she ens r r
Teeand TB | ote 1 155
AllObers fe |
sbe o3s0__| ovo a
como | (Nowe | Ss ons | eas | aed |
Alotes | Soe o30_| evo | wed | Tt
496061 and 96063 of Base Metal Group 1V,
"The maximum Fs the thickness esting From desing ofthe curve surface plane. The minim, i 9 times the maxima,
"The maximum Ty the thcknes resulting fom dressing the curved surface to plane, of 000 in whichever the leet In the fie ca, the
minimum T, i 09 times the maximum nthe second cae the minimum T 0.380 in
"For wal thiknesses of 0.750 to 1.30 in, W sequal tT Fr wall hickneses of 150 in specimens may be cu ito approximately equal sis
beeen 0.75 and 1.50 in wide for testing othe spacers maybe ent a al 3th
cy AWS D17.1/017.1M-2017-aMO2
Table B.3M
Bend Specimens for Groove Welds in Tube (mm)
| Tbe Bend Test Specimen
aan es Dinenstoas am
Base Metal | Type Shown
Diameter | Thickness, | Ress Mst | Type Show Ww
mm nm Min [Max [Mins [Maw
al All Radiographic Examination Required
<6 all Radiographic Examination Reuired
Tasos | Nowa | ToemdTer ] 29 ry 1
e ailotnes | TeeandTBt | web | oed | 19.
| Te-eandtee | 29 3a BL
| | votes,
son soe 29 3a 1
<9519
TBemd TB | Woe | Woea | 19 mE
Alloters or
shes 89 10 1 1
Noes) SBa 29 3a T T
All Others Soy a9 i0a 1 t
zea al Radiogrphie Examination Required
canes | Neca | Temi Ter | 29 3 38 3a
- * All Others | TB-e and TB-f (Note b) (Note b) 38.1 39.4
| | teemdTer | 29 34 ser | 39a
| Note» a |
| >a sbe 29 aa | ot
29519
| TiemiTBi | Woe | Woea | 38] 3a
| alloters or
| sb a9 102 t 1
se | Woen SB-s 29 3a] Now OT
AL Others she se | oa | Woe t
7 A906 an A663 of Bae Mal Grow V
‘Toe mdm stb lans ning hom digo te caved ufo pee. Te mine Tse mac
The maximum se thcinss ling fom desing curved race ox pao 10s mm cheers thst ne est case. he
inti Ts 09 ns the mia na sced ea te man 7 685m
+ Forwall hae f>195 10381 am W ise Feral cine of 78 mm, specimens my be in pprocimatyeq sips
‘twee forgo pesines ny eben fl i
70 AWS 017.1/017-1M:2017-AMD2
l
| i
—s
3 “2 i
:
i
2
eo
Denar vem
ee
4
A
:
er Hi
*
) oe ae ene
atone cee moran
ree eencaes
f
|
H
fe tT
TY
z Li
(©) SIDE BEND
Figure B.1—Bend Specimens in Groove Welded Tube oe en
HE bes
7 Ty T
.
NOTES: - Longitusinal comers of all
specimens shall be rounded
(oa rats not to excaed
10 percent of the finished
— tress
Dashed nes nso
‘machined sutaces,
Where the members of the test
wel ater in wall ticeness,
{he finished dimensions ofthe
‘end speemen shal e based on
‘he thickness ofthe tiekee
a member
SIDE SEND
(0) BEND SPECIMEN SECTION DETAILS
Figure B.1 (Continued) —Bend Specimens in Groove Welded Tube AWS D17.11D17.1M:2017-AMO2
Annex C (Informative)
Informative References
This annex is not par of this standard but is included for informational purposes onl.
Welding Society Standards
QW IM, Specification or Shielded Metal Acc Wein
Ww SM, ion for Low Are Weng
WS AS.9/A5, fication for Bare Stank 2
al 273) Wilding Consumabies-W 2 Hiding OF Atumdoum
|AS.12 (ISO 684 s Tungsten-Allov Electrodes for Arc
and Cutings
AWS AS.L4/AS.L4M, Spec , Nicke-AUlow Bare Welding Elect
Ws iM, (1S0 24034:2010 Mi and Tanlum-Allov Welding Elect
Rods:
“AWSAS.20/05.2 Fl n
IWS A5.29/A5,29M, Spectica Ww dc Weidin
Ws ion for Consumable In
WS AS.32M/AS.32. 2 s and Gas Mixtures for Fu
AWS B4.0M, Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of Welds, Metric Only,
AWS C7.IMICT7.1, Recommended Practices for Electron Beam Welding.
