CANTONESE BASIC COURSE VOLUME TWO ELIZABETH LATIMORE BOYLE with the assistance of PAULINE NG DELBRIDGE and others FOREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE WASHINGTON, D.C. 1970 DEPARTMENT O F STATEFOREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE BASIC COURSE SERIES Edited by AUGUSTUS 4. KOSKI Por ie by tn Soparinundat of Dooumeni, U.S, doverament Praag on ‘mutate, D.C. 252 Soak No, 4-00-0103 Catalog No, SLIMPAC 1.2 uLesson LEssoW usssot asso asso Esso Lasso “Less0% ussson 16 Ww as w 20 a 22 3 ah 25 26 ar 28 ay 0 ‘CANTONESE BASIC COURSE ‘TABLE OP CONTENTS OONVERSATION FOR LTSTERING ORWOUTICAL THDEX CUMULATIVE VOCABULARY aad 122 6 170 195 ag 209 282 283 333 ge1 A CANTONESE BASIC COURSE BASIC CONVERSATION LESSON 16 ‘Buslaup: and Miss Ho, discuss what they did the previous day, which was Sunday:) Chahn Téat wdhayant yeaterday Néin kdhayaht hous bEndouh a? Wuore aid you go yeaterday? Leth Siang nat son geo hot cross the asa, harbour Ngéh kihayaht gwo hoi. I went over to Kowloon yesterday. China thas Gwo néi joun mayéh 07 What did you do over there? Lith Siang hdahng gingst NgGh tihng ngSh taaitéas het hiahag gingel. Chino thas YEun wbub séaih yon a? Lith Siang ab tegat Yaun--miainsé go datégsi. Chinn That @athyih- [+ 4] (war: dath +1) dainyin af yon NGuh afaindou daihyin af yon ane Lith Siang ‘Sihnghaih Méuh, Jihngbath siainjs go windowshop I went with my wife to zindow shop. Did you buy anything? (cigarette) lighter 1» T got a cigarette Lighter, other (1 other things You didn't buy anything else, bub, only No, just the lighter,LESSON 16 ‘Wathdeih n37--kdhayaht heui bindouk 1th at Hay Shas Méuh heut giai-- ad phat Tihaghaih RES ngikkés ai plat dita, Chinn tins tht het hetyan duh wih Hetyin (gdh tihng ngoh sinsdang hout oun Wah Hetyin tdcnet 1éin. Ganyaht dikhiahn, javh gimyaht end. tingyant Anaikndabn, jauh tingyaht heut 12, CANTONESE BASIC COURSE How about you two? Where aia you go yesterday? T didn't go out-- play mahjong ist stayed at home and played mahjong. nee 2 movie movie theatre Hoover Theatre (a movie theatre in Hong Kong) My husband and I west to the Hoover Theatre to mova Measure for novie Have you what file? a Not yet time T didn't have tine yesterday, and didn't toany free tine, Leteure Tf I'm free today, then 1412 0 today. tovorrow If tm busy, then 1°22 go tomorrow. Cetsia not yet) ‘B. Reoapituiation: (Taree colleagus + Chan, Hrs Le what they 444 tt Previous day, which was Sunday:)CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 36 Chin Ties ih kahmyaht heui bindouh a? th Siang Ngbh kihayaht gwo nét. Chine Tha Gyo hé4 oun miysh a7 Ldn Siang Ngéh tihng ngéh taaitéai heut hdahng gingsd. _ Ghana ties vis abun aiaih yon a? Létp Siang ‘Yauh--miaihjé go défogit. Chihn Téa Nou afathdou dathyin af yon an, Ligh Siang Moub, Jahaghaih adaihJé go aitig Néihdeih a¥?--kdhayaht hous windowh 124m a? Bon shuse Wéuh heut gdai-- Jihnghaih bi ngikkés dé pied ita, Chdne Tees Ngdh tihng ngéh efnsiang hous Huh Wah Heiyin tii net 1éth, Néih thigwo go cheut hei meih a? Hob shuyé Juhng mesh. Kahayaht sduh sihgaan, sdub heutdou. nei 444 you go yesterday? I went over to Kowloon yoaters What 414 you do over there? I went with ay wife to window shop. Dia you buy anything? ta cigarette No, just the lighter, How about you two? you go yeaterday? Where aia I didn't go out: I just stayed at home and played sahjong. My husband and I Hoover Theatre to t to the that file? Not yet, I didn't have time yesterday, and didn't go,LESSON 16 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE Gamyaht dakhaahn, Jeuh gimyaht If I'm free today, then I'11 reat 0 today. Frdindeha, jauh tingyeht ‘It itm busy, then I'21 go heut 28 tovorrow. vores 1. Verb forme: past reference. .. Claes 1 Verbs: those partially distingutehing past snd non~past forms. Yost verbo exhibit partial distinction between past and non-pest fores. ‘The basic affiraative form for pest and non-past ie the cane, but the negative and choice question foras differ. Be atk = eats ate pest: aff: ihe ate neg: Suh sink didn't ont did (he) eat? ot doomn't eat apes (he) eat? Rxasple [Tract tie ave vestern to0a yeoterday. Non He ia going to ext Past ‘Western food tonorrow. | Past ite atan't oat veatern food yesterday. Non iets not going to eat Past destern food tomorrow. la] Past lpia he eat Western food yesterday? Von= ite ne going to eat ¥ectern| Past food tonorrovt (See Dritle 3, 4, 5) From the point of view of semantic meaning, the verbs that pattern as Aescribed above can be called performance vervs, since they are verbs that denote actions performed. For convenience in referring to them, we call them aleo Class 1 Verbs. .CANTONESE BASIC COURSE LESSON 16 b. Clase 2 Verber those shoving no distinction between past and non-past. A few verbs make no distinction in form between past and non-past. ‘These verbs use the eane ferns for the affirmative, negative and choice-question for both past and non~past. it ybuh = have; bed yin th = ove Example sentences: meting to do} had something to do fa] Past | Nah feahmyant youn] win. T had gone business to 2 yesterday. Yon | Neth agyant youn|ein. T have sue business to do Past 7 tonorrows b| ast | Neon feanmyant moun] wih. T didn't have any business to do yesterday. Non | Neth feingyaht abu) ein. T don't have ony business Past to do tonorrev. ho| Past | Néin fesnmyent yauh mouh] eih 8? | Did you have ony business: to do yesterday? None | Nésh fngyane yéuh abun| eth a? | Do you have any business Past [code tosarrove In addition to yéuh, other verbs which show no distinction in form between past and non-past include: nai, tis located* ash, "i ost auriliary verbe: ext jingyi, ‘14k Adjective (See Drilte 2, 2) Senantically, these verbs can be called ‘nou~performance verbe,’ or ‘eteady- Vience in referring to them, we call them also Class 2 Verb: ‘ate verbs," or perhaps ‘existence verbs.! For com=4ESsOR_16 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 2. Past reference with uninflected verb to express general activity. For describing general activity perforwed in the past, Cantonese uses the plain form of the verb, without any suffix xampl 2, gdh kahmyant hit ngikkéi tai syu. Yesterday at home I read, 2, Ngoh kGhayaht sihk Sichian. Yesterday I ate Western food. 3, Ngoh kaymyabt heui yauhssui. Yesterday I went evinming. 4, Neoh idhayaht evo hoi pdahng Yesterday I went across the ings! harbour to windovshop. 5. Ngoh yihchihn hohk Yingmihn. I formerly studied English. ‘Te general activity sentence with uninflected verb ie gore apt to be a ‘eet the stage! initiating sentence which starts a conversation then it is to be a follow sentence, The follow sentences, describing particular thinge accomplished vithin the general activity, are apt to be V+ euftix sentences. Resesber the rainy tay 'T went to see ay Grandectner' gane of your childhood which goos down the alphabet with things you took along? 'T wont to ove my grandnother and I took an applé a box, a cocoanut, ay groninother' past with an uninflected vero and the particular accompligh- ete.' Cantonese would render the general activity 'T went to ments, "took A, Be C! part with a two-part (performance + accomplishnent) verb + suffix. 3. Past reference with verb + suffix, to express performance + schievenont, experience, success, or other information. The role of verb cuffixes in Cantonese is to give additional inforna- ‘tion about the action perforned-- that it has been done before, that the objective vas achieved, that the performance wes tenporary, etc. Bamps 1. Negba miaihgS go ohtonti. (I buy-accomplioh a cigarette Lighter. ise; T accomplish the purchasing of a cigarette lighter; I bought cigarette lighter. (Think of buying as a performance of dickering back and forth. Then you fee that saaihejo is to dicker for and achieve the objective of parchas- ing, to engage in ©. purchase transac tion and carry it through.)CANTONESE BASIC COURSE LESSON 16 2. sigSn einkguo ingenoi, _—T extwexperience Chinese food, but I aehtheih nga kam Josterday in every case eat Western gent acu eit Saichian. Toad + J have had the experience of ‘eating Chinese food, but yesterday in every case I ate Western food. 4, Role of verb suffixes in English and Cantonese compared. Ip English verd suffixes are tine-narkere, relating the monent of specking (i.e, now) to the monent spoken about (past, present, future). Note, for example, how the suffixes ~8 and ~ed in Saglish give information on the relation of time of speaking and tine spoken about in the sentences: "She loves me.' and ‘she loved me.' In English the verb form changes according to the time spoken about, and this change ia compulsory. In sentences relating to the past, English uses a past fore of the verb, and 4m sentences relating to non-past tine, a non-past fore. In Cantonese, verb cuffixes thenselves 40 not indicate when the performance took/takes/will take/ place in re2etion to the time of speak- ing, as verb euftixes do in English. In Cantonese, different suffixes Fepresent ‘accomplish,’ ‘succeed,’ "good," ‘possible,’ ‘tenporary," tin progress,! etc. (It is very hard to talk about this in English, because when you make @ sentence in Hnglish, you have to put past or present marke on the verbs. 'Performaccomplish' doesn't make sense in English, you have to aay ‘performance accomplished! in which case you indicate that it has already happened, or ‘Perforaance will have been accomplished" in which cane you indicate that t hasn't happened yet but will have by the time you are speaking of, and 60 on.) For example, in Cantonese, Verb-i * 'performaccomplieh,’ indicates thet the perforeance is viewed from the standpoint of its being accomplished, but when Verb-j6 occurs in a subordinate clause without a tinevord as clue, the rely on context, not gramar, to deteruine vhether it refere to a past ‘event or @ non-past one. (Extsple given on folloving page.) mntence mst,Lesson 16 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE Be: Gvoj6 sian go ganihéu, (1) Ge) crossed three intersections, Jauh hath Task. ‘then (there it) was. (2) (after you) cross three inte: aections, then (there it) is. (qvog® pass-accomplish) 5. ‘ross (an intersection) ‘men you have crossed thr Satereections, i¢*ll be Fight theres on you vil} encounter another use of ~35 tn reference ie In a later lo to non-past. 5. VP + gest, suf. lain in past reference sentenc Ws 1hin to used in tuo difterent types of past reference sentences, wth different stress on 2th in each end different weanings of the Ws bin ot. D) Movenent VP 4 ith, to indicate having returned from having been avay. The 1aih in this instance receives medium str¢ Bc: 1, Néth heui bindouh din a? Where have you been? 2. Wei Idhayabt houi Bindouh vnere did you go y ih a? 3. Keuih ngdamngiam heuilath. He has just returned from having been avey- rday? (See Bo) 2) YP+ 13th in a response sentence which contradicte the stimlus sentence's assertion of action performed, The speaker eaphasiz by VP + 1aih that that was the action done, not what the stimulus sentence sseerte cr implies. The ith in this instance receives Light stress. In thie use the verb of the VP to vnich Aish ta attached does not have to be a govenent verb, though it can be. Ext A: NOt} onigii woh ngth jf Your younger sister told ne ‘ash kahayaht heui tai you vent to the novia hei. yesterday. Bi Mihaih gut Neh néj —Un-un! T played mahjong at rakkei da I home, that's what-- (I) abuh heui tai hes. Aidn't go to the novies, (See BC and Print 9)CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 350N 16 - dadhyth M (var: daih 1), ‘other Mt fa, aaihyin, Literally "the second,’ can have the neaning ‘other,* ‘another,* ‘additional one, bound to a folloving Measure. If the Nensure ie plural, daihyih ie of course part of the plural expression. xt Kéugh,whaihjS daihyin go He bought another cigarette dafogei. enter. h yun nbuh math dathysh Did you buy any other things? al yeh a? (See 30) b. daineM Se a contraction of daihyih-¥ ct dath af yoh = daihyin af yén, ‘other things’ 7. Responses to questions negatively phrased. There are two waye to anewer a question negatively phrased (the you're not going, are you? kind of question). You have learned one way to anaver such a question (See Lesson 12, pp 274-75)-- to respond by agreeing or ng with the verb of the question. Sin Gidcéi mun dihnwd Your house doesn't have a in phone, huh. fiain a, vbuh ainmwd., ight, there's no phone. Nduh cho. Moun aihmw. Right, there'# no phones Mtinaih, Yuh dthmed, Tneorrecte= there's @ shone. Te other way to ansver is to respond with the affirastive or negative form of the verb vinich vas used to ask the question, he problem for Anerican learners ie that the negative verb eaid in response in different Intonations means opposite things. Tie ie easier to grasp through hear~ {ng examples than by reading about it, but we'll give examples and then try to dnscrite the differences. Exaxples: 1) @: Muy naindou dainyin ef You dida't buy anything else, yeh ahs huh. Az WouhenJshnghain mains Howe just bought the cigarette 0 dasogel fe. Tighter, that's all.LESSOR 16 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE ‘Tne Mouh of the response is an echo of the negative verb in the question, agreeing with tne negative assumption of the question~ er. The stress on pbuh is medium, the intonation unspirited. (See BC) 2) @ Mou whathdou daihyih af You didn't buy anything else, yeh ate ue A: 3a Bt duhng waaihy Nat sot I bought a lot nore. néud gee Here the sbuh of the response negates the whole sentence of the question. ‘The stress on Méuh in atrovg, the vord itself ts dram out long, the intonation is spirited and contoured Like tnier J* (inglisn too uses difference in intonation to signal difference in meaning in two sentences othervise identical, ‘Think how difterent intonations can make "That's great! wonderful' or 'That's horrible.') mean ‘That's 3) A: Nosh ngikkei wou dihnwa Gh. Yous house doesn't have a phone, Br Yéan. eth ngikiei youh Tt has. My houne dove have a aihowa. phone. ‘The intonation and stress on Yéuh may be normal, like the Mou of Bxanple #1 above, or apirited and contoured 13ke that of syample #2, but the central message 0 the sane in both cases. In anavering Yaub to the stimius sentence’s pbuh, it contradicts the stimlue sentence (See Drills 8, 9, 11) soung, ‘wish to': its function in past reference sentenc shang pernite ybsh sfuh ebung Vorb? an voll ae shuns Shabung Verb? in the past reference question, with ups bs tasbungt favored. The assumption. negative pernite only jhe lees not (-) moun séung. ap mingle 2 1. Your sother told ae you rea weren't feeling well Bele bub kaneyest, Shays fuhk ngih youh moun seung sihk yen et, ‘or néth séung hetung oink yh a? Neh mya Bhgybtunk-— 2. T didn't fool voli yester- hegung eihk yeh. day-- I didn't vant to eat.CANTONESE BASIC COURSE s5s0N 16 ‘shung has another neaning-- ‘to think of'-- with the connotation tit occurred to #e./ In this sense stung takes abun and yuh sbuh? in wontences of past reference. ‘xt tgoh Kiheyant agung hei. I thought of going yesterday, gdh kAbayaht aouh sGung- Tt didn't occur to me to 60 dou hou yesterday. Nip Wdhayant yun nuh Aa St occur to you to go tung hous af ‘yesterday?LESSOR 16 IIT, DRILLS 1 Transformation Drill: Transform the negative. Ext 7: Ngén san dfs bun daiadahn, S: Ngbh sdag dim bun ‘ithdakhdahn, 1, Ngbb kahayant dikhdahn. T was freo yesterday. +2. Ngoh nfpiad dakndann. ‘/eecentiy, these fev daye/ I've been free lately. ILL be free these few da; 3. Ngoh tingyaht ddkhdahn. 4, Ngoh gimyaht dakhdaha, 5. Ngbh sigéi yfhgd dixndann, 6. Neth thoevant yat aie ikhdahn. 7. Ngdh kihmyant sed dia aakhiahn. ‘Repeat: Students changing stat T: Ngoh kahayaht dak- hiahn, 8: Néin kihmyaht aak- ‘bdahn a? Conment: Ady past and non-past, CANTONESE BASIC COURSE sentences from affirmative to I'm free at thres-thirty, I'm busy at thre (rte not fre Nggh kihayaht ahdakhdahn, I wasn't free yesterday, 2. Ngbh nfpiat ahdikndahn. I've been busy lately. T'11 be buey these few aay 3. NgBb tingyaht andikndahn, 4, Ngdh giayaht Bhatia. 5. Ngdh ofg8i ySngi andihdann, 6. Nigdh tingyant yat dia andi 7+ Neh kineyaht eet afa ‘naaiendann, into question, thu I was free yesterday. Were you busy yesterday? tives exhibit no formal distinction between Traneforsation Drill Bx: Tr Kéush,tlngyabt had poe Si Kéush kdhayant bat uakké 2s Neth thagyant dik adie hdahn a? 2, Ngdh tlngyant yéuh eth. 3. Ngéh tingyaht ahdakndahn, 4, Neh elngyaht neds fianging. w He will be home tomorrow, He was home yesterday. 1. Nésh kahayant dike anak ‘wake a? 2. Neb kahayant yéuh ofh. 3. Ngdh kahayant ahadindahn, 4, Ngbh kdhmyant hed fdanging,CANTONESE BASIC 5+ Nebh tlagyaht Shagung news aan keuih. Tomorrow I don't want to go see her. 6 Néih thagyant yuh muh sth 2. Kéugh tingyant hii anit @jahiduh a? 8. Ngbh tingyakt ahgau sthgaan wo hot. o ro, Ngoh tingyaht abun sihgaan. Ngoh_tingyant egung ehBut hei. Comment: COURSE LESSON 16 5. Ngbn kahgyaht aheéung heut tana keuth. Yeoterday i a{dn't want to go see her. hb ahayant yuh sbuh sib a? Kéuih kdhmyaht had dhnad ‘sejshiaun 0? Ngot kdhayaht ahgau sihgaan vo nose gdh Kanayant nub othgaan. 6 a 8. o 10. Ngdh_kihnyaht séung tét chéut hes, Non-performance verbs do not differentiate past and non-past by verb form. Ext 1. 7: Kéuth tngyant 7 + hjeuk S: Kéush kdhgyant 8: ih jéuk. 2. Kéuih tingyaht ts nda wah Jeu. S: Kéugh kiheyant, S: uh a mah joule tT: Kéugh tingyant |: fhda wah + Kéuth kdbayaht yiuh abuh Bin geuk a? 2. Kéuih tfngyaht a& ashnwa bet néine 2. Kéuih tingyaht ihd& dihnwa ‘bed néih. tngyant 4& anda athnwd néih a? be Kouth 5+ Keush tingyant fdanlash. tingyaht anfaaniain. w% ‘Traneforaation Drill: Change the sentenci kahoyant. He's going to play sahjone tomorrow. from tingyant to He played aahjong yesterday. He's not going to play mahjong ‘tomorrow. He didn't play mahjong yester- aay. Te he going to play ashjong ‘tomorrow? Did he play mahjong yesterday? 1. Kéoth kéhmyant ai aihnwa bai néin, 2. Kéuih kdhayaht, mouh a& dihnwd bet néth. 3. Kéush kakayant, yéun dub a& ashned bes nédh a? 4, Kéuih kahmyabt fianlidn. 5. Kéuth kihayaht duh adheLEsson 16 6. Kéuih tingyaht fdan anfdan- ddih a? 2. Keuih tingyent win néih, 8. Kéuih tingyaht ahwhn nésh. 9. Keuih tingyabt win ahwdn nein a? +10, Kéuih tingyaht heut yaunpéut. (gmia) Hee going sinning to~ ML. éugh tnayant Sheu yaahaeus. 22, Kéugh tQngyoht hous thous yauheour a? 4, Transforeation Drill: Pos —> Neg kéuih kdhayaht ‘go Gauluhng. St Kéuth kdhayaht méuh gwo Gau- 1ihng. 2, T: Kéuih tingyaht gro Gaulinng. 5: Keuth tingyaht Bhgwo Gaulihng. xt 1. Te a. Kéuth mayaht hous tdi het, + 2, Keuth ihayaht neui /play bal/ 3. Wohng Sdang tingyaht heut Héingwok. a they Jingwaano. 5. Ngdh taaitiat kal.ayaht heut ‘yam chah. 6. Ngéh oinsdang tingyaht heui whe neu, as kapmyaht hens ngahhdhng 15 chin. 7. Nah go a CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 6, Kéuth kdheyant yéuh méuh nldih a? 7, kéuih kihoyaht win ofthe 8. Kouyn kdhmgene abun won ain. Kéuth kdbayaht yéuh abun wan néih a? 10. Kéuth kahayaht heus yduh- seul. Ke ny Swiaming yesterday. 11. Kéuin’ khmyaht mGub heui ‘yauhsou az. Kéuih Kageyayt yfun aba Thou yeaheeus a? He went over to Kowloon yes= terday, He didn't go over to Kowloon yeaterday. He's going over to Kowloon tomorrow, Het not going over to Korloon tonorre, kibayaht méuh heud het. kahayaht méuh hous di ba. WShng Stang tingysht Anheus Medhgwoke 4, Chahn Téai tingyant abheud Jingrdahn, téai Kéhayant abuh ‘heui Géulithng team pahng- y Ngdh go 384 kahayaht miu hous ngdhnhdhng 16 chin,CANTONESE BASIC COURSE son 36 Repeat as choice-type question transformation, Le T Kéuth kdhayaht gwo Gautdihng. 