1 7/2011, Making Graphs for Chemistry Assignments Using Excel 2007® A graph is a picture of information. It is a rapid way to communicate relationships in and patterns of experimental evidence to another person. Every good graph needs to have an informative title, clearly numbered and labeled axes that indicate what units the numbers represent, and a clear symbol for each datum plotted. When appropriate, a function may be plotted, which describes the data. When this is done, the original data should always be plotted along with the function, This shows the viewer how well the function fits the data. Like a lab notebook, computer generated graphs should be neatly formatted and identified for future reference. Appendix A contains a checklist you can use before finishing any graph, as well as additional tips and tricks. Refer back to this section and Appendix A when making graphs for lab reports. Entering Data Excel is a spreadsheet program that is the equivalent of an engineer's data .-*4 ¢ pad with a built-in calculator and graph generator. In order to open a new spreadsheet, you may need to click once on the “office button” in the upper left- hand corner of the Excel window and then the "New” button, Each rectangle is called a cell; it is defined by the location of the row and column in Excel. The first cell at the upper left, then, is called A1, with the format ColumnRow A spreadsheet is divided into boxes or cells where you can enter your data. You can move around the spreadsheet either with the arrow keys, or clicking on This is called a worksheet. a cell with the mouse. When you are You canicreateas many through entering data in a cell, you can worksheets as you need with the right-most button shown, press enter or you can just click on the and re-riame'them by double next cell with your mouse. If you make a ® | clicking the sheet name. mistake, you can click on the cell and ® retype it there or in the box just above *.. ... was the spreadsheet. oer taut ReeaR a tat Sloe nt Experiment 1: Making Graphs for Chemistry Assignments Using Excel 18When you enter information into a cell, Excel usually applies a General format to that information. However, you can change this format by using the dropdown format menu. In our case, the different formats are particularly useful for calculations and correct representation of data in lab reports. aes Dae ne aim A: BEE Hoy, = hoge~ =. § [ Note that changing the cell Significant figures are very important in science, so it | format from General to is equally important that we are able to display all the * | something else also alters now | | ngures tnat are, in fact, significant. By default, Excel ‘your data is displayed. excludes and numbers that have a zero at the end of Changing it to Number rounds | | the decimal, and the various cell formats also have the value to two decimal default numbers of decimals that they automatically places (the default for display. But you can change how many decimals are Number); changing it to Time | | displayed by using the Increment Decimal buttons. for Date converts itto a This allows you to show that indeed, that last zero is S| fraction of 24 hours; changing | | significant, but it also allows you to limit the & | itto Percentage multiplies it significant figures if you are doing a calculation (with © | by 100 and gives it a unit; and | | the General cell format, Excel displays as many non- 2 | soon. terminal-zero decimals as will it in the cell) There are several ways to change your cell width and height, which you may wish to do so your text fits inside the cell better or look better. Sa - + | You can agjust the neight or You can also use the ‘You can also “wrap” your text within a cell, so « th using the mouse; to do this, | | format drop-down it takes up multiple lines, using the Wrap 7 | bring your mouse to the column menu, which allows Text button. This will mean you need a 3. | or row headings section and you to manually larger cell height, which usually happens 1» | hover your mouse near the right- | | adjust the column automatically when you use Wrap Text but © | hand edge (for width) or bottom width or row height, ‘which you can also do using the techniques in | dye (lor height) vf tie wulunm vr | | as well as allowing Unig image. This is particularly useful where & | row whose size you wish to you to have Excel including units in a table. ® | change. Your mouse cursor ‘AutoFit the height & | should change, az shown, and and width. | you can then click and drag until © | the cells the size you want. Experiment 1: Making Graphs for Chemistry Assignments Using Excel 16Exercise 1 Try entering the following sample data set on the relationship between elevation and pressure of the atmosphere: Elevation | Pressure (kilometers) | (millibars) 0 1.01 x 103 11 2.26 x 102 20 5.47 x 10° 25 2.49 x 10" 32 8.68 x 10° 47 1.20 x 10° In this example, label the two columns on the spreadsheet to correspond to your data, Put the independent (x-axis) data to the left and the dependent data (y-axis) to the right. This means “Elevation” will