of the tube: ‘one partially reflective mirror is placed at one end and (4) ‘The result is that light begins to bounce back and (5) partially reflective mirror lets some of the light pass through and he (a Finally, the light that passes through comes out as the laser beam. o © Underline the passive structures and words and phrases for purpose and sequence in the passage in 1. of P ee © Read the question and underline the important words. is constirured of The diagram shows how a GD television system works. Summarise eventually the information by selecting and reporting the main features and next ‘making comparisons where relevant. You should write at least so that 150 words = O Complete the passage. Use the words and phrases in D. The diagram shows a television system which can display 3-D pictures to people siting in different parts of a room.The system (1) cameras, a screen and a fiter which capture a progression of different Viewpoints and spread them out into the room with the left view directed to the viewer's left and the right view directed to the right. (2) isto place two TV cameras wider than the human eye to capture left and Fight views. (3) imaging processing software compares the two images and eight viewpoints are generated that range from the extreme left view to the extreme night.The views are (4) displayed on a television screen. Following this,2 fier is fitted to the front of the screen in ‘order to deflect the light from the different sices and! spread them out in ferent directions. It then sends the left image to the left eye and the right image to the right eye (5) the viewer's eyes see slightly different viewpoints wherever they sit (6) a3-Deffect is created from a wide range of wewing angles. 32 Unit: 4: Innovation© Read the passage and underline ... the overview or general statement about the process. 2. a description of components of the process. 3. a description of the process 4. words and phrases for purpose and sequencing 5 passive structures. o © Look at the pictures and write about the process using sentences 1 - 6. 1 podcast = sound recording on Internet 2 need: microphone / computer / sound recording programme / internet connection / MP3 player 3 microphone put into computer, your programme recorded via sound recording program 4 compute conneced to Ime, and file uploaded to podcasting website to listen to programme, computer connected to podcast website through Incernet sound file downloaded to computer, sound file transferred to MP3 player ow a Vocabulary © crysallise adape © Put the words in E into groups. 1 related to equipment 2 related to change 3 related co size [> Revise for IELTS Can you remember the test: advice in Achieve IELTS? 1 Whar kind of statement should you make at the beginning of a description of a process? 2 Is ita good idea to rephrase the ttle ofa diagram using your own words? 3. Should each stage of the process be described in detail or briefly? 4. What kind of language and structures should a description of a process contain? or ceva etaity life Study skills: speed reading @ Tick the advice you think will help improve your reading speed. 1 Read titles and headings, and look at any pictures before) reading, 2 Speak the words in your mind as you read. oO 3 Read groups of words rather than single words. oO 4 Practise with easy texts at first. Oo 5 Set aside 15 minutes a day for reading practice. oO 6 Dont worry if you can't understand what you read. oO 7 Time yourself. oO 8 ‘Test your comprehension ~ how much can you gd remember about the text? 9 Use the dictionary — don't guess the meaning. oOo 10 Pay attention to the first and final sentences of a oO paragraph. = B The reading passage is approximately 500 words long. Read it and time yourself, then return to this page and answer the questions without looking at the passage again. Your target is 2 minutes 30 seconds, and at least seven correct answers. 1 Where is Milton Keynes? 2 How is the road system different from other English cities? 3 What does the letter ‘H’ mean in the names of roads? 4 Whar was the town of Middleton called before it changed its 5 What was first made in Bletchley Park? 6 What happened to Bletchley Park? 7 What is in the town centre? 8 What are Redway? 9 What are the lakes used for? 10 Where are the Ave Walks? = 34 Unit 5: City lifeA pa 2000 reese fad 7 ee 1 south less hess siders consider it to be a ete jungle. tts certainly very ciflerent from other cities in Englane 6 most of which ha jal road system Milton Keynes’ roads were planned on a grid system similar to those in cities in the USA The roads cnss-cross at intervals of approximately | km, enclosing 100 grid squares, each of which contains a separate 18 where H is horizontal (east / west) an south). tis also famous for its many roundabouts ~ on one ra the A42i, there are 12 in the space of 10 km. ads have letters and numbers ~ "Ha" or'V7 Vs vertical (north "a a sept cr tears Desa nec evs fay Sobor wih Be narore open pelt sats ne grid roads and ges or underpasses where the roads intersect. ‘and road scheme. it also has some very beautiful parks and woodland. Floodwater from the Gi ampbell Park, which is heart of the city it is even possible 1o see sheep grazing at certain times of the year There are Art he parks, where visitors can see a variety of sculptures Taking all of this into account, the people who Ive in Milton Keynes fiercely defend it as an ideal place to live. despite the fact that it has a poor image in the fest of the country sat Ouse River » Although Milton Keynes is most famous for its built environment * to create lakes which the residents use for fishing and water sports. ln Une 5: ceyite os llReading | IELTS tasks: yoo /na / not given; sentence completion Bb Finis swore the Fencing jeaaege of page 35 for defn 1 a style of building P 2 without personality or interest s 3 arranged in circles t 4 arranged in squares g 5 with a roof made of plant material t ' P t £ s 6 to go back to an original state 7 people who walk between places 8 a kind of road covering 9 something used to make lakes 10 a three-dimensional work of art B Read the passage again and write ... YES if the statement agrees with the information. NO if the statement contradicts the information. NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage. Milton Keynes is not really a city. ‘The road plan was based on an American city. Some of the buildings are better designed than others. ‘Communities ate contained between the roads. Middleton is outside Milton Keynes. People in the rest of the UK think Milton Keynes has a good reputation, oF © Complete the sentences with no more than three words from the passage. 1 The shops and amenities are situated along 2. The Redways are used for walking, cycling and 3 Redway users can avoid crossing roads by using 4, Farmers sometimes use for their sheep. = AusuneLanguage study: passive sentences; describing changes Passive sentences 0 Complete the rules. Use the words in A. In a passive sentence, the (1) have to mention the (2) _ ____ becomes the subject. You don't always if it is obvious or unimportant: never end a passive sentence with by chem. (3)___verbs can’t be used in a passive sentence because they don’t take an (4) verb to be and the past (5) ae To form the passive, use the B Make the sentences passive when this is possible. 1 They buile Shanghai on the Yangtze Delta, 2 It has become one of the busiest ports in the world. 3. They built a wall around Shanghai in 1544 4 The population of the city exploded in the 1930s. 5 Many buil the Zhong Shan road. 6 The government took away 87% of the local revenue. 7. This has led co rapid industrial and economic expansion. 8 The Chinese are planning 11 new underground railway lines => Describing changes Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. South Australia and its capital city surrounding areas (7) (visit) by South Australia (1) (declare) a large numbers of tourists, who come 10 State on 28th December 1836. sample the wine in the Barossa Valley. These ‘The capital city of South Australia vineyards (8) ___ (plant) by (2)___ (know) as Adelaide, which German settlers in the 1830s, when they left 3) ___ (name) after the wife of their homeland because of religious King William IV. Adelaide persecution, Future plans for Adelaide (4)___ (design) by Colonel include the expansion of the Monarto 200, ‘William Light. Ie (5) where habitats for African and Australian (surround) by parkland, and the city animals (9) (develop) at (6) _____ (divide) into twelve squares present, and in a few years’ time, a by nine thoroughfares. Adelaide and the conservation area (10) ___ (add), » Unit 5: City liteListening ee Pre re is] @ Gi Listen to a lecture on Barcelona and its architecture, and number the pictures in the order they are mentioned. => © B Listen again and circle A - C. 1 Most people in Barcelona 5 The ground floor of the Plaga speak Reial is A one language A aconcert hall. B two languages B a shopping arcade C three languages. C for cating and drinking, 2 Avenida Meridiana runs .... 6 The ground floor of Guell A diagonally across the ci B to the edge of the water A brick C around the cit B_ marble. 3. The Carthaginians came C mosaic. from . 7 Guell Park has A Rome. A. two houses B Spain. B fifty houses. C North Africa. C no houses. 4. The Plaga Reial was built. 8 ‘The completion date for la in Sagrada Familia A 1992, A was 1882. B the 19th century. B will be 2041 C the 13th century. C was 2004, om © Complete the summary with the words in B. Barcelona is on the (1) of Spain. The roads in the city are laid out in a (2) pattern, enclosed by a 3) toad. Many regard it as the (4) centre of Spain, There are many fine pieces of (5) in Bareelona, Four examples are: the (6) a large square surrounded by (7) buildings; the (8) , which even has a staircase for (9) (10) which was designed as a (11) _ and (12) a magnificent (13) which is still not(14)__. Three of these examples were designed by (5) = 38 Unit 5: City lifeWriting | LTS tasks: desening changes in acy @ Make sentences to describe the early development of ‘Sydney. 1 40,000 years ago / Australia / inhabit / aborigines 2. 1770 Botany Bay / discover / James Cook 3 1822 Sydney / have / banks, markets, roads and police 4 1840 transportation of convicts / end population / around 30,000 5 1852 Sydney / officially / become / city 6 1848 — 1855 first railway / construct Join the sentences using the words and phrases inc. = 8 Write the essay. ‘Summarize the information about the more recent development of | Sydney by selecting and reporting the main features, and making | comparisons where relevant. White at least 150 words | 1923-1932 __ ney Harbour bridge / constructed “1961 Sydney Opera House / designed / opened / 1973 1975 population / grew 3,000,000 1993, Sydney / awarded the right ro hold the 2000 Olympics 1996 construction of Olympic Stadium / started = 2000 7) Olympic Games / held in Sydney present 3 universities, 2 museums, population 4,000,000 present future Snapper Island and Woolwich docks / redeveloped for mmerce and tourism Unit 5: City lite 33 AVocabulary (0 Complete the words and phrases. 1 Cars must stop when the _r__f__ __g__s are red. 2.A place where roads meet can be called an i a) 3A person renting a house or an r_m__tisat__a 4 Luxury flats may have __¢__t__ such as a swimming pool or gym 5 In Manhattan, when you go north it's called u 0 _n and south is d_w___w_ 6 The city of Patis is situated on the _a_ ks of the River Seine. 7 Barcelona is famous for its post-modernist _r___te__u__ 8 Shanghai is _o __t_d_ on the east coast of Chin 9 The London Eye has become a famous |_n__a__ for people in that city 10 You will need to give at least one month’s _o__c_ if you want to leave your rented flat oOo Pronunciation GD O Listen to the recording. Between which words do you hear /w/ or /i/? Write the sound, or No, Examples: My brother lives in Germany. _No Lowe you.a visit. Gifu! 1 Goand tell him to come here. —_ 2 Her family come from Boston. =! 3 Whoare you? 4 Where is the umbrella? —_ 5 I like to visit other cities 6 He's moved to another town. 7 Los Angeles means ‘the angels’ —=, 8 Clear skies over Melbourne. — = Revise for IELTS Can you remember the test advice in Achieve IELTS? In che listening test ... 1 what order do the questions appear in? 2. what should you do if you miss an answer? 3. when should you read the questions? or 40 Unit 5: City lifeLanguage Study skills: grammar notebooks In this unit you wil practise: ‘Study skills grammar © You may find it helpful to write down in a notebook which areas of ae grammar you are learning. Read the different ways you can record Reading _— multiple-choice Grammar in @ notebook. questions; 1 Make notes about what you know about the grammar using your own ‘summary thoughts and personal experience. . completion 2 Write example sentences. Listening _ table completion; 3 Use headings ‘matching; 4) Make the grammar memorable: use colour, underlining or illustrations. oes merored 5. Leave space in your notebook so you can add new ideas later. SEaOO. ey cca! Ereinion: 6 Use examples from grammar books oe oon 7 Make a note of anything you do not understand. ee Pirens serpe @ Read the student's grammar notebook. Which ways has the student used? Future Continuous Form will be + present participle will be learning Meaning. An action that will be in progress at a particular time in the Future Use By 2015, 2 million people will be learning English. Z hope I'l be studying business administration at University this time next year. NB: Future continuous is often used with phrases like ‘by’; and ‘this time next year’. Problem! “Not sure about the difference in use between Future continuous and future simple: ¢.g. Can future continuous describe ‘intentions’ as well as future activities or events? © Answer the questions. 