1 (a) The brightness of bulb depends on the length of wire

(b) Longer the length of wire, brighter the bulb

(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between the length of wire with the resistance of wire at constant
current
(ii) Manipulated variable: Length of wire used
Responding variable: Resistance of wire // Potential difference across the wire
Constant variable: Current //Diameter of wire //Resistivity of wire
(iii) Power supply, connecting wires, ammeter, voltmeter, rheostat, constantan wires of different
lengths, metre rule
(iv)

(v) The circuit is set up with length of constantan wire, l = 10.0 cm.
The switch is on. The current, I, is fixed 0.5 A for the whole experiment by adjusting a
rheostat.
The potential difference across the constantan wire from voltmeter reading, V, is
recorded. Resistance, R, is calculated from the formula of R = .
The procedure is repeated with length of constantan wire, l = 20.0 cm, 30.0 cm, 40.0 cm and
50.0 cm and the respective value of potential difference, V are recorded and then the resistance
R are calculated.
(vi) l / cm V/V R/
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
(vii) A graph of R /  against l / cm is plotted.
2 (a) The distance between two adjacent waves depends on the depth of water
(b) Shallower the depth of water, nearer the distance between two adjacent waves
(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between the wavelength of wave with the depth of water at
constant frequency of wave
(ii) Manipulated variable: depth of water
Responding variable: wavelength
Constant variable: frequency of vibrator
(iii) Ripple tank, vibrator, metre rule, tap water, stroboscope, plain paper, lamp, power supply,
(iv)

(v) The experiment is started by filling the ripple tank with water with depth, d = 1.0 cm.
The vibrator is on and the waves are freeze using a stroboscope before sketched on plain paper.
The wavelength, , is measured using metre rule. The wavelength is measured by measuring the
distance between two adjacent crests.
The experiment is repeated with depth of water, d = 2.0 cm, 3.0 cm, 4.0 cm and 5.0 cm and the
respective wavelength of waves are measured.
(vi) d / cm  / cm
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
(vii) A graph of  / cm against d / cm is plotted.
3 (a) The pressure experienced by the diver depends on the density of water.
(b) Higher the density of water, higher the pressure of water
(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between the density of water with the pressure of water at
constant depth of water
(ii) Manipulated variable: density of water
Responding variable: pressure of water
Constant variable: depth of water
(iii) Thistle funnel, metre rule, manometer, electronic balance, mercury, water, salt
(iv)

(v) -The tall beaker is filled with water. Noted that the density of water is varied by varying the
amount of salt dissolved into the water. The salt of mass, m = 10 g is dissolved into the water.
-The thistle funnel is immersed into the water to a constant depth, h cm. The pressure of water is
determined by measuring the difference in the mercury level, x cm, using the metre rule which
represents the pressure of water, P.
-The experiment is repeated with the mass of salt, m = 20 g, 30 g, 40 g and 50 g and the
difference in the mercury levels, x cm, are measured.
(vi) m/g x / cm
10
20
30
40
50
(vii) A graph of x / cm against m / g is plotted
4 (a) The acceleration of sow sledge depends on the pulling force of dog
(b) Higher the pulling force, higher the acceleration of snow sledge
(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between the pulling force with acceleration of trolley at constant
mass of trolley
(ii) Manipulated variable: pulling force
Responding variable: acceleration of trolley
Constant variable: mass of trolley
(iii) Runway, trolley, rubber band, ticker timer, ticker tape, metre rule, power supply of 12 V,
connecting wires
(iv)

(v) -The runway is raised to certain height until the trolley can roll down freely. The ticker timer is
connected to the 12 V a.c power supply with the ticker tape attached on it and also to the trolley.
-The experiment is started with pulling down the trolley using one elastic cord. One elastic cord
will represent one unit of force, F = 1.0 N and the elastic cord is stretched to the same length
throughout the experiment.
-The ticker tape obtained will be cut into 6 strips whereby 1 strip has 10-ticks.
The initial velocity, u =
The final velocity, v =
Acceleration of trolley, a = ms-2
-Repeat the experiment with 2, 3, 4 and 5 elastic cord together to pull down the trolley along the
runway and the respective acceleration of trolley are calculated from the ticker tape obtained.
(vi) F/N a / ms-2
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
(vii) A graph of a / ms-2 against F / N is plotted
5 (a) The reflected angle depends on the incident angle
(b) Higher the incident angle, higher the reflected angle
(c) With the use of apparatus such as white paper, ray box and other suitable apparatus, describe one
experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in 3(b). In your description, state clearly the following:
Dengan mengunakan alat radas seperti kertas putih, kotak sinar dan lain-lain radas yang sesuai, terangkan satu
eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 3(b). Dalam penerangan anda, jelaskan perkara
berikut:

(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between the angle of incidence with the angle of reflection at
constant angle between plane and mirror
(ii) Manipulated variable: incident angle
Responding variable: reflection angle
Constant variable: angle between the plane and mirror
(iii) Ray box with single slit, power supply, mirror, protractor, plain paper
(iv)