5: Kéuih kihayaht yuh muh gwo Gauluhng a? Kéuih tingyaht 6x0 Gaurthng. wih tingyaht ew ‘kgwo Gaulihng a: St Ka He went over to Kowloon yesterday, Did he go over to Kowloon yesterday? He wil go over to Kowloon ‘tomorrow, W422 he go over to Kowloon ‘tomorrow? 5. Traneformation Drill: Change hath form of Verb th Verb? Be: T: Nin tingyaht eid Ghhaih hevd ti hed S: Néih tngyaht heut Ahheui tai hei ‘Tr NSih kahmyaht hath Bhhain heud t&4 hei a? Néih kdheyant, ydun buh heus tél hei a? tngyaht hath hnath hous Caulihng a? 2, Chihn Sdang tingyaht hath fmhaih heui yam chih a? 3. Néih toadtéai kiheyant hath Bhhaih heut Singwdahn a? 68 go yéhn kahmyaht hath fhhaih heui Gauldhng a? Noth aT sattdugS tingyent +5. ™ ™ 8: haih Ahhaih heui Meingwok a? (endad(ren)) shath Verb? to the suitable Are you going to the movies tomorrow? W411 you go to the aovies tomorrow? Did you go to the movies yesterday? Did you go to the movies yesterday? 1. Néin ofg@4,tingyant hevt Bhheud Gaulinag a? 3, Nein taaitéai kahayant duh e6uh heui Jingwdahn 4. G3 go yahn kabmyaht yauh mouh heui Gauldhag a? 5. Nein af onstSugd edngyant heus atheut Mathgwok a? asLESSON 16 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 6, Expansion Drill Bx: T% Ngh khayaht 4& 7 I played mahjong yesterday. aa. /tah hei/ Jece wovie/ + Ngoh kdhayant dé Si I played aahJong aad 1ath--nouh F aian't a tad hed. 2. Ngéb kdhayaht heut chahiauh yam chan. /tai het/ het. + 2, Ngdh kdhmyaht hai ikkéi dihneih. (watch television) Tae gat 3. gin kiheyant new, agitahshug 3. Ngbh kahayant,heut.agahp- 18 chine /ydunedut/ néhng 1s chin 1dthe-aduh gauhaéut. 4, Kéuth kabmyaht gaau_ngoh 4. Kéuth kéhayaht gaau ngdh Gwéngdingwa. /da paai/ 5. Ngdh kdhayaht heut yauhaéut. ‘/t84 ashneih/ in the affirmative form omy. The speaker emphasize: with VP-ldih that that waa the activity he did, not sone other activity. The plainfact sentence without ath has no special emphasis. 7. Reeponse Drill Bx: Ts Nah kdhayaht afin Ts I bought some shirts yester- teaas 1éih, das. /3 unit/ (sian ginn/ Si: Miathyé géid3 ginn $1: How aany did you buy? 28? Toay-accompliah how sany?] S2: Méaingd gihn, $2: T nought three. Couy-accomplich tnrer 2 Ngbh_kabayant Abunsg ji/ baju lth, 2, 81 Yangd geidd 3f a? 82: Yang 1éuhng jt. 2. NgGh kanayaht oink pthngend 2, Lt Sinky> BLAS go 0? Adin, /s01 g0/ 82: Sihkjé set go. 3. 81: L848 géidd ar oi 82: 1846 yt bank sda. 3. Ngdh_inayaht 15 chin 738 dank aia/CANTONESE BASIC COURSE LESSON 16 NgSh kihayaht niaih maht 1th, 4, 51: MaaihJ6 g61d3 deut a? elon deui/ 52: Méaings |» Response Drill Ex: T: Néin kdheyaht duh 7: You didn't buy a ahirt yea séaih oeutedan a ‘terday, did you. + Whunt Miaing® 1a. I aga buy one, 1. Keuih kdnmyaht muh ti hed 1. Yuh! T&A j6 Le ah. You didn't see a movie yesterday, did you, 2, Wang Sdang kahayabt muh 2 + cheng hask ah, Wr. Wong didn't hm dinner party yesterday, did he. Kéuth kahayaht muh fdanldih 3, Yduht ah 4 kahayant moun t&i yl- Me Yount fing ah. Néih dhmyaht muh cheung 5. Yéuh? Cheung3é 2a. chin ake content: chéag haak = have a ginner party chéng sihk faahn, chéng yahn sibk fashn = invite soncone for sinner. 9. Response Drill: Contradict the other person's saprension, Bx: He didn't play mahjong y¢ day, dia be. he aia play. 1s Kéuth kibayaht aduh wan 2. Yau, win 1éin, kéuih ab. kahayaht muh a& bd Yauh, @& 1ith, kabayaht muh t&i dihn- 3, Yéuh, t&i 1éih, ane kabayaht méuh heut 4, Yau, out itn, yaubséui ah. Comment: The ansvers in Drills 8 and 9 above rep- resent, spirited denial. +semouh tai hei ah. as Yauh, yéuh tai. ”Lnsson 26 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 10, Expaneion-Traneforaation Drill: Expand or transform ae appropriate, Ex: 1, 1 sth kahayant Yesterday he crot ayo Gauluhng toan sInedang. /Aont that righet/ Poaih ahhath a?/ S: Kéuih kahmyaht hath to Kowloon Gkhaih gwo Gau- yesterday to see nis teacher? Lihng taan ofn- dang a? 2. T Kéuih kdhmyaht haih Did he cross over to Kowloon hheih gro Giu- yeoterday to aee his teacher? uihng taam eins /aidn't/ sdang a? /moub/ S: Kéuih kdhayant uh He didn't crose over to Korloon vo Géuldhng team yeaterday to see his teacher. sinedang. 1, Kéuih gvo Géuldnag adatn yon, 1. Kéuth wdhgyaht gvo Gdulibng 7adnayant/ hash yene 2, /mdub/ 2. Kéuih kahoyaht jouh gwo Gau- ‘Ling sash yah. 3+ [yin abuh 02/ 3. Kéuih kdhayaht yéuh abun gvo Gaulihng maain yéh a? 4s oath thhadh/ fy Kéuth kdbayant hain dbath gvo Gaullinng waath yéh 0? 5+ /ithaih ank/ 5+ Kéugh kihayant ahah gwo Géurinng miain yéh ask. 6. /nath oak/ 6. Kéuth kihpyant hath geo Giu- Lihng maaih yen aak, ition and fmewer drill Be: T: /t&i dihnsih/ /watch television/ 5, Néup kanayant yiuh abuh Did you vateh televiston tat ainnein a? yeetersay? S, Youn, yuh tht. Yee, T dia. 2s /8h.08/ 2s §2 Moin khayane youn moun of 93 at St Yeahs youn di Be [thi sy 2 8 Spt Yiu, yiun tit. Neib kahmyaht youh mouh t&i sy 6?CANTONESE BASIC COURSE LESSON 16 3. /yim jau/ Néeih kahmyaht yéuh moub yam jau a? vaun, yawn yane Nein kAbmyaht y&uh mowh heui yam chah a 4, /reui yém chiny Yeu y 5. /t84 ylefing/ 5e Sy NGin Kenmare you eOuh t&i ylang a? Spt Yeoh, ybun as 6, /wan Keuih/ Neih iciimyaht yauh mouh wan keuih a? $55 Yaun, yhub wan, Comment: The svove represents the ordinary vay to ask and anower with no spectet emphasis or assumptions TV, CONERSAPIONS FOR LISTING (on tape. Refer to worklist below an you Neten.) Unfaniliar terns, in order of oceurreace: 2) waan ; amse onecels, play igensral verb for leisure tine activity) 2) soyih = thsrefure 3) aa mbhng ‘ne = ph tennie a) mong kAuh = Corie bald 4) abana Douls = Fewer Kod 5) kauh chdubng + tenis court 6} dain yaut = dain (yin) vant = another aay 7) beisy’ = secret. 8) Matundiniaad = Kantilo 9) FEileubtban + Philippines 20) giingj&x = cold 1) Wei! = Heyl; Sayt; exclanation uned to attract someone's attention 12) yatenain = together 13) ginwihn = sweet 0LESSON 16 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 14) Haih gam wah 1B, =We'll do it the vay you say. 15) Néwh heui bindouh.= Haven't gone anywher 16) @ mason. suf. of response "Mis ie pretty obviow by the wayy 18) mani eung = buy groceries 17) hath bo = her antenc indicating in a nice way: 1s SAY Tf) IN CANTONESE ‘A, You aay to the classmate sitting next to you: 1. What 'é you do yesterday? 2. What movie did you see? 3s I didn't go out yesterday, T stayed at bone vatching television. Where'd you go yesterday? I ‘went to your house to look for you, but you weren't home. Se I'd like to learn to play ‘aahjong-- could you teach 6? 6. Could you please tell me how to get to the Hoover Theater? Wnat vould you like to do ‘today-- play ball or go swimming? 8. Dia you go to Kowloon to see your girl friend yesterday? I went to the Central District yeaterday to buy shots-- I ought # pair of white ones. 20, (etil2 talking about yesterday) ‘Thought @ nice-2ooking Lighter at a department stor 11. Hy eon played ball yesterday. Did your son go? ‘And he responds: 1. T went to the movies vith ay wife. 2. T forget the name. 3. I watched television yesterday too. I went svimning yesterday. 5. Sure. days? When are you free these 6. First go to the next intersection ‘and turn left, then go straight until the second intersection, and it's on the right hand side, 7. I wont swimming yesterday, let! play ball today. No, I was very busy yesterday and didn't go. 9. I went shopping for shot but I didn't buy any. 00, 1D. T also wanted to buy a Lighter, but I didn't get on 11. Noy he aiga't, and read. He stayed honeCANTONESE BASIC COURSE LESSON 16, 12. Mige Chan vent to the movies 12. Not so! She didn't go with Mr. with Mr, Lee yesterday. Lee, she vent with mel 13. Mr. Lee took Miss Chan 33. Not eo! They didn't go evianing, ‘winning yesterday. ‘they stayed at Mies Chan' house and played mahjong. Vocabulary Checklist for Lesson 16 2. bs bali 2. chéng haak WO: have 0 dinner party [invite-gueste] 5. ebbag ait fashn, or cheng yahn sihk faahn Vor invite somone to dinner Ay ohdut, M for a movie, a film 5. a bo play ball 6. d& minjeuk Yor play mahjong 7. da paws ‘VO: play mahjong [hit-tiles] 8. defends nz (cigarette) lighter 9» dasha Phe var. of ‘dathyih af," others, other (ones) 20. asinyin (+) another (W) [its the 24 10 UL. dainyth aT Phi othero, other (ones) [1itt the 24 ones] 12, dahdehn Adj: free, at leisure 23. dthmeth ni television 14. gamyaht ‘Tw: today 15. geo hos Wo: erose the sea, harbor 16. hashng gingst Vor windowehop 17. hed nt movie 18. heiyin WP: movie theater ag. not ni sea 20. Hub Wah Heiyin ‘Pit Soover Theater aL. jahnghain Vv Adv: just, merely, omy _V_ 22. kahmyaht Tur yeaterday ain 0: suffixed to a heut VP, ind{eates that Person’ spoken about has returned fron where he vent YP suffix in response sentence adding connotation of "that's what happened, not the thing you thought? he 1thLasgo 16 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 25. aahseuk tebjong 26. fhdakhaahn busy 27. ndpbai ately, recently, these few days 28, sailéugs child, children 29. slngasn 30, té4 dinnsin Bl. tai hei 32. tingyant 33. yauheéuiCANTONESE BASIC COURSE LESSON 17 I, BASIC CONVERSATION ‘AL Busadupt (two acquaintances, one Chinese, one Anorican, talk together at a party!) Tinggwokyahn noih long (time) bu noth abu gin “ong tise no see! Wanag Sdang! Hoe noth mun gin Mr. Wong I haven't #een you boe 4m @ long tis fianneut 0 back, return tianheut g0 back to Anerté Litnbaad 7 ban go next Wook hab go 1édhbaad fdanheut g0 back next week téngginwab hear tell, I hear ., ‘Ténggiawah néih han go Léthbant I hear you're going back to fdanheut Néihgrok--baih next Weekes that @hhaih a? Moun cho. Thaere right. boun day of the month yenlubk: hou the 26th (of the month) déeyun plan on, plan to d&eyun yahlubk houh faanheut plan to go back on the 26th étnbantaos Thureday ‘SHiheth that 10, in other wor: that 4s to say Ngdh ddeyun yablunk houh I plan to go back on the 26th= féanheui--jikhaih léihbaaisei, Thursday, that is, Hinggwokyine Ngih adu afeyun heut Méibgwok. I plan to go to America, too. Nésngwoxyinn ath aS? Ein géteih hout ad? Ie that so?! hen are you going?‘LESSON 17 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE wok, wan ddthng can't say for sures uncertain Wan dhdinng ge. not sure. chdutafn next year yinyant February Waahkjé chiutnfn yihyuht 13. Maybe Februsry next year. hgwokyiha Wein yun abuh heuigwo Bave you aver been to the NEingwok 07 States before? Hinggwokyiha onthe your yat-giu-lunk-chat athn in 1967 n-yat-gdu-lubk-chit athn T made a trip in 1967. heusiéin. wokyihn aoibfing place bin af deinedng which places? Heuigro bin af dethféng a? What places 4id you go? Singgwokyihe Sinafiannaly San Franminco Wanathogdeuna Washington Weuigve Siamfianasth tinag T went to San Franeteco and Wineinnga Washington, that's ait, dant Measure for dethfing gb tuhng deat deibfing those two places endnchik relatives 8 iéuheg dant deinting, ngdh In those two places I hav a3u yun chine hii douh, Méingvoxyaha hancht Oty hahchi hain dhheih dubath ——Wi1_ you ge to Washington heut Wihaihngdeuhn a? next time, too? Dinggvokyahe Hath a, Thatta right. 26CANTONESE BASIC COURSE LESSON 17 pina deihji lar Ding ngéh 98 ngdh go deihji Let we vrite my address and vba aétn give it to you. Sighnyiu ‘be sure to, by all means do [not Amportant] ‘Lain chéh 18. ‘Come visit me." [come sit] Doujé Waheshngdeuhn jighayin ‘then you get to Washington, be Lath ngBhdouh ohéh a. sure to cone eve me. Uiagewoky AL NgGh 430 anst néah ngiiés On--I didn't know your home hit Wanethngdouhn tia, was in Washington. WSthgvokyibn teat born . Ngbh b&t gSdouh cheutsat Yes, I wae born there. Recapitulationt Sing ng Siangt Héu noth eSuh siz bo, Téngginwad néih hah go Léihbaat ——_T hear you're going back to fianhoul Méingwoke-beih the States next week--to anneth a? that right? Wéingrokyine Moun hos matte right NgSh ddeyun yahlubke howh fdanhesi- I plan to go back on the 26th-- -jIkhaih léthbasisei, ‘Thursday, that is. Zinggrokyinn gdh au dfeyen heat Héingwok. I'm planning to go to Anerics too. NStngrokydhn Hain od? wéin gé4ath hout 23? Ta that so?t When are you going? Dinggwokyahn Wah adhdinng ga-- I'm not sure-~ 25LEssol_17 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE Waabkjé chutain yibyuht 1a, Maybe February next year, Méingwokyian Noah yéun afuh Reuigeo Méingeok Have you ever been to the a States before? Lingawokyiha Wivhe-yit-ghe-Lank-chit ofan ‘trip in 1967. Mésngrokyihe Hevigro bin af desnfing a? Maat places did you go? Singgrokyihe Hevigwo Sianfiahasin tihng T went to San Fransieco and Wanetnagdvokn §. whington, that's alls 8 1éunng dant deinfing agSh In those two places I have Bu yhuh obdnonti Béi dour. relatives, Méingwokying Noth hehohs hath aphath WAi2 you go to fashington Adubaih pout Wahsthagdeuha next time to a Binggwo Hein © Thatta right. Mésngroxyina Ding ngéh a6 agih go desnyt Let me write ay address tor bé4 ndin 1% you, Dousb Nihothngdeuks Siginyiu Then you get to Washington Lith agéndouh chdh 1a, be gure to come visit me, Singawok Ab Ngdh du dhgt wdin ngaiexds On--T didn't know your nome hdd Wanethagdeune the. vas in Washington, wa 2 Bath a, Ng6h bE gSdouh You, I was born there, chdutedd ge. 26CANTONESE BASIC COURSE ‘LESSON 17 1. Norss As Culture Notes 2. Lunar and solar calendar, In Hong Kong dates are reckoned by the solar calendar. Many people, however, reckon the dates of births, deaths, and weddings by the traditional lunar calendar. (On traditional Chinese wedding invitations both the lunar date and the solar date are given.) « Where you're born and vhere you're from. Traditionally a Chines counts hinself as being fron the place where hie ancestral village 4o, which may or may not he where he was born and brought up. A sintler vay of looking at things might be held by a person born to American parents living outside the U.S. B. structure Notes: 1, Fixed order in dates and addresses. Larger units precede smaller in descending order: Be: chiytalhn yihyuht next year on February 3rd ‘ean houh (See BC and Drill 6) Addresses aro given in the sane descending order: Bet Nggh ge edJthidan, My office ie at 149 Queen's Road Wei Danih Douh Jing Central, on the 3rd floor. at-a9i=gau bouh, ei Lau 2. Dates. Days of the week. Starting with Monday os the first day, Honday through Saturday are serially nunbered: 1. Lbdhboas Monday 2. Laihbaniyih Tuesday 3. Lashbastedas Wednesday 4, Tatnbanines Tmureday 5. Uthbeatheh Friday 5, Lashbaaslunk Soturday ‘7+ Laihbasi(yaht) ‘Sunday,LBssol 1 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE LAinbani is commonly used for tsunday* but 2athbaai aleo means ‘week.’ LAihbaaiyant, ‘Sunday,’ may be used in sentences which would be ambiguous with the use of laihbaai; generally, however, context makes the meaning clear. Hx: 1. Tingyaht léthbaai, Tomorrow is Sunday. 2. Nah hahgo 1&ihbasi } 'm busy next veek. oF mdakhsabn, i'm buay next Sunday. (See brit 2) Another word for ‘week’ ie singein, SIngkeih is substitutable for aihbaai everyvinere, with one exception: SLngitih is not used to mean ‘Sunday.* b. Nonthe of the year. Starting with Jamary as the firet month, January throvgh Decenber are serially mnbered. Jamary ehdtyuht July February daatyuht August March ghuyuht September pri, sapyunt October May eabpyatyuht Novenber Sune eabpyihyuht Decenber tyear,’ is preferred, but not obligatory, in year dates, yitegin-yateyit (alan) = 1. yitegiueceingiuc(alin) 1949 2. Note that =nin in a rising tone int gauhafn ast year gianin thie year entutais next year salina is, hovever, used by sone people in these phrenes: gauhadnn sieathn chdutalanCANTONESE BASIC COURSE 3BSS0N 17 4, Question-Word formulas for dates: bin ann? Which (or what) year? bin nthn bin yuht bin yaht? what date? abi yunt? Which (or what) month? geilds) houh? which (or what) day? Lbinbaaigéi? which (or what) day of the week? bin yant? watch (or what) day? (anower (See Dri 3) ed an day of week or titeyane, ghiyenes ote.) ‘a. A word or phrase which can fill the position before ot after ji until,! ttor ie a Timevord (1¥). Be: Uasnbanisei ji 1éinbaailunle Thursday to Saturday Keuih lgshbgaises Ji 1ainbasttunk He has to go to work iu feanging. ‘trom Thureday unt] Saturday. b. Tinevords £411 the Me When position before a verb. (See example sbove.) ere yasure compounds thet cannot fill the Timeword position. Instead they £121 the length of time (time span) position after c+ Names of months are Tisevords, but one month, two months, ete. smusber- the vero. Be: Tineimen Vorb Tine-span 1. Kouih ——Stamyunt hou. eve going in March. 2. Keuih abung heui sian go yuht. He plans to go for three onthe. 4, Sentence suffix 18, for uncertainty. Suffixes to sentences predicting time of an action the raised intonation 14 suggeste a degree of uncertainty, suggests that the time ie approximate rather than exact. fact 1. A. Nth géi dim yiu Jou a? when do you nave to go? 2. Loutng aim 12 About two o'clock. 2. ks Wein gbislh be ven are you going? B. Waahkjé chdutain yihyuht Oh, probably February fhert yearsEsso 17 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE TIT, vRILLS 1s Bxpansion Drill: +l. ae unt 2s a. month, + by hahgo yuht ». next month es hahgo yuht heut cs go next month 4, hahgo yuht fdanheut a. go back next month fe. déeyun hahgo yuht faanheui f+ plan to go back next £. Ngdh ddeyun bahgo yuht féan- f, I plan to go back to hheut Yinggrok- England next gonth. Subatitution Drill: Repeat the first then substitute as directed, ntence after the teacher, +1, Ngdh 1étnbaatyat heui tat 1, NebS Léthbaatyit heui tit hed het. I'm going to movie Monday. 2. Ngdh 1dthbaatyih heus téL hes. 3. Nedh 1étnbaatedam eas tit hess +4, /isavansi 4b, Neh 1étnbeadigh newt tis cscs het. + 5 /ldthbantiutl 5. Ngdh 1étnbaadtuhk news tét qin hes. + 6. Aldinbantyant, 6. Nggh Léinbaatyant heus ess errs pame het. +7. /Athbaai/ 7. Ngdn Lésnbaat heut tét het. Sunday) 3. Substitution Drill: Repeat the first sentence after the teacher, then eubstitute as directed, Kéuih kahayaht 1éih He came yesterday. 2, Kéuth kinmyant 124% ge + 2 /gaub aby 2, Kéuih gauhnfa 1Aih g fori) +3. /aie ols 3. Kéuth gimain 1éib ge. his year) We cane thie year.CANTONESE BASIC COURSE L3ssON 17 +4, /eouhng go yubt/ 4, Kéuih seuhnggo yubt lib eee +5. /seubng go 1éihbaat/ 5. Kéuih seuhnggo 1éthbaai 1aih ge. + 6. /at_go Léthbaat, 6. Kéuih nigo 1&ihbaai 1éih "ahie week) this week. 7. Kéuih algo yuht 1ain ge. He cane this aonth. +8. unt? / 8, Kouth géi yuht 1aih ga? (EE hontn2) hat’ month did he cone? (ehat ont?) + 9. /oln_athn?/ 9. Kéuih bin nfhn 1éih ga? Faich year?) What year did he cone? Ghat year?) + 10./bin nihn, bin yubt, dfn yabt?/ 10, Kéuih dfn nihn bin yunt, (what _date?) in yaht laih ga? That date did he cone? + 11. /g84(45)_houn?/ LL, Kéuth g@i(4) houh 1th ga? ‘what -day?) (of the nonth) + 12./Léthbaaigét?/ 12, Kéuth Léthbanigés 1dih ga? *“(ahat day of the week?) + 13. pola yant?/ 13. Kéuth vin yaht 1th ga? wat day?) Connent: géi_yunt? is the usual way for asking which/vhat month? but ina athn yunt yaht ‘year-gonth-day' Phrase, bin ie prefered ao question-word: bin athn, bin yuht, bin yaht a? = what date? 4, Conversation Drill: Students should recite the days of the week after the teacher before beginning thie drill. ‘Today is Thursday. + What day of the week ie ‘tomorrow? S2: Tingyaht 1inbasi- 52: Tomorrow is Friday. gh. jayaht 1éihbaaiyih, 1s As Mngyaht 1éthbaaty B. Tingyaht 1édhbaats 2. Ae Mugyaht 1éihbaaigét a? B. Tingyaht 1éihbeaifigh. 