MODULE FOR UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS (FIRST

QUARTER)
By Jezreel Iyyar D. Valdeavilla, 2018

LESSON 1 – CONCEPT OF IDENTITY

Identity is a distinctive characteristic that defines an individual or is shared by
those belonging to a particular group. It can
be influenced by different factors such as sexual and gender orientation, religion,
nationality and social groups. A person’s
identity can change over the course of his/her lifetime (ex. from being son to
father). It is important because identity shape
both individual and group behaviour as well as people’s views about other people
and society.

Learning about one’s self, culture and society entails knowledge about various
identities and how these shape people’s
views and behaviour. Reflecting on this enables a person to appreciate what makes
him/her similar to and different from
other people, thereby avoiding prejudices (ex. Muslim do not eat pork). A holistic
knowledge and understanding of the
characteristics and overall identities of one’s self, of other people, and of
different groups in society can lead to a better
world. One concrete way of achieving this is through constant dialogue and
interaction with each other.

ACTIVITY
 The students are going to create their own personal symbols like flag and seal
in a long typewriting that will best reflect
their personality and identity. It will be graded based on the rubric below:

Criteria 5 4
3 2 1
Aesthetic status of the output
Explanation of the symbols created in the output

LESSON 2 – ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE

Anthropology
 Came from two Greek words which means “the study of man.”
 It is a systematic study of the biological, cultural and social aspects of
man. It integrates elements from the biological
sciences and humanities to fully understand the human species including its
past practices and social patterns
across diverse culture.
 Renowned anthropologists are Edward Taylor, Franz Boas, Alfred Kroeber and
Margaret Mead.
 It has five branches:
1. Social Anthropology - Studies how social patterns and practices that
develop across different societies.
2. Cultural Anthropology - Studies cultural variation across different
societies and examines the need to
understand each culture in its own context.
3. Linguistic Anthropology - Studies language and discourse and how they
reflect and shape different aspects
of human society and culture.
4. Biological/Physical Anthropology - Studies the origins of human as well
as the interplay between social
factors and the processes of human evolution, adaptation and variation
over time.
 5. Archaeology - Deals with the study of prehistoric and past societies by
studying their tools they left behind
and environment.

Sociology
 Study human social life, groups and society. It is an academic discipline that
attempts to provide a deeper
assessment of individual and group behaviour, as well as social phenomena by
examining the interplay between
economic, political and social factors.
 Seek to explain the bases of social order and social change.
 Examine and create new insights on the different elements of society such as
culture, gender, race, ethnicity, social
movements, class and other forms of social movements, crime, and other
organization and institution.
 Improvements in social policy and welfare rely on research conducted by
Sociologists.
 It has been shaped by the works of Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx,
Emile Durkheim and Max Weber.

Political Science
 Systematic study of politics and the activity through which people make,
preserve and amend the general rules
under which they live.
 It focuses on the fundamental values of equality, freedom and justice and its
processes are linked to the dynamics
of conflicts, resolution and cooperation.
 Help us to understand the nature and characteristic of authority and power
distribution and how they shapes the
way society is organized.
 It has been influenced by the works of Greek philosophers like Plato and
Aristotle as well as European thinkers like
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Niccolo Machiavelli, Baron de Montesquieu, Thomas
Hobbes, John Locke, and Karl Marx.

LESSON 3 – ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES

Anthropological view
 It considers culture as the central focus of its discipline which studies the
different cultures of different societies.
 Examines and provides explanations for the existence of different cultural
patterns as well as the similarities and
differences between different cultures.
 Two major views about how cultures should be considered in comparing it to
each other:
 1. Relativistic Approach considers cultures as equal and view that
there are no superior and inferior cultures
and that each cultures are unique in its own way.
2. Ethnocentric Approach believe that one’s native culture is superior
to other cultures which tend to have
a negative view on other countries and people.

Sociological view
 It relates culture with the overall context of social order.
 Different sociological perspectives are:
1. Structural Functionalism believes that society is a stable and orderly
system. It consider culture as a glue
that binds society together which lead to social order.
2. Conflict Theory assumes that there are a constant power struggle among
the various social groups and
institutions within a society. It study the culture of the dominant
classes and it analyse how this culture is
being imposed to other. The effective domination of this class
brings social order.
3. Symbolic Interactionism views individual and group behaviour and
social interactions as defining features
of society. It believe that culture provides shared meanings to the
members of society. The more meaning
shared, the more social order will be ensured.

LESSON 4 – SOCIETY
Society is a group of individuals sharing a common culture, geographical location
and government. Human beings are
considered to be naturally inclined to establish societies since it is in
interacting that they are able to ensure their survival.

Elements of Society
1. Social solidarity
2. Shared identity and culture
3. A common language
4. Large population/ability to sustain succeeding generations of members
5. Definite geographical area
6. Political, economic and social organization

Five major types of societies based on how they changed and developed over time
1. Hunting and gathering
 The first societies. Its basic social and economic units were the
family and local clan.
2. Horticultural and pastoral societies
 Emerged from the shift to a sedentary life and by the introduction of
agriculture as a more stable food
production method than hunting and gathering.
3. Agricultural societies
 Established the first permanent settlements and cities in Mesopotamia
and China. Its spread leads to the
foundation of many civilizations.
4. Industrial societies
 Emerged from the Industrial revolution that took placed on England.
Technological advancements resulted
in the invention of machines that improved production. Urban cities
and centre were developed at this time.
 5. Post-Industrialist societies
 Knowledge is a commodity and technological innovation is key to long-
lasting growth and development.