appear in cell Al and “kilometers” in cell A2. “Pressure” should be in cell B1 and so on, Enter your data in the columns below each heading. To enter data in scientific notation, type the figures, then instead of "x10" type “E” or “e” and then the exponent, preceded by “-" if appropriate. For example, the number 6.0210? will look like 6.02E+23 (with no space between any of the characters). Your data should look like this: Creating the Graph Start by highlighting or “selecting” the cells on your spreadsheet to be included in your graph. You do this by clicking (left mouse-button) and holding the button down in one corner of the block of data and column headings (for example A1), then dragging the mouse to the opposite corner of the data (for example, B8), then release the button. The first cell you clicked on (A1) will remain white, but the rest of the block will appear as white numbers on a black background. To make a graph, click on the “Insert” tab in the toolbar or ribbon and under the ‘Charts’ dialog box click once on the “scatter” button; choose top left icon “scatter with only markers”. Scientists use the term graph for what Excel calls a chart. Experiment 1: Making Graphs for Chemistry Assignments Using Excel Elevation. Pressure (kilometers) | (millibars) oO 1.01E+03 ii 2.26E+02 20 5.47E+01 25) 2.49E+01 32 8.68E+00 47 1.20E+00 010163 11 2266402 25 249e+01| 32 s.6aesco| 47 1.206+00| 7The graph now appears a little to the right and lower on the sheet than the data table. You can tell that the graph (chart) is in the selected state because a selected graph has square boxes on the corners and each side called handles. Return to the worksheet by clicking once on part of the worksheet that isn’t covered by the graph. Select the graph again by clicking once on it. You can move or size any graph that is selected. Move the graph by pointing to its center, holding the mouse button down, and dragging the graph to the left and down. Position the graph outline with its left upper corner flush against the left margin in cell A10. Click once outside the graph to deselect it. You must now make adjustments to the graph to make it more presentable to the viewer. Click on the graph to display Chart Tools, click on Design, and select Layout 1 the layout on the far left). Change the chart title by clicking once inside the title box, deleting what is already there and typing “Change in Atmospheric Pressure with Elevation”. The chart title should be a concise and accurate description of what the graph presents, not just “Pressure vs Elevation”, Axis labels should include the full name of the axis, followed by the units in parentheses; change the x-axis label to “Elevation (km)” and the y-axis label to “Pressure (mb)” with this same process. Right click on the legend and click delete, Graph legends are not necessary when only one set of data is displayed, To see how the worksheet and graph will appear when printed, go to the office button in the top left hand of your computer. Under “print” toolbar, click the “print preview” button, It looks like a piece of paper with a magnifying glass on it.). You will notice that everything, data and graph, are in the upper left quadrant of the page. Select “Close”. There is another reason to preview-after you print or preview, Excel marks the page boundaries with a dotted line, Notice the dotted line between columns I and J indicating the right edge of the page. Marking the page boundaries is really quite helpful later when you want to size the graph. If any part of a graph crosses the page boundary, the graph will be cut off, and the remainder will print on another page. So get in the habit of routinely previewing early whenever you work with Excel. To change the graph’s size, move the mouse pointer to the graph handle at the lower right corner, Press the mouse button and drag the handle to the right until its almost to the right boundary and down to about row 30. Release the mouse button, and then click outside the graph to deselect it. Transforming Your Data ‘As you can see above, the data in this example describe some kind of curved line instead of a straight one. They would be best described by a mathematical model which is called a non-linear function. A technique long used by investigators is to transform the data to a linear form to make it easier to see how to develop an appropriate model. In this case it is obvious that the pressure data varies by nearly 3 orders of magnitude (a thousand fold) as the elevation Experiment 1: Making Graphs for Chemistry Assignments Using Excel 18increases from only 11 to 47 km (four fold). Let's try transforming the data by computing the base-10 logarithm. Starting in cell C1, label a new column “Pressure, log (mb).” In cell C3, type “=log(B3)” and press enter; you can also type *=log(" and click on cell B3, but if you do this, must make sure to add a parentheses at the end. You have told the spreadsheet to write a formula that takes the base-10 logarithm of the number in cell B3, which is the pressure in mb at the elevation in