2, Gamyaht 1éihbaai. aessow 17, CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 3. Gawyaht 1éthbaaiyat. 3. As Mngyaht 1éthbanight a? B. Tingyaht 1éthbaaiysh. 4, Gimyaht 1hthbaat. 4. As Magysbt Lashbeatget a2 Bs Magyaht 1éthbantyit. 5+ Conversation Drili Bx: T: Laihbaalyat sdam Monday is the third, oun Sl: Laihbasiyin gids ‘Sl: Whet day of the month is it hou a? Tuesday? 52: Lidnbastyin sel 82: Tusnday 4a the bth. noun, 1. La&ihbaatyaht baat houh. 1. A, Léihbeatyat géido houh a? B. Laihbaatyst géu houh. 2. L&ihbaaisei yih houh. 2. A, Lashbaaiigh g6id5 houh a? 3. Lithbasisian sahplubk houb, B, Lithbaaieet eahpohit houks + Leanbaatigh ssbpohit houhy 4. As Léthbaad2ubk g3143 houb a B, Lédhbanstuhe sanpbaat ‘hou. 5. Lidhbaatiunke yahy&t houh, Se Ae Lhthbaatyaht g6145 noun at B, Léihbaaiyaht yahyih houh. 6. Expansion Drill Ex: 1, T: Ngdh yib houh aah 6 7enat yunt/ S: Ngoh chat yuht S: I came on July 2nd. yih hook 386b ge I came on the 2nd, /July/ 2s Ngdh luhke yuht 1éth ge NgSh unk yuht yeheot oun Yyabaes. hous/ Lath ge. 2. Ngdh_ood, yubt 1d4n ge. 2. Ned yat~ghuLunk-odam athe “/sit-giuelubk-aian aths/ 1 yuht 1th ge. R3. Ngdh gauh nin ath ge. (/eian yunt/ 4, gon chit houn 1dih ge. eis yunt/ 5. Ngoh y’ aah Poot yuht/ gau luhk sei nino 3. Ngée gaun nin of ith ge. Tcame in March leat year, 4, Ngdn giu yunt chat hou ‘aah ge 5. Nedh yt gu unk baat yuht adh = yuht ath ‘ranslation-Expansion Dit]. Ex: 1, T: /last year/ s1: Kéuih 7 Kéuih gavel idih gee Jooxt yoar/ s2: 2. si: lain a? 82: din. 1. /last sonth/ 2s fant wook/ 3. /L3th of Last month/ 4. /next month/ 5. /Septenber next year/ 6. /next Wednesday/ 7+ Vanuary last year/ Kéuih chéutnin 3B Sat eth 1dih $1: When did he come? He cane last year. When 46 he coming? He's coming next year. Keuih seuhnggo 1éthbant din ge. uh géieth 1dih ga? juih seubnggo yuht sahp- ‘sian houh lath ge. Kéuin géieih 1éth a? juih hago yuht 1din, Kéuth chéutain giuyunt idine eth 1aih 0? Kéuth habgo léthbaaisiaa 7+ Ae Kéuih gédeth 1éth ga? Kéuih gauhain yt yuht din ge:Lessom 17 8, /29th of next month/ CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 8, A, Kéuth géiein 1din a? B, Kéuih hange yuht yahgiu houh 1aih. 8. Question & Answer Drill Ext Tr ‘auga" hath sink Jing-T: '61 oboi ge deihfing. Si: Wayih gugoub ‘jauga' a? se: ge deihfong. 1. ‘Chitansat hain eihk Siichian ge deibténg. ‘Sejinidun’ hath joub sib panting. 3. "Giingel' hath maaih yoh ge deinfing. ‘4. INgiik? hath jyuh ge dethfing. + ‘Chahdduh’ hain yha chih ge deshfong. 6. ‘Hesyint hain tit hed deibting. is a place where you 10 food. y ‘t Chinese food, that" what. de S1t giujouh ‘chiansat* 8 ‘Ohdanedt! jIkhath eink Siichaan ge deibféng. giujoub ‘duh? a? 82: 'Sé{ihlduh' j{ikhaih jouh ein ge desntong. sar ji Mayén giujouh ‘gingel* a? SGinged! jTknaih manih yah ge dethting giujouh ‘ngik’ a? igik! jficnain Jyun ge deihting. 5. $1: Méyéh giujouh ‘chahidunt a? S2: ‘ohdhadun' jfiehatn chin ge desbeang. 6. Sir Méyéh giujouh thetyin' a? S2: tHeiyin' jfknaih tid hed ge deinfang.CANTONESE BASIC COURSE Response Drill Bx: 1. T Kéujh dheyun 4 When does she plan to go? geicth heui 0? next wonth/ Prange yunt/ 5: Disyun hago yubt S: (She) plans to go next month. heui. 2, T: Kéuih géiein heut ga? /seubnggo yunt/ St Seuhnggo yuht heut ge. When did she go? /last month/ ‘She went last month, 1. Wong Siang disyun géieih Jéu 1, Dasyun ago yunt Jiu. at /nigo yubt/ jin déeyun géieih misih 7uahgo Léthbaat/ 3. Néthdeih géisth joub ga? 3+ Seuhnggo yubt Jouh ge /eeuhnggo yubt/ 4. Nth slnaiang géieih féentéth — 4, Ego yunt ga? /nigo yubt yat houh/ Tath 5. Hoh Taai d&syun géisih faanheui 5, Dasyun tingyaht fianheui. a? /tingyaht/ Connent: If the action exprei 2 yun hahgo 1dihbaai afain, noun féan a by the verb has already occurred, the géieih question adds ge (ga) to the verb phrase. 70 a geieih VPage question, the anewer Ie stated in VP-ge fora, ih géisih heui 1. When did he go to Yinggwok ga? ‘England? ih gauhnin heut 2, He went last your. Ct von test your that But if the statenent sentence is a fend sentesc not a response to a géieth question, the prefer form 18 without ge. xt Kéuih gaubnfn heud He went to England Yinggwok. last year. ‘This sentence 4o a plain fact statement of general activity and as such usps SVO word order and an unin~ flected verb. The question throwe the focus of the sentence to the Timevord. The sentence pattern for highlighting the Tmevord in a past reference sentence ist S Tinevord V ge. 35LEssow 1; CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 10. Transformation Drill: Change the sentence to a tise exprei question, following the pattern of the example son Bx: T: Kéuih yStogbucluhk- nat year did he cone to Hong ‘bast (nih) 1&ih ge. Kong? Kéuih big nllm 1h Sz He came in 1968, Haunggéng 69° 2 gi ntbn 1, Kéuih bf nfhn chouteat ga? « Kéush yat gf chéuteai ge. 2. Kéuth géu yunt fdan Méihgwok, 2. Kéuih géi yuht tian Meihgwok What sonth is he returning to America? Kéuih bin yaht dakndobn a? What day is he free? Kéutn bfn_athy dfn yunt, vin yeht chdut eat ga? Kéuih tingyabt daichdahn, Kéuih gé1 hou heui taam kéuih léth a? 6. Kéuih ofung 61 af Sing chéut gaat a? i. Expansion Driii Bx: Ts NgSk: yuh pahagyduh gt downs /ee. friends there. reuhng Ai0/ 5: G6 léuhng,gian jéu- S: I have friende in both of die, ngén dou yaun those two hotele, péhngyaun bad doun. 1. Nebh, yuh J&inéut és douh, 1,06 VSuhag gia hobkhaaun, 78 Leung gdan hobkhaauh/ ngéh dow yaun jaineus BEL down, @ Léuhng dagt dotheing, agéh dou yaun tani taad had douh. 3. Ned, yuh chin hid doh. «6% 1gubng géan ngdhondhng, (/g8 Leung gaan ngannhdhng/ agéh dou youn chin hid doun. 4, Ngéh_yéuh ngik b&4 douh, 4, Héunggéng, Géulinng, ngdh ‘/Séunggong, Gdulihus/ abu yuh Gk had doun.,CANTONESE BASIC COURSE LESSON 17. 5. Kéuth yéuh adahapitmayih bat doub. /ebthn, aun, 3, yauh/ Zanead, bobind, right and getty 5. Chibn, hun, J, yauh, kéuth 45u yuh naaha pihngyéuh nai douh. 12. Transformation Drill ehanchik jyuh Waheihngdeunn. chanchTk 5: aiangdounn, Kéuth fu ngihnging bu Leng. Kéuih gian ngik héu daain, Ngoh pahngyauh bad 8: sib jouh sih, 4, Nin bin syd bai douh. 5. Ngdh go Jat hdd Yinggwok seat oyi. Ngoh ch@nchik héi gé gdan ngahnhéhng jouh sih. 13. Expansion Drill Mng3t néih giv kéuth 44 dihnwd bat ngod x St fng’t néih jiginyiu giu Kouin'd& dihnwd bed ngoh St Gesdak bot Abou ahgesdak at ah @hhdu wah kéush jf at le 2. he ingyaht 12h nghdoun eink faa I I have relative: hington DC. who live in 1. Kéush yéuh fu agéhngéng hou leng. Kéuth yéuh gian ngike hou danas. 3. Ngdh yéub pabngyéuh had ‘Siantéahnedh Joun ein. Nain yéuh bin eyd hid doun. Ngén yhuh go jé1 hid Ying- ‘ewok gaat ey, Ngdh yun chdnentk his go gaan ngabnhdhng jouh sih. 2. a 5 6. Please tell him to telephone ne. Please be sure to tell hin to ‘telephone me. 1, Sighnyty getaaie at 2. Jigényiu athéu angetaake at 3+ Nib jigémyiu anbu wah fuih jf al 4, Tngyant Jigdnyiu isn ngohdouh sink faaha a.zssov 17 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 4, Expansion Drill: sxpand whe sentencai Bx: Ts Ngéh_yiu heui tam Chahn Tasi. /dindaai/ S: Ngdh 1Aihbaad yiu heui taam Chbhn Tani. 1. Ngdhséung miaih af yéh vba ngdh néushpahngyéuh, 72 go Laihbaai/ 2. NE aput bdeih juhng héu sin bo» ‘/abib/ 3. Néih, Syun héi bEndouh a? 7xouin afm 38/ (pow did he know) 4, Yahyuht dak yiheahpbaat yaht ‘Ses /edanin/ +5. Kéuth anofk jd tani jf. /ngbh aast/ He does not know how to chopsticks. elasp cehopeticke] + 6, Renth béL Wéthgvok fdanjé 1aih, ‘/seunng go yuat sed houh/ He has come back from America, Keath Tkkéi yuh dihneth, /jubng weih/ Their house has (or had) television. 8. MbgSi néth ning 184 nfdoun 12. Peis chab/ 9. Mhgdi néin déi jek ging ngdh 7138/ Comment: Bi personal habit. Lesson 15, p. 3hle with the cue words. I'm going to go visit Mra. Chan, /Sunday/ I'm going to go visit Hr. Chan on Sunday. 1. Ngbdp stung af go baat ‘aain af yén bei ngoh néuinpihngyéuh. 2. Neth of deus ndash sung ‘pou sin bo. 3. Kéuih afm jf néin jyuh nis pindouh a’ 4. Gimnin yinyunt 48% yih- eahpbaat yaht ji 5+ Neh ange ruth aheTi Ja faai jl, 6, Seuhng go, yunt sei hou weeait, bal Méihgwok faanJd lain. 7. Kéuth Gkwét jubng mein yuh dahnedi. ‘Their Rouse doesn't (or didn't) have television, 8, Mhgdi néih ning vid chah ‘din sfdouh 1a, 9. Ang’s néih B84 ad ok ging ngdh 2a. nahi, as ‘from,' is interchangeable with yduh, 'from,! Choice of hii of yauh reste with personal praferenc #6 above, and Comsent in Vol. One,CANTONESE BASIC COURSE Lesson 17 15. Combining Dril1 ‘Ex: T: Ngdh, yih houh hui. Ngoh hehgo yubt heut, 5: Ngdh hango yuht yi ‘houh heut. i. Kéugh chéutnin fdanheut. Kéuih sei yuht faanheut. 2. Keuihdeth 1éinbaaiedam 1aih. Kéuihdeih hah go laihbaad ith. 3. W2hpg Sdang hah go yuht heud Wang Sdang sabpyih houk heut Maibgwok. 44, W3h Sfujé seuhng go léthbaai lash ge, ith ge. 5. Ngbh gauhnin heut ge. Ngdh ot heui ge. yubt yabsiam houn mr going on the 2nd. I'm going next month. St I'm going on the 2nd of next month. he Keuihdeih hah go léihbaat- a iin, 3» W3hng Sdang hah go yubt ‘eshpyih houh heui Méih- grok. Hh Siujé seuhng go 1aih- Seniyit itn gee 5. Ngdh gaunain chat yunt ‘yahaian houn heul ge, 16. Response Dri Bet 2, Nfpdat yuh abun tet ues a2 Prdnagent/ ou, KBhnyant tai lik. Nida yun whan wiser Fddatdanay St Méuh, oipaai dou indaiadabs ai. 2.0 1. MIpéai yéuh mouh heud yauh- eéui a? /éihbaailuk/ 2. NEpdat_yiuh nun ai min juke 0? ‘/andaicniana/ 3. NIpiad yéun mbun hous miath 122 at (equim, go binant / ast week or 1set Sunday) 9 Have you lately? en any movis Yea, I aaw one yesterday, Have you played ball recently? + Noy T haven't had (leisure) time to play lately, 1. dup, 1éihbaatiuhk hes, iain. Moun, nfpéad au ahdaiendann aa. 3. Yauh, sounng go 1éthbaai heut ith.‘LESSON 17 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 4. Wipdat yéuh nouh_heui bdahng = 4, Moun, nfpdai ddu ahduhiahe gungel a? /abdakbdahn/ heute 5. Nipdet_yduh aduh bohk Jd chd a? 5. Méuh, nfpfad 43u dhaaihiahn ‘7abadichdann/ hohk. 6. Mipéns yun moun a& pied a? 6, Youh, 1éthbaatedam ai 1dth, /léihbaaisdan/ 7. Nipiat_yduh abun fianheui team 7. Yaub, aauhng go yuht mibma a? /seuhng go yuht yat houh faanheui lik, ‘nouh/ 8, NEpiai_yéuh mbuh gvo nbie? 8 Muy nfpiad 43u hadhdahn (/indakndaba/ B06 IV. CONVERSATIONS FOR LISTENING (on tape. Refer to vordlist below as you listen.) Unfamiliar teres, in order of occurrence 1) Néuh = Nothing special 2) 44 = (not until) then 3) go deihji = here: your address 4y) Léub Wong = ‘01a Wong'--Lbun + suraane ie used as form of address to @ man by good frients, (The tone of the surnaue changes from low falling tone to high rising tone.) 5) Singgabd = Singapore 6) ngfamgiaa = just 2) 5A = Goaly) thei 8) tlangedath = tihng 9) Téihwian = Taiwan 20) yinehtnn = previously 12) adangyt = (commercial) business (not until) ther Vv. SAY If IN CANTONESE As You say to the person sitting B: And he replies? next to your What day of the today? 2. What day of the month is 2. Thursday's the thy ‘Thureday? rd/at/nde wo ered 1. It's 73- What's your birth date? 4, then aid you come to Hong Kong? I hear you arrived last sonth. ds that right? T hear he went to America last week--ie that right? 7. What day are you free?--I'd like to ask you to dinner. Have you been to England before? Qe I hear you're leaving for Japan on October 10th. ee me when you get to San Francisco. Do you have relatives in the States 12. 13. Me, Lee went to Shanghai last year and still hasn't returned. 1h, where'd we read to last week? 3. I wae born on 5 4, T came 21 t years No, I came this month. No, he went this week. 7. How about tomorrow? Yes, I went in 1968, and returned last year. 9+ No, dt's Novenber 10th that Iva going. 20. A jaugi is a place where You eat Chinese food. 12, Finet Please give ae your 12. No, I don't have any rel tives there, but I have Francisco, His wife told me he might be back next month. LB. Friday, but T don't remember what page we got to. Vocabulary Checklist for Lesson 17 Le 2 3 4 baatyuht TW August, ‘bin nihn? ‘TW which year? bin alhn, bin yuht, bin yoht? TW vhat date? bin yant? 1 what day? bin yunt? TW what month? (in a year-nonth-day phrase) chinenike n relative(s) chatyuht ™ July chéutnin ‘TW next year chéuteai Vo to be born aL1. ne a. B. abe om 16. a. 1B. » al. 22. 2. he 25. 26. 22 28. 29. 30. a 32. 33. 3h. 35 36. 32. 38. 39. a 42. 43. LESSON 17 NTONESE ebeyun Aw daat . deinting or deinging - eins 2 faanheui v gamin Tw geuhnin at giuyuht ™ g6i (45) hour? w esyuht ™ gin v hahehi ™ hahgo éihbaai ™ hhahgo yuht ™ hai prep “houh be Hou noih mouh gin, Ph JA faaiji vo Sigan(yiu)_V_ Ph Slicnais Ph Lath (PH) ose 1 Ph vashbeat 2 vhibbaat ™ Lathbasi gi? ™ lsinbaailunk ™ rainbeaiten ™ aihbaaisaam ™ Laihbaaiees ™ laihbaaiysht tw ladhbaniyat ™ Laihbasiyih Ww unigruht ™ al go 1ainbaai ~ al go yuht ™ BASIC COURSE plan on, plan to M, for a place place address go back, return this year last year September what day of the onth? what month? next tine next week next month fro Gay of the month "long tie no see.! use chopsticks (clasp-chopeticks) by all means do _V_ that is, in other worda, that is to sey be sure to- Cone visit (place)! week Sunday what day of the week? Saturday Friday Wednesday ‘Thursday ‘Sunday Monday Tuesday June thie week thie wonthCANTONESE BASIC COURSE LESSON 17 he alin year 45. feayuht TW Hay 46. noth Aaj long (tine) 47. SdantiahneShn Pi San Francisco 48. edanyunt 1 March 49. eabpyatyeht 1 Noveeber 50. eakpyhyunt 3 Deconber he sabpyunt TW October 52. eoiyuht BW April 53. seuhng go 1&ihbaai IW last week 54. seuhng go yuht TW Last wonth 55. téngeinwah Ph hear tell, (1) hear... Chear-see-talk] 56. Wahsihngéeuhn Pi Washington 57. wah Shdihng. Ph Can't say for sure, uncertain 58. yatyunt IW January 59. yahe ¥ aay 60. yibyunt IW February 62. yuhe n ronth 43A LE3S0K 16. BASIC CONVERSATION CANTONESE BASIC COURSE ‘sity student Baau Bok-léuhng, waiting for his girl to get ready to go out, talks to her elder sister:) th hath bEndouh sha a? Bok-23ubng Grong, 84 n64? oF 64 noth? Syunye tt n6i7 pi n&d Heunggéng jyunJé 64 abi a? abu Léubng nfhn déu, Nein adayun funng yuh g64 oi a? siete Jiolu yét otha, daasbhohk dunk danibhohie duhk éunng nthn daaihhohke Ngbh duhkjé iéunng nthn daathhohk ge le batyinp Juhng yéub yat nfbn Jauh Shp. elder sister What place are you from? Ges, Where 48 your family fron?) Canton. how long? have lived how long?s lived how long? How long have you lived in Hong Kong? approxiaately About two year! How auch longer do you plan to atay? at least, At least a year. university atudy at the university study tvo years at the university I've studied two years at the university. graduate T etill have another year then 1/11 graduate,CANTONESE BASIC COUKSE yinchtha, Stehihn seth. .VP,.s2chihn, agsh seth 1éth Héuigedag Henihny... ‘Bihwian, o T3ihedan NgGh meth 1éih Héungeéng jichiha, agéh hit TSihwian duhk sy. H&t gédoub gyuhgé g64 afhn, fo absin or gdJenn Néih hdd TStetan 88: vIndouh jyuh a? reanbae a4 Team, Stheuk vatsS yinp jthauh Néih batgé ythp jinaun, di yan heui bindoun 07 Bok-2éubag kyutdihng meih kyutdihag fuhng meih kyutdihag héimobag héimohng héy{h heul Yinggrok Laubhohk Yingd junng meth kyutdihng, @aabohaih ngéh héisohng néyfn heui Tlaggwok léuhhohk. 45 previoueiy otuay Where aia you study before? vefore defore Yerk 2Ureee, before I came to Hongkong,, Tadean Before I came to Hongkong, T studied in Taiwan, I lived there for several years. when, at the tis When you were in Taiwan, where 444 you liver ‘Taiped In Taipet. after after you graduate After you graduate, where do you plan to ga? (4. do you plan to aov) what decide not decided yer sti2i not decided yet nope I hope I can go to England to study abroad still not decided yet, but I hope to be avse to go to England to study. Tt!SON 18 ylingsd yihgyd shheui Lauthobk Winged abnoul Miubhohk, jaun nit @oah win yén joun, CANTONESE BASIC COURSE ar Af I don't go abroad to etuay look for a job [look fot something to do} If T don't go abroad to study, 1°22 look for & Job here, Regapstulation: (University etudent Biau Bok-Léuhag, waiting for his girl to get ready to go out, talks to her elder sister:) gi Nin hath bindouh yahn a? BokeLduhag. sas Néih h&i Hdunggéng jyuhjd gSi abt a? Léubng nthe é8u, Ssefu yit atna, NgSh dunkJS 1éuhag afk daaihnohk ge la. Junag ydun yt ann Jauh dityinp. Nein yfhoninn ni bfndoun dubke syd a? Bok-Léuhng NgSh meth 1dih Hdungging jfeninn, agéh nit TGineian dubk oy. 46 What place a you fron? Canton. How long have you lived in Hong Kong? Avout two yeara- How much longer do you plan to atay? At lenat a year. Tive studied two yours at the university. I etill have another year then Tl graduate. Where did you study before? Before I cake to Hongkon: studied in Taiwan,CANTONESE BASIC COURSE Mai gédouh jyuhjé g64 nfhn, I lived there several years. Noth nid TEthwian gbjén Bit When you were in Taiwan, bEndouh jyuh a? where did you live? Ris Toanbak. In Taspot. Gass Nein batJ yihp jtheuk, ddsyun Atter you graduate, shat do heut bindouk a? you plan to do? Bok-léubng ‘Whga juhng meih kyutdibng, daahn- It's still not decided yet, hath ngéh héiaohag hoyfh heut bat I hope to be able to Tagerok Léuhhohie. s0 to England to study. Whges dahout 2unhohk, Jauh héL Tf T donte go abroad to atudy, doun who yéh Joan. I'L ook for a Job here. a, Slohinn, {Ubsuh, and gbjan are conjumctions vhich stand at the end of the first (subordinate) clause and join it to the folloving (main) clause, The order of aubordinate clause first and main aecond te srreversible, Bx (from Bo)s 1, Ngbh meth 14h Houngsing Before I oane to Hongkong, SHohihn, ngbh hdd T etudied in Taiwan, Titman SME yl. (See aleo Drill 42) 2, Weih b&tSS yihp jlhauh, After you graduate, where @asyun bout bfndoun a? do you plan to go? When you vere in Taiwan, where did you Live? oF (See aleo Drill 41) aTLasso 18 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE ». (weth)..VP.-jichihn,... meh ie often used before the verb of the jichthn phrase, The meaning of the phrage is the sane with or without meth, Be: Heth (meth) 124 Héungging «Before I came to Hongkong, lohiin, bad Tethvias T studied in Taiwan. dunk oy. cs dlchinn and 2hauh form Tinevords with a preceding Humber + Measure when the Measure 40 a tine measure, Ex: Mu +H lobihn/jihauh dan nln jichihn = j years before; 5 years ago eden ninn jihach = 3 years later, 5 years aftervards; after 3 years Exagple sentences: 1. Kéuth dam nlln jlchihn’) neuk 1, He vent to terion to study abroad three Méthgvok ——Joarn egos (or three 1Liahbohk. years before) 2, Kéuth sim ninn $ibauh 5 years, he vent to (See Lesson 22,Dri11 17) America to study abroad.) 