LESSON 5 – CULTURE
Culture is that complex whole which encompasses beliefs, practices, values,
attitudes, laws, norms, artefacts, symbols,
knowledge and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of a society.
(Based on E.B. Tylor’s definition). It
is all that is learned by an individual in his society.

Characteristics of Culture
1. Culture is learned
2. Culture is shared
3. Culture is based on symbols
4. Culture is integrated
5. Culture is changing

Categories of Culture
1. Material Culture
 The physical evidence of a culture in the objects and architecture
they make.
 It help to understand one’s culture way of life, thinking and ideas by
studying the objects they created or
build.

2. Nonmaterial Culture
 Consist of the intangible properties and elements that influence the
patterns of action and behaviour of its
members. Examples are language, beliefs, values, attitudes and ideas.
Components of Culture
1. Symbols
 Things that convey meaning or represent an idea that is essential in
shaping the feelings and ideas of a
society.
2. Language
 A set of symbols that enables a members of a society to communicate
verbally and nonverbally.
3. Values
 Shared ideas and principles that provide members of society the
standards that pertain to what is right and
wrong, good and bad, desirable and not.
4. Norms
 Shared rules of conduct that determine specific behaviour among
society’s members. There are three
categories of norms:
 Folkways are norms that may be violated without serious
consequences.
 Mores are norms with moral connotations.
 Laws are norms that are legally enacted and enforced.

1. Evolutionary concept of culture: Evolutionism

 The earliest theory about culture.
 All societies pass through the same specified line of evolution for the
development of their cultures. Culture was
seen as evolving from primitive to civilized form, from simple to complex.
 In its early existence, this idea view Western societies as the most advanced
and developed compared to the more
backward non-Western societies and culture.

2. Functionalist analysis of culture: Functionalism

 Originated from the studies of Bronislaw Malinowski and Emile Durkheim.
 Society is like a living organism, which every parts performs specific
functions that contribute to the overall
maintenance of the entire structure.
 It define culture as a whole that provides a system of meanings to what people
do. Individuals have universal
physiological needs (reproduction, food, shelter) and culture is created to
meet these needs.
 It focus on the social roles that cultural items play within the social system
as a whole (ex. Sacred cows of India
and aswang of the Philippines).

3. Structural view of culture: Structuralism

 Believes in the similarities of cultures across time and space and that there
is a common traits and patterns across
cultures (ex. kinship, fairy tales, myths, etc).

4. Feminist view of culture: Feminism

 Argue that traditional roles or stereotypes about women are not given but are
products of cultural upbringing based
on male-bias.
 Believe that culture is not something static and natural. It is always in flux
and can be changed.

5. Marxist analysis of culture: Marxism

 Emphasizes that culture is active in shaping the development of the economic
system of society. Marxist
explanation is powerful in explaining the differences in life styles among
various classes especially between the
working and middle classes.

6. Post-modern theories on culture

 Believe that there is no single definition of culture. Instead, it has
multiple meaning and it can exist independently
of the people who created them.

LESSON 6 – CULTURAL RELATIVISM AND ETHNOCENTRISM

Cultural Relativism
 Recognition and acceptance of the cultural differences between societies.
 Believes that every aspect of a culture can be justified by the context in
which the culture has been formed. No
particular culture can therefore claim superiority over other cultures.
 Interaction between members of different societies is more likely to succeed
if everybody is aware and is respectful
of cultural diversity.

Ethnocentrism
 It is judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one's own
culture. A belief that his own culture is
superior to others.
 William G. Sumner coined the term "ethnocentrism" upon observing the tendency
for people to differentiate
between the in-group and others. He defined it as "the technical name for the
view of things in which one's own
group is the centre of everything, and all others are scaled and rated with
reference to it." He further characterized
it as often leading to pride, vanity, beliefs of one's own group's
superiority, and contempt of outsiders.

LESSON 7 – HERITAGE
Cultural heritage is the legacy of physical science artefacts and intangible
attributes of a group or society that are inherited
from past generations, maintained in the present and bestowed for the benefit of
future generations. Cultural heritage
includes tangible culture (such as buildings, monuments, landscapes, books, works
of art, and artefacts), intangible
culture (such as folklore, traditions, language, and knowledge), and natural
heritage (including culturally significant
landscapes, and biodiversity).
The deliberate act of keeping cultural heritage from the present for the future is
known as preservation (American English)
or conservation (British English), though these terms may have more specific or
technical meaning in the same contexts in
the other dialect.