1 Which methods do you already use to record grammar? 2 Which would you like to ery in future? Unit 6: Language aReading |TELTS tasks: tultipecticcs questions; summary completion 10 Do the quiz. How much do you know about world English? Try this quiz and find out. @ Where is Singlish spoken? © What percentage of the A. South Africa Internet is in English? B_ Singapore A 50% B 60% C 70% ee © If you google, you @ The word handy means mobile A. want to find information. Phone in ... B write something down. A Malaysia, —_ C laugh loudly. 8. Germany, @ A cyberskiver describes Ge someone who ... © Which areas of language may A. avoids doing work. become simplified in future? B_ is often absent from work. A. question tags C tends to arrive at work B articles ates © evens vas © Which word does not relate © How many languages are to the topic of represented on the Internet? Noanhinkeaidone A’ 500 A bog B 1,000 B zorse © 1,500 © eclancer @ Read the passage and check your answers. oe © Complete the summary. Use no more than two words from the passage. One important question facing English is whether it will remain as one language or whether it will evolve into a collection of different (1) In the past most languages have (2) at some point, just as Latin evolved into languages including French, Spanish and Italian, Present day researchers such as Dr Jennifer Jenkins argue that as English becomes an increasingly global language, we need to reconsider the concept of (3) « She predicts that features such as (4)____ sounds and words as well as non-standard grammatical forms and (5)___ will be incorporated into Standard English in future = Unit 6: LanguageTHE FUTURE OF ENGLISH One ofthe many predictions about the future of English is thot the language as we ‘know it will be spoken only by a minority of English speakers. Other Englishes ave bring formed all the time. Singlish in Singapore isa good example. English was used in Singapore for ahurwed and filty years and when it became independent a 1958, Singapore made it the oficial language of business and government, party because English united the diverse population of Chinese, Melays and Indians and partly because of ts commercial end financial importance. But alongside official English you often hear Singlish which continues to grow and develop. Some scholars believe that Sings indicates the way in which future Englishes will develop. In so many ways it fits the trations of the people of Singagare much ‘better than official English and could threaten to replace it Some words clearly come from English, for example, blur (confused). But others come from Malay and Hokkien. Words such a makan (to eal). Some of these words ‘are now being used as part of Singapore Standard English and they will change it great, Marking plurals and past tenses is a matter of choice and so you get Phrases like What happen yesterday? The verb t0 be can be optional. She so prety A similar thing is happening in South Africa where local words now sit alongside Standard English, indicating total acceptance and signaling the birth of another ‘new English. Increasingly even in Europe there is an acceptance of different Englishes. Everything does not have to be putin ‘corect’ English. The Germans use hhandy for a mobile phone and on a Lufthanse fight you wil be told to turn your hhandies off. The more English spreads, the more it dvecsifies, the more it could tend toward fragmentation Just as Latin, which once ruled over a great linguistic epi split into French, Italian, Spanish. Portuguese and Romanian, so may the future of English be not as a single language but as 2 parent of a family of languages, Noah Webster priced this 200 years ago. Although he thought it would happen in his native Ametica, the reasons he gave apply tothe condition of English around the world today. He wrote, ‘New associations of pecple and new combinations of idaas in arts and science wil introduce new words into the American tongue. These causes will produce, in time, a language in North America, as ditferent from the future language of England as the Modem Dutch, Danish and Swedish are from the German, or from one another’ Webster's North America 200 years ago could now be referred to as ‘the world today’ Some researchers believe thatthe future of English willbe shaped by people who speak English as an aditional language ~ those who vastly outnumber the ‘core’ speakers. Dr Jennifer Jenkins has pointed out that whereas the traditional English tale about something or discuss something, almost all English as a second language Speakers discuss about something. She believes that phrases like this ae here to stay and will spread into Standard English a, she believes, will the tag How can say? and many others. Perhaps even words we consider mispronounced will tke ther place inthe Oxford English Dictionery in Korea and Taiwan and elsewhere, for instance, a products @ produk What odds produ will replace product as Asian wealth grows? And the complicated English tag system, have you? haven't you? could you?, couldn't you? ~ will most Vkely be simplified, Professor David Crystal thinks. He thinks that nesspa from the French mest ce pas or isn't 1f could replace al of them The Internet took off in English and although there are now 1.500 languages on the Internet. 70 per cent ofits stl in English. Aad a new form of English has now appeared ~ text English. Ths is yet another English and totally comprehensible {0 its users and therefore influential on the future of the language. ave yowis naw more commonly the text, jv w On Valentine's Day in 2003, in the UK. about 70,000,000 text messages were sent. five times the number of Valentine cards ilovorules. Here isa word recently accepted by the OED, bog, a personal diary type statement placed onthe Internet, and the following words may be included inthe dictionary in future ‘009: to search for information on the web, particularly by using the Google search engine; ta search the web for ‘information related to a new or potential girifriend or boyfriend. ‘yberstiver person who surfs the Internet while supposedly being at work e-fancer:a freelance worker who communicates with clients thraugh a personal computer Unit 6: Language 43 >Listening | TELTS tase: table completion; matching: mune matching Ga O Listen to an interview and number the topics in the order you hear them. A. Popularity of the Thesaurus today B_ Rogers age when he wrote the Thesaurus Roger’ background D Roger’s interests as E. Why Roget wanted to write che Thesaurus - B Match A - D with dates 1 - 4, A. Invention of the crossword 1 1814 B Invention of the slide rule 2 1913 C Development of the cine camera prototype 3 1852 D Publication of the first edition of the Thesaurus 4 1824 => a & Listen again and complete the table. ‘Number of editions (1) Copies sold (2) rillion ‘The word Thesaurus’ means (3) The invention of the (10)__led to an. increase in sales of the Thesaurus Pronunciation © Read the phrases and underline words linked with /r/. the future of English New Englishes are appearing core speakers key grammar areas (@E A Listen and check your answers. = GE & Listen again and practise.Writing IELTS tasks: general training module, task 1 0 Read the writing task and underline the key words. You have recently completed @ short course. The course tutor has ‘asked you for suggestions on how the course can be improved in future. White a letter to the course tutor. In your letter * thank him / her for the course; * Say what you enjoyed most about it and why; * and suggest how the course can be improved. © Decide which aspects of the course the writer mentions. Read the letter and circle three letters A - F A content D cost B length E_ materials used C number of participants F location © Put the words in A into groups. A cnormousl; 1 thank someone: warmly 2 enjoy /'like something 3 suggest / think something nee setiously © Complete the letter with the words in A. sincerely Dear Rachel Jeffs | am writing to thank you (1)___for the recent Writing Skills course you ran. | attended ‘every session and enjoyed it (2) ‘ | liked the work on dictionary skills (3) and found it particularly useful. | even learned how to use a Thesaurus which has helped me improve my assignment writing. The course has even had a positive effect on my speaking skills as | am now using a wider range of vocabulary in tutorials. However, you will remember that there were too many students in the class. ! would (4) like to suggest that there should be a limit on the number of students per class. Furthermore, as many students intend to apply for summer jobs before the start of the new academic year | (5) think there should be some focus on writing cover letters and CVs too. hope you find these suggestions useful. Once again | would like to thank you (6) for ‘such an enjoyable and helpful course. Best wishes, Emiko G Write a letter about a different course. Write at least 150 words. Unit 6: Language 45 4Unit 6: Language Language study: phrasal verbs; future forms Phrasal verbs Match the phrasal verbs with the meanings in B. 1 come across 4 hold on 2. grow up 5 go.up 3. getover 6 die out oe Complete the sentences using the correct form of the phrasal eon a 1 Roget ina French community in London. 2 Sales of the Thesaurus after the invention of the crossword puzzle in 1913. 3 Interest in the Thesaurus is unlikely to y 4. The Thesaurus is thematic so you can words you had ‘not thought of before. 5. During his life Roger to the belief that as many people as possible should be happy. 6 Roget established a clinic to care for patients who operations. = Future forms ©) Choose the correct verb to complete the sentences. For some sentences, both verbs may be correct. 1 According to figures from the English Speaking Council, in the next ten years, two billion people are going to / will study English. 2. Ivis predicted that the number of non-native speakers of English will are about to outnumber native speakers by four to one in the next decade. 3 Next year, all school children in Trinidad are going to / are about to learn Spanish as a second language. 4. The department will /is going to release the results of the English exam next week. 5. Bernas decided she is going to / is about to keep a grammar notebook to improve her grammar. 6 A: Can you answer the phone? I'm busy at the moment. B: Sorry, I can't. | will / ‘m about to go out. =Vocabulary 0 Complete the passage. Use the words in C. In his latest book, Bill Bryson has written about English, his ‘Mother (1) x ‘and that’s the ttle of the book. Bryson ‘explores the development of English as a Q) language. (He discovers that more people are learning English in China than live in the USA.) And he explains how common (3) ___like ‘shampoo’, “sofa” and others taken from over 50 different 4) came into English. He also Jooks at definitions of words and how the major (5)_were ereated. In this fascinating and informative book, Bryson looks at the many (6) of English — from American to (7)____, from Creole to the (8) ___ English spoken by newsreaders. And he examines swords like * and “cobber’. This book is a delightful and amusing (11) of the state of our language. Revise for IELTS Can you remember the test advice in Achieve IELTS? 1. Which four phrases can you use if you need time to think during the speaking test? 2 Should you ask the examiner for their opinion during the discussion phase? 3. Who should do most of the talking during the discussion phase? 4 Will the examiner give a personal opinion about a topic? oxrime {In this unit you will practise: Study skills collocation (1) Reading Wo] i i i ‘create break and order violent i officer station ticket space 48 Unit. 7: Crime Study skills: collocation (1) In English many words go together naturally to form collocations, or words that appear together, for example commit a crime. When you find a collocation ... 1 check with your dictionary and note if the word is a noun, adjective or verb, 2 it in your vocabulary notebook with the main word. 3 remember it and try to use it in your writing and speaking. © Match words in A with words in B to make collocations. solve a crime parking meter oO Reading (0 Read the passage and choose four summaries from 1-6. There are two extra summaries. The fall in crime rates in the USA can be explained in part by better ways of catching criminals like DNA profiling. not accepting even small criminal acts. the police being more involved in the community. police officers catching criminals quicker. more people being put in jail. society getting older. po ausone Read the passage again and choose A - C. 1 Property crimes ... ‘A are higher than in Scandinavia. B are the lowest since 1980. have fallen by a fifth 2. Zero tolerance A is the main reason for the fall in crime. B_ moves the focus of police work to minor crimes. C is only in New York.3 Community policing ... A has three advantages B_ means the police know the local community better. C needs the reorganisation of the police force. 4. As more people are sent to prison A more prisons are built. B_crime is decreasing, C_ crime has soared. 