A3. You could repeat this procedure for cells C4-C8, but the beauty and power of a spreadsheet is that it can do this for you in a very simple way using a feature called AutoFill. Excel places a thick border around a selected cell. There is a square box in the bottom right corner of the border, called the autofill handle. Click on cell C3, and move the mouse pointer to the fill handle. The mouse pointer will change from a large plus sign (or “chubby cross”) to a thin plus sign (“skinny cross”). Holding the mouse button, use the fill handle to move down the column to cell C8, and release the mouse button. Now your data set should look like this: 0 1.01£+03] 3 0432, Elevation | Pressure | Pressure ———+ [kilometers | millibars | log (mb) Be PEE 0 1.01E+03 | 3.004321 20) Sige ii 2.26€+02 | 2.354108 25. 2.496101 20 5.47E4+01 | 1.737987 32 8.68E+00 25 2.49E+01 | 1.396199 47 1.20E+00 32 8.68E+00 | 0.93852 47 1.20E+00 | 0.079181 The AutoFill function has copied the formula, not the value, that you entered in C3, and used it to make comparable calculations in the remaining cells. Now is that slick, or what? If you are using a touchpad, this may be difficult; another way to autofill is to select the range over which you want the data to be filled (in this case, C3-C8), press and hold the “Ctrl” key and, while holding, press the “d” key. This will autofill the formula in the first cell in the selection (C3) to all the other cells in the selection. Re-plot your data using the chart toolbox again. This time the data to be graphed are not in adjacent columns. To select the data, start by selecting the x- axis data, but when you get to the bottom of the first column, press and hold down the “Ctrl” key. Release the mouse button, move the mouse over to the third column of data—the y-axis data—and select that column of data. Release the mouse button and the “Ctrl” key when you are through. Now select the scatter plot under the insert tab and prepare a second graph. Your graph should describe a straight line. Add an appropriate title and axis labels to this graph. You need to move the second graph, since it is superimposed on and obscuring the first graph and other parts of the worksheet. Click once on the new graph, and move it to the left margin just below the first graph. Size the graph Experiment 1: Making Graphs for Chemistry Assignments Using Excel 19so it fills the space to the right margin, and the bottom, but does not extend beyond the boundaries of the page Modeling Your Data (Drawing Lines) To draw a straight line through the data points of the data you have analyzed, we're going to model the data using mathematical functions built into the spreadsheet program. Right click on any data point on your graph. Select the “Add trendline” Option. Check the two boxes at the bottom of this window “Display Equation on chart” and “Display R-squred value on chart’. You should now have a line on the graph that goes through the data points you plotted. Delete the graph legend if it re-appears. The r? is a measure of the “goodness of fit” of the mathematical model to the data, The closer r? is to 1.00, the better the fit. log of Pressure with Elevation y= -0.0631x + 3,0051 log Pressure (mb) os ° 10 20 30 40 50 Elevation (km) Standard Format: Graph Format The graph should conform with the standard format given below: Graph orientation should be “Portrait”; top, left and right margins should be 0.5 and bottom margin should be 1.0; Header should be 0.0 and Footer equal to 0.5. To make these changes, go to the “Page layout” tab. Click “Orientation” and change the graph orientation to portrait. Click on “Margins” and choose “custom margins” to change the margins. Graph title should be font 14 and bold; axis labels should be font 12 and bold; Numbers on axis should be font 10 and not bold; equation for line and R? should be font 8 and not bold. To make the changes to the graph title and axis labels, double click and highlight the text you want to modify, move your mouse Experiment 1: Making Graphs for Chemistry Assignments Using Excel 20slightly to the right, and make the appropriate changes using the appropriate tool in the font dialogue box that appears. The axis scales should be adjusted so that the data completely fills the plot area. You want the lines or curves on all your graphs to be as long as possible, making them easier to interpret. To change each axis scale, right click on an axis value. This will frame all of the values for that axis. Choose “Format axis” option at the bottom of the edit box. Under Axis Options, change “Auto” to “Fixed” for Minimum and Maximum and input appropriate values taking into consideration the low limit (minimum) and the high limit (maximum) of the plotted line. Move the Equation and R? to an area where they do not interfere with or obscure other graph elements. In the chart box, delete the legend box that appears to the right of the graph which reads “pressure millibars”; it is unnecessary, since you only have one data series. The plot should adjust to cover the entire chart box. Standard