AWS C72, Recommended Practices for Laser Beam Welding. Curing, and Allied Processes,
AWS C7.3, Process Specification for Electron Beam Welding
aw:
AWS DILU/DILIM, Structural Helding Code — Stee!
AWS D1.2/D1.2M, Structural Heiding Code — Aluminum
AWS DI.3/DI3M, Structural Welding Code — Sheet Stel
AWS DI.SM/DI.4, Structural Welding Code — Reinforcing Bar
AWS DILS/DLSM, Bridge Welding Code
AWS DI.6/DI.6M, Structural Meiding Code — Stainiess Steel
AWS D3.6M, Specification for Underwater Welding
AWS D3.2, Standard for Welded Steel — Elevated Tanks. Standplpes. and Reservoirs for Water Storage, (American
Waterworks Association (AWWA) Standard D100
AWS D9.IMIDB.L, See Metal Helaing Code
AWS DILL/DIGIM, India and Ml Crane and Other Material Handling Equipment Spocicanon fr lang
AWS DI4.3/D14.3M, Specification for Welding Earthmoving, Construction. and Agriculraral Equipment
AWS DI44/D14.4M, Specification for Welded Joints in Machinery and Equipment
AWS DI4.S/D14.5M. Specification for Welding of Presses and Press Components
AWS DI4.6/D14.6M, Rovaring Elemenes for Equipment. Specification for Welding
AWS DI4.7/D14.7M, Recommended Practice for Surfacing and Reconditioning of Industrial Mil Rolls
AWS DI4.8M (ISO/TR 17844:2004 IDT), Standard Methods for the Avoidance of Cold Cracks
AWS DIS.1/DIS.IM, Railroad Hiding Specification for Cars and Locomotives ‘AWS D17.1/D17.1M-2017-AMD2
2.412. u 1m Alloy
BB-H-1168, Helium, Technicak
MILeA-18455, Argon, Technical
dation (CGA) document
“GA G-1.1, Commodiy Specification for Ace
CGA G13, Commodi Specification for Ovvgen,
CGA 6-5, Commodi Specification for Hudrogen,
(CGA G-6.2, Commodity Specification for Carbon Dioxide,
A
CGAG-10.1, Commodi Specification for Niroger and
CGAG-1LL, Commodity Specification for Argon.
‘Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) documents;
‘SAEAMS 2680, Electron Beam Welding for Fatigue Critical Applications.
SAE AMS 4191, AJuminum Allow. Wbiding Wire 6.3Cu — 0.30Mn ~ 0 18Z+ — 0.157) - 0.10 (2319)
9 cially Pure Envi Contrall
v i zs
SAE AMS 4956, Dianium Allov Wolding Wire 6Al 4V, Extra Low Interstitial Environmens Controlled Packagit
esistant, Weldis 5Cr = 25,5Ni ~ 1.3Mo- 220 ~ =0.30V
AE AMS 5 x = 1. 2Mo ~ 2 IT; = 0.0048 — 0.30V
Vacuum Ie Melted. Environment led Ps
2 x 5Cr= LIN = 2. li
Melted
{AE AMS $824, Steel, Corrosion Resistant. Welding Wire, 17Cr~= 7.1Ni- 1LOAI
21 qi Wire L5Cr= 5.1 — 5
2, x SSN — 19Cr = 3.0Mo — -
f= 0.504) - 18F Consumable Elac act M
SAE AMS 5837, Nickel Alloy. Corrosion and Heat Resistant. Wblding Wire, 62N1 — 21.5Cr - 9.0Mo = 3.7CbINb)
SAE AMS 5786, Nickel Alloy. Corrosion and Heat Resistant, Welding Wire 62 5Ni- 5 0Cr ~ 24,5Mp - 5 5F2
4
Se ‘AW D17.11017.1M:2017-AMO2
Annex D (Informative)
Cross Referenced UNS numbers to [proprietary
tradenames], ASTM, and AISI Designations
This annex is not part of this standerd but is included for informational purposes only.