ACTIVITY
 Make a 3 minute-long video wherein you are going to show and promote the
cultural heritages of Tayabas City to
the tourist. You are going to upload the video clip in the social media
site Facebook, tagged to your subject teacher
(https://www.facebook.com/jezreeliyyar.valdeavilla), and with a caption
that also promote the cultural heritage
with a hashtag #MyHeritageMyIdentity

This performance task will be graded based on the criteria below:

Criteria 10
8 6 4 2
The quality of the editing and cinematography
The volume of sounds like music and voice of the presenter
The message of the video clip and of the caption on Facebook
The maker followed the instruction given by the teacher
The output was done and submitted on time

LESSON 8 – HUMAN EVOLUTION

Australopithecus means "southern ape" and an extinct ancestor of homo evolved in
eastern Africa around 4 million years
ago before spreading throughout the continent and eventually becoming extinct
somewhat after two million years ago.
Australopithecus species played a significant part in human evolution, the genus
Homo being derived from Australopithecus
at some time after three million years ago. The brains of most species of
Australopithecus were roughly 35% of the size of
a modern human brain.

Homo is a Latin word which means “Mankind.” The genus that comprises the species
Homo sapiens, which includes modern
humans, as well as several extinct species classified as ancestral to or closely
related to modern humans. The genus is
about 2.8 million years old and it came from the genus Australopithecus who in turn
split from the genus Pan.

1. Homo habilis - An early Homo species which means “Handy Man” and lived
2.1 to 1.5 million years ago and was
discovered in Tanzania in Africa by Louis and Mary Leakey in 1960-1963.
2. Homo erectus - An extinct Homo species which means “Upright Man” and
lived 2 million to 70,000 years ago and
originated in Africa and migrated throughout Eurasia. It was the longest
living Homo species which lived for over
2 million years.
3. Homo heidelbergensis - First discovered by Otto Schoetensack in 1907 in
Germany and was an ancient species
of Homo who developed in Africa and later migrated into Asia and Europe.
It was the first Homo species to bury
its dead and the first hunters to use stone-tipped spears. It was the
last common ancestors of modern human and
Neanderthals.
 4. Homo neanderthalensis - Famously known as “Neanderthals,” an extinct
species of human that lived in Europe
and Northern Asia from 600,000 to 40,000 years ago. It share 99.7% of DNA
with modern humans and
Neanderthals had shorter legs and a bigger body and brain than modern
Homo sapiens.
5. Homo sapiens - The last and the only surviving Homo species which means
“Wise Man” and lived 200,000 years
ago to present. It originated on the East Africa and its ingenuity and
adaptability had led to its becoming the most
influential species on Earth.

ACTIVITY
 Make your own version of how mankind started, for short, make your own
creation story of the beginning of mankind.
LESSON 9 – CULTURAL EVOLUTION
The Stone Age
A broad prehistoric period where stone was widely used to make tools. It lasted
from 3.4 million years and ended on the
existence of metalworking 2000 BCE. It is the first on the three human prehistoric
technological advancement in archaeology
along with Bronze and Iron Age.

Division of Stone Age:

Palaeolithic Period
 A prehistoric period of human history known for the development of the most
primitive stone tools discovered and
covers roughly 95% of human technological prehistory.
 Extends from the earliest known use of stone tools, 2.6 million years ago to
around 10,000 BCE.
 Humans grouped together in small societies such as bands, and subsisted by
gathering plants and fishing, hunting
or scavenging wild animals.
 Earliest evidence of organized settlements, in the form of campsites and
earliest evidence of fishing and emergence
of complex social groupings.

Mesolithic Period
 A period that started from 20,000 – 10,000 to 9,000 - 5,000 BCE. The world
population was between one and ten
million people, most of whom were hunter-gatherer communities scattered over
all continents except Antarctica and
Zealandia.
 The Shigir Idol is the most ancient wooden sculpture in the world, made during
the Mesolithic period carved around
11,000 years ago.

Neolithic Period
 Started around 10,200 BC in Middle East and later on other parts of the world
and ending around 2,000 BC. The
term was invented by Sir John Lubbock in 1865.
 It ended when metal tools became dominant and unlike the Paleolithic, when
more than one human species existed,
only one human species reached the Neolithic.
 Domestication of plants and large animals began and birth or beginning of
agriculture, known as the Neolithic
Revolution.

LESSON 10 – MUSEUMS
Museum is an institution that care and conserve a collection of artefacts and other
objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or
scientific importance. Many public museums make these items available for public
viewing through exhibits that may be
permanent or temporary. The largest museums are located in major cities throughout
the world, while thousands of local
museums exist in smaller cities, towns and rural areas.

Archaeological Site is a place in which evidence of past activity is preserved and

which has been, or may be, investigated
using the discipline of archaeology and represents a part of the archaeological
record. Sites may range from those with few
or no remains visible above ground, to buildings and other structures still in use.
Historic site (or Heritage site) is an official location where pieces of political,
military, cultural, or social history have been
preserved due to their cultural heritage value. Historic sites are usually
protected by law, and many have been recognized
with the official national historic site status. A historic site may be any
building, landscape, site or structure that is of local,
regional, or national significance.