Format: Page Format To prepare your graphs and data for printing, you should clear the gridlines in the background, and put your name, course, section number, and date at the bottom of the paper. Get rid of the gridlines by clicking the graph and selecting the “layout” tab. Click on “gridlines” under “axes” option, then “Primary Horizontal Gridlines” then choosing “none”. (To get rid of the vertical gridlines, choose “primary vertical gridlines”, then “none”.) A header appears at the top of each page of a document and a footer at the bottom. By default, some versions of Excel place the sheet name (from the sheet tab) in the header, and the page number in the footer, You may decide to put information about the project or lab you are working on in the header later. Create a “Custom Footer” containing your name in the left section, Chemistry 101 with the section number underneath in the center section, and the date the graph was generated in the right section. To do this, click on the “page layout tab", then click on the arrow on the right side of the “page setup” tab. Choose the “header/footer” tab, then click on “custom footer” and fill in the required information. Click on the 4 icon from the left to add the current date. Naming, Saving, and Printing Exercise 1 uses only one worksheet in the current Excel workbook. The sheet tabs at the bottom of the worksheet window are used to move between sheets in the workbook, and can be used to name each sheet. Clicking once on any sheet tab moves the selected sheet to the front, into the worksheet window. Right-click on the tab of the Exercise 1 worksheet and choose the “Rename” option; you can also double-click. The name Sheet 1 is highlighted. When you start typing, Sheet 1 will be replaced with the name you enter. Rename the worksheet P vs Elevation. Experiment 1: Making Graphs for Chemistry Assignments Using Excel aExercise 1 is only one worksheet (Sheet 1) in an Excel workbook. A workbook consists of one or more worksheets saved together in a file. You will be creating other worksheets in the workbook for the remaining exercises in this experiment. Rather than name the file P vs Elevation (which only describes a single worksheet), we will name it Graphing Expt to reflect the contents of the entire workbook file. Save your work on a USB drive and name your file Graphing Expt_your name. It is always a good idea to save before printing. Each additional exercise will be created in a new worksheet within this excel file. You can create a new worksheet by clicking on the icon on the bottom of the screen to the right of your current worksheets. Graphs are separate objects that are included in, and print as part of, a worksheet. You can also print graphs separately. For this exercise you want to print the whole worksheet, so you must click once on the worksheet outside either graph to make certain that neither graph is activated. Click the “Office Button” and then “Print Preview” button to see how your worksheet will be positioned on paper when printed. To print your work, click on the “Print button”. You can also highlight and copy your graphs to word processing programs like Word® and WordPerfect®. Just open your word processor after copying your graph to the clipboard, point to where you want it to go, and click the paste button. Exercise 2 Consider the following data showing the effect of temperature on the solubility of barium chloride (BaClz) in water. Temperature | Solubility (ec) (grams per 100 g water) ° 31.6 10 33.3 20 35.7 40 40.7 60 46.4 80 52.4 100 58.8 Identify which property is the independent variable (the variable that is experimentally varied). In a new worksheet within the same Graphing Expt_Your Name file, create the BaCl2 Solubility data table shown above at the top left- hand corner of the worksheet. You can add subscripts by highlighting the desired number or letter and clicking “Home”, “Font”, and checking the box “subscript”. Notice you can add superscripts the same way. Rename the sheet BaCl, Solubility. Create a scatter graph with a descriptive title and axis labels that include units. Immediately preview it to mark the page boundaries. Move the graph to a position at the left margin and just below the data table. Expand Experiment 1: Making Graphs for Chemistry Assignments Using Excel 2the graph to fill the rest of the page. Insert the type of trendline called polynomial. Display the equation for the curve and the R? value. Adjust the scales of the X axis and the Y axis. Format the graph elements to improve their appearance and match the standard format. Save and print the worksheet with the embedded graph. Exercise 3 Consider the following data showing the effect of pressure on the volume of a carbon dioxide (CO2) gas sample at 0°C, volume pressure (mt) (tor) 42.6 400 344 500 28.4 600 24.3 700 21.3 800 18.9 900 17.0 1000 15.5 1100 14.2 1200 First, identify which property is the independent variable. Create the data table at the top left-hand corner of the sheet, making sure that the independent variable is in the first column (Excel