Annex D (Informative)
Material UNS numbers cross-referenced to
common name, material grace or alloy type () or to proprietary trade name[]
Grow
(Cable 54) _ Materials
in Treaiable Alley Steels
+ UNS G81300 (4130),
4
), G1400 4140), G43400 (4340), G86300 (8630), K22925 (DAC), K44220
less Steals
Austenitic Stainless Steels
‘+ UNS N08330 (330), $20100 (201), $20200 (202), $21900 (
820400 (304)
“UNS $30300 (308), $30800 (309), 8
34800 (348)
“UNS $65198 (19-9DL), S63198 (19-9DX)
1-6-9), $30100 (301), $30200 (302), $30300 (303),
31000 (310), $31600 (316), $31700 (317), $32100 (321), $34700 (347),
Feritc Stainless Stel:
‘+ UNS 40500 (405), $40600 (409), $42900 (429), $42000 430), $43400 (434), $43600 (436), $43035 (439),
44100 (441)
“UNS $4200 (442), $2460 (446)
‘Matensitc Stainless Stel:
+ UNS $4300 (403), $1600 (410), $4400 (414), 841600 (416), $42000 (420), $42200 (422), $43100 431),
‘4002 («40A)
= UNS $42003 (40), $4004 (400)
Precipitation Harderable Sainles Siels
+ UNS
835000 (AM-350)
a “UNS $35 500 (AM-385), $45000 (Custora@b4S0}, $45500 [Custom455], $66236 (A-286)
iia Wickel and Nieeel Base Alloys
+s UNS N02200 (Nickel 290), NO2201 (Wiekel 201), NOs400 [Monel® 400], NO6OO? [Hastelloy®X], NOGOO7
[Fasilley®6]
INSNO6485 [Hastellay® C4], NO66O0 [Inconel 600], NO6E2S [Inconel 625], NO697S [Hastelloy® G2]
+ UNS No¥020 (Carpemtsh 20C3}, NO320 [Haynes® 20 Mod j, NOS800[Incoloy® 8C0), NO8BIO[Incoloy® 800H]
1N10C0! (Hasteloy® B], N1OD02 (Hestlloy’® C), N10003 [Hastelloy® N]
ql
iis
PHD, $15700 (PH)S-7Mo), S17400 (17-4PH), 817700 (17-7PED, ‘AWS D17.11017.1M42017-aM02
imp
Precipitation Hardening Nekel and Nickel Base Alloys:
“= UNS NO5500 (Morel X500), NO680 | (Inconchb 601], NO7O041 [Rene 41, NO77L [Inconei®> 71], NO77S0
[inconels? X70]
+ UNS N09706 [InconeH 706}, N0890} {Inealoy® 901]
Treatable Aluminum Alloys
SUNS A91O60 (196th, A9T100 (1100), 493003 (3903), A9Z0C4 (3004), A95082 (505:
(086)
UNS A9SIS4 (51
Heat Trestable Alurinum Alloys:
+= UNS 03550 (335), A03560 (356), 103570 (357), A92014 (2914), A97219 (2219), A96051 (6061), A96053
(6063)
Magnesitin Alloy
2), AOSO8® (5083), 495086
), A9S254 (5254), ABSASE (5454), ABSA
(5856), 498652 (3652)
UNS MIO100 (AM 1004), MI 311 (AZ31), MI1610 (AZSLA), ML800 (AZSOA), MI1910 (A291), M11920
(azs2A)
“UNS MI2330 (EZ53/\), M1210 (HM2LA), MI3310 (HK31.A), M1332 (HMB 1A), M13520 (HZ32), M1414]
(Lataia)
uw
vir
‘SUNS R54520 (Ti-SAL-2.58r), R54620 (T!-6AI-28n-4Z1-2Mo, RS4810 (Ti-8AL-1Mo-1V), R56210 (Ti-SAA
2Cb-1Te-IMo)
“+ UNS 55260 (Ti-6Al-2n-42+- 60), 56320 (Ti-3AL-2,5V), RS6400 (Tl-SAL-AV), R56520 (Ti-€AI-6V'~
“UNS 53640 (Ti-3AI-BV-6Cr-4Mo-41Zr)
Cobalt Base Alloys
UNS R30006 [Stelite® 6], 301065 [Stellte® 6), R30021[St-tiew 21), 230023 [Siete
+ UNS R30027 [SteliteB 27], R30039 [Stelite® 30}, R30031 [Stellite® 31]
SUNS R39188 [Haynes 188], R30605)CaspentesP L-605), 3086 [5-816]
16 AWS D17 1/O17-1M:2017-AMD2
Annex E (Informative)
Requesting an Official Interpretation on.