Republic Act No. 8492: National Museum Act of 1998

It is the policy of the State to pursue and support the cultural development of the
Filipino people, through the preservation,
enrichment and dynamic evolution of Filipino national culture, based on the
principle of unity in diversity in a climate of free
artistic and intellectual expression.

The National Museum shall be a permanent institution in the service of the

community and its development, accessible to
the public, and not intended for profit. It shall obtain, keep, study and present
material evidence of man and his environment.
The National Museum shall inform the general public about these activities for the
purpose of study, education and
entertainment.

The primary mission of the National Museum shall be to acquire documents, preserve,
exhibit, and foster scholarly study
and appreciation of works of art specimens and cultural and historical artefacts.

The whole Executive House Building also known as the old Congress Building, the
Department of Finance building and
Department of Tourism building on Agrifina Circle shall be the permanent and
exclusive site of the Museum. They shall be
known as the National Museum Complex.

LESSON 11 – SOCIALIZATION AND ENCULTURATION

Socialization
 A lifelong process of social interaction through which people acquire their
identities and necessary survival skills in
society. It prepares new members of society and trains them to think, feel
and act in appropriate ways.
 It is the central process of social life and is also a process of member
recruitment and replacement.
 This process enables a person to gradually become self-aware and knowledgeable
human being and learn the
ways, values, rules and culture of his society like political ideas.
Three aspects of Socialization
1. Social Context – a particular circumstance of society and consists of its
culture, language and social structures
that define social class, ethnicity and gender.
2. Content/Process – refers to how socializing activities are structured.
Content refers to ideas, beliefs and behaviour that are passed to other.
Process refers to methods of interaction that enable the content to be
given to the person undergoing
socialization.
3. Result – outcome of socialization and are evident when individuals begin
to practice behaviours, attitudes and
values that society consider necessary for them to function effectively
as its members.

Enculturation
 The process of being socialized into a specific culture. Through this process,
individual learn cultural symbols,
norms, values and language by observing and interacting with family,
friends, teachers and the rest of the society.
It help an individuals to become a functional members of the society.
 In early stages of human growth, the individual unconsciously internalizes his
culture; but in the conscious stage
during his later years, the process already involves innovations and inquiry
on the part of the individual.

Agents of Socialization and Enculturation

1. Family
 The most important agent of socialization because it is the centre
of the child's life. It shoulders the task
of teaching children cultural values and attitudes about
themselves and others.
 Article 2, Section 12 of 1987 Constitution state: “The State
recognizes the sanctity of family life and
shall protect and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous
social institution.” It is the smallest unit
of society.
 Article 15 of the 1987 Constitution is dedicated to the Filipino
Family. Section 1 of the said article
state: “The State recognizes the Filipino family as the
foundation of the nation.”
2. School
 An institution designed to provide learning spaces and learning
environments for the teaching of
students. It have a critical and active role in socialization as
they mould students’ beliefs, values and
attitudes.
 Vital in developing students’ sense of self, cooperation, political
and national ideas and unity.
3. Peer Groups
 People who share the same interests or characteristics such as age
and backgrounds. It allows a
person to attain a sense of belonging and a shared identity.
Formed most of the time by informal and
voluntary means.
4. Mass Media
 Forms of communication such as books, magazines, newspapers, radio,
television and movies. It is a
powerful agent of socialization which is widely used by many
institutions and organizations.
  Article 16, Section 11 (1) of 1987 Constitution state: “The
ownership and management of mass
media shall be limited to citizens of the Philippines, or to
corporations, cooperatives or associations,
wholly-owned and managed by such citizens.”
 Other views media as a contributor to the decline of political
awareness and participation. People now
spend more time watching television and devote their time to
entertainment rather than informing
themselves on social issues. This leads to the decline in the
sense of community which is vital in
upholding democracy.
5. Religion/State
 Religion exerts a great influence on the views of a person,
legitimize accepted social practices and
sometimes source of social changes.
 State participate in socialization through law and order that
reinforce appropriate behaviour and punish
those that are not. Citizen work together to enforce laws in
society.
 Article 2, Section 6 of 1987 Constitution state: “The separation of
Church and State shall be
inviolable.”

LESSON 12 – CONFORMITY AND DEVIANCE

Conformity refers to the process of altering one’s thoughts and actions to adopt to
the accepted behaviour within his group
or society. It is a product of pressure exerted by the group on the individual.

Deviance is defined as a behaviour that elicits a strong negative reaction from

group members and involves actions that
violate commonly held social norms. However, what may be considered normal
behaviour in one culture may be considered
deviant behaviour in others

Social Control is defined as any systematic means and practices used to maintain
norms, rules and laws; regulate conflict
and discourage deviant behaviours.
 Gossip – used to reinforce what norms should be followed and punishes the
deviants by putting them to shame by
spreading rumours about them.
 Laws – formal codes of conduct that can be change over time and are met with
negative sanctions when violated.
It meant to guide the daily lives of members of society by providing clear
definitions of relationships among
individuals.