4, gbjabn does not link vith a length-of-tine Humber + Measure compound ‘as {ichinn and J$hauh do, but oan steelf act as a Tinevord, Fer godem + ‘at that tine! Kéeuth gdjahn heui Meihgwok at that tine he vant to ‘uhboh. America to study abroad, 2. yihohthn, "previously, and yinheuh, ‘aftervards! wibchimn, ‘forverly,' ‘previously,’ "before," and yibhauh, ‘after- wards,' ‘eter,! can operate in single clause sentences. xr 1,’ Kauth yihohihn héi nfdouh He Lived here previously. Syuh. 2, Keuth ylohauh héi nfdouh «He Lived here eftervards, ‘yuh. aiachiin ima'yittauh mst come before the verb and can cone before the subject of the sentence aa well: To words in this category ve give tse nase Hoveable Adverd (MA). Bx: Yhetinn tooth nit niaoun a Previously he éeth yinenibn nét-nidoun jya ( H¥04 (See Drills 9, 14) 4CANTONESE BASIC COURSE LESSON 16 3. Tine spent expressions in sentences of future reference. In sentences of future reference the central verb is often preceded by such ouriliary verbs a8 stung, ‘plans to," disyun, ‘plane to,! or stay intends to," vhen & Tine-spent expression follove. ser Keuth| cr | dub Leung He plane to take tvo years soune ‘want niin Yingadhn, of inglish. via ( 4, Mine spent expressions in sentenoes of past reference. In sentences of past reference the verb dds the suffix -18 ‘accom Plish! or ~gvo ‘experience, vhen a Tine-spent expression follovs. Bes ov (-J62 18 ye BC & Drills 7, 12, 15) Keath duhk 46 Léuhng nln Yingmahn, He took to a0 years of Bglien. (See Bo and Dritte 2, 5, 4, 5, 6 15) 5. YeiS + timespent and Yogvo + timespent compared + Hni5 + timespmt phrase This pattern is used to express both: fa, action or condition which began in the past and continues to ‘the moment of speaking: ‘Bx: 1, Kéeuih hat nf douh jyuh{o He has lived here 3 years. ‘aa niko 1 2, Keuth nevi i> edam go Lith. He has been gone for 3 “baat Ta vooks. ‘b. action or condition which began in the past and ended in the pasts Bei 1. Kéuth bid Wihethngtubn He Lived in Washington for ‘S7ubjé ofan atin. 5 youre. 2. Kouth neutJ6 odam go He went for three weeks. Lédhbaat, or He vas avy for 5 weeks, Sentences of the type described in a. above generally end in Js, prompting the analysis that time spent sentences of the pattern Fai + tine apent + le are restricted to those describing otions vaieh degen in the past and continue into the present, Hovever 1a 19 aloo used at the ond of sentences of type b above, describing ections which began in the past and ended in the past. 9LESSON 18 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 8 that the tine spent is con- ch 18,1) In auch cases 1a is used to ete: sidered a long tine, (For an example of the latter >. Wommeavo + tine apent_ phrase ‘This pattern ie ased to express action which began in the past and ended in the past. This otruoture marke the action of the verb as teminating sonetine before the moment of speaking. Ex: Ngdh hobigyo ofan uthn Yingaihn. I studied mglish for 5 (iainot studying nov) Relative position of Timespent phrase and other post-varbal expressions. ‘8, ith most Yo phrases, the time-spent phrase precedes the direct object as modifier to St. fxs Ngdh 4495 yBtgo Singtiuh 03. I played ball for an hour. T played an hour of ball. (See Bo and Drill 23) b. With otter VO phrases, the time-spent phrase follovs the object of the verb: Bx: Ngdh dingJé kéuih léuhng go Jih, I waited for her for ten ainutes, (Seo Desi 5) the preference is to treat the direct two verbal expressions in ec, With still other ¥O phrast object and the time-spent pares rie: YO + Vis5 timonpent: Be: Kéuihdeih win Ok, wind ged They looked (or have been go yuht. ooking) for a house for ‘several months, (Lesson 19, D 15) 4, Another favorite treatment puts the logical object in topic position, with the coment an SVQ clause, the Q of S¥O being the time-spent phrase: Bx: ME gian ngfik ngéhdeih Jyuhjd «Tae house wetve Lived im ofan go yuht 1a, ‘three monthe.CANTONESE BASIC COURSE LESSON 18, » When the YO is a movement verb + PY object, the time spent phrase follows the Pw object. Bei 1. Kouth 14h36 Bbungging 1. Hote been in Hong Kong aéuhgeinoih, for just a abort tae. 2. Kaush disyun hous éthvlan 2, He plane to go to Tesven ‘(syuh) sedan nik, (fo live) for three years. (See Dri 15) ‘Time elapsed since « particular action or since the establishuent of fa state of affairs, is also expressed by Vaid + timespent. If the sen- tence 18 an SVO direct object sentence, the tine spent phrase follove the airect object. Ber 1, Keuth gitjo fin yBt ninn, 1, He's been married for one yesr. QF Itla been a year eines he got married. 2, Kéuth binjé tk léukng 2, He's boon moved for 2 naiha. years. ‘bin nik = Cmove-house], or It's been 2 yours tee, move ines he noved. tor He moved 2 youre ago. 3. Neth ga chB mfaihjs sian 3, My car has been bought ihn, tor three years. tie. Tive had this oar 3 years, A sentence which is phrased Yorb-{6 + Timoapent is potentially ambiguous, inasmuch as both the time-apent pattern and the tine-since pattern both use thie formula of expression. Thus: NT gin ofan JouhJé vuhng yabt, took tvo days to make, hae been made (Finiehed) for 2 days In an S¥O construction there 48 no ambiguity. the S¥O, and the tin eriess =the tine-since follows spent adopts the pattern of verbal expressions tn Ber 1, Kéuth jouhJ6 nfginn ofan 1. Shots nad the drese made for Vouhng yaht, 2 days. (sinoe 2 days ago) 2, Kéuth jouh nf gihn olan, 2, She took 2 days to make the Joungé 2 gant. ress. aLESSOm 16 XII, DRILLS 1. Substitution Drill: Re then substitute as directed, 1. Kéuih mits gyun nid Sdam- ‘féahnsin., 2, /kouih/Gwong jau/ Canton + 3+ /agin ge entibug5/Densniunb/ (continent) (istntand China) +4, /agh sihed/Ounin/ (Macau) 5. /kéuth af jtnbui/TSinwian/ Comment: Chin 2. a de 5 the word for ‘continent, sr to Mainland China. We letter to differentiate Mainiand,? CANTONESE BASIC COURSE ntence after the teacher, nibed jyuh hid Siam fiahneih. 1h fyuh nid oxbng sin. jo Lives in Cantons My children Jive on the Mainland. Ngéh maha jyuh hit Cumin. Kéuih af jéinéud jyuh nat ‘Tethwaan. uh, to pell it with a capital continent’ from ‘the Transformation Drill Latngé Lainyo adhe + Lain jd géigo jib. Laing g64(a3) go jih a? otha, yant. go Jib. go 1éthbaai. athye ett, Langs atngé bath go eit been Laing g&4 go yunt. Laihjé gé1 finjing. Liang He here several hours, dingtiun. Hoo Ho here (or cane here) ym many y% (gz was he) here? Has been (or was) here for several 5 ainute periods. yw many 5 minute periods has (he) been (or was he) here? Latngs Lith sé Laing Latngé 2? Laangé a? 681(45) nthn a? yaht a? go jth at go 1éinbaat gatas) g84(45) go jingtiun Laing g84(a3) Laingo g&4(a3) go yunt a? tinging 0?CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 3SON 18 with the meaning time! Note that the question ‘hov many M7" can be either g6i H? or géldd K?, and 4f the form used is géi M7, the qi 3. Substitution Drill Ex: T: Laid edan go yuht. T: Has been here (or came here) 74uhk/ for three months, /etudy/ S: DubkJ® sdam go yuht. S: Has studied (or studied) for ‘three sont! +1, Ding48 sdubgbinoth §3, /noui/ 1. Heuijé mbungétnoth J. thse Yerrtoas)” Has been gone for not for just « Little walle, Dunkgé gét ntha. /3yuh/ 2. Jyuhgé gt nina, go fingtauh. /dou/ 3. Dousé yat go jiingtauh. igo Ldthbaai. /heui/ 4, HeuiJS géigo 1éthbaat. ‘been bought for ks. [iee. bought it eral woeks ago; have had it for several weeks] 5+ Latn$6 méungéinoth J2. /dou/ 5. Dousé wbuhgsinotn J 6. Dubkg6 néudS nda 1a, /ménth/ 6, Ménihjé héudd nthn La. 7. Doujé séam go yuht la. /laih/ 7. Laihgs 8. Lathys gad yaht 8 go yunt 1a, frous/ 8, Heussé edt yont 33. 4. Substitution Drill: Repeat the firet sentence after the teacher, then oubatitute as directed, 1. Dubk§é adam go yuhte Ls Dunkjé adam go yunt. Studded 3 soothe. 2. /mbuhgéinoih/ 2. Dubkjo mouhgéinoin, 3. /déng/ 3. Dangjé mouhgéinoih, he /e4 go Jin/ 4, Dangjé g@i go jib, 33LESson 18 5. Mreut/ 6. /aunng go jingtduh/ 72 /ish/ 8. feed nthn/ CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 5. Houtss gi 6. Hout 36 7. Lasngs 8, Latnsé go Jah, Yéubng go Jingtéun. Léunag go fingtéuh. e4 ibn ‘Traneforsation Drill: Transform from statement to question following the pattern of the exanple, Bat Ts Ngdh dango bush aéuhng go jin Si Nean gin a? 1. Ngdn ofnadang heui J Daaihiuhk jam go yuht la. 2. Ngdh taattéat téanjéi go Slingtiuh J Hy wife hae been back home for half an hour, that's all, or Hy wife cane hone just halt fan our ages ing Sdang duhkj6 eabp g8 nthn Yingeahn la. 4. Kéuih JyunJ TSthwdan Léuhng atin Je. G8 go Tthwaen yan dine nfdouh sei go éihbsat 1a, 6, Han Stugé go sdn abragtt mhaihjo ged yaht Joo Kéugh olnedang gdan dk wéaihs> Léuhng nihn la. Rer tusband’e house vas bought 2 yeare ago. ((has been) bought 2 years} 8. chann Tani fhanjé Gkxdi yat go jungtauh je. Nra, Chan went hone an hour ago. T I've waited for nim for ten minutes, that’s aii, iow many 5 minute periods have you waited for hia? ch afngiang heut {8 Daaih- (a5) go yunt a? 2. Noth taaitéas tianjs g21(48) go ding 3. Whng Siang aunkjo g65(48) ain Yingadhn a? 4, Kéush jyuhjé Toihwaan géi(ds) ihn at 5. G8 go Téthdan_yabn 1asnye afdoun geiCd3) go 14th baat a? 6. Hon Slugs go san adrogaa mhaihje gei(es) yen a? 7. Kéuth ofnadang gian dk iabainje geiCas) thn a? 8. chahn Thad tdanJé dex’ 64 (43) go jingtuh a?CANTONESE BASIC COURSE LasSON 6. Transformation Dri11 Bx: Ts Ngo has afdoub ‘jyuhjo eahp nihn. $2 Ngdh dieyun nds nidouh jyuh sahp aiha, 1, Nebh hid Héunggéng duhess ‘eda go yunts 2, Kéuth hdd gddoun Joubjd gi go yuht. 3. Ngdh ofnedang hi afdoun syuh- ($6 gaa nihn. 4, Ngoh teaitéed hai Méihgwok yuhJo hou nosh. My wife hae lived (or lived) in Anerica for a long tine. 5. Ngdhdeth nt aldoun dingJs yatgonwat. 7. Expansion Drii Ex: T Néihdeth désyun ‘dyuh g@i noth a7 S: Néindeih daeyus dubng jyuh gét noth a? 2. Néih kyutathag ding g64 noin tin a? 2, Neth Réimonng dubk géi noth tha 0? + 3. Nedh 148 chang chit baat go yann 36, Tim going to invite only 7 or 8 people at aost. 4, Néan jinfv ytu géi chin a? 5. Neh $443 1: I have lived here 10 year 8: I plan to live here 10 years, 1. Ngéh ddoyun hdd Heungging unk efam go yunt, Kouth ddgyun néi_gddoun oun ge go yube. 2. 5. Nein ofnadang ddeyun nat ‘afdouh fyuh gei niha, NgSh taaitéas dieyun nd Médngwok jyuh hou noth. My wife intends to live tn America for a long tines NgShaesn aéeyun nét ufdoun ‘ing yateog a Tr How long do you intend to ‘tay? S: How much longer do you intend to atay? ip kyutdihng jubng ding get noth tia a? Néth Rdimohng juhng dunk gé4 noih tin a? I'm only going to invite 7 or 8 nore people at most. Me Néih, jefu juhng yiu git onin a? Ngbk Jidé jubng ding néih B6i fanging 36 5‘Lsssof 1a 8, Expansion Drill Bx: 2: NgGh chéng #thk faahn, St Yahgwé ngh yauh hin, ngoh jauh ebéng sihk Taahn. 1. Ngdh duhk deaihhohi. 2. Ngoh heui Méihewok jyubs Ngdh miain cn Ngoh gitfan. (to get married] ‘Iva going t© get earried, af satiéugs heut CANTONESE BASIC COURSE ‘Tr I'm going to have a dinner party. S: If I have (or ad) the money, I'm going to have (or would nave) a Sinner party. 2, Tingeé ngéh yéuh chin, ngén Jauh dunk daathhobie, 2. WihgwS ngh yduh chin, ngdh Jaun heut Médngwok jyuh, 3. Yingwé agéh yéun chin, ngdh auh mbadh obi 4, Wingnd ngh yduh chin, gdh fauh git 5+ anges ngdh yduh chin, agdh Jauh dani af aadlougs Aout Téthwaan, 6. WangwS gdh yiun chin, nese jauh ahedi tibng keuib dyuh. 7. Yihgwo gon yaun chin, ngs taaitéai jauh il 9 Expansion Drikt tx: T: Kéuth yfhehinn bit Héunggong jyuh. 2 wdugh plyonthn bt yingltna! oEnadun jr et 1, Kéuth yfnehfhn hid Tanda dunkeyi 2, Kéuth ySnohinn hdd Winng Oa Gingot jouh #ih. 3. Kéuth ylnchthn b&t Mahowah Jéudia Jyuh, Tr He lived in Hong Kong before. S: He iived in Hong Kong before, where does he live now? 2, Kéuih yinchtnn bid, Tétnbaie dunkeyl, yikga bét bin doun dulk’ a? 2. Kéuth yihonina nit wihng On Gingst joun eih, yinge hid bEadouh jouh a? 3. Kéuin yinohibn hit dnpedh Saudia jyub, rings hat bindouh jyuh 0?CANTONESE BASIC COURSE LESSON 18 4, Jéung Tas yinchihn héi Daih- 4. Jéung Téai yinchinn nas Tink geau’ Orokyib. Daashlubk gaau Grokyan, yinga h&i bIndouh goat 5. Kéuth yibenin tihng kéuih 5. Kéuih y{nchinn tihng kéuih pébngyauh jyuh. pahngyaun jyuh, yinga tihng bingo jyuh a? 10, Expansion Drill. Bx: T: fng34 ‘@& dinnwi T: Please phone me, bed ngbh. 8: Netw jéu fohinn, Sr Before you leave, please phone ahgdi ndih aa, me. dihnwé béi agoh, 1. Mgdt néth wah neh jt. 3th, gha sHonginn, dngdt th wah ngoh ji. 2. Mgdt noth giu Hon Siujs yahplaih. + 3. Mhgdt néth Bétfaan bin oyi agoe (give back, return (some- thing) 4h, fingdt nétn ad aihnwd bes wu, jtonihg, aga eee a8 athand bé4 kéusn, 5. Mgdi néih séubng heud wah 5. Réih jéu jichihn, ahgdi ngoh edhe jf yh afuhng ect wah D4 ngoh oihoa ji. 11, Response Drill: Transform each sentence to choice type question, following the pattern of the example, Bx: T: Ngbh dub dgaihhobk |; When T was at the university, fgoJahn, hat chanchfk I lived at ay relative house. fags jun. Noty dunk daathhohk S: neu you were at the university, géjahn, hat abbas 444 you live at your r ohanchtk dkkéi, lative's house? Syun a7 1. Ngdh gitfan gSjahn, ngéh mihma 1, N@ih gitfan gdjahn, natn had T3ihwaan, nihaa hai-ahhéi TSihedan a? When I got married, ay aother Maen you got marrio: was in Taiwan, or was your sother insssor 10 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE When I get married, ay wother will be in Taiwan, abe gdfaha, iteis 1 nove, I don't need to buy anything. (bin_ngite = 3. Ngbb h&i TEinbak gSfann, nh ‘T8thwaan Daaihhohc dukk #: Ngoh heut sdaih yth gdjanny ‘Jaudim chang yaa, When I got sarried, I had the wedding reception at the Mandarin Hotel. 6. Nedh gittén gb jaha,, sbung nat Mahowdh Jéudia chéng yan. + Expansion Drill asl. T Kéuih déeyun hath ga ons. Sr dug tangs $thaub, diayan wai em che. TM Kouih wiaih{s ea ebe St Kéuth 1ain3o Héunggong jihauh, abaingé gee! yyun binheut Giutdhng He plana to aove to Kowloon to live. 2, Kéusn Jounge nud’ stam, 58 2. Négh bin Gk gSJann, fihsdt dash yon 07 3. Néih hdd Toanbak gS Jann, haih anhath hat TSihwaen Daaihhohk dunk ey’ a’ 4, Nin nut dain yh gdJahn, hate Atinaih g@ug Gwokyin ‘a? 5. Noib gitfi gajanny hain ih i Mahnwah Jauale chéng yan a? Shen you got married, didn't you have the wedding Feception at the Mandarin Hotel? 6. Nein gitedn gbJahny Ahebing nif Mamawdn Jauddn chéng yan a? 7: Hete planning to buy a car. S: After he gets to Hong Kong, he plans to buy a car. He vought a car, After he got to Hong Kong, he ‘bought a car, A. Kéutn 1atngs stheuhy a After he ge he plans to nove to Kow. 2, Kéuth 1ding ‘hah joubJo houds+ Kouth sfkJo mbuh géidd_go ‘Siaggwok pahngyauh 4, Kéuth ddsyun win ngik miath, 5. Kéuih dasyun win eih Jou. 4, Kuan 1dtnjo Hdunggong J2- heuh, ddayun win nee 5. Kéuth 14in4é Héunggéng Jt- hauh, dasyun wan ein Jouh, 13. Expansion Drill Ext T Ngh go My daughter writes Chines Singasha. /yat Jone hour/ 0 dingtiuh/ Si gdh go nduh 0343 St My daughter erote (or bas ‘vat go fingtiuh written) Chinese for an hour. Singaiha. Ls Ngittaaitiat & plat. 1, Ngdh taatedad 4838 84 go 7e%i. go Singtiun/ fiingtduh pias. 2. Ngdh a& dihnwd. /oed finjing/ 2, Nedh dbJd ooh finding ‘aihneas 3. Kéuth dunk syd. /aanp nthn/ 3, Kéuth dubk36 sanp nth eyi, 4 buch it gunnetn, /duing 4b, Kéuth t844 Léuhng go 0 fingtiuh/ jiingtduh dthneih. 5. Nah gan Yingatha. /ydt go 5. Ngdh gaaugd yit go yuht yunt/ ‘Yingaihn, 1s, Combining Drill Ext T: Néih yuhag onad af T: You used up all the chin. Néih adubdik There ien't any to pend. yubag. S: YihgeS néth yingz —S: If you yee up all the money yuhngeaat aX chin, + fnhayh nih auh ‘mOuhdak yuhng la (afterwards) 1. N@ih Abhonk, Ngdh abgaqu néin laak. 2. Néih ahduby eyd, Néih mbundak dunk Laak, 39 afterwards you won't have any to spend, 2s Whged afin ytned dnote, fnnaun ngbh jauh ahgaau néih Le 2, Yihgwd néih yihga anduhk oy,LEsson CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 3. Nein hadte gian Ge. Neth dhodd ‘bai chin Jauh yaun deihfong dyuh leak. Néih hohk d3a¥ Gwongdiingwa. Néib maaih yéh hoyih péhng- af teak, Néin nobk 98 Jingadhn. Nin héyih tai Jingadhn syt leak. 6. Néty Jogun a} chin déi xéuin, Neib Ahgau chin yubog lank, yibhauh néih jaub Be Yah sfnhauh nein ahegs bed ehdn’ jauh yéuh deintons yuh Leak. agin ylnga hobk aat ngdingeA, yihhauh pédh Jauh hayin Laake 5. Yihgws 26th yinge honk Singaahn; uh nedh Jeuh hoyfn téi Jdngninn 6. Wingyd néth yingi Jo gan 4 chin bei keuih, jfnhauh ‘nein jauh thgau chin yuhag leak. 35. Expansion Drill Ber 1. Tr Kush 1dings yat nihn. /leunggong/ S: Kéuih ain Hgunggong yat afhn, 2. Kéuih ddsyun faanheut gf ‘go yuht. /Méihgwok/ 2. Kéuth chinchTk kyutdihng 1éin Hdunggéng. /gés noth a?/ 3. Kéuth d&syun heut fyuh géidd nin a? /Téihwaan/ 4. Kéuth hétmohng fianldin nfdoub. (Jeet go Léthbaat/ 5. Kéudh 1dihjé chat baat nth weak. /afdouh/ © He has been here a year. Fong Kong/ He has been in Hong Kong & year. : He plane to go there. ‘Foox many days?/ How many days does he plen to be away? 1. Kéuth déeyun, téanheut weingwok géi go yuht. He plans to go back to America for a few sonth Kéuth ebanentk kyutainng 2dih Heunggong géi noih a? 3. Kéuth digyun heui TSinwian dyuh géid6 athn a? Kéuih héimohng fdaniainCANTONESE BASIC COURSE LESSON 18 JV. CONVERSATIONS FOR LISTENING (On tape. Refer to wordlist below ss you listen. Unfamiliar terns, in order of occurrence 2) Jouh aityéh = How come? 2) Méuh = ‘Nothing special! A response making light of topic 3) eihk ngeanjau = sthk agean = eat lunch 2) agaanjau = "noon! 4) tdinghohke = echoolaate 5) Slnghobk = high school, siddle school 6) yatendin = together 7) géjahneth = at that time 8) sahpgés = more than ten [ten-several] 9) 54 = (not unti2) then, (only) then Vv. say 20) 2 IN CANTONSSE. A. You say to the person next to oe 2 3 4, 5. . yout How long have you lived here? How much longer do you plan to stay? Where aid you Live before ‘you cane here? T attended university in England--I lived there for three years. At gost, how long do you plan to stay? After Mr. Ho comes back, he and Mies Chan are getting narried. Tat car of yours is very ice--when'd you get 4t? That's a nice lighte: ‘id you get (buy) it? a where wéan = play, amuse oneself, enjoy leisure tine And he replie 1. About two years 2. Can't say for sure--maybe one year, maybe ten. 3. Before I came here, I lived in Taiwan. 4, After I graduate, I plan to go to England for further study. 5. At most five years, at Least thr Really: Before he left, he planned to marry Ming Cheung? + T bought At after T got te Hong Kong. 8, I don't reneaber--I got (ought) it before T came to Hong Kong.LEssow 18 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE _ 9. (said in Hong Kong*) He told His wife told we they pre- me he moved to Hong Kong ‘tously Lived in Macaue Last year. Do you know fe he lived before? 10, He's been gone for three weeke-- 10, He planned to be anay about do you know when he's coming ‘three weeks--naybe he!11 back? be back tomorrow, 11. I've been married 3 years-- 11, Not very long--only eleven How long have you been onthe married? 12, How long aid you play ball erday? played ball for three and afterwards ‘and studied Vocabulary Checklist for Lesson 18 2, batyinp VO graduate 2. beitian v give back 3. bin v move 4, bin (ng)iike VO move (house) 5. daathhohie 1/PW university 6. dasthiubke PW/n continent; term used to refer to Mainland China du maf. out. to mum. expression» approximately Bas 8. dunk daaihhohic Vo study at a university, attend a university 9 duhic ay VO to study, to go to school ‘Wn elder o! 7 Ph hov long (time)? VO get married, be amrried Cj wen, at the tine of-.., combines vith preceding verb phrase to express ‘at Ehe tine of (thus and 0)," when! 14. gojabn Cj wane as gojan (QV) 15. Gréngiin P¥ Canton, eity of Canton 16. hedmohng v hope y. $80B Ph at moot, 1B, Stef Ph ot east 62CANTONESE BASIC COURSE asset 18 1. Slenton C4 before (combines with pre or mngth of time expr 20. __ slawn cj after __ (combines vith preceding VP OF tims length of tine expression) ve verb suf. in time spent phrase of past ¥ study abroad 25. nein VP_ jleninn, Gf before VP 5. 