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Factories Act, 1948

The Factories Act, 1948 (the Factories Act) lays down provisions for the health,
safety, welfare and service conditions of workmen working in factories. It contains
provisions for working hours of adults, employment of young persons, leaves,
overtime, etc. It applies to all factories employing more than 10 people and
working with the aid of power, or employing 20 people and working without the
aid of power. It covers all workers employed in the factory premises or precincts
directly or through an agency including a contractor, involved in any manufacture.
Some provisions of the Act may vary according to the nature of work of the
establishment.

Factories act 1934 was revised in 1948 & scope was extended to welfare, health,
cleanliness, overtime, safe working conditions in factories, bodily strains &
accidents etc.

In 1987, Factories (amendment) act 1987 was passed in the backdrop of Bhopal
gas tragedy. It provided for the safeguards is case of hazardous industries,
management & safety.

Some Major provisions of the Factories Act are explained below:

a. Section 11 of the Act provides that every factory shall be kept clean and free
from effluvia arising from any drain, privy or other nuisance. Section 13 of
the Act focuses on ventilation and temperature maintenance at workplace.
Every factory should work on proper arrangements for adequate ventilation
and circulation of fresh air.

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b. Section 18 of the Act specifies regarding arrangements for sufficient and
pure drinking water for the workers.
c. Section 19 further mentions that in every factory there should be sufficient
accommodation for urinals which should be provided at conveniently
situated place. It should be kept clean and maintained.
d. Section 21 of the Act provides from proper fencing of machinery. And that
any moving part of the machinery or machinery that is dangerous in kind
should be properly fenced
e. Further section 45 of the said Act specifies that every factory should have a
properly maintained and well equipped first aid box or cupboard with the
prescribed contents. For every 150 workers employed at one time, there shall
not be less than 1 first aid box in the factory. Also in case where there are
more than 500 workers there should be well maintained ambulance room of
prescribed size and containing proper facility.

Growth of Factory legislation in India

 Factory act 1881

 Indian Factories act 1891
 Indian factories act 1911
 Indian factories (amendment) act 1922
 Indian factories act 1934
 Indian factories act 1948
 Indian factories (amendment) act 1987

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Questions

Factories act implemented in India is

a) Factories Act 1934
b) Factories Act 1948
c) Factories Act 1956
d) Factories Act 1987
Answer b)

Factories Act 1948 covers which of the following?

1. Safety
2. Health
3. Welfare
4. Wages
Which of the following is correct?
a) 1,2,3,4, b) 1,2,3 c) 1,3,4 d) 2,3,4
Answer b)

Which of the following is NOT one of the provisions of Factory act 1948

a. Section 11 of the Act provides that every factory shall be kept clean and free
from effluvia arising from any drain, privy or other nuisance. Section 13 of
the Act focuses on ventilation and temperature maintenance at workplace.
Every factory should work on proper arrangements for adequate ventilation
and circulation of fresh air.
b. Section 18 of the Act specifies regarding arrangements for sufficient and
pure drinking water for the workers.
c. Section 19 further mentions that in every factory there should be sufficient
accommodation for urinals which should be provided at conveniently
situated place. It should be kept clean and maintained.
d. Section 21 of the Act provides from proper pension policy for workers
serving more than 25 years in the organisation

Answer d)
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Factories act 1948 was amended in the wake of Bhopal gas tragedy to include
provisions for hazardous industries in
a) 1984 b) 1986 c) 1987 d) 1988

Answer c)

Minimum number of workers in factory (working with aid of power) under

factories act 1948 is
a) 10
b) 15
c) 25
d) 35
Ans a)

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