Forms of Deviance
 Innovation – Individuals still accept cultural goals but go about in achieving
it in a culturally disapproved way. Ex.
Some poor resort to illegal means in order to survive.
 Ritualism – Individuals still live in society and follow its culturally
approved ways, but they no longer try to achieve
cultural goals. Ex. Some people have already accepted that they are poor and
live peacefully with their neighbours.
  Retreat – Individuals no longer desire to achieve cultural goals and have
abandoned the culturally approved ways
of achieving it. Ex. Some poor people no longer have the desire to improve
themselves. They just commit illegal
activities and crimes in order to earn a living.
 Rebellion – Individuals challenge the existing culturally accepted goals by
coming up with new ones and also
challenging the prescribed means in achieving cultural goals. Ex. Some poor
resist poverty by being resourceful to
improve their lives in a decent and legal means.

ACTIVITY
 Make a table and write five activities that alters your actions and actions
that cause negative reactions from other
people.

Actions that change one’s behaviour

Actions that receives negative reactions

LESSON 13 – CITIZENSHIP
Citizenship is the status of a person recognized under the custom or law as being a
legal member of a sovereign state or
part of a nation.

Citizenship status, under social contract theory, carries with it both rights and
duties. In this sense, citizenship was described
as "a bundle of rights -- primarily, political participation in the life of the
community, the right to vote, and the right to receive
certain protection from the community, as well as obligations.

Article 4 of the 1987 Constitution: Citizenship

Section 1. The following are citizens of the Philippines:

1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this
Constitution;
2. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines;
3. Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine
citizenship upon reaching the age of
majority; and
4. Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.

Section 2. Natural-born citizens are those who are citizens of the Philippines from
birth without having to perform any act
to acquire or perfect their Philippine citizenship. Those who elect Philippine
citizenship in accordance with paragraph (3),
Section 1 hereof shall be deemed natural-born citizens.

Section 3. Philippine citizenship may be lost or reacquired in the manner provided

by law.

Section 4. Citizens of the Philippines who marry aliens shall retain their
citizenship, unless by their act or omission, they
are deemed, under the law, to have renounced it.
Section 5. Dual allegiance of citizens is inimical to the national interest and
shall be dealt with by law.

ACTIVITY
 Write at least five rights and five duties of a Filipino citizens should
have and do as member of the Filipino state.

Rights of a Filipino Citizen

Duties of a Filipino Citizen
LESSON 14 – HUMAN RIGHTS
Human dignity refers to the idea that a person has the innate rights to be valued,
respected and treated well. An inherent
aspect to all members of the human family.

Human rights are legal, social and ethical principles that consider the human
person as deserving of liberties and
protections by virtue of his human dignity.

Commission on Human Rights (CHR) was founded in 1987 through Executive Order No.
163 in respond to Article 13,
Section 17(1) of the 1987 Constitution to create an independent office for human
rights protection of the Filipinos. Article
2, Section 11 of the 1987 Constitution stated that the State values the dignity of
every human person and guarantees full
respect for human rights. Article 3 of the 1987 Constitution is the Bill of Rights
where the rights of Filipinos are enumerated
and listed.

A major legal instrument that upholds the recognition of human rights is the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(UDHR) that was drafted by the United Nations Commission on Human Rights in 1948.
It was one of the major result of the
end of World War II after the world witnessed brutal atrocities.

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UCSP – UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS
Second Semester, First Quarter, Quiz No. 1, Content A

NAME: __________________________________________
DATE: ________________
SECTION: ______________________

Test I – Multiple Choices

Read and understand the following questions and choices careful. Choose and write
the letter of the correct answer in the
space provided before the number. Erasure of any kind must be avoided.