26. mouhgeinoth Ph not very long (time) 27. Ovni, PW Macau 28. Toinbak PW Taipei 29. Toihvilan gr -vdan Pi eden 30. wan yob Joun YP look for a Job, search for work to do ga. yfnenfner MA previously, formerly, before 32. ylnhauh MA aftervarde 33. yihewd Gf Af, on condition that 6Lisson 19 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 1. BASIC CONVERSATION Ay Buildup: (Walking from the bus stop on his way to work in the morning, a foreigner who 13 a new resident in Hong Kong meets a friend, a native resident:) sin 14h ge yahn nevoomery new arriva) Sdn ih go yann A, Lain Siang, Jéusdhn, Good morning, Mr. Lee. breakfast Cearly-meal) Have you had breakfast yet? Bindethyana Mein a. Wot yet. Sing fixy make Magau ehgaan hdd ngikkéi jing. There wasn't enough time to fix At at home, Sig ith ge yahe ngaen fitting, suitable together tt (We can eat) together? Rou ask. Fine, (the two enter a cafe and take a table) win ngik look for a house winjS hu noth, searched for a long tine Téngginvan agin win agik, wingd I hear you've been looking héu noin-- for # house for quite a white-- winddo find Ceearch-succeed] Winddu meih a? you found one? San 1ain ge y WindSu leak. Yeah, we did. etngs (ware: 43) finally, (not until) then, (only) then Sewhng go 1éihbaai efnjt ‘ast week we finally found one. windéu 13.CANTONESE BASIC COURSE wy Bindethydhn chéngdéu gingyéha a Ding agdhdeih chéngaéu gingydbn Sibauh, Ji bine Bindethyahn Néih yéub méun mdaih yéh a7 When do you plan to move? ploy eervante (not until) then (same as slag fe won't gore until after we hire servants Have you bousht things (for the house)? Sdn 1éth ge yihn Yhuh-- atp chdungiia endungiin bow Souhng go 1&thbaai ngéh taaitéat akaihgé af bit a, afp chdungifa bow a- cia Seubng go 1éihbaai ngsh tamitéat wiainjs at bit afp a, chéungife bon a, du tou giad Kéuth Jubng Ju tou gaet tie bo. 65 X pla eurtad curtain material suffix to members of aerts in parallel construction Last week my wife bought som glasses, and plates, and some curtain material that kind of thing, such things Last week ay wife bought eu and plates, and sone curtain material--thar kind of otuff, that's all. furniture set of furniture to rent rent a set of furniture She also rented a act of furniture, too.Esso 19 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE Bindethyahn ohéu verb suffix: bring to tiefactory conclusion DE yon S{nghSuaaad mein a? Te everything fixed up by now? Sdn 1dib ge yahp yihging already ringing jinghduseat ask. (Tes, Atte) already all fixed up. Dakhdahn ching bent endh 12 hen you have tie, please go visit. Finet yitatnag definitely, certainly yitatnng yiu afain ond cortainly want to buy a car Gin, nein nt Héungedng yatdinng Say, dn Hong Kong you'll yiu miaih ché ga. definitely have to buy a car. wéainJS nein 0? you bought one yet? Ngéh meth nfaindou bo. t gotten around to buying one yet, Noth ga bit vindoun ahah ga? Where was youre bought? NgGh waahk3é heut gddoun tiihen, Maybe 1*21 go there and have # ook. B. Recapttplation (Walking fron the bus stop on bis way to work in the moraing, @ foreigner who is a new rei in Hong Kong neste a friend, a native resident:) Sin 18th ge yibn A, Léth Siang, jéusihn, Good morning, Mr. Le SthkJS Jouchdan meth a? Have you had breakfast yet? Bindethyaha woth a. Not yet. Magan ethgaan bit ied shoe. ‘There wasn't enough tise to fix it at hone, 66CANTONESE BASIC COURSE Lessom_19 Sig 1th ge yihy yatchith 1at Great! (We BGndeshyihn Ngiam Laak- Hou aak. Tengginwah 264h win angie, winsé been looking for héu noth=- house for quite a while-~ Winaéu meth a? Have you found one? Sin 1dtn ge yina Windéu Leak. Yoh, we did. Seubag go 1éshbaai einji Last week we finally found one, winaéu $3. Bindetnyine Gis, néih désyun géisth bin né? When do you plan to move? Sia dsp ge ying Ding ngéndeth chéngaéu gingyihn We won't move until after we ‘Shaun, 34 dine hire « Bindethyinn Néih yéuh mbub miain yon 0? vente, you Bought things (for the house)? Sap ldih ge yinn Yiun-- x Seubog go Ldithbeat agdn teat Last weer ay wife bought soe fa mdainge at vat a, dlp ay slassen, and plate nglim dou a, gin some curtain material--that kind of etuff, that's all. Kéuih Juhag ju tou gist tim bo. She also rented a set of furniture, tooe ‘Bipéethyibe DE yin jinghSusaad meth a7 To everything fixed up by now? San 2dth ce vinp Minging jinghéueaat leak, You, (4t"e) already all fixed op. Dikhdaka chéng heui ohéh 12, When you have tine, please go vheit. 6ssw 19 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE Béndeshyinn ia ank. Finet Gia, néin hit Héunegéng yétdihng Say, An Hong Kong you" yiu alash ché ge. definitely want to buy a car. woashsS meth a? Have you bought one yet? Sin 1th ge yinn Neh mein adaihdou bo. T haven't gotten around to buying one yet, Noth ga nds bIndouh afain ga? mere was youre vouznt? Nah waank3$ heut gSdoun téihan, Maybe 1712 go there and have @ 200k.CANTONESE BASIC COURSE Lesson 19) IL. NOTES 1. Verb timms for talking sbout vhat happe negative, and question forms. a. Aftirestive forme for talking sbout the past: Vy Voi, Yoav, Voge, and others. The way the verb ie inflected (whether it is plain or how it te suftixed) depends in part on vhat aspect of the activity the shes to focus on. 2) Focus on general activity: (0) Bet 1, Nggh Kdimyaht gvo hoi I vent acrosa the harbour heahng gungsi. yesterday to tdndowshop. 2. Tengeinwen néih won T hear you've been hou nguk. hunting. 2) Focus on @ particular experience: V-gwo_ Re: Nefh téigvo ylang, dnahnhath I went to the doctor, but ‘oui wah souh meyoh, aid it vasn't anything. fd in the past: affirmative, eaker 3) Focus on the success of a particular performance: V-how DE chéunglim Jinghdusaai The curtains are all fixed. laake g 4) Focus on accomplishment of 4 particular performance: V=i6 ‘Ext 1. Keuih miaihjo ga san che. He bought a new car. 2. Kéyih Klnmyaht hewisS He took off for America Washevolee ‘yesterday. 3. Kéyih glp’ai chéngsé He recently hired a sineyahn. ervant. 5) Focus on attainment of a particular objective (though it was hard, you did it): Vodou ez tg kjhavant olnjd chéngaSu I finaly aired a gervant gungyahn leak, yeaterday. 6) Focus on the time or place the action happened: Iv+Vsger PwrVege Bx: 1, Kéuih kahmysht heui ge. He went yesterday. 2. Nai yeh hai bindouh maaih ga? Where was thie bought?Besson 19 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE Basically the verb foraa are set by the gramar of the Language, and the speaker has only Limited flexibility within grammatical confines. For exemple, tise apent doing something in the past 1e exprosced as ¥54 tinecepan phrase, or Yogvo’ tine-gpen phraag. ‘The 8 or-gye is required in ouch cases by the grammar. If the pecker uses the V+ timespan pattern, he mst use either 5 or 540, wnschover is appropriate. Bat Ngoh fans’ ] alnn —_I otudied at college for two uhkegve} dasinhohie, —yearé Money transactions accomplished are also expressed in VO form, with a -J6 oF -gvo suffixto the Vanda nusK money expression as 0. ‘fen go cx¥ yu oanth mashn This car (we) wanted to sell for gh wan, odunét, manihss $15,000, tut finally closed the neahn yib min, deal (sel1-accomplish) for $12,000. (see Driia 32) b. Negative forms for talking sbout the past duh V and meh 2) mah V Moun Verb (ex. méuh shaih, pbuh ethk, moun heus) concerns a certain tine in the past and aaserte that the action expressed by the verb phrase aid not take place at thet time, Ber Neg gimyaht aGuh eihk T didn't eat breskfast today. Jouchian. (aid in the afternoon) 2) nein ¥ Mein Verb (ex. meth maaih, saih sihk, meih heut) concerns an action which the speaker expecte/expected to happen, but which hhasn't/nada't happened at the soment of opedking/socent. apoken about, but which ie/vas oti22 planned, Be: 1, Nggh meth oibk I haven't eaten breakfast. (ieplics jouchaan. ‘that you're planning to) 2. gf gbgén woth At that tine T hadn't. graduated, batyihp. (implies that you later did graduate) e. Choice-question forms for talking about the past: yuh mouh V7, and Yodo FB} nein? Re.CANTONESE BASIC COURSE LESSON 19° 1) yaw noun v? ‘Tie fora concerns tine prior to the time of speaking, and inquires vhether en action expressed by the verb phrase took place. ‘The speaker has no preconception of whether the action did or aid not occur. Bet 1, NOgh yéuh aGuh wash Have you bought a new car? (I ‘oan che a? don't know that you plan to.) 2. Kouih yéuh mouh daaih~ Did he graduate from college? (Is hobke batyihp ga? he a college graduate?-- I don'é have any knowledge of hie ‘educational attainnente) Néin_yéuh ebuh tei Have you seen a doctor? vioang «? 2) VoJ6/awo/nou, ete, meih? Tn using the geih form the speaker indicates that he knova the action of the verb has happened or vill happen at come tine. ‘The question is not whether the action occurred, but vhether it haa/bad occurred at the tine he 48 talking/talking about. Bet 1. Néih naihjS ga ein Have you bought (or did you buy) che weiht? a/the new car yet? (I know you plan to.) 2. Kouih g6jebnelh bat jd Had he graduated at that time? yshp eih a? 3. Neth téigve ylodng Have you seen a doctor (yet)? wei a? 2. meth ‘not (yet)* in sentences of future reference, meth occasionally occura in negative and question sentences referring to future events, The sentence patterns in such cases are: Hog: future-TV meih V = 411 not have Vaed by future IW time @: futuret¥ Vai? = will have Ved or not by future 1 time? He won't have cone back by tow sorrow. [loaorrew not yet rotursz] ‘fantbih meth at vi22 he Bava come back by tomorrov? (You expected him back yesterday and have just been told Unat he de ets] not back.)asso 19 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE These are nct gerden variety futures-- (the garden variety futures being bY and VahV?). The negative expresses that something which you would normally expect to happen by a certain time vill not have heppened by then. ‘The question indicates that you expected something to have happened by the tine indicated by the timevord, but you now have reason to doubt that it will have happened by then. (See print 5.) 3. shnji Gresiant: Ji) ‘finally;! '(only) then;* "(not until) then’ Gain) ji inplice ‘later than one would expect or desire.’ It functions as on adverb in a single clause sentence, and as a conjunction in a double clause sentence. ‘et 1. Kéyth thnayaht (aln)ji Tonorvow he fineDly leaves. : Not until tonorrov doce he Leave 2. Digg ngShdein enéngiu We! 21 wait £121 after we get ‘suseyehn jinaun, Coin) servants hired, only then vill a we nove. (See BC and Dritte 44546) suffix to menbere of series in parallel construction Ramp 1. Ngbh miagng6 af b3i a, afp a, I bought cone cups, and plates, chounelin a ‘and curtains. 2. gg Kdhaygnt, sinking yon Yesterday T ate, and ready and faibah eye a, fanhah goa slept. (See Be) 5. § (hit bindoun) v ge/en = 8 in/vas (where) Veet. ing bingo with whom geil when 1. The central point of a sentence is sonetines not the ‘who does what' of At, but the ‘where, when, from or with vhom’ of it, For example, compare the following two English sentences: 1, I bought plates at wing On, not at Sincere, 2. T bought plates at Wing On, not glasses.CANTONESE BASIC COURSE Lesson 19 When the point of the sentence is where, when, from whom, with whom sonething is done, the Cantonese preference is to split the basic ‘WO phrase and reconstruct the sntence, putting the 0 of the VO into ‘subject position, making the when/vhere part central and the verb last, followed by the sentence suffix ge/gn ‘that's the way it ie.! Example: 2. Neth ga ch (hash) Adi Where vas your car bought? bindouh maaih ga? 2. Neh ga ché (haih) geiel when was your car bought? waaih ga? 3. Nosh ga ghd (hath) ting From whom was your ear bought? ‘bingo masih ga? 4. Nogn ga hd tiling Ringo For (on benalf of) vom vas your taal ea? car bought? (See BC and Drill 16) b. For convenience in referring to thie pattern we will call it the nai bindoun V ge pattern, though as you see h&i bindoub is not the only phrase that fills the position. cs It usually turne out that this pattern translates into English in a past tense form, because ordinarily what is talked sbout using this pattern are thinge that have already happened. The form is, however, not a past reference form, and can be used for non-past situations. Ext NI fling bejau hai Weihdhng “This kind of beer is sold maaib ge. ‘at Wellcome Company. (Compare with:) NE,a¥ bayau n&s Weihdhng ‘This deer was bought at iain 6h (see petaa au) Hede08® Company. hen one wishes to highlight the 'what' pert, rather than the ‘uhere/ when/from whom’ part, the sentence is phrased in standard SVO form inatend of the nas bindoun V ge form, Set Naf nis wfnog On GingoE 1 vouent sone stances at masinjo ai bui. ‘Wing On Company, (Compare witt Midi bai, nai Winng on ‘These lasses were bought at Ginga wanih ge. wing On Company. Bsso 19 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 6, -hou = Veouf, indicating that the action expressed by the performance verb preceding ie brought to a satisfactory conclusion, Bx: jag = to work omy to nake, to fix ‘Hnghdu = to fix upy to fix 20 that it's OK song = speak gonghdu = to talk it over and come to an agreement ga to hang gvahéu = to hang upCANTONESE BASIC COURSE LESSON 19 III, DRILLS 1s Expansion Drill +s as ngikesdu, ngiksou 2s as house rent b. gai(ad) chin ngikjou a? b. how auch rent? e+ bad g84(43) chin ngikjSu a? chow much rent (do you) pay? [give] 4, yiu bi gG4(48) chin Gkjdu a? 4. have to pay how much rent? e. yat go yubt yiu ves g64(43) ¢. have to pay how uch rent enka Ukjou a? er sonth? Niwy pit go une tu vit f. How much rent do you pay estas) enka axjou a? @ eonth? + 2. a, yihnging, yahngiing 4. mages (of servants, day iaborers) b. gétdd chin yinngiing a7 bs how much wages? c. déd géidS chin ydhnging a7 e+ how such wages (do you) pay? 4, yiu bi g@idd chin yéhnging a? 4. How much wages do you have to pay? yt go yuht yiu bét g6id5 chin, How much wages (40 you) yabngling a? have to pay per month? £, Néih yat go yunt yiu bet f, How much wages do you geids chin yahnging a? have to pay per month? G+ Neth yit go yunt yiu bet + How much wages do you 26440 chin yahnging néih have to pay your ser- vant per month? oF mat do you pay your servant per month? salary (of white collar workers) ‘approximately ten thou- ‘sand and cone dollare salary gete approxinately $10,000 and oalary gets approxtzately gui genseubnghe $10,000 and some salary a your ¢. Kéuih yit_othe yun maha e. He gots a salary of ‘léhng adn ednséui gao- approximately $10,000 seubnghi and sone per year, 4. yit_nthy yduh seahn 1dhag bessen 19) CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 4 a. 380 ges Ju go 4. as rented one, rented b. hath Jou ge b. te © rented one cs gian agik hath ju ge c. The house 4s rented, is 4, G3 géan ngik hash Jou go 4, Tuat house is a rented 8% gdan nei haih ahhaih e. To that house a rented ‘jou ga? one? f, Néih jyuh gd géan ngik hath —«f, Je the house you are ahhada jou en’ Living in a rented one? g- Néin chdachTk jyuh g6 gian g. Is the house your re nak haih ahhath Jou ga? lative lives ina rented one? +5. a aye as Sook + by dyd faann be cook ri + sook alk jyi faahn 4, oft Ahefk jy foahn 07 & a (Chinese style) Food ce knows how to cook (Cninese) food, 4. know how to cook Chinese food? 0 gingyahn otk anol sy + Does the servant kn: faahn a? hor to cook (Chinsee) food? GO go gingyahn sik ahelk jyi f, Does that servant know faahn a? how to cook (Chinese) food? Néun 6 go,singydhn oh & Dove your servant know jy@ faahn a? how to cook (Chineee) food? Sing 6. a fix jing chia ahetk jing chian aneik jing Jouchdan es can't cook Western style food 4, doesn't know how to cook breakfast, 16CANTONESE BASIC COURSE LaSSON 19 2. Response Drild Ext 1. T: Kéuth batyé yihp | T: Has she graduated yet? th a? /gauhnin/ /1est year/ 54 BitgS tasks Gaub- §: Tos, she nae Es (she) graduated In bat g last year. 2, T Kéuih bitg3 yihp 7: Has she graduated yot? aeih a? /eheut- /oext year/ alas S: Meth. chéutnin Not yet, She graduates (not sinji batyihp. until) next yeu 1. Kéuth fianjé Lath noth a? 1. Faanjé Leak. Seunnggo laihbaai faan ge. 2, Meth. Hehgo yunt elnji féan Néthgwok nein 0? pect Poango yoht/ 3. Nein go abut bEt46 yinp 3. Moth. ohiut nfn sian yunt Yensut nin eam yunty ‘einji batyinp. 4, Néih go Jad 4 yihp meth a? 36 Yaak. Gaun nfn dunk Zgauh ain lunie yunt/ yune bat g 5. china Slugs aij5 dinned béi «5. DAJS laak. Kahayant ai gee néih mei a? /kdhayabt/ + 6. Nein, 8198 bout mein 07 6, Meth. Déngjin olnji tid, [ing iia Not rete Thm going to Hare! you reed, the nnepaper read it'in a little shile. yet? /in a (short) while, 7. Wihga chit af leak. Whng 7+ Meth, Boat aia alnji ethk. . Sdang eihkjé méannfaahn ‘Wot yet -- He's going to seth a? /oaat diay at at 8. (evening seal) baat afm leak. HD 8, W843 leak. Chat afe nés +) thas neaye ae « get up (fron sleeping) 1LBssox 19 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 3. Expansion Drill xéugh Léshbaadaoub hous. /rango abinbeat/ Keugh seunnggo Léthbaas eeuh, heut, baat einji heui, Kéuth nIgo yuht ih heud. /pahgo yuht/ S: Kéuih nigo yuht ‘meih heus, hahgo yuht einji heui. 3. Ts Keuth NBEO yuht moun oth- gaan heut. Frage yunt/ St Kéuth seutneso yuh muh efh~ gaan haut, hahgo yubt einji heui. Ext 1. 8: Ngdh taaitéad yt houh meth hous, /edan houh/ Nigéh go Jat _gimnin meih bat- yinp. /chautaia/ Ngoh efnedang kiheyaht muh flanging. /gdaysht/ Ngdh aT saiibugd ung go, ‘LAjnbaas uh heut yauheut. 7algo léthbaat/ Wébng Sdang ni, yuht sduh efhgaan bin di Hap Tai nigo 1h ‘sihgaan jouh Lathbaatyant/ 7aabgo ‘ahgo 184h~ ‘Znango yunt/ reeiyant muh 6, 8 He didn't go inst week, (he) will go not until] next « T: He hasn't gone thie month. /aext aonth/ S: He hasn't gone (he) will go next month, He didn't have tine to go Jest month, /next month/ thie month Taot uneaid He didn't heve time to go last nonth, (he'11) go [not untii} next aonth. 1, Ngéh taaitéat yat houh meth eu, sam houh efnJi heui. 2. Ngéh go Jat Be mouh féangung, ganyaht singd aai1gugi aeuhng go a1 mbuh heut yau nigo laihbaai einji 5. Wehng Sdang nigo yunt abun singaan tin Sk, henge yunt ainji bia, Hon iad algo ishbeagyaht mouh sthgean jouh aan, hahgo 1thbaaSyent ala} gouh. 8CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 4, Response Drill Ext 1. Tr Kéuth het 48 ain eth a?" /ehake; sau Alasing/ 5: Meth. Kéuth dix. ‘ym gau afasiing ff hetedn, 2. 0: Kéuih faanjéging 8: Fianj6 leak. Kéuib baat dim fling Jauh dane iaal Guth sinks ngaanjau meih a? /noa/ yat alajing/ th efnsdang fianjoléih meth 2? /ahake/ unk aim géi/ Néih go iis pentj6 ak 28 sein a? /nod/ giu aimjing/ «Nein tanitéas heui sé y chah jeih a? /ehake/ gau din dun/ 5+ Whng Sdang hé4j6 ein noth a? acd) baat aia/ 6. Léth That oihks$ edahotaaha a? _/nod/ baat dim ogwat/ Comment: The action expres os Lz3S0N 19 1 Hae he gotten up yet? /shake; 9 o'clock/ + Not yet. He plans to get up at 9 otclock. Conly then] Has he gone to work yet? Jn0d; 8 of clock/ Si Yeo, he bea, Ke Cenat soon] vont back at Sthiejo 1a. Roush yat als jung jauh sihkjo leak. 2. Moth. Kéuth sisyun Lubk ale get ji = 3+ Mout $8 1a. Kéutn giu af Siing jauh hous so leak. Meth, Keuth dieyun géu aim bun $f bout, 5. Heijo la, Kguin baat aie Jauh hijo lank, 6. Siniej® la, Kéutn dant afm yatgogwat jauh sihkJo Yaak. in a clause introduced by (stn) jt te felt to be later than one might expect, 5. Alteration Drill Bxc T: Kéuih tingyant tian ‘afbamash of S: Kéuth tingyaht fian- 1éth mesh 0? 1. Kéuih tingyaht jéu ahjéu a? 2. Kéuth ofnedang tingyaht fian intdanging 8? 