5. The murder rate is falling due to ‘A. more interesting television programmes. B easier divorce. C. better protection at home. 5 The United States’ falling crime rate For the past six years, crime rates have been falling all over America. Violent crime fell by 5% in all, and by slightly more in cities with over 250,000 people. Property erimes have fallen, 100, by more than 20%, so that the rates for burglary and eat-theft are lower in America than they are in supposedly more law-abiding Britain and Scandinavia. Why this has happened is anyone's guess. The mayor of New York cites his policy of zero folerance: if small crimes lead to bigger crimes, stop the small crimes quickly and the worse crimes will not happen. But is this the main reason why crime has fallen? It seems unlikely. Zero tolerance can be a distraction, making too many policemen spend too much time handing out littering tickets and parking fines while, some streets away, serious crimes are being committed. It is local, too: lower Manhattan may be erime-free while other parts of the city have a high incidence of crime, New York's ex-police commissioner has a different explanation for the fall in erime. It came about mostly because he reorganised the police department: giving his officers better guns, letting them take more decisions for themselves, and moving them away from desk jobs and out into the streets. The commissioner made his precinet commanders personally responsible for reducing crime on their own beats. In most cities, reongat ‘of the police force has been accompanied by an increase in the number of policemen and community policing. This means encouraging officers to get out from bbchind their desks and on to the street. Community policing has two clear advantages. A strong: police presence can stop crime, or get officers quickly to a crime scene; and the police themselves zet to know their area well enough to prevent crimes, not just pursue the criminals, In some cities, community policing is taken so seriously that it has turned into something like social work. In. Boston this includes co-operation between officers and civilians to clean off graffiti, run youth clubs, provide tutoring and counselling services and keep an eye open for triants. Another possible reason for the fall in crime rates is much simpler. It is fact that erime rates have dropped as the imprisonment rate has soared. Because more people are being sent to prison, it is claimed, crime rates are falling. Each of these new changes in law-enforcement has made some difference. Yer it seems probable that the factors that have really brought the crime rates down have little to do with policemen or Politicians, and more to do with cycles that are beyond their control, Social trends are also contributing to the decrease in crime, The first of these social eyeles is demographic. The fallin the crime rate has coincided with a fallin the number of young men between the ages of 15 and 21 — the peak age for criminal activity in any society, including the USA. Murder rates among Americans have been declining since 1980. There may be more social factors involved: men and women are less likely to murder their partners because divorce is easier today, Social trends also lie behind the fall in property crime. Burglars tend not to steal television sets now because almost everyone has: cone: at the same time, people stay in watching TY, rather than going out, which deters Lastly, people are going to greater lengths to protect themselves and their property than they did in the past Unit 7: Crime 43personal alarm security guard security barrier security lighting keypad lock swipe lock cctv DODOEIDO Listening 0 Match the words in C with the pictures. o~ (GB @ Listen to a talk and number the pictures in the order you hear them. oo GiB 6 Listen again and complete the table. Write no more than three words or a number. Security measures in halls of residence ‘security barrier people report a guard through (1) before they can enter, cctv (2)_—___ linked rect t0 (2) ‘security lighting on from (4) keypad lock has a (5) ‘security code. reception desk open (6)__a day or all?) ‘swipe lock ‘opened by (6)__ card. windows everyone should keep their windows 2 personal alarm froe toll students from the (10). ‘09 collection. ‘university bus takes students from (11) every half an hour oe © Tick four things the speaker mentions. 1 CCTV is linked directly to the police station. Film from the CCTV is kept if there is a problem. The guard may not be at reception all the time. Students invite friends into the halls. 6 Itcosts nothing to travel on the university bus. ‘The security guard frequently finds ground floor windows open.Language study: past perfect; third conditional Past perfect © Read the articles and match them with the pictures. A German man who ()__earlier ina local nightclub, was later mugged again two more times while waiting for the police. Reiner Hamer, 27, lost his wallet containing €120 and his mobile phone when three men (2) him in the toilet of the nightclub. He @) the police from outside the club using a friend's mobile, but while he waited three other men came and (4) his watch and cigarettes. As he eaned back against the wall to recover, another five men him and od him, stealing his jacket and the last of his ‘A grandmother knocked out a burglar by hitting him with a garden gnome. Police officers a) to find the ‘man still on the roof and half 4 dozen people guarding him. Jean Collop, 69, 2) __upat $ a.m to find a burglar on her roof. She (3) at the man, then picked up a gnome and (4) it at him, G)__ of his head, leaving him lying on the roof. money. D approach @ Complete article 1 with the verbs in D, snack article 2 with the verbs in E and article os 3 with the verbs in F. =» a A car robber was arrested, afler answering a stolen mobile a phone. He 9 woman's car, along with her mobile phone. The woman Q) police station and the crime. However, when the police officer called the woman's ‘mobile phone number, when the woman (4) ring just a few feet away. The criminal (5) phone while waiting at the Q) police station to pay a parking into the local the ticket. The woman identified the phone and the thief was immediately arrested shout F report arrive seal bounce g0 wake up answer throw hear Unit 7: Crime s 4Third conditional sentences © Read the passage and number the pictures. Police in Virginia Beach charged Charles Robertson, 19, ‘with bank robbery after he made a series of mistakes. He ‘went fo Jefferson State Bank on a Wednesday afternoon, filled out a loan application, and left. But then he changed his mind about the Joan and decided on a quicker plan ~ he returned within a couple of hours with @ gun, a bag, and a note demanding money. After ‘handing the bank clerk the demand note, the clerk gave hhim the money and Robertson ran away. Later, realising he had left the note in the bank, Robertson rushed back and took it away. Running back to the getaway car, he discovered that when he had taken back the note he had also left the keys at the bank. Managing to hide from police, Robertson made his way home and told his roommate, whose car he had borrowed, that the car had been stolen. His roommate was very upset and reported to the police that his ear had been stolen. Less than twenty minutes later, Officer Mike Koch spotted the car near the bank. The officer took the keys that had been left at the bank. When the officer found that the keys ‘opened the car, he went to the address the car's owner had given and arrested Robertson. = © Read the passage again and answer the questions. 1 Why did Charles Robertson change his mind about the loan? 2. Why did he go back to the bank the first ti 2 3. Why did he leave the car outside the bank? 4. How did the police catch him? © Write the sentences in full. 1 IfCharles had taken the loan, he wouldn't have robbed the bank. (fake / nor rob) 2 He back to the bank if he the note. (not go 7 not leave) 3 Ihe back for the note, he the car keys (not go / not forget) 4 Ifhe from the police, he it back home. (not hide 7 nor make) 5. His roommate _ the police if Charles the car back. (not call / bring) 6 If Charles's roommare the car stolen, the police the address. (not report / not know) 7 The police to open the car if they the keys (not be able / not find) om 52 Unit 7: CrimeWriting (Sc eaevaoaD e ne oe ©) Put the words and phrases in G into groups. G additionally although 1 addition 2 concession = oe © Read the passage and answer the questions. nonetheless A in spite of despite 1 Who commies white collar crime? aed + 2 How many crimes are referred to? yet 3. Which ways of stopping white collar crime are given? ow © Complete the passage with words and phrases for addition. Vii M White collar crime is generally committed by people with access to @ company's money and includes fraud (getting ‘money in a dishonest way), tax-evasion (not paying taxes) and insider-trading (selling and buying shares with special ‘knowledge about the shares). White collar crime usually involves losing a large amount of monay and{1)__ ‘hurts @ lot of people, White collar crime damages peoples finances, (2)__it damages trust in financial rules ‘and regulations. Tax evasion can have the effect of making government finances weaker, (3)_it weakens @ ‘country’s economy, For this reason punishments for tis kind of crime can be severe. For example, people caught insider trading can be fined and (4) __ they can be sent to jal. (5) govemments are tying to stop this ‘kind of crime with better financial rules and regulations. ~= © Write three sentences and join them with a word or phrase for concession. ‘is/are a good thing. is/are a positive development. ‘is much better. o 5 Write the essay. Some people think that criminals should be locked away from society. but other people think that education is better than imprisonment. What are your opinions on this? White 250 words about the topic. Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant ‘examples from your awn knowledge or experience.Vocabulary 0 Complete the table. oo B Complete the sentences with the words in H. 1 When she stole another car, Sharon was ‘so that the police always knew where he was. 2 or ae a erat working in the local 3 Roberto was__ from school because he threw a chair at a classmate. 4 Oh no, I've gor another parking. . That's the third in a month. 5 Lisa went to see her__officer every week for six months. = Pronunciation (GA OD Listen and practise the words in activity 1.Trade Study skills: learning diaries Jn this unit you will practise: Study skills learning diaries ©) Keeping learning diaries will help you practise your writing, Reading yes / no / not remember what you did on your course and help you see how given; summarisin much you have learnt. Read the diaries: which student writes Language information more about their social life and which writes more about their study clauses, cours? Listening short answer questions; note. ‘Writing formal definitions; ; ° ry reasons and Dow ae): results Berea te Tee a my classes were: (heater pl hata gy Vedkon wes pst 1 wasn't ised to Speakon and re ishenng m Galak Especial, senna my main role, at Fst, was very bfhcult to oof Cree) cmnohen so till to concentiate te catch words completely Cote Pel sels charges sn np Erie Les aag wit by Sumo assnaes, 2 vealed we Lather ves ensier than bore. Ou Spr ahh tw to roe Halt Feal «Ft Ae apeaeng tong cltarates oven £3 Sr ftw rd Soy Und by oe hilors vecommend specking 50 SN Secorery fo meter edgy PFrchcn bocerle more postive \oténber pean, have: spent move than two mantis aS an Tene oa shades T keep Wyng to speck ngise more tran before # ~”y eer ea - Te eae mois tte ge tery cy. wea Tear whe my fre, toretere Speaking a fe Leer tae wl tars te easiest way te raise my tgs Iopret 7 Het mc Fe Sy Lasts poslnaly te cable the TOGA el of oy Ho my fronts Good, irc mc fa py a ence Yo trast my fr tos Lies? 7 © Keep a learning diary for yourself. Pear dary, emrorment ard the locaton of the hew to Prepare the maredients and cock ‘realt fect. Durng aur Fes fe dark santucoma. 1+ was really ste and an unforgettable experience. On reastraten day, I met Elspeth, the admwvstracter, a lovely woman who gave Tht {et OF confidence to study here. hon Z met most oF my hstors ant sx Fabulous dassmates, My clacanater Consist oF three Japanese students, ‘tie Chinese students, one Saudi Arabia student and one Tawanese = Gata cone: a tadent Unit 8: TradeUnit 8: Trade Reading ELT cook: yor / no / not given: summarising |) Read the passage. Do the statements reflect the claims of the writer? Write ... YES if the statement reflects the claims of the writer. NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer. NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks. 1 The writer thinks multinational companies are a success for global capitalism, 2. The writer has doubts about the importance of multinational companies. 3. Multinational companies could become less necessary due to globalisation. 4. An explanation for the growth of multinational companies is thar fewer people are buying their products in their home country. 