1. One day, while exploring the thick jungle of Northern Tayabas, Bethel saw an
ancient artefacts. When her team
excavated the area, they uncovered a ruin of an ancient settlement. Using
the ruin and the artefacts uncovered,
they studied the possible culture and form of society that this ancient
community in Tayabas have. What do you
think is the branch of Anthropology where Bethel and her team is
attributed? (3)
A. Cultural Anthropology B. Physical
Anthropology
C. Archaeology D.
Palaeontology
2. What branch of Social Science define itself as the systematic study of how
society of man create, preserve and
change the general rules on which they live and follow? (1)
A. Anthropology B. Political Science C. Sociology
D. Archaeology
3. This branch of Social Sciences integrates elements from the biological
sciences and humanities to fully understand
the human species including its past practices and social patterns across
diverse culture. What branch of Social
Sciences is being describe in the above mention statement? (2)
A. Political Science B. Sociology C. Cultural
Science D. Anthropology
4. In the past, the country is being ruled by a King. Today, the country is
being ruled by the Filipino people represented
by a president that they elected. What kind of change is this? (3)
A. Social Change B. Political Change C. Cultural
Change D. Natural Change
5. Which of the following is true about identity? (3)
A. Identity can change over the course of the person’s life
B. Identity do not shape an individual or group behaviour
C. Identity is fixed and cannot be change by anyone
D. Identity has no connection to society’s culture
6. How important it is for us to understand and study our culture and society
and that of other groups? (4)
A. It enables us to appreciate what makes us similar to and
different from each other
B. It allows us to accept each other no matter what our
differences might be
C. It avoid prejudice and hatred which are the cause of war and
conflict
D. All the answers above are true and correct
7. What is the meaning of word Anthropology? (1)
A. Study of culture B. Study of self C. Study of
man D. Study of relationship
8. What branch of Social Science integrates the elements of biological sciences
and humanities in order to fully
understand the human practices, social patterns and diverse cultures? (1)
A. Sociology B. Anthropology C. Political
Science D. Biology
9. What best statement would you choose to support the belief that an identity
of a person can change over the course
of his/her lifetime? (5)
A. His face remain the same since we were kids
B. God gave me an identity even before I was born
C. I am a Tayabanse and I am a proud Filipino citizen
D. My Lolo was born as a slave and die as a free man
10. What branch of Social Sciences help us to understand the nature and
characteristic of authority and power
distribution and how they shapes the way society is organized? (1)
A. Sociology B. Political Science C.
Anthropology D. Civil Service
11. What would happen if all of us will have a holistic knowledge and
understanding of the characteristics and overall
identities of every individual and groups? (6)
A. There will be a clash of ideology and belief that will lead to
conflict and war
B. We will have a more tolerant and respectful and peaceful
community
C. Everyone will start to think that they are superior to
everyone else
D. People will have a one and common character and identity
12. Which of the following choices represent cultural change? (3)
A. The country has been ruled by a foreign King in the past,
while today it is being ruled by a President
B. Family is strong during the old days, while today broken
families are a common occurrence
C. Ladies’ dress are conservative in the past while at present it
is very liberalize
D. Tayabas is a municipality then become a city 7 years later
13. What branch of Social Sciences explain the bases of social order and social
change? (1)
A. Anthropology B. Archaeology C. Sociology
D. Political Science
14. Which of the following is an example of political change? (3)
A. The rise of internet base communication and the downfall of
postal mail base communication
B. Change of family structure from being nuclear to a more common
broken families
C. Changing of the form of government from being unitary type to
a federal one
D. Continuation of the Communist and Islamic rebellions in the
country
15. You are a religious person and one day, you had been informed that your
teacher in this subject is said to not
believe in the existence of a God or a Supreme Being. As a student of UCSP,
what will you do? (4)
A. I will condemn my teacher for not believing B. I will hate
my teacher for his belief
C. I will be afraid because he is a devil D. I will
tolerate the belief of my teacher

©JezreelIyyarValdeavilla2017
UCSP – UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS
Second Semester, First Quarter, Quiz No. 2, Content B

NAME: __________________________________________
DATE: ________________
SECTION: ______________________
@JezreelIyyarValdeavilla

Test I – Multiple Choices

Read and understand the following questions and choices careful. Choose and write
the letter of the correct answer in the
space provided before the number. Erasure of any kind must be avoided.

1. When the Spaniards arrived in the Philippines, they encountered a society of

native Filipinos that have a rich culture.
Yet they viewed our ancestors as uncivilized just because our ancestor’s
culture and civilization was different from
them. Based on this situation, what kind of cultural view do the Spaniards
have? (4)
A. Ethnocentrism B. Functionalism C.
Xenocentrism D. Cultural Relativism
2. The City of Tayabas is known for its dozen long and old Spanish-era bridges.
Few years ago, it created a group
called “Oplan Sagip Tulay’ who is mandated to lead the deliberate act of
the city to keep these old bridges which
are considered a cultural heritage clean, protected, standing and in good
shape so that it will continue to survive
for future generations to come. What do you call the act that the OST is
doing in our old bridges? (2)
A. Demolition B. Preservation C.
Modernization D. Recreation
3. What is a view which believe that no particular culture can therefore claim
superiority over other cultures? (1)
A. Cultural Relativism B. Ethnocentrism C.
Functionalism D. Feminism
4. Which of the following is correct about the evolutionary concept on culture?
(2)
A. It define a culture as a whole that provides a system of
meanings
B. It believes in the similarities of cultures across time and
space
C. Known to be the earliest theory or ideas about the culture
D. Say that there is a common patterns across cultures
5. The following are examples of non-material culture EXCEPT: (2)
A. Language B. Belief C. Foods
D. Attitudes
6. What is being defined as all that is learned by an individual in his
society? (1)
A. Society B. Education C. Heritage
D. Culture
7. On which type of society does the establishment of a permanent settlements
started? (2)
A. Agricultural Society B.
Industrial Society
C. Hunting and Gathering D.
Horticultural and Pastoral Society
8. What do you think is NOT the possible outcome if majority of us has an
ethnocentric view? (6)
A. We will have a stable, united and peaceful society
 B. Our society will fall into chaos, instability and division
C. The majority in the society will discriminate the minorities
D. Strong possibility for ethnic wars and genocide to break out
9. Which of the following is NOT part of the different Sociological
perspectives? (2)
A. Conflict Theory B. Symbolic
Interactionism
C. Structural-Functionalism D.
Relativistic Approach
10. What do you call a group of individuals that share a common culture,
geographical location and government? (1)
A. Culture B. Society C. Nation-
State D. Ethnic Group
11. Which of the following examples DO NOT shows ethnocentric tendency and
behaviour? (4)
A. Jolina is a Christian Filipino and she think the Muslim
Filipinos has an inferior belief
B. Bethel believes that an American products are the same as
Filipino products in quality
C. Americans called the Filipino people as their “Little Brown
Brothers” during the early 1900’s
D. Europeans demand Asians to copy their buildings because they
say it is the right building design
12. What is the physical evidence of a culture in the objects and architecture
they make? (1)
A. Archaeology B. Material Culture C. Symbolism
D. Non-material Culture
13. Which of the following is NOT a component of culture? (2)
A. Government B. Symbols C. Language
D. Values
14. What approach in the study of culture explains the differences in life
styles among various classes especially
between the working and middle classes? (1)
A. Functionalist analysis of culture B. Marxist
analysis of culture
C. Structural view of culture D. Feminist
view of culture
15. One day, Alyssa is eating in a Filipino restaurant using her hands. Then
her friend Hanna arrived with a British
companion. Because there is a foreigner, Alyssa felt shy and stop eating
using her hand. What can you say about
her view on herself? (4)
A. She has a xenocentric view B. She has
an ethnocentric view
C. She has a multicultural view D. She has a
relativistic view