an AWS Standard
‘This.2nnex. is not part of this standard, but js included for informational pumases only.
tion
‘The following prosedures ee hereto assist tard users in submiting succesful requests for official internetations to
athe. gsnsral aublic submitted 1, for. commnittes members thet co not follow these
the sender manswered. AWS reserves the right 0 desline answering spesific-resuests. if AWS.
reason to the individual why t declined,
tations
‘The activities of AWS tec mical com mittee regandinginterrststisns are limited strc 4o the interprstation of provisions
comunittees. Neither AWS staff ror de committees_are in a position to.o%fer interpretive or
‘consulting services on (L) specific enginecring problems, (2) requirements of stancards applied to fabrications outside
the scope of the document, or G) points no. sprsifcally eovere| by the si such sass, the inquirer should seek
ssistanee froma competcr engipcec experience in the parialar field of nest,
re for all Reques
‘ESL Submission, All requests shall be sent to the Managing. Di
stor of AWS Standards Development Division, For
efficient handling. itis prefer that all cequests should Ibe submits electronically through stangards@ews.rg,
Altematively, requests muy he mailed 0:
Managing Director
Standards Development
8669 NW 36 St. #130
Miami, EL 33166
E32 Contact Information, All inuiries s
inguiter.
E3.3 Scope, Fach inquiry shall address one single provision of
| contain the name, address, email, phone nunber, and employer of the
‘more interrelated pro ‘The provision(s) shall be identi 2 of the request along with the edition of the
standard (¢.g., D1.1:2005) hat eontsins the provision(s) the ouire. is addressing,
i All ussts shall be stated in the form of « question that can be answered ‘ves’ or ‘no’, The request
shall ii xs et ugh to enable the committes to understand the point of the issue in question. When the
points not clearly defined. the request rumed for clerfication. Sketches should e used whenever appropriate
and all paragraphs, figures, and tables (or annexes) that bar on te issue in question shall be cited, AWS D17 ¥/017-1M2017-4M02
‘ERS Proposed Auswer(s). Tie inguiter shall provide proposed answer(s) to tet own question(s).
E36 Background, Accitional information.on, the sopic_may_be provided but is not necessary. The question(s) and
‘proposes! answer(s) above shall staad on their cv without the need for additional background information.
E4,_ AWS Policy on Interpretations
‘The American Welding Society (AWS) Board of Ditectors has adopted a policy whereby all official interpretations of
‘AWS standards are hence in ¢ formal manner. Linder this policy. all official inceepretations are approved by the techni-
‘cal commaittee shat is cespansible fo the stander, Communication concerning an official interpretation is directed through
the AWS staff member who works with that technical committee. The policy requires thal all requests for an official
interpretation he submited in writing. Such requests will be handled as expeditiously as possible. but due to the proce:
‘dures that must be followed, some requests for an official interpretation may cake considerable time to complete,
WS Respoi st:
‘Upon anoroval by che committee, the interpretation is an official imerpretation ofthe Society, and AWS shall transmitthe
response to the ingvirer, oublish it inthe HeMing Journe/, and post it on the AWS website
E6. Telephone Inquiries
‘Telephone inguires 1o AWS Headquarters concsming AWS standards should be limits to euestions ofa general nature
or toasters dicectl related tothe use of the standacd. The AWS Board! Policy Manua/ requires that all AWS sta mem=
bers respond to a telephone request for an official interpretation of any AWS standgrd with the information that such an
interpretation can be obtained. only dough a writen request, Headquarter: staft cannot provide consulting services,
However the stafl can refer a caller to any of those consultants whose names a sat AWS Headquarters.