5 The writer thinks that multinational companies always move jobs to countries with lower wages. = © Complete the summary. Use no more than three words. ‘Multinational companies are neither (1) __and are one of the major ways that (2)__happens. People associate multinational companies with globalisation, but globalisation could make multinational companies less necessary as (3) = and trade barriers fall. There are at least four reasons why companies become multinational. Firstly, they can be more (4) by expanding; secondly, they may buy their (5) or customer; thirdly, they are often (6) __, earning high profits; finally, they become multinational because (7) is becoming multinational. However, there are problems with multinationals. Firstly, they can use their power in an (8)___; they can move (9) sand can use (10) to move profits from high to low tax countries. ~-Multinational corporations — the heart of globalisation Multinational corporations are at the heart of the debate over global economic integration. Their critics say they use their power to exploit ‘workers and natural resources with no regard for the economic well being of any country or community. Their advocates see multinationals 8a triumph for global capitalism, bringing advanced technology to /poorer countries and low-cost products to the wealthier ones. Both of these stereotypes have some truth to them. But it would be wrong to ‘see multinational corporations as either good or evil. Companies become ‘multinational in many diferent ways and for many different reasons There is no doubt that multinationals matter. They are one of the main ‘ways through which globalisation takes place. In 1995, the last year for which the United Nations has figures, multinationals had some $7 trillion in sales. Multinationals also play an important role in global investment, The UN's 1997 World investment Report estimates that 70% ofall international payments on technology were between multinational firms and their foreign branches showing that multinationals play a key role in spreading technology around the globe. In the public mind, globalisation and multinational corpartions are closely related. The stereotype has giant ‘companies shifting production from one country to another in search of the cheapest sources of labour, without regard for the wellbeing of either the high-wage workers who stand to love their jobs or the low-paid ones who will be hired. Yet globalisation could just as easily make multinational companies less necessary — as transport costs and trade barriers fall it becomes easier to serve foreign markets by exporting. rather than establishing factories and research centres around the world. This suggests that the economic logic of the multinational company lies elsewhere The most common explanation for multinationals” growth is economies of scale. In certain industries, the ‘argument goes, fis can become more efficient by becoming bigger and producing mare. What better way to ‘accomplish this than by serving @ global market? Another explanation for the growth in multinational companies is vertical integration ~ when a company buys its supplier or customer. In some industries, the suppliers and ‘Users depend on each other and this makes it difficult for such firms to co-operate overlong distances, This is the reason many firms integrate vertically and when thase suppliers or customers are abroad it tums the firm into @ multinational. A third reason forthe spread of multinationals is that they tend to be successful. In any business, inefficient firms will eventually go ut of business, giving way to those that can ean higher profits. AS the world economy becomes more integrated, the companies better at crossing borders are those that grow. There is one other reason for firms to operate as multinationals: because everyone else is doing it. Many companies exist to serve other companies, rather than household consumers, f multinational car manufacturers ‘want to use the seme lights in cars which are being buit indifferent countries, then light manufacturers must ‘become multinational, too, The reasoning above suggests that the growth of multinational companies is without problems, but this is not always the case. For one thing. multinationals’ size and scale can make it possible for them to exert power in an ‘exploitative way. A company whose facilities are located in a single country has no alternative but to comply with that country's laws. A multinational, however, can move production: if America’s worker safety law is too restrictive, the company can move its factory to Mexico. It can also lower its tax bill by using internat pricing to shift profits from high-tax countries to low-tax ones. Ths flexibility may make it harder for governments to raise revenue, protect the environment and promote worker safety. Others point out this can be healthy insofar as it forces governments to be careful before imposing costly regulations and taxes. Certainly, many developing ‘countries are eager to be ‘exploited’ by 2s many multinationals es possible. Another common criticism is that multinationals are exporting jobs to low-wage countries, Multinationals tend to be motivated more by the other ‘considerations that have been mentioned, rather than by simply cutting wages Unit 8: Trade 7» gLanguage study: information clauses Defining relative clauses "| Write the sentences in full. 1 A place / you can / medicine is called a chemist’s. 2A person / deals with money at a university is / a bursar. 3. The only shop / is open until 11 p.m. / on Richmond Road. 4 Music Giant —is | the shop / sells CD& 5. The new treasurer / someone / is very careful with money. - | doin the two sentences. 1 Jane took me to see the shop. She worked in it last term. 2. Many companies have been sold. They were owned by the state. 3. The workers are worried about their company. They are employed at Sydney Textiles. 4. The manager was interviewed on television about his large salary. He got a big pay rise. 5. Wei Wei has sold the course books. She bought them last year. oe Non-defining relative clauses A is60 today © Write the sentences again including the information in A. hhave been produced since i Th r Te ogee 1 protest in Seattle was not very peaceful died in 1946 2. Sales of Fairtrade products have been rising steadily. T went 10 University 3. The President of the World Bank is in China for talks. held against the World 4 John Maynard Keynes was a world famous economist. Trade Organisation 5 Adelaide will hold a big trade show this ye = © Look at the information in the charts and write sentences with most, many, all, some, a number + of .... Begin like this: Tao, Jobnny, Anna, Demet and Carlos are students, Studying at the University of Bradford Taking Engineering BB tieve acar a Urtr At By iave parttime jots 58 Unit 8: Trade:Listening JELTS tasks: short answer questions; note completion (G5 0 Listen to a lecture and answer the questions. Nauaune How many ways are there of protecting an economy? What is the disagreement between the UK and the USA about? Which country produces cigars? What did France subsidise? Which industry does the European Union want to protect? How many reasons are there for protectionism? What is the overall effect of trade restrictions? or ‘25 6 Listen again and complete the notes. Protectionism Protectionism is the practice of (1) from abroad. There are Four metnods oF doing this. (a) Tariffs: a (2) ______ 0 wmported goods, making them (3) —_______ than home-produced goods. (b) Embargos, that is a (4) _______ on the import of certain goods, but these can result im an (5) —______ economy. (c) Subsidies are when a government supports home industries with (6) ——______ breaks to enable them to compete better. This may make producers (7) _______ and inefficient. (4) The quota. system allows a certain (8) _______ to be imported, but developing countries think these are (9) ____ and against free trade. Arguments for protectionism = to protect (10) ____ in the home country. = to stop (11) _____ and save jobs. ~ to protect (12) _______ , especially in developing countries. ~ to (13) ____. for the government. Arguments against protectionism Restrictions on goods affect tne (14) _____ so that no ‘one benefits. = ‘Unit 8: Trade* TRADEJUSTiCE Sol eras tae B asa consequence of cuts in public spending this is due to a toral ‘external debe this resulted in many countries owing more than the or causing developing countries to sell stare companies because banks had too ‘much money 60 Unit 8: Trade Writing Formal definitions |) Put the sentences in order. a 1 accompany / a multinational / which has branches all over the world / can be defined as 2 is/ in which the economy slows down and prices drop / a process / deflation is defined as / an accountant / who prepares financial records for a company / someone oF Reasons and results Read the essay and match it with the title. 1 Increasing trade globally is the best way of helping developing nations. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? 2 Poor nations are kept poor because of bad deals with richer nations.| What are the causes of the problem and what measures can be taken to reduce it? ‘When we look at helping developing nations, we immediately think of giving aid through charities or development funds. However, the other side of aid is debt reliel. Poor countnes are payng $100 millon every day to richer countries, (1) __of $523 bilion given to these countres as loans through the 1960s and 1970s When interest rates shot up in the 1970s and 1980s (2)__because ef the way compound interest works. For example, Nigeria borrowed $5 billion, has pak! $16 billion to date and stil ‘owes $34 billon. To make things worse, these loans often had conditions attached to them (3) _to private companies, or leading countries 10 cut public spending (4) «people do not have adequate ‘education or medical facilities Furthermore, some of the onginal loans were given to these countries when they were governed by dictators, for large- scale projects that did not directly beneft the people or (5) and hhad to find a tender for it. People in these countries are suffering from paying bback debts they did not want in the first place. On account of this think that the rich nations of the world should cancel the debt so that poorer countries will have money to spend on public services as well as roads and technology because without this they wil not be able to compete in the plobal economy. oe Complete the essay. Use the phrases in B. => Write 250 words about question 1 in activity 2. Give reasons for your answers and include any relevant examples from your ‘own knowledge or experience. ~Vocabulary ) Complete the crassword. Across 5 This happens when the price of goods increases and the value of money decreases 7 Information in the form of number end figures 9 Money that 2 government gives a company to keep the price o its products love 10 The money a person gets from his work or ‘investments | Down 1A person who buys shares in a company 2 An amount of money or property 3 A valuable item that can be bought and sold 44 When a person or a group of people has a fot ‘of goods or money B Able to continue to tise somathing for a lang ume 8 A tax that a government charges on products that enter or leave the country oo Pronunciation “4B |) Listen and write defining or non-defining relative clause. 1 2 3 4 5 oe ‘415 © Listen again and practise. Revise for IELTS Can you remember the test advice in Achieve /ELTS? 1 Which phrases will you hear when the lecturer starts a new point? 2 Which phrases will you hear when the lecturer ends a section? 3. Which phrases will you hear when the lecture is coming to the end? or Unit 8: Trade eopportunity Study skills: collocation (2) 0 Match words in A with words in B to make collocations. Reading ETS tacks: matching Yes / no / nat hem © Read the passage and match A - D with descriptions 1 - 4. A. the men 1 interested in hygiene B the hospital 2. underfed and cold C the army 3 direy and uncomfortable D Florence Nightingale 4 not in favour of change = © Read the passage. Do the statements below agree with the information in the reading passage? Write YES if the statement is true according to the passage. NO if the statement is false according to the passage. NOT GIVEN if the statement is not given in the passage. 1 Mosc women in the 1820s only wanted to find a husband. 2. Florence Nightingale had no sisters. 3 Nobody wanted to marry Florence 4. She earned a good salar 5 6 ingale. Harley Street, Many of the British soldiers were dying from diseases. Florence Nightingale saved lives by making hospitals cleaner, She received financial help from The Times newspaper. She used a mathematical diagram to show her results. She believed that women should have to work. oo we 62 Unit 9: OpportunityFlorence Nightingale was born in 1820, when women used to study only skills which would make them more marriageable, such as music and painting. However, Florence's father treated her more like a boy, as he had no sons, He taught her Greek and Latin, as well as modern foreign languages and mathematics Although her mother wanted her to marry a rich man, she refused several offers of marriage and announced at the age of 25 that she wanted to become a nurse, Both her parents were totally against the idea. In those days, only lower-class women would work in the nursing profession. Florence persisted in her ambition, supported by Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman ever to become a doctor in the United States. Eventually, in 1851, her father allowed her to go to Germany to study nursing. After that, she worked as a superintendent of a women’s hospital in Harley Street, London, which was a voluntary position. Two years later, war broke out. Russia had invaded ‘Turkey, and the French and the British went to Turkey to help them against the Russians. This became known as the Crimean War. In those days, people knew nothing about hygiene, and soldiers used to die more often from diseases they caught in the hospitals than wounds they received in the war. 8,000 British soldiers were soon suffering from cholera and malaria in Turkey. Nurse Nightingale offered to help, but at first she was refused, as women did not usually work in the medical profession. When her cause was published in The Times newspaper, she received public support and the government was forced to let her take a group of 38 nurses to the Crimea. When Florence first arrived in Turkey, she was appalled by the conditions she found in the hospitals there, The men would sleep in filthy clothes, and had no blankets or nourishing food to eat. At first, she met with opy army about her reforms, but s contacts at The Times to publish reports of the terrible conditions there. Simply by improving the sanitation at the army hospital, she was able to reduce the death rate of the soldiers significantly. She used her mathematical knowledge to prove this, using a statistical device called a *polar-area diagram’, which in fact was the first pie chart The image of Florence Nightingale is of “the lady of the lamp’, who used to walk the hospital wards at night, giving comfort to the wounded soldiers. Her knowledge of mathematics is much less well- known, After the war, she returned to England as a famous and well-respected woman. She met Queen Victoria, and continued her work reforming standards of hygiene in hospitals. She published two books on hospitals and nursing in 1859, and used her influence to raise funds and founded a training school for nurses at St Thomas's hospital in London. She continued to work tirelessly for hospital reform and to support women’s rights to have aa career, until she became ill in later life. She died in 1910, at the age of 90. romantic Unit 9: OpportunityLanguage study: would and used to; reported speech would and used to 0 Complete the sentences with would or used to, using would when possible. 