Test II – Enumeration
23.
What are the characteristic of culture? 24.
16. 25.
17. 26.
18.
19. What are the
components of culture?
20. 27.
28.
What are the elements of society? 29.
21. 30. .
22.
UCSP – UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS
Second Semester, First Quarter, Quiz No. 3, Content C

NAME: __________________________________________
DATE: ________________
SECTION: ______________________
@JezreelIyyarValdeavilla

Test I – Multiple Choices

Read and understand the following questions and choices careful. Choose and write
the letter of the correct answer in the
space provided before the number. Erasure of any kind must be avoided.

1. Casa Communidad is one of the most famous old structure and identity of the
City of Tayabas in Quezon Province.
How are you going to classify the said structure based on the following
choices? (4)
A. It is an industrial site B. It is a
historical site
C. It is an archaeological site D. It is a
sociological site
2. On mankind’s future exploration and colonization of planet Mars, one thing
that we are going to do there is to create
a controlled environment on which we can do agriculture so that we can grow
our own food on site. What do you
call the event in human history that was marked by the birth of agriculture
which led to the founding of different
civilizations around the world? (1)
A. Neolithic Revolution B. Green
Revolution
C. Industrial Revolution D.
Mesolithic Revolution
3. Which of the following is NOT true about the National Museum of the
Philippines? (2)
A. It shall keep material evidences of Filipino way of life
B. It was created with an intention to gain and acquire profit
C. It will acquire and preserve scholarly study and work of arts
D. It is a permanent institution in the service of Filipino
community
4. What is the meaning of the scientific name for the modern human which is
“Homo sapiens”? (1)
A. Handy Man B. Cultured Man C. Wise Man
D. Upright Man
5. Based on the theory of human biological evolution, where did the modern
human being originated? (1)
A. On the East African continent B. On the
Levant area of Middle East
C. On the Indian Subcontinent D. On the
North American Plains
6. One day, while exploring the thick jungle of Northern Tayabas, Bethel saw an
ancient artefacts. When her team
excavated the area, they uncovered a ruin of an ancient settlement. Using
the ruin and the artefacts uncovered,
they studied the possible culture and form of society that this ancient
community in Tayabas have. What do you
think is the branch of Anthropology where Bethel and her team is
attributed? (4)
A. Cultural Anthropology B. Physical
Anthropology
 C. Archaeology D.
Palaeontology
7. What is the purpose of Republic Act No. 8492? (1)
A. Making Filipino as the national language of the country
B. Declaring all the national symbols as the identity of the
country
C. Creating a national agency for the preservation of the culture
of the country
D. Establishing and giving of permanent site for the National
Museum of the country
8. When did agriculture started? (1)
A. Palaeolithic Period B. Mesolithic Period C. Neolithic
Period D. Cretaceous Period
9. On what species of Homo did develop a brain that is larger than the brain of
modern human? (1)
A. Homo habilis B. Homo erectus C. Homo
sapiens D. Homo neanderthalensis
10. There is a proposal about the rehabilitation of the war-torn Marawi City
which is to preserve some of its destroyed
buildings in order to serve as a reminder and a symbol of the historic
battle that the city experienced. If happen,
how are you going to define the propose preserve part of Marawi City? (2)
A. Military site B. Historical site C. National
Museum D. Archaeological site
11. If you are going to live during the early Palaeolithic period, how are you
going to get your foods? (6)
A. I am going to plant, domesticate and grow seeds
B. I am going to domesticate animals that I can eat later
C. I am going to hunt animals using my simple stone tools
D. I am going to the city to trade or exchange my tools for food
12. The oldest human remain in the Philippines named “Callao Man” was uncovered
in the Callao Cave in Cagayan
Province in Northern Luzon. What kind of site is the Callao Cave based on
the following choices? (4)
A. An historic site B. A
national museum site
C. An archaeological site D. A
biological site
13. What do you call an official location where pieces of political, military,
cultural, or social history have been preserved
due to their cultural heritage value? (1)
A. Historical Site B. National Museum C. Cultural
Site D. Archaeological Site
14. There are many extinct species of Homo currently known while the modern
human species is living on this planet
for only 200,000 years. What is the longest living species of Homo who
lived for over 2 million years? (1)
A. Homo habilis B. Homo erectus C. Homo
sapiens D. Homo neanderthalensis
15. What institution conserve a collection of objects of artistic, cultural,
historical, or scientific importance? (1)
A. Schools B. Government C. Museums
D. Collectors