(v) -The experiment is started with angle of incidence, i = 20o. A ray of light from the ray box is
directed to the plane mirror.
-The reflected ray is marked and joined using a ruler. The angle of reflection, r, is measured by
using a protractor.
-Repeat the experiment by using i = 30o, 40o, 50o and 60o and the respective reflected angles, r,
are measured.
(vi) i/º r/º
20
30
40
50
60
(vii) A graph of r / º against the i / º is plotted.
6 (a) Distance between two continuous coherent water waves depends on the distance between two spherical
dippers
(b) Further the distance between two spherical dippers, nearer the distance between two coherent water
waves
(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between the distance between two spherical dippers with the
distance between two constructive lines
(ii) Manipulated variable: distance between two spherical dippers
Responding variable: distance between two constructive lines
Constant variable: depth of water
(iii) Ripple tank, vibrator, metre rule, tap water, stroboscope, plain paper, lamp, power supply,
(iv)

(v) -Two spherical dippers are attached to the water.

-The experiment is started with the distance between spherical dippers, a = 5.0 cm
-The distance between two constructive or destructive interference on the screen, x is measured
with the ruler and recorded.
-The experiment is repeated by increasing the distance between two spherical dippers, a = 6.0
cm ,7.0 cm, 8.0 cm and 9.0 cm and the respective distance between two constructive
interference, x, are measured.

(vi) x / cm a / cm
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
(vii) A graph of a / cm against the x / cm is plotted.
7 (a) Inference: The speed of car depends on the strength of magnet
(b) Hypothesis: higher the strength of magnet, higher the speed of car
(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between the distance of copper rod moved with the strength of
magnet used
(ii) Manipulated variable: number of magnet used
Responding variable: distance of copper rod move
Constant variable: current used
(iii) Bare copper rod, magnadur magnet, ammeter, rheostat, d.c power supply, C-shape iron core,
ruler, copper track
(iv)

(v) -The original position of copper rod on the copper track is marked.
-Two magnet bars, n = 2, are placed on the end of C-shape iron core as shown in diagram. The
switch is closed and the rheostat is adjusted until the ammeter reading is fixed at 1.0 A.
-The distance moved by the copper rod, d cm, is measured using ruler.
-The experiment is repeated with number of magnet bar, n = 4, 6, 8 and 10 and the respective
distance travelled by copper rod, d, are measured.
(vi) n d / cm
2
4
6
8
10
(vii) A graph of d / cm against n is plotted.
8 (a) The height of track affects the speed of boy skating down the track
(b) Higher the track, higher the speed of boy skating down the track
(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between the height of trolley down the runway with the velocity
of trolley at constant mass of trolley
(ii) Manipulated variable: height of trolley released
Responding variable: velocity of trolley
Constant variable: mass of trolley
(iii) Runway, trolley, ticker timer, ticker tape, metre rule, power supply of 12 V, connecting wires
(iv)

(v) - The ticker timer is connected to the 12 V a.c power supply with the ticker tape attached on it
and also to the trolley.
-The experiment is started with the height of trolley, H = 20.0 cm.
-The ticker tape obtained will be cut into 10-tick strip whereby first few ticks are ignored.
The velocity, v =
-Repeat the experiment by increasing the height of trolley being rolled down, H = 30.0 cm, 40.0
cm, 50.0 cm and 60.0 cm and the respective velocity of trolley are calculated from the ticker
tape obtained.
(vi) H / cm v / cms-1
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
(vii) A graph of v / ms-1 against the h / cm is plotted
9 (a) Inference: Volume of water affects the rise of temperature of water //Mass of water affects the rise in
temperature
(b) Hypothesis: Higher the volume of water, higher rise in the temperature of water
(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between the volume of water with the rise in temperature at
constant heating time
(ii) Manipulated variable: Volume of water // Mass of water
Responding variable: Rise in temperature
Constant variable: Heating time
(iii) Immersion heater, beaker, stopwatch, thermometer, power supply, tap water, stirrer
(iv)