18 ‘AWS 017.11017.14:2017-4MO2
Its the intention of the Cornmictee on Welding in the Aircraft and Aerospace Industries to revise the commentary on
regular basis so that commentery on changes to tie specification can be promptly supplied tothe user. In this manner, the
commentary will always be current with the edition of the specification for fusion welding Aerospace structures with
which itis bound,
El. General Requirements
ELI Scope
‘This specification provides general welding requicements applicable (0 aerospace welded structures. It replaces MIL-
STD-2219, Fusion Welding for Aerospace Applications, and MIL-STD=1595, Qualification of Aircraft Missile and
“Aerospace Fusion Welders, and is intended o complement any specification forthe design and construction of aerospace
‘and aircraf structures. When using this specifietion, customers and the Faginecring Authority should recegmize that not
all provisions may be applicable or suitable to their pacticular structure
Because of the diversity of the mission and systems criteria for aerospace structures, the specification committee allows,
modification of the provisions when deemed necessary by the Engineering Authority and when supported ty engineering
data, All modifieation of specification prov'sions should be clearly referenced in te contractual agreement between the
customer and the Engineering Authority
Evs.1. Ellght Hardware. tn the United States, nonmiltary light structures, including engines, use fo: commercial
and gencal aviation ar subject tothe recuirerents set forth inthe Code of Fedral Regulations (CFR), Tile 14, The
parts ofthe CFR most cirecly applicable to D1”. |D17.1M sre Pans 23, 25,27, 29, 33, ane 43
E112 Nonflight Hardware. Contract requirements in the aerospace industry may not distinguish between welding
mended for Might hardware (evgines, structures, and flight systers) and weléing for support functions (nonfight
stems, tooling, round suoport equipment, and related nonconvertcnal‘cilies). For this reason it was necessary to
create Clause 9
EL2 Units of Measure. For historical purposes, the units of measure have been standardized on the US. Customary
Units, with close equivalents in Intemational System Units. The engineering documentation nits should drive whic
‘measurement units are used during welding snd inspection,
ELS Safety, This specification cannot adres all the safety and health regulations that apply-to welding in evers region
where welding may occur. Therefore, some seference information is provided for the users to review for a_better
Understanding ofthe risks of sing these provesses. But users need to review and gomply with the health and safety
‘regulations that apply.to-the region they are in. Some companies will institut.»
health and safety regulations.
Ed Classification. Aircraft and aerospace structures are classified according to structural integrity requirements, and
welds in these structures commonly are subjectto the same classifications. However, when desien analysis cen demonstrate
thatthe weld(s), of a portion of he welds) in the structure is/are not subject to the same structural integrity requirements
or loads asthe rest of the structure, these welds ray cary different cessitications
(MIL-STD-2219 provided the following nonmandatory clarification for the use of weld classifications A, B, and
og stdigent equirements above Joes)
Class A: Critical applications. Welds the single f2ilure of which would cause loss of system, joss of major component, loss
of control, unintentional reiease of critical stores, o inability @ release armament stores, or endangering personnel.
Class B: Semicritical application. Welds where a failure would reduce overail efficiency of the system, preclude the
intended function or use of the equipment: but loss of the system or erclangering of personnel would not be experienced.
Class C: Noneritical application. Welds where a failure would not affec: the elliciency of the system or endanger personne,
In general, much of the weld design data for Class A and Class B welds used in the aircraft and aerospace industry wes
derived from statistical analysis of data devived from test welds, and studies of weld defects. The extent ofthe testing may
‘ot be consistent from base metal/filler metal combination to base me‘al/base metal combination or gauge to gauge. Early
industry databases generated in the 1950s end [960s established aecepiance standards that were related to workmanship
standards and did not reflect the fracture toughness characteristics of the various materialfller metal combinations.
80 ‘AWS D17.1/017.1M:2017-AMD2
It's the intention of the Committee on Welding in the Aircraft and Acrospace Industries to revise the commentary on a
regular basis so that commentary on changes to the specification can be promptly supplied to the user. In this manner, the
commentary will always be current with the edition of the specification for fusion welding Aerospace structures with
which it is bound.
El. General Requirements
ELI Scope
‘This specification provides general welding cequirements applicable to aerospace welded structures. It replaces MIL-
STD-2219, Fusion Welding far Aerospace Apolicaticns, and MIL-STD-1595, Qualification of Airereft Missile and
Aerospace Fusion Welders, and is intended to complement any specification forthe design and construction of aerospace
and airerafl structures. When using this specificetion, cusiomers and the Engineering Authority shou!d recognize that not
all provisions may be applicable or suitable to their panicular structure
Because of the diversity of the mission and systems criteria for aerospace structures, the specification committee allows
‘modification ofthe provisions when deemed nevessary by the Engineering Authority and when supported by engineering
data, Ali moditication of specification provisions should be clearly referenced in the contractual agreement between the
customer and the Engineering Authority
ELL. Blight Hardware. In the United Stetes, nonmilitary fight structures, including engines, used for commer
and general aviation are subject to the requirements set forth in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 14. The
parts of the CFR most directly applicable to D17.1/D17.1M are Parts 23, 25, 27, 29, 33, and 43,
1.1.2 Nonflight Hardware, Contract requirements in the aerospace industry may not distinguish between welding
intended for flight hardware (engines, structures, and ‘light systems) and welding for support funcrions (nonflight
systems, tooling. ground support equipment, and related nonconventional facilities), For this reason it was necessary to
create Clause 9
EL2_Units of Measure. For bistorsel purposes, the nts of measure have been standardized on the U.S. Customary
Units. with slose. equivalents in Intemational System Units, The enginesring documentation units should drive which
ELS Safety, This specification cannot eddres ll the saz: and health regulations tha‘ apply to welding in every region
where welding may occur. Therefore, some _cefe formation is provided for the users to revisw for a better
understanding of the risks of using these processes, Bul, users need to ceview and comply with the health and safety
regulations thet apply_tothe region iy. in, Some. companies will institu'e-moreswringent requirements above lal
health and safety regulations.
