     ▣ Local Maximum and Minimum Values

§            


Let      be defined on some open interval
▣ Absolute Maximum and Minimum Values          

  containing  

⑴ The number    is the local  or relative maximum
Let  be a number in the domain  of  
⑴ The number    is the absolute maximum value ⑴ value of  if   ≥    for all  in  

⑴ of  on  if   ≥    for all  in   ⑵ The number    is the local  or relative  minimum

⑵ The number    is the absolute minimum value ⑴ value of  if   ≤    for all  in  

⑴ of  on  if   ≤    for all  in  

  Find the absolute extreme values of  on  


⑴              

 Fermat's Theorem


If       has a local maximum or minimum at  
⑵             
and if  is differentiable at   then
 ′   
 

 

if ≠
⑶       
if   

 Extreme Value Theorem


If  is continuous on a closed interval       then

 attains both an absolute maximum value    and 
If       has a local maximum or minimum at  
an absolute minimum value    at some numbers 
then either
and  in      
 ′    or  ′   does not exists
That is  there are numbers  and  in      such that
  ≤   ≤   
for all  ∈        

A critical point of a function  is a point  in the
interior of domain of  such that either  ′    or
 ′   does not exists 

※     local maximum or minimum ⇒   critical point


⇐
- 1 -
§           Mean Value Theorem

Let  be a function that satisfies the following
 Rolle's Theorem hypotheses 

Let  be a function that satisfies the following ①  is continuous on the closed interval     
three hypotheses  ②  is differentiable on the open interval    
①  is continuous on the closed interval      Then there is a number  in     such that
②  is differentiable on the open interval         
 ′   
③        
Then there is a point  in      such that
 ′    
 

 

 

⑴ Find all numbers  that satisfy the conclusion of
⑴ the Mean Value Theorem 
①             

  
 ②            

⑴ Let            Find all values of  in the
⑴ interval      such that  ′   

⑵ Suppose that      and  ′   ≤  for all  

⑴ How large can    possibly be 
⑵ Let       

   Show that        but
⑴ there is no number  in       such that  ′     
⑴ Why does this not contradict Rolle's Theorem 

- 2 -
  §                

If  ′    at each point  in an open interval  
§    & §          

then
▣ Increasing and Decreasing
    for all  in 
where  is a constant   

  Let  be a function defined on an interval  and
let   and   be any two points in  

⑴ A function  is called increasing on  if

         whenever     
⑵ A function  is called decreasing on  if
         whenever     



If  ′    ′   at each point  in an open interval  
then there exists a constant  such that
        for all  in 
 Increasing  Decreasing Test
That is     is a constant on     
Suppose that  is differentiable on an interval  
 
⑴ If  ′    at each point  in   then  is
⑴ increasing on  
⑵ If  ′    at each point  ∈   then  is
⑴ decreasing on  

  
  Prove the identity tan     cot     
 

   First Derivative Test for Local Extrema


  Let     and     
 
  
Suppose that  is a critical number of a continuous
 

 
     

function  

Show that  ′    ′   for all  in their domains  ⑴ If  ′ changes from positive to negative at  
Can we conclude from Corollary that    is constant  ⑴ then  has local maximum at  
⑵ If  ′ changes from positive to negative at  
⑴ then  has local minimum at  

- 3 -
  ① Find the critical point of   ▣ Closed Interval Method

② Find local maximum and minimum values of  ⑵ How to find the absolute Extrema of a continuous

using First Derivative Tests  function  on a closed interval      

⑴            ⑴ Find the critical points of  in    
⑵ Evaluate  at all the critical points and endpoints
⑵  and  
⑶ Take the largest and smallest of these values 

 

Find the absolute maximum and absolute minimum

⑵          values of  on the given interval 

⑴             

⑵    
      

⑶     ln      

⑷    


⑶             


⑸      

⑷     
     

⑹          
⑸              