1 In the 19th century, anaesthetics _ (nor) exise 2. Very few women work outside the he 3. When she was a girl, Florence _ __ study mathematics with her father. 4 In those days, people know anything abour hygiene. 5 The majority of women live with their parents until they got married. 6 Soldiers often have cholera and malaria in the Crimea. 7 Florence want to work as a nurse = © Complete the passage, changing the past tense verbs in brackets to used to. Uncil 1928, women in Britain (1) (couldn't) vote. Most of them (2) (stayed) at home with the children. Worki class women (3) (had (0) take in washing or needlework to supplement their husbands’ salaries, and the least fortunate @ (worked) in coal mines, where childien (6) (were employed) as well. One of the very few rights women (6) __ (had) was to retain custody of the children if their r iage broke down, but since they (7 _— (didn’t have) the right to divorce without an act of Parliament, this (8) (didn’t happen) very often. They (9) _ (weren't allowed) to study at university, or become doctors. A woman's life today is altogether different from the way things (10)__(were) in the 19th century oo | Write questions for the answers with used to. 1 Yes, she used to work in Australia No, I've never lived in China — it was Thailand, 8, | used to go to the University of Melbourne Well, I sometimes used to visit th That’ right, 64 Unit 9: OpportunityReported speech O Complete the sentences with the correct form of say or tell. 1 The women _ the President that they wanted equal rights. about me. never take any notice of what people 3 She him co pack his bags and leave immediately. 4 ‘I got the job because of my qualifications and experience, not because of my appearance’, she che reporters. 5 He at he wished he had been kinder to her. © Write the sentences in reported speech. is is mine,’ she said. She said 2 Hilda said, ‘He's going to meet me heré tomorrow. Hilda said 3 ‘I'm affraid she left last week,’ the landlady told me. ‘The landlady told me 4 "There is another train to Paris at 10.30 this evening,” Marta said. Marta said 5 ‘Will you still be here next week” she asked me, She asked me if__ 6 ‘I'm sure I left it here this morning,” said the secretary. The secretary said ai 7 ‘These rules and regulations are outdaced,’ said the chairperson. The chairperson said 8 ‘Lresign here and now,’ she told him. She told him 9 ‘Can I have another one of these biscuits?" she asked. She asked if 10 ‘TI see you here again next Tuesday,’ said Mrs Chan, Mrs Chan said = © Read conversation A, then complete the sentences in B. A Ali: Will you read this essay for me, Betty? I'm worried about the spelling, Betty: I can't do it now, Ali. I've just had a phone call from Ivan. He missed the lecture yesterday so I'm taking my notes o his room. Ali: Will you be able to do i this evening? Betty: I was planning to go to the concert tonight, but I'll ry to make time. Ali: If you do, I'll wash up every day this week! B Ali asked Betty if she (1) his essay because he (2)___ about the spelling, but she said that she (3)___ do it then, because she (4) __acall from Ivan, He (5) the lecture (6) so she (7) ____ notes to his room. Ali asked her if (8) to do ir (9) She replied that she (10) _____to go to the concert (uy bur thar she (12)__to make time. Ali said thar if she (13) wash up every day (14) =Listening 0 Match the words in C with the definitions. 1 0 control a whole business and not allow competition from other companies 2. not wanting to do something because you are not sure it is the right thing to do 3. connected with flying aeroplanes 4 having become rich or successful without the help of other people 5. protected from bad weather or society 6 someone who publicly and strongly supports something 5B G7 @ Listen to a news broadcast and choose A - D. 1 Prince Alwaleed is the King’s 3. At university, she studied . A son. A English language. B nephew. B aviation. C uncle, C instrument rating, D brother D English literature. 2 Capra Hanad eared co 4. Captain Hanadi thanked fly in her... A Jordan. A sisters. B Saudi Arabia B flight instructor. C Mecea, C father. D Riyadh. D mother (@ 6B Listen again and complete the summary. Choose the answers from D. Captain Hanadi Hindi is Saudi Arabia's a . Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal (2) her to work for the Kingdom Holding company, which he is (G3) ______ of. She (4) ____ a ten-year contract from st woman, the company. The Prince (5) of women working in all areas, and Captain Hanadi agrees that women can do jobs which are usually (6) to men, Her father has (7) her choice of career, but her mother and some of her friends ® of it. = 66 Unit 8: OpportunityWriting | IELTS tasks: general traning module, task 2; giving examples 1D Read the question and underiine the key words. {In the past 100 years, the role of women in society has changed. Give ‘some reasons for these changes and say how you feel about them. Include any relevant examples from your own experience. > ‘f) Complete the essay with expressions from E. Iris true thar, in most parts of the world, women now play a very different role than they did a century ago.(1) is the increased number of women in the workplace, which has risen ‘dramatically. Whereas the role of a female was previously mother and homemaker, women now often work in areas (2) medi Daa fanless gh ea boc Wha WIGAT SG ee Le possible 100 years ago. (3) of the changing role of women is their financial independence. In the past women would have to rely on their husbands ro provide money for personal items (4) __ clothing and cosmetics, but now they are generally able to purchase these things with their own moncy. I believe that the main reason for this change is education. More women now study at degre level chan ever before, and they are often better students than men, (5)____their higher grades and superior study skills. Another reason for women's emancipation is that they have proved they could do traditionally male jobs during World War II, (©) ___ manufacture of weapons, farming and operating heavy machinery, while the men were away at war. In my opinion, these changes are a positive development. (7) ______ the endless washing, cooking and child-minding which made up the life of a typical woman in the 19th century, one feels fortunate, as a female, to have been born in modern times. Ie is true thar complete equality is still a thing of the future, however, a woman in today's society has more opportunity to fulfil herself chan ever before, 1B Read the essay title and follow these steps. => Today there are more women in business and management than ever before, but very few women reach the very top positions. What do you think are the reasons for this? 1 Underline the key words in the title. (1 minute) 2. Think of your main points and add examples from your own knowledge and experience. (9 minutes) 3. Write the essay. (25 minutes) 4 Read your essay and check for any mistakes. (5 minutes) 5 Unit 9: OpportunityVocabulary © Write the job next to the definitions. Avoid referring to gender. 1 keeps law and order, patrols che streets police_ofFicer 2 attends to passengers on aircraft 3 puts out fires 4 controls meetings _ 5 washes clothes, looks after children, cooks, cleans ... oe B Complete the sentences with the words in F. 1 Two examples of different _ are ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’. 2 The Prime Minister was accused of having when he said educational levels at state schools were excellent but sent his son to a private school. 3 After filing my exams, I decided to take a before I restarted university. 4 Enquiries about salaries should be sent to the department. 5 The police showed thar they had a__against women officers when they refused to promote Sergeant Wright. 6 Your has shown that you have been wasting too much time on the phone. 7 She's a very person ~ she never gets upset or angry when things ep wrong, 8 The job involves dealing with people, so applicants should have good 9 The __ commission is dedicated to women’s rights in the workplace. 10 She tried to get to the top, but continued to find herself working in = Pronunciation (0) Put the words in G in groups. 10000 managemne 20000 300000 @B Gi Listen and check your answers. = IB @) Listen again and practise. 68 Unit 8: OpportunityFood Study skills: studying effectively () Match the headings in A with paragraphs 1 - 6. cae skills ~ studying effectively ‘Take control, Make a list of all the things you have to do. Break your workload down into steps. Schedule your time realistically. Do nor miss classes near an exam ~ you may miss a review session. Use the hour between classes (0 review notes, Plan study time with study breaks. Begin studying early, with an hour or cwo per day, and slowly build as the test approaches. 2 Review. Go back over your syllabus, books, and nnoves. Identify the most Frequent topics, and areas you may have had difficulty with and stare with these 3 Attack! Get involved with the text as you read. Ask yourself, What is important to remember about this section? Take notes of underline key concepts. Discuss the topic with others in your class. Study together to avoid boredom. Read actively, rather than reading passively and missing important points. 4 ____ Test yourself: Make up questions about key Sections in notes. Often, simply by changing section headings you can geterate many cleciv: questions. For ample, a section called Causes of crime might be changed into questions such as What is crime?, What are the causes of erime? and What are some examples of crime? ise. We can remember information better if ‘organised. I Ther ae many techniques that can help you organise new information, including: » Write outlines or summaries; show relationships between words and phrases. © Put words and phrases into categories where possible. Draw a mind map to organise vocabulary. 6 Place. Recall is better when the location you study is similar to the test. The greater the similarity between the place you study and the test, the greater the chances what you studied will be recalled during the tes. 7 Avoid tiredness, Take short breaks often when studying. When you take a study break, and just before you go to sleep at night, don’t think about work. I's more important than ever to take care of yourself before an exam! Eat well, sleep, and get enough exercise. Decide which things .. 1 you do already. 2 you could start to do. In this unit you will practise: Study skills studying effectively Listening matching; multiple- choice questions Language study reporting verbs Reading general training module - true / false / not given; summary ‘completion giving alternatives; discursive essay ‘A I'm bored with books I don't know where to begin I think I understand ic I've got so much to study and so lide time There's too much to remember Tm going to stay up all night uocil I understand this [ike to study in bed Unit: 10: Food 63(8 Of Listen to a radio interview and number the pictures in the order they are mentioned. AUSTRALIAN CERTIFIED ORGANIC 49 @ Listen again and choose A - C. 1 In 1997, Barry and Sheilas farm produced A GM foods. B organic sheep. C_ sheep and vegetables. 2 Sheila became interested in growing organically because .. A. she could make more money that way. B itis safer and healthier to eat organic food. Cit was a good lifestyle. 3. Before they could start growing organic food, they had to A sell the tractor, B prepare the land. C_ wait three 4 In the following year they will expand the farm by adding ... ‘A acow field and barn. B50 hectares of land. Can orchard. 5. For successful crop roration, you sh A carrots before potatoes. B_ po 6 Sheila and Barry plan to A. scll wool and vegetables. plant toes before parsley C_ carrots before parsley. B start organ use the vegetables to pay for meat ow sheep-farming, 70 Unit 10: FoodLanguage study: reporting verbs (0 Match the reporting verbs in B with the definitions. B suggest 1 to make clear 5 two say without proof as 2 to have the same opinion 6 to reach the end of an argument ene 3 to say strongly 7 to say more briefly summarise 4 to put forward as a good idea claim pu 8 - ude © Choose the most suitable reporting verb from B for quotations 1 - 6. 1 "Yes, you're absolutely right. Organic farming is better for the land.’ 2. ‘So, all things considered, I will end my speech by saying that GM crops are the Future solution to feeding people in the developing, world’. 3. ‘Why dont you try crop rotation to control the weeds, instead of chemicals?” 4 ‘Go on, try it. Please. Once you've tasted organically produced beef you'll never buy the supermarket stuff again. 