assumes the first column contains the independent variable and later columns contain dependent variables). Rename the sheet. Plotting the data as given will yield a hyperbola, so using Boyle’s law (P:Vi=P2V2), transform the data to a form that gives a linear relationship. Format the transformed pressure numbers to give at least 2 significant digits for each data point. Create a straight-line graph from the data using the standard format. Make certain the independent variable is on the X axis. Adjust axis scales, if needed, and format the graph appropriately. Use the graph to determine volumes for the following pressures: 760 torr, 940 torr, and 1150 torr. Clearly label these values on your graph. Add a trendline and display the equation on your graph. Determine the slope of the line and display the equation on the graph. Save and print the worksheet. Experiment 1: Making Graphs for Chemistry Assignments Using Excel 2Exercise 4 Consider the following data showing the effect of temperature on the vapor pressure of water (H20) at 1 atmosphere temperature vapor pressure (K) (torr) 273 4.6 283 9.2 293 17.5 303 31.8 313 55.3 323 92.5 333 149.4 343 233.7 353 355.1 363 525.8 373 760.0 Prepare a graph of the data. The vapor pressure of a liquid is known to be an exponential function of the temperature. Therefore, the insertion of an exponential trendline allows you to see how well this particular set of experimental data agrees with the predicted behavior. When graphs appear in scientific papers, the convention is for the title to be part of a Figure Caption located below the graph. A caption includes the figure number and a brief, informative description (the title), preferably in non-sentence form. The caption should be understandable without reference to the text of the paper, and should not include material that is not in the text. Move the title to a position below the label on the X axis and at the left margin of the graph. You may have to expand the lower border of the graph. Precede the title with Figure 4.1., including that last period. Format the figure caption, as needed, to improve its appearance. Notice that when a figure caption is used, a formal title above the graph is not necessary. Save and print the worksheet. Prepare a graph of the log P vs. 1/T. Create a figure caption that incorporates the title at the bottom left of the graph. This is Figure 4.2. Add a linear trendline. Format as needed. Save and print the worksheet. Experiment 1: Making Graphs for Chemistry Assignments Using Excel 24Exercise 5 Consider the following data for the decomposition reaction H202(aq) > H20(/) + ¥% O2(g) time | concentration of Hs02 | log of Ha02 (sec) (mol/L) concentration 0 2.32 0.37 300 1.86 0.27 600 1.49 0.17 1200 0.98 -0.01 1800 0.62 -0.21 3000 0.25 -0.60 Prepare a graph of the time and concentration data. Create an appropriate figure caption designated Figure 5.1. A trendline is not required for this graph. Save and print the worksheet. Copy the data table to a separate page of the worksheet. (Move either to the right of or below the boundary of the current page.) On the new page prepare a graph of log H2O2 concentration (log [H202]) versus time. Move the X- axis tick marks and numbers to the bottom of the graph. You can do this by clicking on “chart tools”, “layout”, “axes”, “primary vertical axis", “more primary vertical axis options”, “horizontal axis crosses”: type in the value you want your horizontal axis to cross. Create an appropriate caption for Figure 5.2. Fit the data to a linear trendline and display the equation on the graph. Clearly indicate the value of the slope of the line. Save and print the worksheet. Graphs are separate graphic objects that print as part of a worksheet, as you have seen. You can also print graphs separately. Change the figure number of Figure 5.2. to Figure 5.3., and double-click on the graph to activate it, Then select Print Preview to preview the graph. The graph only will be presented in landscape mode on a full page. Click print to print the graph only in landscape orientation. Click once outside the graph, and save the worksheet. When a graph is not activated (when either the graph or part of the worksheet is selected), the worksheet including graphs will print. When the graph is activated, the graph alone prints. Exercise 6 Effect of temperature on the volume of gases, Many times we need to plot results of different experiments that are similar in nature, on the same graph. Excel, allows for plotting several data on the same chart. In Excel, each set of data is called a “Series”. Experiment 1: Making Graphs for Chemistry Assignments Using Excel 25To plot such graphs in older version of Excel, treat the first set of data (for example H2) as you normally do. To add other series, right click on the graph. Choose “Select Data”, then click “Add”. The “Edit Series” tab appears. Type the series name in the "Series name” box) or click on button on the right to select the range, and highlight the appropriate cell in your worksheet). Similarly, choose the “Series X values” and