El.d Classification. Aireraft and aerospace structures exe classified according to structural integrity requirements, and
welds in these sructures commonly sre subjec:tothe sere classificstions. However, when design analysis can demonstrate
thatthe eld(s), o a postion ofthe weld(s) in the structure is/are not subject to the same structural integrity requirements
or loads as the est ofthe structure, these welds may carry efferent classifications
(MIL-STD-23
19 provided the following nonmandatory clarification forthe ue of weld classifications A,B, and C:
Class A: Critical applications. Welds the single failure of which would cause lass of system, less of major component, loss
of control, unintentional release of critical stores, or inability to release armament stores, or endangering personnel.
Class B: Semicritical spplication Welds where a failure would reduce overail efficiency ofthe system, preclude the
Intended function or ase of the equipment; but joss of the system or endangering of personne! would not be experienced.
Class C: Noncritical application. Welds where a failure would not affect the efliciency ofthe system ar endanger personnel.
In general, much of the weld design data for Class A and Class B welds used in the aircraft and aerospace industry was
derived from statistical analysis of data derived from test welds, and studies of weld defeats. The extent ofthe testing may
not be consistent from base metab/filler metal combination to base metal/base incial combination or gauge to gauge. Early
industry databsses generated in the 1950s and 1960s established acceptance standards that were related to workmanship
standarcs and did net reflect the fracture toughness charscteristics ofthe various material/filler metal combinations. AVIS O17 1/017.1M2017-AMD2.
Consequently, there may be a degree of conservatism in the application of acceptance standards to welds in certain mate-
rials, while in others the standarcs may be :oo liberal. When selesting the appropriate weld classification and the extent
of inspeetion, the Engineering Authority should consider not only the strue-ural integrity requirements, but the sbility to
inspeet, repair, cr replace during the design life of the structures
‘This specification recognizes that there are other factors that may enter into the selection of weld classifications and
‘consequently uses weld classifications to identify the level for inspection and the acceptance criteria, The reason for this,
approach is that two identical welds may be exposed to differen: environments, heve diferent degrees of accessibility for
‘maintenance inspection during its design life, and be subject to different loading conditions (i... static versus dynamic).
Iti incumbent on the Engineering Authority to establish the weld classification that is both cost effective and ensures the
structural integrity of the welement for any given application.
E2. Normative References
Government standards orgenizations and industry standards organizations maintain their standards to be in line with eure
rent practices, technology and regulatory requirements. Expect that there will be periodic changes to reference standards.
Itis important to clearly understand the effective edition of any given reference standard. In the case of undated refer-
ences, the contract or purchase order can explicitly define the effective date, whieh then controls the edition. When
explicitly defined, it is typically the edition of the reference in effeet atthe date af the contract or purchase order rather
than the latest edition in effect atthe time of faarication,
{In some situations, the latest edition of 2 standard in effect may be a notice, The text
within a supersession notice provides clear direction on the replacement standard to use. Carefully review the text within
a cancellation notice to determine whether there is mandatory direction on the required replacement provisions. In the
absence of mandatory direction, consult wich the Engineering Authority co determine suitable replecerent provisions.