5 ‘Well, you see, if you rocate your crops this way, the pests won't be able to stay in the same area the following yea’ 6 ‘GM food is totally safe. We are waiting for the scientists to prove it.’ = © Write the sentences 1 - 6 in activity 2 again using the reporting verb. The speakers are given below: replace the names with pronouns (he, she, they, etc.). 1 Farmer Barry Watts to the Biological Farmers’ Association He agreed with them that organic farming was better for the land. 2 Sir George Bingham addressing the students of the Bingham Apiodkarl Calcge “= 3 MrAli Khan to his neighbour, Ms Alice Chen 4 Mr John Dunn, the butcher, to his customer Mrs Anne Green 5 Ms Susan Stone to the Shropshire Gardening Society 6 Government representative Mr Howard Hill, on the radio 6 © Correct the mistakes. In the meeting yesterday to debate the introduction of GM crops, jordon Smith urged that the prime minister would commission an independent scientific report. The prime minister insisted to him the report was already under way. Mr Smith then recommended have a second team of scientists to monitor the first group. The prime minister asserted himself to that was not necessary. Mr Smith went on to suggest ‘were the government putting pressure on the commission to produce a favourable report, but the prime minister pointed that this was impossible because the government had no position on whether GM crops should be introduced or not. oe Unit 10: Food n A72 Unit 10: Food Reading 0) Read the passage. Do the statements agree with the information in the passage? Write .. ‘TRUE if the information is true according to the passage. FALSE if the information is false according to the passage. NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage. 1. Supermarkets sell more refined carbohydrates than any other product. Low-carb diets are unpopular with the food industry. Shoppers believe that low-fat foods are good for them. Low-carb diets are only effective for the first ewo weeks. Eating animal fats causes high cholesterol in dieters. 6 Negative theories about low-carb dieters have not been proved. oF Read the passage again. Complete the summary. Use no more than three words from the passage for each space. ‘The (1) __ is an enormous business enterprise which makes (2) from selling refined carbohydrates in the form of (3) __ like cakes and biscuits, to supermarkets. Because of this, the manufacturers do not approve of | 4) diets, but prefer (5) diets. A lot of food can be adapted to this purpose by using (6) instead of (7) to attract shoppers who are worried about (8) _, which is believed to cause (9) Unfortuately, a low-fat (10) diet may be unsuccessful because of the hunger it causes. On the other hand, people on (11) ___ ders eat (12) __ food, which satisfies them more, Although they eat animal fats, they often have improved (13)__as well as lower cholesterol. Some say these diets may cause (14) and thar they are only successful because the (15) becomes so restricted, but this has yee to be proved. In general, itis best to choose a dict suitable for the way you live and your (16) You should try our a (07) ____ifyou do not wane to fil. =Low Carbohydrate versus ) ap” Take a walk around a supermarket in any developed Western country and you will ind many ofthe shelves are groaning with refined carbohydrates. These include a multitude of starchy snacks, such 5 potato chips, doughnut, biscuits, cakes and pasties, which can be produced cheaply and sold in vast quantities. This is the basis of 2 huge operation which generates millions of dollars a year for the manufacturers, so itis little wonder that the recent popularity of low-carbohydrate diets has generated such criticism and antagonism from certain quarters of the food industry. Traditionally, low-fat diets have been the notm for slimmers, and this poses less of a threat to supermarket suppliers. Many products can be made with a lower fat content, by substituting lighter oils such as suntlower or olive oil rather than animal fats. By seeking out these low-fat products, shoppers convince themselves that ‘they are making a healthier choice. Concems about cholesterol — fatty deposits in the bloodstream which may lead to heart disease ~ also contribute towards this trend. The main disadvantage of a low-fat, calarie- Controlled diet is that a restricted intake of food causes hunger, which means that in the long term the diet is Unlikely to be maintained. In other words, people can only tolerate being hungry fora limited period of time, after which the diet is often abandoned. Altematively, a diet low in carbohydrates (‘carbs allows you to eat ‘as much as you like, but only of certain foods. In the initial two ‘weeks. only meat, fish, cheese or eggs with salads and fresh leafy vegetables are allowed. To put it another way, bread, pasta, potatoes, starchy fruit such as bananas and rice are all forbidden. Most people lose weight rapidly during this period, and they do not fee! hungry because high-protein food is more satisfying. The ‘egime gradually increases the amount of carbohydrates which can be eaten, to stabilise weightloss at the desired level nitially, some dieters have reported bad breath and other negative side-eflects, ‘but many have continued to follow the plan for years without any health problems — and without regaining weight. Despite the fact that a low-carb diet does nothing to restrict the intake of animal fats, studies have found that levels of cholesterol actually drop, as do blood-sugar levels. In addition, overall health improves as processed foods are excluded from the diet Another concern which has been raised about the low-carb dat is thet high protein foods such as red meat ‘may increase the risk of cancer. Advocates of the diet maintain that, as long as enough fresh fruit and vegetables are eaten, there is no danger ofthis. Opponents also assert thatthe real reason people lase weight is that the range of food allowed becomes so restricted that the dieter gets bored with eating altogether. As yet, there is not enough evidence to prove or disprove these theories, and the scientists will have to wait until ‘there are enough long-term cases to study. On the whole, the diet you choose will depend on your own personal preferences, and your lifestyle. Any diet ‘equites a certain amount of willpower to be successful, and cooking for a family or socialising make it harder ‘to maintain. Although the risks of a low-carb diet may have been exaggerated by the food industry, there is no by that “amount. Ths involves car sharing, recycling rubbish and switching to energy-saving light bubs. In conclusion, climate change is one of the greatest environmental problems of our times and therefore needs to be tackled at both government and individual level before it is too late, Find pronouns in the essay that refer to 1 - 8. 1 climate change (line 3) 2 governments (line 4 and 5) 3 levels of carbon dioxide (CO.) (line 8) 4 public transport (line 9) 5 fuel (line 10) 6 private vehicles (line 14) 7 getting around on foot of cycling (line 16) 8 the one-tonne challenge (line 19) oF ® Write your own answer to the essay title in activity 1. Use the notes in activity 2 to help you. You have 40 82 Unit 11: Our earthBe Be Vocabulary Complete the passage. Use the words in C. OUR CHANGING CLIMATE ‘THE PROBLEM We use (1) for almost everything we do; | Friends of the Earth believes for heating our homes, cooking our meals and powering | we can meet our energy needs cour ears. But the major (2) ofthis energy | without ea is largely to blame for the (3) we are now . | (11) damage 10 experiencing, When we burn (4) such as} our planet, through investing, oil, natural gas, petrol and (5) for energy, _| im (12) energy carbon dioxide is released. And along with other and energy efficiency. And © . carbon dioxide traps the sun's heat in | usitig the Barth's the atmosphere, leading to (7) and climate }(13) more change. Over the past 30 years, the number of; efficiently and effectively is @) ‘weather events such as floods, 00d for the future of the (9) ____ heatwaves, storms and planet and the a0) has trebled worldwide. (ia) which maintain it ow Pronunciation Put the words into groups according to the sound of the underlined letters. conservation flood global policy ecosystem hurricane ocean resource storm — government warming L faults 2f2:/ more 31a/ but 4101 job Listen and check your answers. o Listen again and practise. Revise for IELTS Can you remember the test advice in Achieve IELTS? 1 How long should you spend on writing task 1 and writing task 2? 2. Can the examiner interrupt you during the speaking test? o © climate change global warming greenhouse gases osystems inreversible energy droughts reme fossil fuels renewable hurricanes Unit 11: Our earth 83raduate 84 Unit 12: Graduate Study skills: test preparation Put the events in order. TELTS test day A. Leave your mobile phone D Transfer your answers and bag in the area for the question paper to the coats and bags. answer sheet. B When the invigilator says E Leave the room when the the test begins, open the invigilator announces the test paper and try to end of the test. answer all the questions. E Camplets the pemonal ils on the front of the © Go to the test room and {question paper and show the invigilator your answer paper. identification, ~ Read sentences 1 - 11 and write true or false. 1 You should arrive before the scheduled starting time. ive late, smile at the examiner and sic down 3 You can use correction fluid and highlighters 4 You can give things to, or borrow things from, another candi ag the test 5 If you are not sure what you to do, raise your hand to atiract attention. The examiner will come to help you. 6 IF you do not understand a question, you can ask the ‘examiner to explain it 7 You can leave when you have finished. 8 You can put your mobile phone on silent mode and keep it on. 9 You should not try to copy the answers from another 10 You cannot use a dictionary during the test. 11 Iris all right to have a snack in the test. @ll tl dl dd iiO) Tick the things you do during tests. 1 Tread the test paper carefully. I know which kind of questions I answer best. 1 plan out test time so that I give all the questions enough attention. 1 structure my answers so that the argument is easy to follow. 1 answer all the exam questions. 1 check my answers before handing in the paper. oo00000 avawn Language study: adjectives for people and things; inversion Adjectives for people and things Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the words in A. 1 Doing yoga or listening to music can be very activities. 2 Linguists are people who find studying languages very 3. Staying up all nighc cramming for an exam may make you feel the following day. 4. The thought of taking an exam or going for a job interview is so for some people thar they have 10 do relaxation exercises beforehand. 5 Iwas absolutely when I found out I had passed the exam with distinction. 6 The course was so dull and that I nearly fell asleep. of Inversion 1B Rewrite the sentences. 1 If hadn'c had my own computer, | wouldn't have been able to work from home. Had 2 Home-working is becoming a common pattern of work nowadays, A 3 The areas of biotechnology, computing and software production have become very important. Never before 4, People nowadays remain in the same job during their working lives. Rarely 5 People without computer skills will find it difficult to find work in future. Unit 12: GraduateReading 0 Read the passage and choose A - C. 1 The main aim of the article is to ... A give advice. B make suggestions. C_ describe a process. 2 Who do you need to think about in the decision making process? A your friends B your family C your competitors 3. Which criterion is not mentioned in the article? A amount of work —B career development C training 4. Who would be most interested in reading this text? A lecturer B a graduate ora student C care 6 Using the information contained in the passage, complete the flow chart below. Use no more than three words from the passage for each answer. 