©JezreelIyyarValdeavilla2017
UCSP – UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS
Second Semester, First Quarter, Quiz No. 4, Content D

NAME: __________________________________________
DATE: ________________
SECTION: ______________________
@JezreelIyyarValdeavilla

Test I – Multiple Choices

Read and understand the following questions and choices careful. Erasure of any
kind must be avoided.

1. In socialization, what would be the result if you interact with other people?
(4)
A. You will gain many enemies and haters B. You will
learn their way of life
C. You will become racist and ethnocentric D. You will
receive popularity and fame
2. Why did the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was drafted the world’s
nations in 1948? (5)
A. Because the world saw the massive devastation that the new
nuclear bomb can create
B. Because the world had witnessed brutal atrocities and crimes
during World War II
C. Because the world accepted the reality that man by nature is a
political animal
D. Because the world leader received a message from God to write
such a thing
3. What is define as a formal codes of conduct that are met with negative
sanctions when violated? (1)
A. Gossips B. Laws C. Norms
D. Tradition
4. Which of the following is NOT an agent of socialization and enculturation?
(2)
A. Family B. School C. Religion
D. Pressure Group
5. How are you going to define norms? (2)
A. Formally written and enacted in a conscious and deliberate
manner
B. Standards of conduct that are highly respected and valued by a
group
C. Informal understandings that govern the behaviour of members of
a society
D. Customary rules of conduct that are seen as appropriate but are
not strongly insisted
6. What refers to the idea that a person has the innate right to be valued,
respected and treated well? (1)
A. Conformity B. Human Dignity C. Deviance
D. Human Rights
7. Which of the following is NOT a form of deviance? (2)
A. Gossip B. Innovation C. Rebellion
D. Retreat
8. What refers to the process of altering one’s thoughts and actions to adopt to
the accepted behaviour within his
group or society? (1)
A. Conformity B. Rebellion C. Innovation
D. Deviance
9. According to the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines, what is NOT included
in the requirements to become a
 citizens of the country? (1)
A. Those who are naturalized in accordance with law
B. Those whose lived in the country for the last two decades
C. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines
D. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the
adoption of this Constitution
10. If you are a Police, what would you do in order to respect the right of a
criminal? (5)
A. Shoot him right away B. Give him due
process
C. Do not arrest him D. Release him
if he say sorry
11. What do you call a people who share the same interests or characteristics
such as age and backgrounds? (1)
A. Family B. Government C. Classmates
D. Peer Groups
12. Some poor families in the slum areas of Metro Manila resorts to do illegal
means in order for them to survive and
get what they want. How are you going to justify that the example is a form
of deviance known as innovation? (5)
A. Because they still accept the cultural goals but they go in
disapprove ways on achieving it
B. Because they no longer want to achieved cultural goals and had
abandon the approved ways
C. Because they still live in the society and follow it in approve
ways yet do not achieve cultural goals
D. Because they challenge the exiting cultural goals by doing new
ways of achieving that cultural goals
13. What is defined as a behaviour that elicits a strong negative reaction from
group members and involves actions
that violate commonly held social norms? (1)
A. Conformity B. Beatification C. Rebellion
D. Deviance
14. What do Article 15, Section 1 of the 1987 Constitution says about Filipino
family? (1)
A. Family is the foundation of the nation B. Family is an
autonomous institution
C. Family is the core of the nation’s identity D. Family is
the greatest organ of the nation
15. What is defined as any systematic practices used to maintain norms, rules
and laws? (1)
A. Social Reaction B. Social Actions C. Social
Control D. Social Pressure
16. What is define as the legal, social and ethical principles that consider the
human person as deserving of liberties
and protections? (1)
A. Human Rights B. Human Dignity C. Human Reason
D. Human Freedom
17. What agent shoulders the task of teaching children cultural values and
attitudes about themselves and others? (1)
A. School B. State C. Religion
D. Family
18. Enculturation is defined as a process of becoming familiar with a particular
culture. Which on the following do you
think is not an example of this? (3)
A. Interacting with the local to learn the language that they are
using to communicate
B. Going to church to learn the accepted way of praising and
worshipping the Divine
 C. Remaining inside of the house and avoiding to interact with
other people outside
D. Attending school in order to understand the culture of the
particular community
19. What is being used to punish the norm breaker by putting them to shame by
spreading rumours about them? (1)
A. Gossip B. Sanction C. Laws
D. Deviance
20. Which of the following is NOT true about socialization? (2)
A. A lifelong process of social interaction B. It is the
central process of social life
C. It prepares new members of society D. It is the
centre of a child’s life