Series Y values”. Click OK. You can also use this method to fix data series that contain more or less data than you wish. If you click on any point from ‘your data series, colored boxes will appear around the cells, ‘currently included in your series. On many (but not all) versions of Excel, you can drag and resize the boxes by clicking and holding the mouze at one of the corners. Here, the units are mistakenly inclured as rata points, which is causing problems in the ‘graph. Changing the boxes to include only data values (cells, ‘A3-A8 and B3-B8) will fix the problem. ery (=a Data series can also be edited 2| through the Select Data option. To do this, right-click or Clrl- click anywhere in your graph land then choose the Select Data option, which will bring you to the Select Data Source foolbox. Here, yau can remove, add, or edit data series, as shown in the Edit Series toolbox. Clicking on the button’ ext to the Series name, X, oF Y valuse sllowe you to re-select the cell(s) you wish to use for that plement Oner yru've selected the call(s) you want, click the button next to your selection to exit the series selection toolbox. In the newer versions of Excel, all graphs can be plotted in one step, by highlighting the entire data range; just make sure that the independent variable is in the left-most column of the data you select, The following data show the effect of temperature on volume of various gases. Copy the data into a new sheet. Leave cell Al blank. Rename the sheet. Identify the independent variable. He (g) He (g) ‘CHa (g) Temperature | Volume Volume Volume (°C) (L) (Lt) (L) 25 0.94 2.68 2.02 50 1.03 2.92 2.2 75 1,09 3.16 2.36 100 1,18 3.38 2.55 125 3,61 150 3.85 Experiment 1: Making Graphs for Chemistry Assignments Using Excel 26Highlight data range Cells A2 to D8. Insert a chart choosing “Scatter with only markers”. The following graph appears. ooo os 4 3g eet ot 4s vol Avot 1 »—o+—_*_2 ¢ ¢ ° 50 100 150 200 The “Legends” box, on the graph is now needed, because we want to identify the temperature/volume line for each gas. But as it is, it does not provide any useful information. To change that, on the “Design” tab from “pata” group, choose “Select Data’, The “Select Data Source” box appears. In the middle of the box you will see the “Legend Entries (Series)” dialogue box. You can always add, remove, or edit your series using the “Add”, “Remove”, or “Edit” buttons inside the “Legend Entries” box. With the first series highlighted, click on “Edit” button. The “Series name” box appears (and cell B2 on your worksheet will become highlighted). Click on Cell B4 in the worksheet and then OK. The words “Volume (L)” in front of the diamond in the Legends box, changes to H2., making sure the 2 is a subscript. Another alternative is to merely, type the word “Hydrogen” in the window under “series name”. Similarly, change the names of the other two series. Your graph should now look like one of the pictures below. So 6 \ 4 or a 35 > wi sto gee 2 ea oH (g) 25 | BS otivrogen ima mie) 2 a tet now 15 | al oe te) 5 eee Methane | os |@ oO 100 200 Oo oto Experiment 1: Making Graphs for Chemistry Assignments Using Excel 2To add a trendline, from Layout tab, click “trendline” from the “Analysis” group. After choosing “Linear Line” the “Add Trendline” box appears, which contains the names you have given to each series. Click on each series followed by OK Scientists often gather other information by “extrapolation”. Extrapolation simply means to extend the lines beyond the limits of data points. Excel calls this “Forecast”, “Forward Forecast” extends the line to the right and “Backward Forecast” extends it to the left. You can access the Forecast option from “Layout”, “Analysis”, “Trendline", “More trendline Option”. (It is located just above the Line Equation” and R-Squared” boxes). Extrapolate till the line intersects the x-axis, Note that some older versions of Mac Excel cannot do forecasts greater than 5 ‘cycles’, in which case you may need to use a campus computer to complete this exercise. Change the Chart Label to Figure Caption below x-axis label, and call it Figure 6. Insert line equation and R? for each line. Remove all vertical and horizontal gridlines. In “More primary horizontal axis option” (from “Layout, “axis” group, under “Axis” “Primary Horizontal Axis”) change the Minor axis units to “Fixed” and type in 10 in the box. Change the “Major tick mark” to “Inside” and “Minor tick marks” to “Outside”. Post-Lab Questions With the graph for Exercise 6 active, insert a text box anywhere in your graph (in the Insert tab); the graph must be active (selected) when you do this, or the text box will not print with your graph. In the text box, answer to the following questions using the graph and extrapolation, (No calculations are needed), a) At what temperature (°C) the volume of all gases would equal zero? b) What would be the volume of He (g) at 170°C? c) What would be the volume of CH, (g) at 0°C? Print the graph only (Landscape). Experiment 1: Making Graphs for Chemistry Assignments Using Excel 28