86 Unit 12: GraduateDECISION SCIENCE As those serious life choices approach, there is a method to help you make decisions ... |W you found yourselt in a dificult situation with only a few options, what would you do? Would you leave making 3 decision until the last moment? Would you try to make a decision in the most rational way possible, or would you £0 ‘with your felings! Decision science presents a framework to help people think about what they want to de in the furure. This might mean thinking about what you want from a job, evaluating job or university fers or identying the ‘torts of jobs oF courses you would ike to apply for This article gies you an outline of decision making processes and wil hop to guide you to the best choice for you. ‘When thinking about an important decsion its often dificult to think about all the diferent aspects at once and to ‘weigh up the relative importance of the dfferenc aspects. The idea of decision science isto help people to understand ‘what they want and care about and to structure their decisions and options. The first thing to dois to identify who your decision affects Your choice may only affect you but if you have a partner husband wife, children or you are close to ‘your parents and wider family. your decision will afect them too. Iti important to think about who would be affected by your decision and how you can take them into account in your decision. “The next stage isto structure your decision to understand what you really care about and what your options are. Understanding what is important to you and what you enjoy or dsike wil help you to distinguish between options and Identify the sorts of jobs or courses that you might want to apply for: f you are looking for a job, ask yourself these questions. + In your experience what areas have you enjoyed. ound interesting. found challenging or boring? Do you enjoy team work or working on your own? Wit do you want to achieve or avoid? Do you know what you would like to do inthe future, would you lke to be in a particular part of the country? ‘What is importanc to you? Some issues people think about are the pay package (salary. bonuses. pensions) workload, holidays and opportunities for socal interaction and travel. In terms ofa university. you might want to think about where itis located is size and reputation as well asthe course structure i offers. ‘You can wse the issues that you have identified as important to you to evaluate your options. you might also want to _gvoup the issues into themes. if this helps you to think about the options. For example, the isues of salary and pension ‘could ft inco an cveral theme of pay package. Issues of size and location may be grouped together as orgarisaton. You ‘then need t0 put your options into order of preference. in other words you need to rank them. For instance if you are Planning ro go to university you need to think about what is important to you and do some research on these. M you decide that the most important things are course fees, reputation location and accommodation, you wll then dive them into sections according to importance. For example, f course fees are the most important factor affecting your choice you will put them firs.A student who is looking for a low-cost course (but not the cheapest course), at a University with a good reputation, near their hometown, with accommodation near fo the university may rank their choices tke his: A course feos reputation € accommodation location Tie (G0) ed ee hel Ake hae lowest (C1000) 3 wenge ~~ nial as one 2 average (€4.000) 2 okay 2 sale 2 macy Tigh (500) | exwgeod | peepeue | eaeeraay For example. universy with a good reputation for the course you would like to take, which has a good safety record {for accommodation. but is not near a city and has high course fees wil score ike thi: 90d reputation (4), safe (2),not near a city (I), high course fee (I) = 8 However 2 university with an average reputation for the course you would like to take (3), which has accommodation close to the university (4). is located overseas (3) with low course fees (4) will score: 3 +443 +4 = 14 “The university which scores the highest according to your criteria i the one you should choose. Inthe next stage you use your preferences and the scores to create a ranking. Then, if there are any uncertainties, you need to think about how they will lect your preferences and see f that changes the decision you make. Finally re- evaluate and review what you did and your scores to make sure you are happy with them ~ maybe talk them over with a friend f you are unsure, Ask yourself the decision feels right. Unit 12: Graduate 7Listening Ere oe [Fecpng se coma] | © Put pictures a - j into groups. 1 positive body language 2 negative body language = (@s B Listen to a talk about interview technique and number the pictures in the order you hear them mentioned. => @s OB Listen again and complete the notes. Use no more than three words for each answer. Body language in interviews Body language makes the strongest (1) —__—_ on people we meet. Making (2) of ten aves & good impression. During the frst Few minutes of an terview, smile to show that you are (3) Nodding shows you are listening and (4) —____". Another good gesture is to 6) slightly te shew you are listenng, The way you carry yourself or your (@, —___ matters even uhen you are sitting down. Moving about nervously is called (7) ——__ and is a sign that you are nervous. Ways to improve body language Choose a (8) ___ (such as a Film star) and imagine you are this person. Practise reading bedy language signals by (9) —___“'m public places. IF you are being interviewed abroad, find cut about unacceptable (10) Try to mirror the mterviewer's body language. This is known as the (11) _____ effect. ae Unit 12: GraduateWriting Pt 0) Read the title and underline the key words. Your college principal has invited you and your classmates to attend an end of course party. He has also asked for suggestions for @ suitable present for your course tutor. You are now writing a latter to the principal. In your letter: * thank him for the invitation * suggest @ suitable present for your titor * offer to help organise the purchase of the present. A ail © Read the letter and decide if the sentences are true or false. 1. The writer accepts the invitation. 2. The writer suggests a photograph as a suitable gift. 3. The writer offers to pay for the gift herself. oe Pear Pr Tones Thank you very mich for mviting me to the end of course party. 2 will be delignted to attend. The course has been extremely useful and enjoyed and I have appreciated the help and support of Pr Heavey enormously. 8 2 know that Pr Heavey is very interested photagraphy and recently 1 came across an intresting book oF old photegraphs oF Birmingham in a ‘second-hand bock shop. Tne book is in excellent condition and contains some delighted pictures of the college including the main hall and refectery. 1 am sure that he would enjoy ‘them as he knows the 10 places well, I would be very happy arrange a collection from our group 0 that we can buy it and present it to him at the party on friday. 2 can also make sure that all the members of cur class sign ther names inside the bock that will he be able te remember all his students too. 18 Please let me know what you think about my sugeston and thank you once again For your kind invitaton. Yours sincerely Lisa Assiz ©) Read the letter again and find ... 1 two punctuation errors 2. seven grammatical errors (four missing words, ewo word class, one word order) 3 four spelling errors. oe © Write your own letter suggesting a different present. You should write at least 150 words. Unit 12: Graduate aVocabulary 1. Three items of clothing. ‘worn at a graduation ceremony. 2 Three words which describe negative feelings 3 Three words which describe positive events or situations 4. Three types of celebration party oo Pronunciation mie (a O Listen and count the number of syllables. 1 interested 4 petrifying 7 boring «+10 ceremony 13 challenging 2 delightful 5 enjoyable 8 graduation 11 invitation 14 wound up 3 farewell 6 barbecue 9 wonderful 12 milk round = (24 B Listen again and underline the syllable which is stressed. oo (Ga @ Listen again and practise. 90 Unit 12: GraduateAnswer key > Unit 1 Seay skills 1 e 3 4 Engish-Engish onthe scone ble conte tenis about money mening 2s abou mines baker Day pu down fake to fis amie and eds ahi tearing 1 meaning 1 Language study on 6 ‘ecahing ire 7m do Dov come Bare! ej want vee Tn studying. 10 fishes Shining think Jererererending dos ardor oe tot baie I didnt catch your las sentence, could you repeat it, please? 2. When are you going to start doing 5 your esay? Berrand didnt ge the atachiens 10 your email Can you end it seit A Why do you wane my lecture BT wane them becuse [ike read them becuse {was ae fr that icra hays everyone here nom? Good, then ets wart. 4 11B,2A 21A,2B 318,24 have been waiting have been geting has been solved have lef have made have just checked thas been rising have predicted has gone up have arrived hhave been mecting thas boca waiting have made 14 have had 15 have becn aking Listening 11 one hour 2 over a hundred 3 limeoduce new topics 4 main points 5 common won 6 make a nore 7 in onder 8 a digital recorder 9 smaller dass 10 ashore presentation 11 understand differen agumenss 12 analyse topics rica 13 contabure 14 Fifteen to thirty 15 ave and guidance 16 lectures 2 1 independnly 2 reas ou wu praca 2 ier the lecture 4 debace 5 they are not sed ro this kindof teaching 6 meetings berween a raoe and an individeal stadene or small gop of stundents Pronunciation 1 its esata co gp to Fectures ‘es lly important ogo oes your ‘Working independendly is crucial at sissy Reading 1 A7.B1,C4.D2ES 2 1 yes ines 5 ~ 6) 2 no (lines 15 ~ 17) 3 nor given (the writer docs not ay whether becoming «representative was easy or difficult) 4 ys line 27) 5 no (line 34) 3-1 culture, food and nd 2 dhe inellecual atmosphere as she ‘can frely express her own ideas 3 the decision to cancel a module 4 teaches children and helps the clderly 5 exta-currcular activities Vocabulary 4 finance cligible 3 applicant 2 fund 4 grant characrerics i 2 intligene 3. onanied 4 enthuse 5 6 Ma Hing “The number of sudents from the United States studying in Europe 2. The number of US seudents going tw the Middle East is filing: che ‘numberof scudents going to South America, Affica and Australasia i rising: the number going to Asia and ‘Canada is stable. 3 a false 1 aloe — ie rose significanely «file ic dropped dramatically bar charts bberween 1985 and 2004 In gencral longterm rene declined climbed very dramatic rise remained quite constint ‘overall number Revise for IELTS 1 The tite, chars, tables, pictures, names and numbers 2 Ichelps you wse your knowledge and experience to understand the pastage. Unit 2 Study skills 41 dew 4 locate 2 pucin 5 in charge 3 capably 2 6 inexpensive 9 eiaplace 7 uninsall —10- irresponsible 8 inabilcy ‘Answer key a @Reading 11. CM,2 RM, 3 PM, 4RM,5 FM.6CM 2 1 false (ines 8-9) 2 trve line 15) 3 ave (ine 24) 4 teve (ines 30 - 31) 5 ot given in lines 34 ~35 che ceria ays hat god has 3 very small tole, wiver may slo have a ery femal role but cis x nor stated in the passage) 6 false (lines 44 ~ 45) Language study 4.1 How do you spell commerce? 2 Whats the meaning of maken in ‘English? 3 How do you ‘ 6 What does paying book mean? 7 What's the opposite of wed 8 Is there another word for 2 16.26 3p4d 56h 7b 8F ‘3-1. Which bank did you open an account with? 2 How much is it / docs it cose send money overseas (cletronicaly)? 3 Could you tell me where the nearest ‘ash point it 4 Have you got change for £12 5 What isthe exchange rate for rupees tw pounds? 4 1 anti-government 4 problem-free 2 nbeievble 5 improbable 3 inexpensive 6 pennies Writing 41 £100 2 thas aleady charged the student 1225. eemight charge the student another £25, 2 Dear Mr Appleby Please accept my apologies for exceeding, 92 Answer key ny overdra limit. went over my ‘overdraft mic of £100 on Friday ‘evening as 1 had to pay fora tax from the city eenre ack w the campus as this is much safer than walking home store. However, I paid back the amount on ‘Monday as s00n asthe bunk was open inthe hope that | would not be charged Saorreee pore disappointed to find that ten charged £25'when I vexed your leaer yesterday. ‘As the amount was paid back immediaeey | would be very grateful if you would take back the change of £25. You had wo pay your university coune fer ast mock. Unfortunately yuate ssl. wating for mangy to ave in your sac senk scape tow por bind ‘country, The university has written to you aking for mune paymene, “ying they have charged you exta ‘because of the delay. ‘Explain ‘Write alter oo che univer, ‘what has happened and el cm what you want wo do about i- Suggested answer Dear Sir of Madam 1 am veiw explain the delay in ‘ny university course fees which feed eootans id or ek The delay in payment has been caused because of the slow transfer of money fom my bank in my home country to this country. I do not know whether this delay has boen caused by banks in this country or in my councry. However, when my family asked the bank branch im my town to find the reason for the delay, che bank sid that they had sene the amount last month. For this reason [Tam uying to find where the amount ‘was sent, But this may eke some time. As this delay is beyond my control and 1 hope thatthe university wil beable vo take back the fine. Furthermore [hope thar the univecsity will be abe 10 wait for payment until I have rsclved the Yours sincerely 1 They nesd money for basic essentials. 2 Tohavea nice place to live. 3 They ould save money by noe 4 Soin work afc hee ati, 1 majoriy 2 over 3 aout 4 third” 5 minorey Suggested answer ‘The thrce charts show the reasons why scudents work, how students could save rmomey and wha percentage of students ‘thoughe char working affected their sruaies adversely. ‘Overall we can se that the majority of students at nearly 70%, work because they need 1o earn money for every recess Just over 40% of sudenes tse the money from working ia onder to g0 out and about a third of seudents Work in onder to buy new clothes and around 15% work w live in nice accommodation. Ar the same time, the majority of Srudents think they could ave money by going out es frequently. Over 40% ‘ik they could save money by buying fewer thes and just under 40% say they could spend lesson their mobile phones. A similar percentage worked ro ‘eam money for going out Just under 40% feel that working would give them ‘extra shill, and around 12% needed the money to pay their coun fees. Only ‘00 fifth ofthe studems fle chat they ‘sould save money on accommodation. “The pie chart shows cha students who fee shir cies are not affected by working at che same ime are in the minority just over onc thd of sic ding with be att that employment top sr these te, ‘Vocabulary 11 age 2 withdeaw 3 depodt 4 quarer sont code 5. account 10 bankrupe Missing word: cheyuc book Pronunciation 411 bankrupe, trans, statement, balance, purchase. payment 2 account, exchange, convert, withdraw Revise for IELTS 1 “The answer may be the or the negative of words in the 2 Sppricng sod cashing the information i debi card ‘ath poine 3 You havea limited amount of time 50 writing about something you will not receive points fr is wastingUnit 3 Study skills 1i2e3a4g5b, 6.768690 10h Reading LN (line 2), 2.N (line 5), 3.N (lines 8-10), 4 N (line 17), 5 NG, GY (line 22), 7 NG, 8 ¥ (line 23), 9 (line 29), 10 ¥ (line 31) Listening 4 iM chaiclift € wolleybus team baw aia rin 2 1g2d3q4e,5f6h7a8b 3 1C,2B,34.4B,5D,6C Lanousae study ighese salle aller We isnot as small as Prague ‘sas beau as Vietnam wat as horas Dubai today {is nor as fr frora Singapore as Tasmania isa pleasant to ly with as British Airways Cao pled pw cic exotic, poited, I, efficient, dificult, economical, enjoyable 2- hot, neat, fst long, cool, great, heavy sight light, noisy 3. Fat, good, bad 4 Possible answers 2 Avram is vomewha: dower than & buss Aus ia lite bit mace comfortable than a tram. 3 AMapley is «great del faster dha ‘Asteam train is considerably noisier than a Maglex. 