3, Nah tingyaht heui ahheui 16 eb! 0 T: WALL he be back tomerrow? St Will he be back by tomorrow? 2, Kéuih tingyant jiu meth a? 2, Kéuth oInsdang tingyaht fianging ein a? 3. Néih tingyant heud 18 chin meth a7Essh 19 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 4, Noth tandtéad tingyaht heut 4, Nath tanitiad tingyant beud ioheut tai yfeang a? tat yleang mein a? 5. Kéuih géu dim ni ahnéiedn a? 5. Kéuth géu afm hétedn vein a? 6. Kéuih af jginéut tingyant 6. Kéuth af jédndud tingyaht ‘ian anzaan ‘fdantaih weih a? 6, Response Drill Berl. Tr W111 he be back by tomorrow? Zaod/ a? /nod/ S: Flan leak. S: Yea, he will have retursed by then, Guth tingyant T! WALLL he be back by tomorrow? tdanlaih meth ‘Fonake/ next week/ a? /ehake/ hahgo Léthbaas/’ Noth a, hahgo It! be next week before he gets back. or No, he's not coming back until next week. 1. Kéuih tingyaht heui meih a? 1. Heud leak. /a08/ Kéuin toaitéad tingyant jou 2. Jiu teak, sh at /nod/ 3. Kéuih sinsdang tingyaht 1aih 3. Meth a, hahgo laihbaat th a? /shake/ hahgo 1a4h- einji lah. baat/ Néih tingyaht fdanging meth a? 4, Meth a, hahgo lédhbaaiyat ‘/shake / hahgo 1laihbaaiyat/ einji tian. 5. Néih go jai tingyaht heui tai 5, Heui leak, ylang seth a? /nod/ 6, Kéuihdeih tingyaht bin ik 6. Mesh a, babgo yuht singi meih a? /ehake/ hahgo yuht/ bins Hah Téad tingyaht afaih aip 2. Masih Laake meth a? /ned/CANTONESE BASIC COURSE UBssow 1: }, Ateration Drill: Transform the sentences fron géisih Verb to Yorb=36 moth. Bx: Keuih géieth laih 0? ‘Tr When is he coming? ‘St Keuih 1aihjé meth a? ‘S: Has he come yet? 1. Kiuth géielh chtutetad a7 1, Kéuth ohButyé efst meth a? sinsdang géisih heut 2. Néih stnsiang heut 38 Méth~ Mothgwok a? gvok meth a? 3. Wohng Téat géielh bin Ok 0? 3. Wohng That binJé Hk meth 0? ‘4. Neth geidimjiing eihk ngaanjeu 4, Noth sink jé ngaanjeu meih a? ” 5. Nein geidimjling sihk faahn a? 5. Neth ethk js fashn meih a? 6. Neth taaitiat géteth fan 6. Nath taattdas fiangb1dsn ‘ath a? meih a? 7» Kéath géte{ mixth in che a? 7. Kéuih méainjé sin chd meth a? 8, Kéuth géted jou a? 8. Kéuih $éu36 meth a? 94 Kéuth gétel heui Yantbin.e? 9. Kéuih heutys Yantbin meth a? 20, Kéuih gétel heut af v6 a? 10, Kéuth heutjé ai bo mesh a? 22, Kéuth geiel fdanging a7 A, Kéuih thangs ging meth a? 12. Kéuth gétel nétoia a? 32, Kéuth hétJ6 ain meth a? 13. Kéuih géisi gitfen a? 15, Kéuih gitjo fen meth a? aLasso 19 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 8, Response Driid Be: T Kéuth binge de T: Has he aoved house yet? a? /tingyaht/ /tonorrow/ S: Meth, Waahkjs ting- 8: Not yet -- maybe tosorrow, yaht 1. Kébuth othie{S faahn woth a? 1. Moth, Maahigé y8t alesing Jaa adaging/ tae Kéuih béijo sin meih a? 2. Meth. Waahkjé gau dim bun 1a. Zeiu ata bun/ 3. Noh ofnsdang fianjé Néihgrok meih 0? / hahgo yuht/ Mesh. Waankjé hahgo yuht 4, Néih tasitdad winddy gingyihn 4, Meth. Waahkjé hahgo 1éth- th 0? /babgo 1éihbeai/ ‘baad La. Wohng Téai 121b46 Hdunggéng 5» Meth. Waahk3é bango yuht ah a? (bahgo yuht yat yat houb la. oub/ 6. Nein go Jit ‘a? /viigo ithbaat/ Meth, Waahkjé ofgo 1éinbaat 9. Transformation Drill: Transfora the sentences from séung Verb to Bai Te Téngginwah kouih ‘Tr I hear he plans to buy a new soung aieih ga car. sin che. S: Téngginwah kéuth «8: T hear he bought & new car. maaihjo ga can @ leaks ‘Tengginvah kéuih sgung bin 1, Téngginsah kéuih binjd gue nguk leak. 2, Téngginwah néih ofnsdang ‘Téngginvah néih ofnedang ‘seung faan Méihgwok. fhanjé Méihgwok leak. 3. Téngginwah néih taaitiat Tengginwah a6in toaitéat ‘skaih tou sin gasf, gaia tou sin gol leak. . Tngginwah Léih Siang 6 4, Téngginwah Leth Siang heui- heut Héihgwok. $0 Médhgwok leak, 5+ Ténggineah Jéung That sgung 5. Téngginwad oath gdan uk. iho gdan ak leak, Téngginean ndin_go Jé1 eanih ga che, maaihjé ga ch® laak.CANTONESE BASIC COURSE LESSON 19 eéung 7, Tangginwan Chinn Siu windbu nei Jak. I hear Mies Chan found a hot agginyeh Hah That chéng- dou gingyahn ask, Thear Hrs. Ho engaged @ servant. 10, Expansion Drill: Expand the sentences with the ginm time exprea- sions. 1: Hoh Sdang yinging Tr ‘Me. Ho alr ajo dinnwd bel /yeaterday, gdh leak. Peamyabt/ Si Wh Sdang kihgyaht 5: Mr. Ho already called ae yinging 44@ dinn- wa bei ngdh leaks 2, Kéuth ylhging n1J6 adn Lane. h chit dim bun yinging /ebat alm bun/ 38 edn leak. fie'e already gotten up. He's already gotten up 723307 by half past seven, 2, Ngéh efnedeng yinging miainjs 2. Ngoh sinedang souhnggo, ga san cl ak. /eeuhnggo yubt yinging yabt/ jin che leak. 3. Chinn Tad yinging chéngdSu 3. Chihn Thai seuhnggo ‘Singyahn leak. /seuhnggo ‘Yaatodan yinging chéngdou léthbeadodan/ fingydha laak. 4, Wohng Sfujé yinging binjS dk 4. WShng SLusé peuhnggo Laake /a ef nous yinging bing houn/ ik leak. 5. Ngoh taaitéad yinging heutjs 5. Ngéh taattéat géu dio bun yam chih leak. /giu dim bun/ yibging heut3s Leak. 6. Ngbh go J84 yinging hous sé 6. Nedh go Jai baat dé b6 inak, /oaat dinjung/ vinging hous jé leak. 8Lisson 19 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 11, Response Drill Ex: T: Kéuih heuijd meth a? fT: Hi Jeenkogge yunt/ S: ReuiSé leak. Kéush St Yoo ~ He went last aonth. he gone yet? /last month/ ‘seubnggo yuht heui ge. 2, Kéuth 1i4nJ8 mein a? 1, UathJ8 teak, Kouth soubng~ 7 souknggo 1éthbaai/ go 1éihbaas 1th ge. Nein eInadang faanjé Méihgwok 2, Faanjé leak. Kéuih nigo eth af algo yust/ une fa 3+ Whng Sdang wéaihjS chd meth 3, Nath leak. Kéuth sounng- ‘a? /seubnggo laihbanieian/ go lAtnbaai ath ge. 4, Neth taaitéad chéngjé gingyahn 4, Chéngjd leak. Kéuih kdhayaht mesh a? /kahayaht/ cheng ge, Chahn SfuJé sinkjd ngaanjan «5+ SthkJ6 oak. Kéuih @f bun meih a? /dim bun jung/ fling wink g¢ 12. Expaneton Drill Bx: T: /ch8/maahn yib /ear/i2 thousand dollers/ man/ 5: ME ga chd nfaihjs S: This car wae bought for $12,000. ‘msahn yib aan, car (I) bought (it) for 2s /ik/$56000/ Ls NE gaan dk mains fen ‘aaho luhk many 2. tans si/98/ 2, WE deus faai sf baat 3. /eling/$6.50/ 3. NE joe gang méainj$ luhk go van. 4, /abt5g84/346.50/ 4. NE go ditégai néashJé sei- ‘eahp 1uhk go bun. 5. /eh8/835 ,000/ 5. NE ge ch méaihjd odam neahn Sgh man, + 6. /sdung £84416,00/ 6. NE jung t6i miathjs cahp~ Saba)” unk ain. 7. [east /310,000/ 2. NE tou gael miainjé yat maahnCANTONESE BASIC COURSE 13. Alteration Drill. Bx: Ls T Yat, odn Métal ‘hoyfhwuhp Tub + nbn géngit, (american soney) (Wong Kong money) S: Yat nin Mothgta Sfloath ah man gongji gan- unas 2, Tr Léubng sin Mein ‘ndyin wuhn, 4 chin gong ji 8: Léubng adn Méthgie ‘sEkhaih g@i chin gong ji a? Yat yingbot héyih wuhn sahp- 1. ace (Byglish pound (sterling)) Sahpyih ain géng{f néyfn wuhn eel enke Neinede a figh Tinghobag néyin wha chin gongs a? Wit Whagpohng héyih una g34 chin Neihgen a? fs Tingoonag néyfh rubs afuhng 5. 0 gti ngannchln Meingie fanesunaghd 3. 6, figh sin Wéingin néyth wha ean 6, sap wan gong Ji ge unngha. 7, Wie manna sin gingil déria 7. ‘ruha g@i chin Vingbotng a? 8. Sanp aaahn aia Méthgia néyih 8. wun lubksahp maahn géngji. + Wat aaahn, YEagbohng néyth wun ‘sahplubk seahn gongii, 10, Yat baak, mashz ging Jf héyih 10. ‘ruhn géi chin Yingbohng a? 85 LESSON 19 T: One dollar U.S, can be exchanged for about six dollars Hong Kong. dollars U.S. well, that about eix dollars Hong Kong 7: How much in Hong Kong woney can you get for two dollars Ue 8.7 ‘wo dollars U.S. 49 how auch in flong Kong money? Yat Ungtohng jfkhath aahp- lubk min Gongji. Sanpyih sin génejf sfkbain Tel chin weanede a? figh Yingbot (Sikheih chin Genny a? YEt Yingbohs ikhaih gé4 eds) esiegeaatpe a Yat tipgdomag sihath Iunag 0 g8 ngahnchin Meshgae Seneeubngha, figh adn Néingim jfkhaih sian foehp an gong3i gas nie Yat mann sin xdngif sZk- hath géi chin Yingbohng a7 Senp maahn sin Méshgaa npn, ip Mas gong si. Yat waahn Yingbohng sTk> ‘hath eahplunk saahn géng- ce Yat bank anahp gongjf jfk- haih gai chin Yingboing a1as304 19 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE orling)" (also weatical status of the a Measure, ¥h a, Géngih, "Hong Kong Boneg™ bes Maver - Measure - Roun the atatue of Nouaat Yingbohag = 3 ain Woangiin = USt302, Gongs « HKS392 Use Response Drill T: Wmere aia you buy thie Lighter? inéouh méaih ga? Alapan/ PMantdin/ 2 Te NE RL 3 I bought this lighter in Japan, Yahtbin sdaih ge. 1s NE go akréget gétel miain ga? 1. NE go dat uhngso (/wwomggs Leihbaaiyat/ laihbaaiyat mAaih ge. tihng bingo Je a? ME ji bit tihng Leib that ‘fiin That/ 3. WE gina afutedi ingo ga? /ngoh bah ae wt fine, pinth nit bin, gien 4. NE géng dein nét wing On ginget slate gor /ithog Ginget adeih angel/ 5. NE ging ndath nash bin geok NE ging niath natn vhngswok oun ga? /Yingswok/ foun ge. 6. WL a bing bingo Jing ga? 6. NE af bing ngdh taasbhat /ogsn tani tias/ sine gee 70K ga chd,nid bindoun afath ga? 7. NE ga chi nht Béungging (/Aéunggong/ maaih ge, Comment: The sentencesatove are not necessarily past in For exanple #5 might be: This xind of hoe is made in what country? and #3: This shirt ie one you're giving to whos?CANTONESE BASIC COURSE LESSON 19 25. Expansion Dri Ex: T: Kéuth win ik. ‘T: He 4s looking for (or looked /obu noih/ for) a house. /very long (the) / Si Kéuth win Gk, wingé 5: He's deez 2ooking (oF tcoked) héu noth for ® house for a long time. 1, Kéuih win gingyihn. /ndu noih/ 1, Kéuih wan gingyahn, winjd néu note 2. Kéuth etn aan. /abungétnoth/ 2, Kéuth athe aan, otbkJ® abuh- mothe adn’ t tad eat Luncb, th bin Gk, binjd g61 go fingtaun. long to 3. Kéuih bin Gk, /g6t go Singtduh/ He took several hours to ith fan Gréngjau. /eet go th tian Gwong au, yuht/ oi go yuht. 5» Kéuth dubk Yingmihn, /baat 5. Kéuth dubie Hagedhn, dubesé athn/ ‘baat 2lan, 6. Kéuth houd Tihwian. /odam go 6, Kéuih heut T3ihwian, heui je rent/ sdae go yunt. 7» Kéuth joun ofan, /yit go 1éth~ Jounyo baat/ + 8. Kéuin jing oh§. /1 ih jing ché, jingjo ne raeattg care teenng aate’ 9. Kéuin jy faaha, foun go Sing- 9. Kéuth jré faann, SyiJ6 bun téub/ go jungtauh, +20, xéuth sé Jib. /yinsahp fi 20. i Gite (unitexsorae)) ihng yabt/ 16, Substitution Drill: Repeat the first sentence after the teacher, then substitute as directed, 2. Néin ga ohé tihng bingo ju ga? > Your car ie/mas rented from hon? i.e. Who'd you rent your car from? Zou giat/ 2, Neth tou gaat tihng Bingo Jou ga? h ga ohé tihng bingo jou ga? erEssai 19 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 3. (nai bindouh/ 4. /oiath/ +5. /tou bii-aip (een oety 4 cups and saucers) + 6. /tou wineainp/ (a set of dishe plates 7. /§eung tdi/ 8. /sing/ +9. /S$eung / 3. Néih tou gasi néi vindouh ‘fou ga? 4, Néih tou gael hat pingoun niaih ga? 5. Neth tou viddip nid dindouh adaih ga? Where &44 you buy your ‘ ect? h tou winedinp nid bin douh miath ga? here did you buy your et of china? hb jéung t54 és bindoun maaih ga? h jéung toi héi d{ndouh Sing ga? 9» Neth géung yf nai vindoun ‘Sing ga? here was your chair made? 17. Substitution Drills Repeat the first airected. 2. /jox atp/ 3. /etun aéttu/ 4s /go ngiingéngéét/ 5. /ttun kudbn/ 6. /go aiuass/ 2» / Sek gang/ fy nginaging jek afp win toh aéitu win 89 ngihngéngdsi 5+ A Sei, neGh thus kwihn win anadu g8t 6. A Set, negh go sdudét win haba get 7+ A Sel, ngdh jek ging ahaa get Comment: The rising intonation of final gé connotes inpationce,CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 135808 19 IV, CONVERSATIONS FOR LISTENING (On tape. Refer to wordlist below as you listen.) Unfamiliar terms, in order of occurrenc » 2) 2 4) 5) 6 » 8) » 10) n) aa) 3) ay) 15) 16) a”) 18) 1s) 20) au) 22) 23) 24) 25) fhneutdik = can't go a) -aik = ‘can', table tot, verd euftix yat go ngahachin = one dollar ($1.00) (See L-21, ix. 8) sihk ngaanjau = eat lunch sbuhng baan = start work daaihkoi = probably beieyi = secretary nou chin = it seems iquivalent to 'You're welcome’, ‘Not at all', Response to being thanked for a service, t that right?! (deing pretty sure it ie) gingfo = lessons, homework gondakchit = can make it in time; there will be tine to do it oma? = 14 S84 = teket cylha = finteh 8) sinkytha = finish eating ) dubkyiha = finish studying géndhohit = can't make it in tine Zamngian = just bobind héndhng = probably féng = room + suf. for obvious also 16-CL-1) Luh Wong = "01d Wong’ term of address used adare 17-CL-3) 334 faahn = "Dinner 16 ready' Heih gin ein la = ‘That! mayéh ddu méuh = doesn't have anything chabatdd = chainad Maahn hiehng = ‘Walk slowly’ -- a polite goodby form, said to person leaving by person remaining. form of to a man by good friends. (See all for now 89LEsgon 19 ve say ae a ae s 10. he a. 1B. Mw bs. 16. 7 IN CANTONESE A. You say to the person sitting next to yout Has your younger sister graduated yet? (on the phone:) Has gone to work yet? Mr. Wong Have you aoved yet? How much rent do you pay a ‘nonth? How much te a US dollar in Hong Kong aoney? How uch is an English pound? Has Mr. Ma cone yet? Have you hired a servant yet? (on the phone:) Ie Mr. Chan ‘at hone? dere @id you buy that table? Your furniture is very nice-- aid you buy 4t in Hong Kong? Mes. Lau didn’t eat break- fast until 10:15. Can your servant cook Chin food? Did someone cone to fix the phone? Have you cooked dinner yet? I hear you've recently soved-- aid you buy any new fur- aiture? 90 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE |. And he replica: + Not yet--she dos ‘ate unti? next 3e o Yoo, we moved Lat de pay HK$2,000. 5. AUS dollar is about EKS6, 6.0 not ure (not clear)== maybe it's around HK614,40, Not yet--when he arriv T'11 tell nim to go (ook for) you, ) we hired one last week. cA 8. ¥ Wo, he already went out- at 8:00 ofclock-=to have t 10, It wan bought in Japan. 11. Yeo, it was bought hers ‘at a department store on the Kowloon sid that time did she get up? a2. 13. She can cook both Chin food and Yestern food. Atte already been fixed. 15+ T haven't started to make st yet. 16. Ye he % we bought a tableCANTONESE BASIC COURSE LESSON_19 Voosbulary Checklist for Lesson 19 Le 2 3. 4 5. 6 b 8 % 10. ne 33 ten vous baindlp changdou ening gingyiin chdunglin at ogi etek eonast hitedn thu i jhe jing chan Jing ob’ snghbu ¥o98 meth a? sa SbuchBan ari Sy faa, meat shahnfeatn Abeta ngian Nolan Yaak! ngiikjiu, ngijou in Lath ge yan vor vor Yor ‘suf, to meabers of series in parallel oon- struction see ngian nevapaper tee 8 tnvite, request Savite and have ‘he invitation accepted hire servant(s) curtain plate ‘that kind of thing, such things fumiture Hong Kong soney get up (trom bed) verb uf. + bring #0 satietactory conclusion finally, (not until) then, (only) then sake, fix; repair make, sook (Western) meale repair care fix eatisfactorily question fora rent breakfast cook cook Chin ‘ten thousand supper Anerican noney fitting, suttable Tost's fined Thatte as it should bel house rent nevooser, nev arrivel salary write (vrite-words) style food. nBh 35. 36. crn 39. Ho. ae 42. 43. LEssow_19 einjs vo, tou vandbu winedihp yanngiing yBtonith yAtdthng wi yihging yingbing CANTONESE BASIC COURSE adv eave eave ave or ~bohng a (not unti2) then, (only) then, finally table set, M, for furniture, dishes, find Lesarch-succeed) a get of chine. vages together certainly, definitely ohair already Britioh pounds sterlingCANTONESE BASIC COURSE Lasso" 20 I. BASIC CONVERSATION Ay Budidup: (ur, Ma asks Miss Lee about her boss, Mr. Cheung, and his family:) Man STnsdang gayaho Yuh yahn g6ng ngéh ting Yiuh yin ging ngdh ting Jéung Sdang ge giyahn kahayaht ok. Both siuss Min SInsiang yitendin afagias? uihdeih dfngéad ahtdhng Jéung ang yitohdth heut ni ian shusé dak ahhoutaak Jéung Siang nf g81 yaht au ineusaak a Mah STpsiang Dingéat anneut: 43u hou ahdakhdahn, uth afpiad % faetly Mr. Cheung'e family somebody told me, Somebody told we Mr. Cheung'e family went back to Anerica yeaterday, ‘That's right. ) together with go with Mr. Cheung why? Why didn't they go with Mr. Cheung? able to, can. Vorb ouffix Andicating physical abinity can't go Mr. Cheung was unable to go th je fow days. May couldn't he go? Hota b snip awfully busy recently, catoh, take (a train, plane ete.) take a shipeat CANTONESE BASIC COURSE génahenit géndhehit daap eyihn Winged ding kéuih dikndano gbsin, Jauh gohihehit daap syahn ge laak. daap f2igat pe héu pa daap tigi yinené vinehd ydnwaih pa dasp f2igei gé, sdyin kéuib tihng aT aniiug3 daap ayihn peut ain. Jéung Siang hahgo 1éinb: JA danp f8igét hous. yihnldin ©, yihnidih hath gim g@. yiu (+ tine expression? Daap f@igét yiu gi nd a? Leth sfujé Yat yant doaf je. oohpedi Daap eyihn jauh yiu sahpgéi yaht ge la. 9% pot have tine Churry-not make it] not have time to take @ ohip If they waited until he was fr then there wouldn't be tine to take a ehip. airplane cateh, take plane be afraid of afraid of taking a plane since Mrs. Cheung is afraid of taking the plane ss furthermore Furthermore, because Mra, Cheung also is afraid of taking plane the children by boat. she went firet with Mr. Cheung will go by plane next Wednesday. origin, soure: Oh, so that's the takes (amount How long does it take by plane? Only a little over one day. te jeveral = a few more than ten If you take = ship, then it takes more than ten days.LESSON 20 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE wtih wiih go 1dinbaat vaaa Mth go 1édhbaad yduh géidd dian eianees Yat yant yéub nat 6 baan géiel noi a7 Seung Sdang 4 nai a? ap gd dian Ngoh anjt 44 3t Leak. ch every, every week, each K trip (voyage Monsure) How many flights each week are there going to Anerica? three or four There are three or four flignts a day. start, leave, take off, (on voyage) what time do leave? the flight ‘The flight Mr. Cheung is taking--when doce it leave? I don't kno you'll have to ack him to find out, (ask hin and only then you'll know.) B, Recapitulation: Ctr. Ma oaks M4: boss, Mr. Cheung, Man STnadeng véun yahn ging ngdh tng heut Maihgwok. Hain a, Man STnadang Kéuindeih dfagiai antéhng Jéung Siang yatendin heui n8? Lain siugé Jdung Siang af géi yaht ddu fhheuiéie 5 Sonebody toldme Mr. Choung's family went back to America jorday. That's right. Why didn’t they go with Kr, Cheung? Mr, Cheung couldn't leave theae few daysLsssat 20 Mah sipsiang Dingiai ahheuidik a? a Siujé Kéutb nlpaai Su béu andiiendohn, Vinge ding kéuih ddkhdahn g5fén, fauh géndhohit daap eyihn ge kéuih tihng sailéugd daap syihn heui sin. ing Siang habgo 1ésnbaat * ja daap faigdt hous, ion Sineiang 0, yibnldth hath gi Daap f3igdi yiu gé4 not a7 Lean siuss wat yant asat 33. Daap ayihn jauh yiu sahpgét mbt gel Min SInsiang MGih go 1éihbaai youn geids dian £8184 hous Yat yant yhun adanset vin 1 Mab SIpskaag Jdung Sdang daap g6 baan gétel nét at Lian shuss Ngin ainsi ga--Tiu asbahdh kéuih ‘44 38 lank. CANTONESE BASIC COURSE Why couldn't he leave? He's been awfully busy recently, If they waited until he free, then there wouldn't be time to take « ship, Furthermore, since Mre. Cheung also is afraid of taking planes, she left firat with the chilaren by ship. Mrs Cheung will go by plane next Wednesday. Oh, so that's the reason. How long does it take by plane? nly a little over one day. Tf you take @ ship, then it takes nore than ten days, How many flights each week are there going to Anerica? There are three or four flights a day. The flight Mr, Cheung is taking-- when does it leave? I don't know--youtl1 have to aa him to find out, 96CANTONESE BASIC COURSE LESSON 20, NOTES die as verb euffix, meoning ‘able to," ‘con.! Worb-dik forms a unit meaning ‘physically able to ¥,' tean ¥." Beanples, showing question, negative and affirmstive form: (teres | Bxanples Baglich equivalents k The car is 60 old--can it run?’ The car is so old--it ien't able to run! ‘The car can run--it'e simply that you haven't turned on. the ignition! By extension (Vih)V-dik can be used when the (in)ability is not strictly physical, Ber dung Stang of géi yoht ir. Cheung couldn't get avay abu ahheuidak a. these few days. (See 80) ‘because. in a sentence from the BC of thie lesson? 1 80.01} "eincess., therefore...! of paired conjunctions linking the two clauses of a ‘because’ sentence, Use of both yanwaih and soyih in one aentence Je, hovever, not required. ‘A common pattern is to use either one or the other but not both. The order of the two claus Ls Yanwaih ngdh b&t Gaunihng Because I work in Kowloon, T is irreversible gun esky yeh Bhiingyi wouldn't like to live in bat Heunggong Jyh. Fong Kong. 2. Ng’ has Gauipne Jouh 1 work in Kowloon, so T sih, goyih, ngoh tthjungys wouldn't like to live in nat Houngsbng duh. Tong Kong. (ort 20 T don't Like to Live in Hong Kong.) (See 80 and Dritt 2) Nusber-Heasure expresntonstvith fractions, partials, and approxinate number: a In Nu expressions concerning unite greater than 1: Yor numbers greater than 1, fractions snd other partials fit into a number expression following the grannatical Measure word, preceding the Noun (4 any).Lassat 20 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE Be Mu My Fraction Me on Partial 1. adam go Singtivh 3 noure sian go g6i—ingt duh 3 houre and sone cian go tun fingtivh 5.2/2 houre sian go a8 dingtivh nore then 3 hours 2. Yeuhng gin nehuhyuhk 2 cattion of beet Young gin bun nghuhyuhk 2 1/2 cattien of beet 3s aahp alin 20 years emp akon a8 pore than 10 yeara Note that the fraction part cones after the Neasure, and that though most Chinese standard wensures (for time, length, weight, ete.) are grammatically Measures, some standard meagures are grammatically Nouns. Tuer Me Me 2 a stan nihn bun 3 V2 years saan go bun dingtiuh 3 1/2 hours, You will probably need considerable practice to be able to produce ‘the two types smoothly. (See BO and Drill 11) be In number expressions for units less than 1: bun, ‘half' precedes the Measure vord in nunber expressions concerning units less than 2. pe 2K Ww bun go jingtiuh half an hour bun go yuht half @ month bun gin half a catty bun mah half a yard (of cloth, etc.) bun yaht half a any bun alin half a year c. Approximate numbers! ances yaht 3 or 4 days seifgh go yan 4 or 5 people Cantonese uses serial munbers as approximate munbers, as indicated above. Ordinarily the numbers used are adjacent numbers in series vith the smaller first, Occasionally the larger number con be first;CANTONESE BASIC COURSE ESs0N 20 for example: shamléuhng geui, ‘two or three sentences! (3-2asentences}_ ‘Siwssip in not used ao an opprociaate munber for ‘nine or ten,' but ie used only as the specific nusber ‘ninety.' (See 8 and Drili 14) 4. sanpgéi, [ten-several] ‘ten sone! nahpgei ie an approximate sumber representing ‘ten and a few more'-~ sore than ten but lese than twenty. All the round musbere--aahp, bask, suge this form’in this way: Ex: 1. eahpgei ‘ten some, a few more than ten 2. yihsahpgei twenty some 3. baakgei a hundred sone 4, yihbaakgéi two hundred some 5. chingsi a thousand some (See Bc) tevery," teach," in Time Bxpressions. tench," occupies the position of specifying words wish tevery (al, 29) before the number in a numbered Time Expression. Be: 1. Kguih miih Téuhgg go 1. He goon to the New Territories Lkinbaai heui Sangaai once very tvo weeks. yht chi. + Xguih af 1éuh Yglhbead peuile Singasi 1éuhng chi. (See BC and Drills 8 2! nen the mumber in the Tine Expression is yat. ‘on He has teken off for the New either the miih or the yt can be oaitted, or both can be eaid. ‘Ber 1. Keuih min nlhn heui Sangaai ent. « Kiuih yt nltn nevi Singeai |, te goes to the yat chi. New Tersitories once every year. « Kguih min yat nln adu hed Singaai yat chi. 5+ Duplication of Measure vord to express ‘each and every’ "Bach and every,’ ‘every and all! may be expressed by saying tne Measure vord twice: yahtyaht, ‘each and every day,' [day-day]; gogo ldihbaai, ‘each and every week,' (Measure-Measure week]. When the duplicated Measure is used, the phrase occurs in a set vith a following (5x, the du appearing directly before the verb. 9‘L890 20 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE Ex: 1, Kéyih yantyaht au noble He studien Centonese Svengstngva every day: 2. Kéuih gogo 1éinbaai au sink He ents Chinese food once yatleuhng chi Jingenos. or twice every weeks (See Dritie 2, 15) ‘The duplicated Measure is only weed for ‘every without exceptions! for fevery two 1. Kéuth nlinalan dGu,heul very year he goes to America Méihgvok yat chi miaih yoh ona buying tripe 2. Keuih with/ BREN in He goes te America onc gwok Bt chi seal 5. Voyage Measures In English we may say: 1. There are two planes taking off in an hour. There are two flights taking off in an hours There are two ships on June 15. ‘There are two sailings on June 15. "Flight! and ‘eailing' refer not to the vessel but to the voyage. Cantonese makes the sane distinction between vessel and voyage, but differs from English in that the distinction is compulsory. Referring to. the vessel, Cantonese uses the individual measure for the vessel; shen * etc., you mst use miih, every two yeare ona buying-trips referring to a voyage, the voyege measure ie used. 1. G5 ga Sighs endhadie g6id3 yan a? How may people dove that plane 2. GS bin fégei geidinjiing noi 22 When does that flight leave? [that voyage-M plane] Chart of Carriers with individual and voyage Measurest individual | voyage | carrier measure | measure [en basn | raiges airplane jen Bahn | end, dif, 1ashnen’ ear, bus, jek douh | ayihn ohip This division is not always strictly adhered to. (at _ga che, ‘the next [individual-M] car‘ is said interchangeably with hahyat bean vad 100eee Co NTONESESDASICICOUR Se ‘the oext Cvoyage-K) car," referring to the next car (usually bus) leaving. (See 8¢ and Drills 1, 8) » dimiiing, ‘hour' as Time Spent word. Simjing in ‘time when' position, i. into English as 'o'clock,‘a point in time. dinjiing in 'time spent* Position, 5,e., following the verb, indicates ‘hour(s),t.a length of tine, Tt occupies the eane sentence position that {ingtauh, thour,' does. before the verb, tranclat 1, Kéuih sham dimjiing heui He's going there at 3 o'clock. soioun. 2 put gSdoun yin stam eEnjune. Tt takes three hours a Heat gSdoun yin aban go [ *? 62t there. Hngtion. (See rit §) 7. iter’ as ‘refuses to Vorb," ‘refused to Verb,’ ‘unwilling to Verb! ‘and V ahV? as ‘willing to W?" Compare: eae gb By bo Tm sorry, 1 don't know Wath aban wad ng the Giant tell oe. I'm sorry, I don't know— mhwah ngoh j},, she wouldn't tell me, 2eme Kguih ahmyaht dingaai Way didn't he go with you nouh tuhng néih heus yesterday? (plainfact question) a? Kéujh Kahgyaht dingoad Way didn't ne go vith you Bhtihng néih heui a? yesterday? (implication that he refused to go—that he could have, but he wouldn't) 3.8, Keuih gogo 1éihbaai She won't ever go out with me dou mhtthng ngoh heui fon Sunday. goa ge b. Gam, kahmyaht 1pihbaai— Well, yesterday was Sunday— Kguin tihng ahtubng 4id She (was she willing to) nein heui a? go out with you? gdh, néuihpahneyauh go- Ny girlfriend alvays goes out go, 1aihbaai_dou tihng with me on Sunday. ngoh heui cial, Ghm, kajayaht 1&ikbaai~ Well, yesterday was Sunday— kguih yauh moun tihng @id she go out with you? neih heui a? Verb may be used to express ‘not willing to Verb,’ in which case 102the negative remains ab regardless of CANTONESE BASIC COURSE Whether the sentence is one of past reference, non-past reference, or habitual action. (See B¢ and Drit1 29) 8. yiu as ‘couse oF make (songone do aonething),' "be caused or made (to do something)" Bet Ls Nein afnghas yi _ haahng oun heud n8? 2. Vin néin ging ngdh fan noity tinea yak. [you wny made valk-road go eh?] What makes you be walking? Wnat made you walk? (Spesker indicates he expected addressee not to be valking and ‘agsunes sonething special usde hin walk.) (Cf. English: ‘What did you want to do that for?! when eomeone hits you unprovoked.) Making you wait for me 60 long-- i'm very sorry. yi which basically means ‘require,’ ‘be required hen an extended meaning ‘cause’ or "be caused.! (See Drint Leh) «590 ybun 75 (tinecspent) Expression. Bx: Kéuih duhk Yingmihn yduh «anne In thi: There is a pause, then the Predicate, follows. His Bnglich atudy anounts to four years. He studied English four years. type sentence the Subject is composed of an SVO phrase. composed of yaun TS Expression, We regard this type sentence as being derived from a V( jo) time-spent structure Bet 1, Réuih, stung dubke sei nthn Yagaahn. 2. Kéuth duhkJ$ sei ninn ¥ He plans to study English for four years. He studied English for four years. In the SVO yuh TS Bepression, the time-spent expression haa been sparated from its verb. in the Predicate. 02 Tee verb (dub in the example above) becomes part of the subject, and the 2S expreesion (, i nthn above) becones Object huh in this type sentence is an equating verb,CANTONESE BASIC COURSE LESSON 20, affirming that Subject ‘amounts tot Object. (You will isan in later lessons that there are other sentence types in wien yuh is used as an ‘equating verb.) In this type sentence the verb of the SYO eubject does not require (out can have) the verb euffix J, even when the action concerns one + Talking of action which began in the past one wtich began in the ps may fay? Le Ruin dunk Yingsihn His English study-oit anounted yuh sei ann. to four years. 2. Kguih dung Yingathz — ffe'e studied English--it'e been yan sei nin ge la. four years now. He otudied Znglish--it was four years. (See Drilt 15) 20. Noun Modification: Spe4-¥ compound aodified by VP A verbal modifier in Cantonese direstly precedes a Spi: phrase: a a Joe: Keuih,dang go baan f8ig8i The plane he is taking leaves sei dim hoi. at 4 ofcleck. (or took/left) Kéuth miain g6 aI cyl adu hou The books he bought vere geal gan all very expensive, (See 6 and Dritt 16) (Te above contrasts with the situation of verbal modification in Mandarin, in which a verba? modifier Le followed by the subordinating particle de ( before a Sp MN phrase. ¥_ de Spon Ski 1, Tg dzBu de néi ban f8ij1 The plane he is taking ee dys jing enizes. leaves at 4 o'clock. 2, TH aks de ndi aye chi The books he bought were dou nbn gv all very expensive.) UL. Noun modification: Verbal modifier preceding a numbered phrase. Wren a verbal eodifier precedes a munbered phrase, there are to possibilities: 1) the V modifier is followed by the subordinating particle go; or 2) St ie followed by Sptthe general plurals ai. Be: Kéuih whaih fe a vin ey diu nda The three books ke go of ‘evi. ought were_all very expeneive. 103LESSON 20, IIT, DRILLS Le Expansion Drill a Laahych’ yt baan laaboch’, HanySt dian Jaahach’. SCihe next) Hanyit balan Jaahaché daahp gi BBE a? Hanykt bilan Jashach’ daahp shan hoi, Tay Comment: guhn where t be substituted for 2. yhun bilan cht mith léuhnggo jin yhuh bien ena hdabng oun hous, yiu hdahng ouh heui. Abugies yin hdahng louh? Nein aingaad yin néahag ‘oun heus ne? 104 be CANTONESE BASIC COURSE gable car one [trip] cable car The next cable car Wnen does the uext car leave? The next car leaves at quarter after. dian. dian can always a journey measure, bus there are bua there's a [trip] bue how sany buses are there? How many buses there are in one hour? There are 4 buses an hour. bus [ear] a [trip] bus there's a [trip] bus bus every 10 There's a bus every 15 minutes. ‘There's a bus every 20 minut walk [walk-road] g0 on foot have to go on foot Why do you have to walk? you to be How come you are walking?CANTONESE BASIC COURSE L3SSON_20 Comment: The @ and ¢ sentences could be: ‘hy do you (or did you) wa walking? + yu to In the latter 1K?" or why is it you are (oF e yiu has a new meanin implication being that the speaker expects the addressee +2 not to be walking. Sea. ghéh fecn, > chdh fSché heui. e. chdh fSché heud Singaat. a. CnBh fbch8 heui Sangaad e yiu gei noth a? g@4 houn baef 6. a. @aahp g¢i houh bast b yiu daahp gi houn bast e Heul £8ig6ichduhng yiu a dashp géi hous baal a? Hous Sanding yu, dnenp e get houh basi a? Heud Sangaad yiu daahp get t noun basi a? Léuthhahag Teas heud 1éuihhahng >» heui Téihwdan 2éuinhahng e gauh nin neud T3inr a ‘Léuinndting Gouh nin heud T3inr hahng, heuiJé 1éuhng go LAihbaat. 105 train take the train, go by ‘train go by train go by train to the ‘Territories How long does it take to get to the New Terri- tories by train? what number bus catch what nusber bua have to get what number Due hat number bus do you eatch to get to the airport? What numver bus do you catch to get to the Peak? ‘hat number bus do you catch to get to the New Territories? trip, excureion go on a trip, excursion go to Taiwan on a trip took @ trip to Taiwan inet year took a trip last year to Tainan for two weeks.LESSON 20 2. Transformation Drill Transform trom pith tine exprei CANTONESE BASIC COURSE on to equivalent expression uaing duplicated Measure. +1, Kéuth mith yaht heui yat cht. + 2, Kéuih ath go 1éihbaat heus yat chs. + 3. Kéuih ath go yuht heut yat oni. +4, Kéuih with athe heud yat chi. Comment: Note that in the above sentenc: 1. Kéuih yahtyaht au heui yat, chi.’ Cevery day) Kbuth gogo 1éihbaad du heus get chi, Cevery week) Kéuih gogo yuht 43u keus at chi Cavety sont) 4, Kéuih afhnathg au heui yit chi. Cevery year) the duplicated Measure expressions @innnthn, etc) are followed by dOu before the Verb: ial thn du ft ui, otc. In the muin sentences dou can be included, £0 indicate that the fre- quency states 3. Response Drill Bat 1, 7: Nin hath ahhasn edn f3che ga? /oael/ S$: Mbhaih, Ngdh chon vial 1dih ge. 2, % Noth nash Sbhash enéb bast 13m ga? /oaol/ jain, Ngdh choh i ih Bee 1. Néih path dhbaih_daap syinn ah ga? /f8ig6i/ 2. Néih hath bhai chOb £84g@! 2din ga? /feiges/ 3. Néih hath @mhaih chdh fen ash ga? /baei/ Néin hain dhhash chdn Lith gar /aKel/ ( 5. Néin hath Shhaih chdh aTkel Lith ga? /niahng loub/ 6. Néim hadh Ahhein béehng Louk din gar /endh fache/ 7. Néth haih ahhaih daap f5ché 1aih gaz /£bché/ 106 ie thought to be nigh. T: Did you come by train? /bus/ Noy I came by bus, 7: Dia you cone by bus? /bu S: Yes, 1 came by bus, fihain. gon daap £2458 aah Baan. tgtn chdh f8ig3t ain gs fiehain. gdh chéh bef ain « 4e Mlhaths gdh ehh aSkol aang 5+ Mahain. gdh hdahng Louk 1éih gee + Phhaih. Ng@h chdh foct Lian’ g Main. gdh daap £6ehé dain geeCANTONESE BASIC COURSE :350N Nei hath abhain daap toch3 din ga? /oael/ Néth hath athain daa vast 1dih ga? /laahechs/ 20, Néih hain dhhadh di ih ga? /laahachs/ Laahach’ 8, Monath. Ngdh daap viel 22h Be. 94 Mahash. Nedh damp Leanaené Tin gee 10, Haih, tigbn daep lashes hd ash ge - Response Drill Be: 1, T Nin afm heut ga? Poasl/ Si Ngoh daap baet ews ge ©" faiahng Lous/ ct Ngoh hdabag Lou howl 1, Neth afm neut a? /Laahach’/ 2. Néih afm 1éth gar /rcné/ Kéuth aim heut ga? /f8ig04/ h @fim heud a? /eyihn/ ‘Te How did you get there? ST went by bus. T: How are you going to get there? 5: I'm going to walk. 1. Ngdh dap leahaché heui. 2, Ned daap fbchd 1€in ge. 3. Kéuih daap 28igdi hens ge. 4, Ngdh damp syinn heut. 5. Néih dim ain ga? /adahng loub/ 5. Ngdh ndahng lou 1aih ges 6. Néin aia din ga? /oiel/ 7. Néih aim heui a? /dikel/ 8. Néih afm lohk heus ga? ‘Paannchs/ 9» Nein dfe heut a? /ja chd/ 6. Ngbh daap basi 14ih ge 7. Ngbh daap afkel reas. 8. Neb daap laahneh® lohk heui ge 9. Ngbh 3a ché news. 5. Substitution Drill When will the next bus Leave? » Poaan feigsi/gieih/ + /eian lashach3/daahp g65/ 107 1. Hahyat bilan ché daahp géd nos a? 2, Mehydt ban #1581 gdiedn Os a? 3. Hazyat bilan laahmché daahp get hai a?5. /oian syihn/daanpgst/ A, Hanyat vlan toon’ géieth nat a? 5. Hanyat va nad a? sythn dashp gi 6. Transforeation Drill: Change the sentences from yiu to aneit. HAabng Lowh het St Haabng oun heut ‘Jingwiahn Gaaisth bead waam go {ih Daap daef heui yiu yat dle iting. (one hour) 2. Chéh eyihn heui yiu seifigh yaht. Haabng louh_heui yiu din géi jing. T: It takes [requires] 15 minutes to walk to Central Marke 8: Tt less tian [doesn't require] 15 minutes to walk to Central Market. 1, Daap vief heut shadt yat admjing. 2, Chéh aytihn heui andi setigh yaht. + ohgh Fight nou tantbin 4, Daap leahach’ surg hous Bhebs fghlunk go Jin, Do Ohh atkef haul tSuheyigwin ihedd léuhngsdem go Jin, jayng Loud heut ahedt Sung afm géi fing. 7. Combining Dri11 xr Ts G6 aT ngduhyuhk, ‘ShhSusihk. Ngoh ahoihk. St Yanwaih g6, af ngduh- yuhk ahnguethk, aéyin ngén ahoibk. 2. G6 af jydyuhke ahnguethk. Ngan’ moun sthk. 2, Kahmyaht 1itnbaad. NgShdeth thedi. taanging. 3. GB dgui haath annutés. gah ah Jeuk. 108 + Yanwaih gd af dybyunk tho sihk, soy{n ngoh mouh sik. 2 Winyath kingyane 2égnoens, sayin a aging. 3. Yanwash 8 deut héaih annéu~ + sbyih ngdh Shou,CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 4. NE gihn yinidu daathat. ‘gdh aheéung ndeih. 5. Gamyaht ahedt fianging, Ngdh heui chahidun yam chah, LESSON 20 4, Yanwain of gthn yin: daaihat, sdyin ngsh shedung alain. 5. Yanwath gimyant aheit fian- sing, séyih agéh heus endhidun yam chih, 8, Transforsation Drill Bx: Ts With yant yéub gS (48) dean reiged 82 /3/ Miah yaht yéuh edam ‘aan. With yabt dub ‘jingtduh syd MGih yant yduh f3ehs a? /9/ With go 1éthbaat hobk gét dinjiing Gwongdiingsa a? /2/ With yakt hohk g4(4) go fiingtiuh yingndbn 0? /1/ Mian go jingtduh yéun 664(48) ‘baan ayn a? /9/ With yabt yéuh g64(45) bilan f8igei a? /3/ (a3) go cs 54 (45) Leuba Tr How many flights are there each day? S: There are three flights every day. 1. Mith yaht dubk Sing tdun, 2. Mith yant A go uh giu léuhn. With go 1éshbaat hohke Léuhng dinjing. Miah yant nobie yat go ‘Siingtéun. Mian go Singtiuh yiuh géu aa Méih yant yéun sidan dian, 9» Expansion Drill. Ext T chéh baal yiu gi noth a? /Jingwaahn/ 5: chéh baei heul Jing- wiahn yiu g64 noth Haahgg look yiu gé1 noth a? Pibui Daathhohke ‘tounsyligmin/ yiu g64 noth a? 3. Chéh alkel yiu g64 noth 0? ‘7oansh Douh Jang/ 109 How long does it take to go by ‘bua? /Central District/ ‘St How long will it take to go to Central District by bus? 1. Hiehng lou hous Hdungeing Dasthnohk tSuheyigwin yiu géi noih a? houd Yantbin yiu gét noth a? 3. Chdn afkel heus Daath Dou Sling yiu g84 noth a?10, Substitution Drill: Re 4, Daap, vast yiu_gét noth a? /#inng On Giingst/ 5. Daap eyipn yiu géi noth (/einwaan/ 6. Chéh tashckS yu géi noth a? ‘Zebunag Saandéng/ 7. Yanp f3ch yiu géi nosh a? 7Sangaa/ 8. Chéh goché yiu géi noin a? (/cwong jau/ Essai 20 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 4, Daap bast heui wifhng On Ging- ef yiu géi noin a? Baap syihn heui TSin1 ‘get noth a? 6. Chon Lashaché déng yiu géi noth a? 7. Daap féché heui Singeai yin get noth a? 8, chdh f8ch8 heus Gong du yin g6t noth a? then substitute directed. 1, Yaub dingriann Giatefn hdahng- Louk heui TEnsing Mabtauh yiu géi noih a? 2. /Singwisnn Gdateth/Mahnwih Taudiay 3, /Mannwah Jéudin/Néthgwok Jaudia/ 4, /MBingwok Jéudia/ihng Te Gangel/ 5. /daap atkes/ 6, /iinngOn GingaS/(dung) gong, Daain(nohk)/ 7. iBunggdng Veainhohk/etuhag Sdandéng/ 8, /Sdandéng/Lonk Jingwaahn/ jat the first sentence after the teacher, 2, Yuh Jingudann Gdatofn hdahaglouh houi Tneing Mantduh yiu géi noih a? 2+ Yduh Jingwishn Gdatofn hdshng Louh Beud Mahnwdh Saudia yin g€1 noth a? 3. Yaun Mdhowdh Jaudia hiahng Louk heut Néihgwok Jéudia yiu 84 nosh a + Vaan wéinewok,ciudte hinhag oun heui ifhag On Ginge! yiu gét noih a? 5+ Yauk Matngaok Jéudin daap dfkef nevi #fhng On GingoS yiu g@i moth a? 6. Yaun sfnngOn Gingol daap afket nevi (Heung) gong ‘h(hohk) yiu géi neh a? 7» Yiub ddungedng, Daathohk daap dikel séuhng Standing yin géi noth a? 8, Yaun Siendéng daap aTkot ‘ohk Jingraahn yiu ges noth a? Conment: Gbsg Daath ie an abbreviation for Hong Kong University. uo11. Expansion Drill: Add gi in the appropriate pla CANTONESE BASIC COURSE Te Daap f¥ag%1 sty go jingtauh, S: Daap f8igsi yiu S$: siam go get dingtéun. 