E3. Terms and Definitions
‘The purpose of the Terms end Definitions clause is to define terms that
‘or may have a meaning d fVetent tnan in other fabrication industries.
unique to the sireraft and aerospace industry
E4, Design of Welded Connections
EAL Scope, The ability of a weld to achieve its purpose or mission starts with the design process. Neither fabrication
prowess nor inspection detection capability can overcome a poor or inadequate design. The design process, ina lerge part,
‘will set the baseline for fabrication and life costs of the weldment. Weld joint selection and joint location play 8 major
role in a weld's manufacturability and inspectability. Joint azeessinility far oth welding and inspection provide a good
bis fora sound weld, Ibis important thatthe des sider fabrication esti secboiques nessssanvta
produce an acccptable weld.
E42 Weldment Design Data. The first step in the design precess should be to ensure that there is adequate data that
reflect the performance of tie we'd zone under the anticipated leading conditions. This weld zone includes the weld metal
and the adjacent parent metal, or beat-affected zone (HAZ). lof the components of the weld zone, not just the weld
‘metal, make up the we'd jon
‘The weld joint performance and properties are often affected by subsequent processing. Tis processing includes heat
treatment, forming, or peening, to name s few. Consideration of weld discontinuities is part of sound design analysis. It
is important to remember that fusion welding is an in-situ casting process and weld metal discontinuities often oceur.
The presence of absence of weld reinforce-nent, or the use of Weld ands, determines which area of the weld zone drives
performance’ the weld, the HAZ, or parent meta. Weld lands are sometimes used where tne join strength, o other prop-
‘erties, are less than the parent metal
Shrinkage and the resulting residual stress are normal occurrences in fusion welding, The residual stress present will
affect the performance of the weld zone. Under some loading conditions this effect will be deleterious. Steps may be ‘AWS D17-\uD17-1M-2017-AMO2
necessary 10 either reduce the residual stress in the weld zone with a postwelding treatment or to compensate for its
effects by modifying the weld joint esign. In the case of shrinkage, prewelding joint details may include added material
to allow the weldment to meet postwelding dimensional requirements
E43 General Drawing Requirements
F43.1 Drawing Information, There should be sufficient unambiguous information concerning the size, extent, type,
location, and inspection requirements for the welds on ‘ie engineering drawing to allow the fabricator to produce the
welds. The engineering drawing is ofien the sole mechanism by which the Engineering Authority communicates the
weldment requirements to the fabricator and the inspactor. There are some cases where the standard symbols of AWS
A2.4 do not adequately describe the required weld and inspections, In these cases the Engineering Authority should add
enough additional information, often in the form of weld details, to the engineering drawing to provide reasonable
assurance thatthe fabricator understands what type of weld to produce and how to inspect it
E43.2 Groove Welds. Full penetration groove welds aro the default requirement. Full penetration welds donot have
the built-in weld oot discontinuity that is alwys present na partial penetration weld joint. Ths, the internal examination
of fll penetration groove weics for dscontiniies is more straightforward than tat for partial penetration groove welds.
The effective eres ofa groove weld coupled with the wele metal strength indicates the load-carrying capacity ofthe weld
metal. Weld reinforcement is not considered wien calculating th effective area of a groove weld for loading analysis,
because einforcernent sof litle benefit to the load-carrying eapacity ofthe weld joint
4.3.3 Fillet Wolds. The typical practice in welding is vo specify the fillet weld size as a minimum with the maximum.
size controlled by the governing fabrication secification. However, staing a specific maximum weld size is prudent
when mechanical interference may-occur at higher ssserably level. The effective area ofa fillet weld coupled with the
‘strength ofthe weld filler metal in shear determines the strength of the fillet joint. Some filletwweld metals may have shear
strength values that differ according to the direction of the applied shear stress. The principal shear stress directions are
parallel or perpendicular (longitudinal or transverse) tothe length ofthe fillet weld
In this specification the minimum distance from the design joint root to the face of the triangle representative of the fillet
weld cross section for the minimum allowable size isthe effective throat. Tie definition here is consistent with that in
AWS D1.1/D1.1M but cffers from AWS A3.0M/A3.0. Because fillet welds are triangular in cross section (often a right
triangle), increasing the effective throat requires a disproporcionate amount of addtional weld metal. For example, chang
ing the fille weld size from 1/8 to 3/16 in 3.2 to 4.8 mam] in a 90-degree equal leg fillet weld with no root gap increases
the effective throat by a factor of 1.5 while weld metal volume increases by a factor of 2.25. This modest joint strength
boost comes with a proportionally larger potential for distortion.
F4.3.4 Essential Information. The eight listed categories provide the minimum drawing information sufficient to
address most situations, Its ineurnbent upon the Engineecing Authority to add additional requirements to the engineering,
documentation when warranted. The Engineering Authority has met its obligations when all essential information
required to successfully perform the weld has len unambiguously documented.