(v) The experiment is started by filling the beaker with volume of water, V = 100 cm3. The initial
temperature of water, θo is fixed at 30ºC by giving some heat.
-The water is then heated with a constant time of 2 minutes. The final temperature of water, θ i is
recorded. The rise in temperature, θ, is calculated from formula of θ = θi – θo.
-The experiment is repeated with volume of water, V = 200 cm3, 300 cm3, 400 cm3 and 500 cm3
and the rise in temperature are calculated respectively after measuring their respective final
temperatures.
(vi) V / cm3 θ / ºC
100
200
300
400
500
(vii) A graph of θ / ºC against V / cm3 is plotted
1 A1 and A2 / A1 dan A2: i = 30º, sin i = 0.500, r = 17º, sin r = 0.292
B1 and B2 / B1 dan B2: i = 40º, sin i = 0.643, r = 24º, sin r = 0.407
C1 and C2 / C1 dan C2: i = 50º, sin i = 0.766, r = 30º, sin r = 0.500
C1 and C2 / C1 dan C2: i = 60º, sin i = 0.866, r = 35º, sin r = 0.574
C1 and C2 / C1 dan C2: i = 70º, sin i = 0.940, r = 39º, sin r = 0.629
(a) (i) Manipulated variable: incident angle
(ii) Responding variable: Refracted angle
(iii) Constant variable: refractive index of glass
(c) i/º r/º sin i sin r
30 17 0.500 0.292
40 24 0.643 0.407
50 30 0.766 0.500
60 35 0.866 0.574
70 39 0.940 0.629
1 mark – all symbols are correct, 1 mark – all units are correct, 1 mark – consistent decimal places
(d) 1 tick – both axes have correct symbols
1 tick – correct unit for both axes
1 tick – uniform scales
2 ticks – all are correctly plotted / 1 tick if got mistake
1 tick – line of best fit
1 tick – size of graph (>70%)
5 marks: 7 ticks, 4 marks: 5– 6 ticks, 3 marks: 3–4 ticks, 2 marks: 2 ticks, 1 mark: 1 tick, 0 mark: 0 tick
(e) sin r increases linearly to sin i
2
Zero error, e = – 0.02 cm
F = 1.0 N
do = 0.26 cm
d = 0.28 cm
F = 2.0 N
do = 0.60 cm
d = 0.62 cm
F = 3.0 N
do = 1.04 cm
d = 1.06 cm
F = 4.0 N
do = 1.49 cm
d = 1.51 cm
F = 5.0 N
do = 1.80 cm
d = 1.82 cm
(a) (i) Manipulated variable: force // mass of slotted weight
(ii) Responding variable: pressure // depth of dent
(iii) Constant variable: surface area in contact between the wooden rod and plasticine
(c) (iii) F/N do / cm d / cm
1.0 0.26 0.28
2.0 0.60 0.62
3.0 1.04 1.06
4.0 1.49 1.51
5.0 1.85 1.87
1 mark: all symbols present, 1 mark: all units are correct, 1 mark: consistent decimal
(d) 1 tick – both axes have correct symbols
1 tick – correct unit for both axes
1 tick – uniform scales
2 ticks – all are correctly plotted / 1 tick if got mistake
1 tick – line of best fit
1 tick – size of graph (>70%)
5 marks: 7 ticks, 4 marks: 5 – 6 ticks, 3 marks: 3 – 4 ticks, 2 marks: 2 ticks, 1 mark: 1 tick, 0 mark: 0
tick
(e) d is directly proportional to F.
3 Diagram 1.3: F = 0.5, x = 1.6 cm, y = 2.7 cm Diagram 1.4: F = 1.0, x = 2.2 cm, y = 4.6 cm
Diagram 1.5: F = 0.5, x = 2.7 cm, y = 6.2 cm Diagram 1.6: F = 1.0, x = 3.0 cm, y = 7.8 cm
Diagram 1.7: F = 0.5, x = 3.5 cm, y = 9.6 cm
(a) (i) Manipulated variable: force
(ii) Responding variable: acceleration
(iii) Constant variable: mass of trolley
(b) (i) All the values of x and y are correct: 2 marks
3 to 4 values of x and y are correct: 1 mark
(ii) All five readings of a correct: 2 marks
* Note: 3 or 4 values of a correct: 1 mark
(c) F/N x / cm y / cm a / cms-2
0.5 1.6 2.7 5.5
1.0 2.2 4.6 12.0
1.5 2.7 6.3 18.0
2.0 3.0 7.8 24.0
2.5 3.5 9.6 30.5
Give a tick () based on the following:
A  Columns F, x, y and a
B  Correct units for F, x, y and a
C  All values of F, x, y and a written consistent decimal places
Marks awarded :
Number of  Marks
3 3
2 2
1 1
(d) 1 tick – both axes have correct symbols
1 tick – correct unit for both axes
1 tick – uniform scales
2 ticks – all are correctly plotted / 1 tick if got mistake
1 tick – line of best fit
1 tick – size of graph (>70%)
5 marks: 7 ticks, 4 marks: 5 – 6 ticks, 3 marks: 3 – 4 ticks, 2 marks: 2 ticks, 1 mark: 1 tick, 0 mark: 0
tick
(e) a is directly proportional to F.
4 (a) (i) V will decrease [Reject any other answer]
(ii) 1 mark: show extrapolation of line on graph
1 mark: correct value with unit for V = 1.0 V
(iii) Electromotive force
(b) 1 mark: Show the right angle triangle with two points [ size of 4 cm × 4 cm]
1 mark: show substitution of values to get gradient
1 mark: correct answer with unit [1 mark] m = – 0.67  // – 0.67 VA-1
(c) (i) 1 mark: show substitution
1 mark: Correct answer with unit
1.0 = V + 0.8(0.67)
V = 0.464 V
(ii) 1 mark: show substitution
1 mark: correct answer with unit
R=
R = 0.515 
(d) Avoid parallax error by placing the eye perpendicular to the scale of voltmeter during reading
All connections of the circuit must be tight