4 AShinkansen isa ile bit noisier than a Maglex. [A Maglev ts somewhat faster than a Shinkansen pur / accelerated Invested / Began took boghe / weer cost / flew G1 was shining 2 decided 3 wasn raining 4 didnt rake 5 efi ‘¢underground ean f dics! train 6 arrived 7 was pouring 10 didnt want 11 were: Boe 13 groaned 14 sropped 15 came 16 didnt know Vow didnt you take your did you ative didat you leave ‘were the / doing seat! sandifg ‘Were the trains running Did you have / Were there Writing aa was sanding 19 an 20 invited 21 had 22 were running, 23 gor evenness in comparison with, in the same vay, compared with, a the same time, the same as 2 conversely, onthe exer hand, in contrast 10 this, on the contrary. by 2 1 369%, 220%, 3 8% 3 1 any from group 2; 2 the same a; 3 conversely fin contrast this / on the other hand I ly contrast; 4 i the same way athe same time; 5 conversely! on the other hand / in contrast co this by contrast 6 any from group 2; 7 compared with / in ‘comparison with: 8 on che ther hand / in contrast to this / by contrast 4 Suggested ansmer ‘The first table shows the reasons why le in the UK prefer to cycle to work. Conversely the second able {gives resons for those who choose t0 go to work by ear “The highest percentage of those who favour cycling say cha this is because tiding 1 bicycle o work is healthier than dkeiving. 30% of them gave this as a seawon. The same amount of people, 30% say thar they eye to work because ‘ic cause les polation. 13% of people f riedpidernhts akong driving, Surprisingly, a similar amounc cof people said cha they cycled so work. because its faster than traveling by ext In contrast 10 this the percentage who prefer wo travel by car because it more comfortable is 40%, The rwo last coi 1i8eand Srp cat, wit spectively is ‘that people need to carry things to work and thac iis safer chan cycling to work. Finally, 16% say they prefer dewving ‘because itis faster than cycling, This ‘coreasts withthe yeliss who ride to ‘work because itis faster than driving, In general it sems that che majority of people who cycle to work do this for health and environmental reasons. By ‘onrast, those who travel by car want to have a more comfortable journey ‘over longer distances. Vooabulery 1 cae eck ld Fags ge lounge, check-in, til i, wingypa, galley, steward, pilot. boarding card ail Taw: track, rican, carriage, platform, bait. signals, guard driver, ‘eating room 7 Fucage 8 checkin, boaing cand, ewan 9 tack 10 platform rrileand iit Pronunciation 4 1 dropped, missed, picked. wished, ‘worked, produced 2 travelled, climbed, ative, sailed, arti, | entered, steed Lid) oer Revise for IELTS 1 When you correct youre if you make a mistake. 2 Contrasting each reason in order of imporcance or contrasting all the information in one table with all the information in the second. Unit 4 Biel skills wenotes 4 nowebook fleand 5 lapeop personal organiser A norebook,laprop B file card, poste nots ‘C laptop, personal one laprop, notebook, He card 2 Arnote book, laprop B file cards C personal organiser 3 You should putas much information a possible. 4.6 Open answers Reading 4 ee ieee ia 2 1B2A3CIGSB 1£,20,35,45,50,6W,7R, 80,98, 10R WAR 30Listening 1 1L2RSHARSHOL 21 thawe 6 deyeh 2 devmieilng: 7 etapa 3 comal image 4 video 9 side and back 5 Bae 10 wie Pronunciation 1 here 0 tellus more you can ceen walk: part of the | when we alkabaut dimensions Language study 41 ate called 2 are snc expricnce 3 in being developed 4 aeshown 5 developed / is designed 6 grows 1 Songp are being released divetly to the consumer 2 31 allion hour of new TV shows 5 Children are encouraged to make their own documentaries online. ‘Who was the World Wide Web invented by? 3 Who is given more control and choice (by new technology)? 4 Wha is being made slimmer and lighter? 5. Whois giving us more choice of programmes? Writing 1 2 3 4 2 100% reflective mirror goes at the axe 5. forth berwecn the twa mitts 6 the fully reflective mirror makes all ofthe ight bounce off it 2 Lasers are very simple took, xpcilly the les which areas sake mow Alusr ina up of «very thin gas tabe, about the sine ofa drinking suaw and contains two pases — helium and neon. The laser is called a heium-neon tse of the ‘process involves pligging the laser into ‘the wall and earbing on. Following this electricity pases through this as and ic begins to glow. et the laser beam out ofthis tube, wo mirrors are placed at both ends ofthe we: one pel elective mieror i place a ‘one enl and 3 100% reflective rrr 94 ‘Answer key goes the other. The teu is hat ight begins to bounce back and forth berween the ewo mirror. The paral ner iss co gt sriror tie bon f fe Bimal, ee igh chat rough avo ant ere 13. The diagram shows how a 30D tlevision sgsem Works. Summa the jnformaion by selgting and reporting the main features dnd making ssompatisons where relevant. You should ‘write at last 150 words. 4-1 inconstiuted of 4. subsequently 2 Thefirs sep 5 so that 3 Nae 6 Eventually 1 “The diagram shows television system which can display 3-D Pictures to people siting in diferent pars ofa oom. 2 The sytem is constituted of ‘eameras, a screen and fic. 3 line $~ end 4 Following this / in onder to / then / subsequently / dhe firs sep / eventually / next / 30 that 5 are generated / are displayed / is fi is croted © Suggested answer ‘A podcast isa sound recording which is ‘pur on wo the Internet so that other ‘people can download ic and Histen toi In ender ro make a podea, you need four items, These area microphone, @ ‘computer, a sound tecording program, and a crc connection fo an So a padasr you nced an Internet ‘connection, 2 computer and an MP3 player. There are four steps in the ‘process of podcasting, Firstly, the isconnccted tothe ‘ompucer and then your programme is ronal vias ound meting propa Having done cis the computer connected the nent andthe the sound file is uploaded to + podcast cbc tha gone can cts In onder to licen wo the programme, the other enon has to connect their computer to the past website through the Taernet. Following this, dhe sound file is downloades wo the lsteners comparce and the sound fil is eventually trangerted to an MP3 player so the listener cas hear the programe wherever they go Vocabulary 411 device, component, wot 2 erysalise,adape, convert 3) macroweale, microscopic, miniature Revise for IELTS 1A general description 2 Ye 3 Beefy 4 Passive structures, phrases of ‘purpose and phrases for staging and sequencing. Unit 5 Study skills 11 Yes these wl help you v0 predict the content ofthe pussge before you read, and will give you a gener idea ofthe topic. 2 Nor this rechnique is known at “yocalsation' and will slow you down, You can read faster than you ‘ean speak. 3 Yer you should beable ro read at feast chree words at atime, so dhat your eyes need to make Fewer ‘movements Your eyes ca read ahead of your brain. 4 Yes: you cannoc improve reading speed on difficult texts. Choore something you enjoy reading, with onac cate pet page that you do noc uodersand 5 Yes get into the habic of reading whenever you can. Keep a book or ‘magazine in your bag read on public anspor, or while you are ating 6 No: there is no point in reading fast if you have na comprehension. 7 Yes use a text of a known length oF work out the approximate number cof words on a page (cour the words in one lin, then the numberof Fines ‘on the page). You should be able to sed en 500 words in 2 mines <1 reading sped of 250 wpm. You can buy special books to practise this 8 Yes stop after you have read a pase an summarieitn your 9 No: dictionaries slow you down. You should develop the sil of using the content urounding wor 0 ‘gies the meaning, You probably already do this in your own 10 Meret ope seen cot ‘het borhan ay ee the al peton, The opi cpm rr te oat ot the pug 21 outrent England 80k from London (line 2) 2 iis built on a grid system / like the Ua tines 10513) 3 boro ine 13) 4 Milton Keynes village (lines 20—22)5 a computer (ines 24-25) 6 Wbecame a muscum. (line 25) ing centre (line 27) 8 paths for pedesirians and cylin {ine 35) 9 fishing and watersports (line 40) 10 in the parks (ines 41-42) Reading 11 postemodemist 6 revert 2 soulles 7 pedestrians 3 radial 8 carmac 4 gyidsymem 9 floodwater 5 thached 10 sculpere 2 1Y dine 3),2NG, 3 ¥ lines 6-8), ~ 13), 5 N line 18), 43-44) 3 bridges of underpasses 4 Campbat Par Language study 11 object 4 object 3 mabe 5 prtpe 2 1 Shanghai wat bul onthe Yangue Dea 2 No pomible 3 Awa war bil around Shang in 1544, 4. Not posible 5 The Zhong Shan road is lined with ‘many buildings 6 87% of che local revenue was ken away bythe government. 7 Now pouble 8 U1 new underground railways ae being planned (hy the Chine). 31 wasdeclared 2 ieknown 3 asm 4 wat designed 5 is surrounded 6 is divided 7 ae vised 8 were planted 9 are being developed 10 willbe added Listening 4 3412 2 IB2A3C 4B SCCA7ABB 31 cout 9 horses 2 gid 10 Gul Pack 3 tng 11 gare cty 4 culturt 12 Ma Sagrada 5 archiccrure Familia 6 Plaga Real — 13 church 7 wwosory 14 Finished 8 Gucl Palace 15 Gand Writing 1 and 2 Suggested answer “To begin with, 40,000 yar ago [Astana inhabited by aborigines. In 1770 Botany Bay was discovered by James Cook. By 1882 Sydney had banks, markers, roads and police. When the transportation of coats was ended in 1040 te population was aound 3000. le was mot aml 1852, however, that Spey offically became a cy Berwcen 1848 and 1885 the ioe ralay was consroced, Suggested answer Berween 1923 and 1932 Sydney Harbour Bridge was conscrucied. In 1961 Sydacy Opera House was ined and wis opened in 1973. By 1975 the population had grown to 3,000,000, in 1993 Sydney was awarded the right to hod the 2000 ‘Olympics and constriction ofthe Olympic Stadium was started in 1996. Ja 2000 the Olympic games were hed in Sydney. Today, Sydney bas tice universities and « popolaion of 4,000,000. In the future, Snapper Island and Woolwich docks, siuated tothe rorth of the ciy ene, wil be tedeoped for commensal a uri Vacebisary 1 afi igs 2 intersection / junction 3 apartment / tenant 4 amenities 5 uptown J downtown 6 banks 7 architecture 8 located 9 landmark 10 notice Pronunciation 1 Lil 2mo Siw 4h Sno Gli 7H) Bro Revise for IELTS 1 In the same order as they occur in the pase. 2 Move on to the next question 3. Before the listening passage begins. Unit 6 Study skills 2 1,234.67 Reading 2 3 1B,2B,3A.4C,5C.6A7A8B 1 Englishes 2 splie 3 standard /cotrect English 4 mispronounced 5 phrases Listening A5.B3,C1,D2.E4 A2,B1,C4,D3 150 7 animale 32 8 chess et treasure howe 9 dinie Perce Mark 10. crossword purse French Medicine Pronunciation 4 the fate Engh Nev Englishes atappesring coe speakers (no ining) iny ponents Writing hank, say what you enjoyed. suggest AGE swatmly, sincerely immensely, enormously seriously, strongly sincerelywatmly Immense enormonsly jmmensely/ enormously strongi/seriou! — sincerely warmly Lenguege study ‘come across discover (something) grow up become an adult Err sein ‘op increase lieout become extinct grew up went up 4 come actos: 5 held on dicout 6 were gerting over both 2 will 3 are going vo both 5 is goings 6 'm about to Nocabularyavis) fon ELT just a (scone), let me (chink), {give me a (moment), that’s a good ‘question No The candidate No Unit 7 Study skills 2 traffic police fight crime kl’ comeby violent crime wand onder police officer criminal law Parking ticker police station Seriouscrime parking space Reading 1 A2,B3,.C5,D6 2 1C,28,3B.48,58 Listening 4 security barrier ¢ swipe lock b personal alatm —F eypad lock «security lighting g CCTV security guard 2 1 security barrier 5. security guard 2CCIVv 6 swipe lock 3 security lighting 7 personal alarm 4 keypad lock 31 the speaker 2 eloed cincnetekvison 3 the security office 4 night to morni 5 four digi 6 2t-hours 7 3666 8 saudene 9 locked 10 Stadens’ Union 11 campus town 4235.6 Language study 1 1b2a3e 21 had been 3 called mugged 4 le 2 ached 5. approached 1 atrived: 4 (had) thrown 2 (had woken up 5 (had) bounced 3 had) shouted 1 adstolen 4 (had) reported 2 adgone/ 4 heard went 5 Ghd answered 3 1d, 2c, a, 4b 41 Hie decided to ob the bank. 2 He realised that he had left the nove in the bank. 96 Answer key 3 He had left che car keys in the bank 4. They took the ca hey and opened thecar then went to the addres of the car owner would not ave gone / had noe le had at pone / would nate 4 had nor hidden / would not have made ‘would not have called / had brought Jha not report f would nor have snown 7 would not have been able had not found Writing 1-1 additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addiion ax wal a, what more 2 nevertheless, nonetheless in spite of, ev although, howeres epic 2 1 people with acces vo a companys ‘woney 2 three 3 better financial rules and regulations Suggested answers 1 adionally 2 moreover 3 furthermore 4 what ie more 5. Inaddition 4 Example answer ‘The majority believe ragging is a It's often atopic of debate whether education ot imprisonment is more

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