F435 Inspection Requiremeats. Itis important to establish both the appropriate inspections and aczeptance criteria
for each weld joint or separate regions within the weld joint, based upon the service loading conditions. The weld joint
classifications A, B, and C provide generally suitable levels of inspection and acceptance criteria. The Engineering
Authority may tailor inspection and acceptance criteria for each weld to best suit the application and the loading conditions.
Inspections and acceptance criteria applied generically 19 ¢ weldment may lead to under-inspection of some welds and
over-inspection oF athers, Consider the practicality of mating the accepzance criteria chosen. Choosing acceptance cri-
teria beyond the capability of the welding process may lead to numerous inspection rejections, increasing costs. Every
inspection technique has i's own weld joint access requirements and detection limitations. Designs and/or the inspection
process(es) selected may require reevaluation if the accepiance criteria are beyond the detection capability of the inspec-
tion process(es).
ES. Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification
The fundamental porpose ofthe welding pmeedute and pecformance qualification cleuse of this specification isto pro-
vide basie requirements epplicable to most stations. When necessary, it allows latitude forthe use of Engineering,
Authority's judgment ‘Avis 017.1/017.1M20;7-AMD2
‘This version of D17.1/D17.1M:2017 has mace significant changes to this section. In previous revisions, the main focus
was performance qualification o' 1: personnel with much ef the procedure cuslification lef to the Engineering
‘Authority to specify, Currently, the subeommittee’s intent isto specify the exact requirements for procedure qualitication,
which the Engineering Avthority cen use as is or make additions or exceptions to as necessary
ESA General. As a ceminder, MIL-STD-1595A and MIL-STD-2219 were used as the basis for this clause. It continues
to evolve with each revision
ES2 Welding Procecure Data ans Qualification. All welds cequire a writen procedure. The required content
wes specified in Table 5.1. As stated in 5.22, °WDSs for Class A and Bseelds shall have a
supporting POR”. In other words, procedures for these welds will be qualified with data proving the ability to mest the
Tequitements. WPSs for Class C welds do jggested format for WPSs and PORS is in
Annex G.
DIZUDUAM2017, a5 referenced above. has not waived the need for qualification of Class A and Class B welds.
However, the requirement for settings on anual welds snot practical. The welder is unable to view amperage or voltage
meter readings, or to accurately estimate travel speed. Aeresaace end Aircraft welder qualification/certfication require-
iments often exceed structural welding qualification requirements. Consequently. the committe fas maved heyond the
‘old paradigm of specifying weld settings on manual operations. Other methods have been defined and vsed to capture and
‘maintain the necessary control, One method, when welding with GTAW. is to specify a single tungsten electrode size,
‘electrode tip presaration geometry, end shielding gas soting. Ths results in a more practical and measurable method for
controlling the amperage rather than having to specify a specific amperage level. A certified welder is rained to recognize
weld puddle benvior.
‘The weld variability can be reduced! by sualfying the qualification variables in 8 viritten weld procedure such as: type of
as, AC or DC current, polarity, tungsien geometry, base metal alicy (and ganditian) filler type and diameter, torch size,
cup size, leadlag angle, eporopriate fixturing, joint backup gas or other, shielding trailers, gas flow and most important
“specifics” for successful welding of the given component, The basic rule is ifthe welder can control a welding variable
uring the welding process (Hood Up), such as those listed above, they are to be spacified/qualified on the weld proce-
dure specification’ weld schedule anc locked down to specific parameters. Welding variables that cannot be controlled by
the welder when welding (Hlood Down) need not be listed on the weld procedure
£5.36 E54 Pecforsmance Qualification. [nthissevision, litle hes changed for elder and welding operator performance
‘quilifcaton requirements, The changes ace pcimarily editorial,
F6. Fabrication
‘EGA Seope. The fimndamestal purpose of the Fabrication clause of this specification is to provide basic requirements
applicable to most sicuations. When necessary, it allows latitude for use of the engineering judgment by the Engineering
Authority
‘£62 Welding Consumables. Duc tothe criticality of many aerospace weldments, the ientification, storage, and the use
ofall welding ecnsumabies (including wices, ods, inserts, fluxes, gases, ee.) require proper controls. Many fallures have
been attributed to using che incoxeYou might also like