2.7 ‘figh yaht. St Chéh eyihn yiu igh 8 yaht gat. Jouh nf gihn ein yiu yat athn, Tie Job will take a year to do. Chéh ayiha yiu gat go yuht. Daap féch3 yiu of go jth. Hout laahnchd jaahe yiu yat go ‘fingeduh, Fan Gee yiu sahp fanjing. Hohk Gwongdingwé yiu 1éuhng athn. Daap sythn heui Téthwian yin a yaht. Het tchéuhng yiu 1éuhng aie jing. Repeat, thus cngh aytha yiu Te LESSON 20 T: It takes three hours to go by plane. nore than three hours than 4) to go by five days to go by Tt takes a little over five days (but less than 6) to go by boat. 2s Jouh af ginn oth ytu (yt) inn geie 2. Chdh eyihn yiu go géi yuht. 3. Damp fSchd yiu séi go gé: Jah. 4, Hous eahach3 jaahm yiu (gat) go get fangtauh, 5. Féan Gkkéi yiu sabpgés fanjung. 6. Hohk Gwéngdingwé yiu 1éuhng athn gé4. 7. Daap syiha heyi Téihwaan yiu ‘dam yaht sé. 8, Hous ¢84e8ichbuing _ yin Léubng din géi fing. ‘T: Daap f8igdi yiu sdam go jingtauh. 2 go singtiuh au ti 12. Response Drill Bx: 1, T Né4h neuddou ‘goJin, keuth- dein ethkse faahn weih 9? /208/ 8: “ote heuidou go- 5. ‘fan, kéuihdety pinging aihkess faahn leak. am T: When you got there, had they ‘eaten yet? Yhen I got there, they had ‘already eaten their meal,‘LESSOR CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 2. 7: Néih heuidou g6- Jan, keuthdeth aihkJé faahn mein a? /shake/ St Ngbh heutdou g6- Twn Si When I got th you got there, had they eaten yet? they still hadn't eaten yet. Kéuin heusdou g6sén, ng: fuhng mein eink jouchaan, Kéuth neutdou g6y8n, nosh yinging taige ylaing leak, Neda dandou gbsém, kéusn Ngdm heutdou gSJin, kéuth yinging jéujo laak. Kéuth Lithdou géjén, ngéh guhng woih yom chih, Ngép heuidou gésén,_ ga téche yinging noiJ® leak, Ngéh heusdou gojén, jek ‘eyihn juhng mesh hoi. Nigbh heuddou gS gan, kéuth fuhng mein bin ike Ngdh heuidou gbsin, Kéuth vihging fdanjé ikke leak. Kéuih heuidou g6Jan, ngén Guhng mein dubic. goes to the Central Dia~ ‘trict everyday. goes to the Contral Dis- trict everyday. ‘Jan, kéuthdoih junag meth sihk faahn. 1. Keuth hutdon g66n, néth Le ‘sihkjo Jouchaan meth a? /onake/ 2. Kéugh heutdou eStiny néin 2 té4j6 yleang aeih a? /n0d/ a ae ‘ghujo meth a? /aad/ 5. Kéuih 1éthdou géfan, nih 5. $8 chah meth a? /ohake/ 6. Néth heutdoa 6. 6148 mein 7. Néih heutdou gojan, jek eydhn 7. 8148 mosh a? /shnice/ idou gojan, kéuih 8. ‘blind Gk meth a? /ehake/ 9. Nein heuidou,gojén, keuth % tdanjé Gkxéi aeih a? /nod/ 20, Kéuth nevidou gdsén, néih 10, dubksé oyd meth a? /shake/ 13. Alteration Dri22 Bx: 1, Tc Kéuih mith yaht Ts He gu Lohie Jingwéahn, S: Kéuih yahtyaht S$: He dgu lobk Singraahn. 2,7 Kouih wiih go ‘Vétnbaat dou phat. ‘She plays mahjong at homeCANTONESE BASIC COURSE LissiSON_20 win gogo hin- tent ay Sika pia, Kéuih ofith go 1éihbaai dou heut ai b3. Kéuth afin go yuht au fian- neu Ounin. uth mith nfm ddu fdanheud Méihguok. + Kéuih afin yant ddu oth ‘Saichian. + Kéuih mith go 1éthbaatyaht du chéng sihk fashn. Kéuth afin go yubt yi dou heui 18 chin. Kéugh aGih nfhn sei yunt dou féan Gwongjau. hou Ls. Substitution Drill Ex: T: Kéuih wiih pfhn heut ‘Tinbak Léuhng chi. /bsnbaat/ S: Kéuih afin go 1éih- ‘baai heui Tihbak iéuhng chi. 1. Kéuih mith yaht gwo hi ced chi. /lathbaat/ 2. Kéuth wfin,go ngoh ikkéi yat chi. ‘fase K@uih afin ofhn féanheui hohk- haauh ef chi. /yaht/ Kéuih mith yaht 1ohk Jingwaahn ‘sdansei chi. /laihbaai/ Kéuih miih go ldihbasi heui ‘Singaai ges chi. /yunt/ 3 She plays mahjong at home ae He 3 every week, Kéuih gogo 1éihbaat déu heut da b3, Kéuth gogo, yuht déu fdan- heus. Ouains Kéuth atyanthn a3u fdan- heud Madhgwok. Kéuih yahtyaht dou sihk SaAchaan Kéusn Léshbaatyant dou cheng eihk faahn, Kéuth gogo yunt, yt noun dou heui 16 chin, Kéuth afhantim cei yunt dou féan Gwongjau. goes to Taipei twice year. /week/ St He goes to Taipei twice a week. Kéuih aiih go 1éihbaai gwo nd sei chi. Kéuth ath go yuht 1éin ngoh ikkéd yat chi. kéuih mith nfhn fdan Grong jau Léuhng chi. Kéuih wiih yaht fdanheui hohkhaauh sei chi. Kéuth afin go 1éinbaai lohknso 20 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 15, Alteration Drill Ext 1, T: NOM 1dtnJé Hgunggéng_yauh g6t noth a? + Noi ings ‘Héunggoag 634 noth a? . Ts Kéuih gaausd Gwokyih yéuh aden nina lak, 5: Kéuth geauJé sian nihn Gwokyih leak. 1. Kéuih heuij6 Meingwok yéuh gai noin at 2. Ngdh bling ik yéuh bun nfhn Laake T moved half a year ago. 3. Kéuih gyojé hdi yauh g6i go fingtdub Leak. ask. 7. Kéuih sihkjé faann yéuh yih- ‘eahp fanjing 1 He finished his sinutes ago. 7: How long have you been in Hong Kong? S: How long have you been in Hong Kong? ‘Tr He hae taught Mandarin for three years, S: He bas taught Mandarin for three years. 1, Kéuih heui js Méingwok g61 noth a? inj ik bun nfhn leak, duin g¥ogd not g4 50 ‘jingeauh Leak. 4, Ngdh nishapihagydun fianjé hout Tinea yet go 1alh- 8. Ga fbchd ndij6 géi noth a? 16. Combining Dri12 axt T: Jéung Séang daap A ght afojiing hot a? Mr, Cheung is going to catch that flight. When does that flight take orf? St When does the flight Mr. Cheung is taking take off? oF then does the flight take off that Mr. Cheung ie taking?CANTONESE BASIC COURSE LESSON 20 coh biel. 1s Léth Tint chdn gd dian biel GS past heui bindoub a? heud bindouh a? 2. Ngonaesh ond £ 2. Ngdhdein endh g5 dian fochs Gb baan foché ashbasteet dou, Laihbaaises dou. ng Stang daap ayihn. Won ing daap g6 dian eyihn daahp gei hdt a? 4. Kéuihdein daap g6 bin laahe- ohd yat go jin haun hai. Sth haun bd. 5. Kéuth afaih_sduteda: Kéuih fain g6 gihn séutedan GO gihn séutedam shngaanjeuk. Whngaanjeuk. 6. Hdk Stusé dub gd bin oy 6. Hoh stugo dunk gf bin ey’ G8 bin eyi maaih aahp man. manib sahp man. The book Miss Ho is reading is for $10. 1, 2, and 3, where text Comment: Tape has 2éuhn in o has been. In + tay has Baan. baan can always be substituted for doun ae @ journey measure. 17. Substitution Drili: Repeat the first sentence after the teacher, ‘then substitute as directed. 1. Kéutn yit go jiagtdun (J1)- 2 haub fdanidih. (He, after an hour, return.) He'li be back in an hour. 2. /go géi Singtaun/ Jingtduh (31)- hauh faanlain. 3. /bubng go fingtiuh/ 3. Kéuth léubng go fingtiuh (jDbauh féanlain, 4 /butng go get Singtiun/ 4, Kouth Léubng go gé4 jingtdun (CgDnauh faaniein, 5+ /eianset go jingtauh/ + Kéuih sdasset go. jingtiuh (jDhaub fdandain.. 6. /go gi 1éthbasi/ 6. Kéuth go gi 1éihbaad (31)- ‘nauk faanlaih. 7. (yet okay 7. Kéuth yt aha (32)hauh fianlith. 8, /atnn gét/ 8. Kéuth nin gé4 (J1)bauh féaniéin. 9. /léubng ihn g@i/ ih Léuhag nihn get (J1)~ 520 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 10, /yat nthn ddu/ ai. /yat go yuat déu/ uh yat go yubt déu (32)~ hauh fdanlain. 1B, Double Substitution Drill: Repeat the firet sentence, then sube stitute an directed. 1. Réuih heuiJé Méthewok-~ 1. Kéuih neutJé Néinewox-- waahkj® 1m go yuht (j1)- waahkj@ séam go yubt iin. (jDhauh féanlaih. will probably be back in three months, yim chah/bun go jingtduh/ ah newt s6 via chin ras ‘bun go jingtduh (ji)hauh féanléih. 3. Kéuih heuts5 rnggwok, ‘Leunnggo go guht (jihauh fdanlaih. 4h, /ah vé/yat go 684 Jingtiuh/ 4, Kéush heutyS af D3, waankyo yat go ges. fingtduh (j2)- an, 5. /Guéngjau/est yaht/ 6. /yaunetus/edanses go Jingtauh/ 2 /ingwiahn/eet go $i0/ 2. Kéuih nes J Jing waankJé 64 go Jah (32)- haub fdanlaih. Connent: The structure Time Bepression (it) hauh ‘after X time! ‘ae in das yahe Tauh fdanifin: "return atver 3 days" Seprecente a Tine tnon expreseion which precedes the Verb it 1s connected to, 6CANTONESE BASIC COURSE SON 20 19. Transformation Drill: Tranetora th aimgéai questions. yntences from negatives to Tr He didn't go swinming with hie ‘aguh tihng tani~ wife yeoterday. tad newt St Kéuth kahmyaht $1 Why didn't he go owtaming with dingiat nous hie wife yesterday? heut yduhagui a? 2. 7% Kéuih kahmyaht , Tr Antihng tagitiat hie wife yesterday. seat hatte, S: Kéuih Kah St Why wouldn't he go owtuaing ilaglet Botinag with his wife yesterday? tanitdat heut yauhedul a? 1. Kéuth he&i dinnein. 2. Kéuth éfngiad anedd athnetn a? 2. Kéuth hse chin bet kbuin Kéugh aingéad ahje chin dé sailéu. Kéuth aailéu a? Keoth gij3 afagiat,ahtinng niahephngyduh dé 05 0? 4, Kéuth dfngda ahdaai go jai heut téi yfeing a? 5. Kéuih dingiad Ahgaau kéuih Jingadhn a? Kéuth dingiai oduh dé dtho~ wa bat agoh 7. Kéuih moub wah néih ji. Me re aingéat sar 8, Kéuih moun méaih gist, 8. Kéush afnetat afun adain gael a? Kéuih dimgéai ahchéng giing- yabn a? 10, Kéuth dfagiad afun wuhn saan a? Comment: The ai sentences depend on context to clarify ether the is not going to V' oF ‘wouldn't (4, ) ut1. Expansion Drill xt Ar Kéuth yfnedinn with ihe dou ews Teunng cht ‘ga. B: van ynobtin wlan anihn dou heui Teuhng ch! ga, datgwe ghanks Kouth gre cnt GBu wet inntgeo. 2. Kéuth yinentnn wish yabt dou 1dih eéam chi ga 2. Ngbh yihehthn win go yubt adu ‘heud eed chi ga, Kéuih yinchthn wiih go baat dou 1dih chat chi g Ay Kéuih yibenihn with afnn dou heui gh chi ge : Formerly he 20 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE Fornerly he year. went twice every went twice every year, but this year he hesa't gone even onc 2s Kéugh ylnohtbn mith yant gu 1dih ofan chi ga. bateve gimyant kuin yat chi dou eth 1éingwo. 2. Nedh yihenthn with go yunt ‘dou beui cei chi ga, datgvo nf_go yuht ngoh yat chi dou wei heuigyo. Kéuih ylachihn wiih go Ldinbaai dou 1dib chit Léinbeas kouln yat cht dou meih 1dingwo, Kéuth ynchino with nthe dou heud gh chi ga, _ batgwe gianin Keuin yat chi déu mein heuigwo. IV. CONVERSATIONS FOR LISTENING Rafer to wordlist below as you listen.) ton tap Unfanilier terms, in order of occurrence: 2) own = road 2) gro + pase by 3) sung 88: 4) Héu wah = "You're welco: 5) Sitinn « Shatin, a village in the New Territori: Kong 6) tiandouheus = arrive back 7) hou waan ge deihfong = fun plac 8) Nah = used to attract attention. of. English ‘Liatent ne = gee (someone) off on a plane of Hong amusing placCANTONESE BASIC COURSE 9) flinging = scenery 10) Louk road a) fk louh = know the road; know your way around 12) Mat ahstk 0? 12) piu = ticket V. SAY If IN CANTONS! A. You eay to the person sitting next to your 1. How many hours a day do you study Cantonese? 2, How many planes te the U.S. fare there a day? How long does it take to walk to the Star Ferry? eroaa the harbor by ferry (ship). 5. It takes more than two hours by care 6. How long have you studied English? How Long hae Hr. Chang been ‘in Japan? Shen will Mr, Lau be back? from Hong Kong to Japan? 10. How come you didn't go with your wife and children on vacation in Tainan? (go to Taivan on excursion) Li. It's 80 slow to go by ship-- Why are you going by ship? (speaker expected th to take @ plane) 12, Itte very nice to go by ship, ‘why do you want to fly? ng B. And he repli Tt takes about 15 minutes to How long does it take by ship What do you mean, not know? 1, very day I etuay five or ix hours, 2. There are four or five a aay. 3. Tt takes about 20 minute ‘to walk. If you take a cab it's just five minutes. 4. Not sot It doesn't require 15 minutes to get acroa it takes only 10 minute 5. It's faster by train-it ‘takes just an hour and a half. 6. More than two years. 2. Over a weeks 8. He'll be back in an hour. Pleage call back leter. 9. Tt takes a little over five days by ship. 10. I've been very busy recently and eo I couldn't go ¢ going by ship becaus I'm afraid of taking planes. 12, ve have to reach Jashington on the 15th, so we don't have time to go by ship.LESSON 20, CANTONESE BASIC COURSE 13. What tine does the bus leave? 13, At quarter after. 1b, What tine does the next train 1b. At 10135, to the New Territories leave? 15. Would you prefer te take the «15. Either one--But I think bus to the Fesk, or the maybe the cable oar, cable car? 16, Whst tise does Mies Chang's 6. T don't know, you'll have plane leave? to ask ber, Yoosbulary Checklist for Lesson 20 Le ea be 4 5 aw. 9. a. 22, 2. lan i flight, trip voyage Mesure bias at bus obéh yehtole Gov! travel by Yehtole, go ty vehicle cht £60n8 Co¥+01 go by train, take the train asap yebiole Co¥/r: travel ty vehiole; take yehicles catch vebiel AB Vout: verb suf. ‘oun,' table to,! indiosting physical ability mt text Qi: why? a: hour (length of tive) nr airplane ni airport mi train, mi femily members Phi every week Phi every month Phi every year indchtt Por con't make it in tiney Churry-not-make 1¢] ‘shatng Louk Co¥+01 go on foot aby Bt Phi the next K hab yBt dan ob’ Par the next trip of the vehtole nat vi start off, set out, (for vehicles) Laanmen’, i cable oar, Peak Tran Lontnnding YO: excursion 120CANTONESE BASIC COURSE ESSON 20 Spt every, each vi frightened of, be afraid of mut three or four - an approximate number Pa: the Peak nut a few more then 10 Put the Nev Territories 30. ayth cg: therefore 31 epinn nt ehip, ferry 32. titmg person yBtchiih ¥ hr ¥ together with person 35. yahtyaht Par every day 051 because sbyihn... POJs decanse. 03: furthermore CoV: cause, make (someone do something) therefore...5 wine 38. yiu length of tine Yi takes length of tine 39. yihnldsn MA/n 1 Yasioally; baste, origin 40, Yihnldin hain gia ge Phi Oh oo that's why. So that's the reason! aaaLi 1. BASIC CONVERSATION CANTONESE BASIC COURSE A. Buiidup: (It's February in flong Kong, and a native of Hong Kong is talking about the weather with a native of Taivan:) Bindeinydha dung cold aht hdu dung bot dunggvo kihayaht dungero kihayant hou 43 Wath a, Giayaht dungero kihayant Bandeshyahn ite 44 dung sthein sineih dou Yihyaht stheth dou haih ji dung ge la. ‘Boayedenyine yinttin laahngtin yinttin hu, yfkwaank Yeanngtin nou a? 0k: Gin, néih gokdike yinttin hou, yikwoahk 1éahngtin nou a? Bindethyahn gay béigamu houal Ngoh wah yinttIn béigaau woudl laak. ae Gosh it's cold today! colder than y erday much colder than yeaterday Sure ie, Today is a lot colder ‘than yeaterday, Fobruary in alwaya the coldest (aonth)« ther; summer ther; winter F good, or winter (ies, mich $8 g008? better?) feel, consider Do you think sumfer is better, of winter is better? comparatively, in comparison in comparison better I think summer is a bit better,CANTONESE BASIC COURSE LESSON 21 Yaowaih ngéh ji pa dung ‘fear-cold-the-nost-one] tihng _x_ yatyeunng se the sane a0 x tinned weather Téihwiian ge tinhei haih abhaih Is the weather in Taiwan the tihng nfdouh yatyounng ga? 20 an here? TBthedanyinn Juhng Adj-at even more Adj, even Adj-or juhng dungdf even colder Téihwaan ge laahagt{n jubng ‘Taiwan's winter is even colder, dungaf the Bindethydne ain a? or afayéung? how 1 1t? Gas, yinttIn dim a? What's the summer like? ‘Téihwaanyaha tihng afdoun chdands about Like thie (with this approximately the same) ap damp éuh gam sap not so danp duh afdouh gam sap not as damp as here ‘Nahng aTdouh chiindS, daabnhaih About the same as here, but not oun afdoun gan sip. so danp as be: bet in comparison 22 ade -1_stn comparison with 2, is better. (or) 1 is better than _2 Hong Kong's weather ts Héunggéng tinhes ‘Teihwian now better than Taiwan’ Gim, ngdh wah Héunggéng tinhes In that case, I say Hong Kong béd Teihwaan bou-- woather is better than ‘Taiwan! e-- Yanwaih agdh ihpa ofp, ji pa Because Z don't mind the dasp, dung. but I can't stand the cold. 125Lisson CANTONESE BASIC COURSE gdh fauh wah Ngdh jauh wah TSihwdan tinhed Héunggéng hou leak. yeath ngéh ahpa dung j4 pa sip ‘Toahydanydhn I then say +... I in response aay oe Well I say Taiwan's weather te better than Hong Kong! Because I'a not bothered by cold but I can't stand damp (weather)! Rocapitulatior ae February in Hong Kong and = native of Hong Kong is talking about the Bindeihyihn Gdayant nou dung bo. BSthwianyihe Hath a, Giayaht dunggwo ‘ihayaht héudd, Bindeinyahe Wihyubt stheth ddu hath Ji dung oeun th gokd&k yihttin héu, agtin héu a? Bindeibyaha Ngdh wah yinttin béigeau héuel laak. ih ngéh $4 pa dung ge. ylkwaahk ‘Teihwian ge tinhet hath dhhain ‘tihng nféouh yityeuhng ga? ‘Teibwianyiha ‘Tethwian ge ldahngtin jubng dungat tie, 12h wher with a native of Taiwa Go Atte cold today. Sure is, Today is @ lot colder than yesterday, bruary is always the coldest nonth. Do you think auaner is better, or winter is better? I think summer ia a bit nicer, jause what I hate most ie cold weather. Te the w ther in Taiwan the jane a here? ‘TaLeai winter is even colder,CANTONESE BASIC COURSE LESSON 22 Bindethyahn a, yinttin fe a? What's the sumer like? Téihwaayahn ‘Nihng nidouh chaihdd, daahnhaih About the same as here, but not bub nfdoun gan sap. #0 damp as here. Bandethyaho ngdh wah Hounggong tinhet. In that ease, I say Hong Kong’ bat Tdihedan hdu--Tanwath ugh weather 40 better than apa sp, Ji pa dung. ‘Taiwan’ s--Because I don't ming the damp, but T can’t stand the cold. ‘TBdnvianydhn Ngdh Jauh woh Téthedan tinhet Well I say Taiwan's weather is vét Héunggéng néu lank, better than Hong Kong Ydnwaih ngéh ahpa dung ji pa Beca ‘I'm not bothered by cold sip! but T ca ¥ etand the damp! TI. Noras Ay Gulture Notes. tayears old’ (for people). ‘The Chinese count a child as being one year old at birth. At every Chinese New Year (lunar new year) thereafter, one more year is added, rather than adding a year on the anniversary of the date of birth. Since the system of counting age @iffers in Bnglich and Chinese, ‘-years old! is only an approximate rendering of the tera A Chinese who is 17. he may be 15, by Western reckoning. may be 16, or (see Dri 5) 125ssgom 21 CANTONESE BASIC COURSE structure Hoter 1, Seaparieon forme in Cantonese. a, Sintlarity of tvo mubstantives is expressed os: 1) A ting B obiithdd (gam Adj.) A is about like B. A tihng B yBtyouhng (gam Aaj.) A 4 like B. A 4a about a Adj. a0 B, Ate as Adj. as B. Bit 1, Giayaht tihng kibayaht Today 1s the sane as yeeyouing. yesterday. 2. Giayaht tihng kAbayaht Today and youterday are aad. ‘about the sane. 3. Gimyaht tihng kahmyaht ‘Today and are ytyeunnt gam yint. equally hot. 4, vdunsiul tihng 44 05 chiahdS — viaming and playing ball ‘gum yah cheuinoih. ‘are about oqually interesting. (See BC and Driti 9) 2) Sp.-Itu.-M (-1) y&tyeuhng gam Adj. These 2 Me are equally Adj. Be: NE Lhung gin (yiniu) Tose two (raincoats) are yityeuing gan ged. ‘equally expensive, (Seo Dri 9) 3) (A,2) Young 88a chddhd8/yBtyeukng (gan Adj). A and B, these ‘vo things are the sane (are equally Alle + Bx Gaayaht kdmyaht, Leung yoht Today and yesterday--the two Gu chithaS gen yint. fare both about equally hot. bs Dissimilarity of two substantive 1) Waen two substantives (AB) are stated: 8) & Ads-gvo Ate nore Add. than Be Ber 1, Kéuth gbugvo ngth, He 4e teller than I, 2, Dé DB youn cheuinethgvo Playing bell is nore inter- ak plas. esting than playing mahjong. (S00 30 and Drill 4) >) A bat BAL. = Ay Am comparison to By S8 more All. Bx: Weunggong bé1 PSihwian eilp, Hongkong 48 damper than ‘Taiwan. (See 30) 126CANTONESE BASIC Ci OURSE Lassox 21 ©) A mouh B gam Ad}, = A 18 not as Adf. ac Be Ext 1, Kéuth méuh ngdh gaa gu, 2, Daap eyihn mbuh daap £8ig81 gan feat. He's not as tall as I. ‘Taking a ship ien't as fast taking @ plane, (See BC and Drille 7, 12) 4) Dissintterity by X snout 18 expressed: 2) A AAj-guo B Nu-H (or indefinite anount) Bxr 1, Kéuth gbugvo agéh yBt chyan. 2. Kéuth gi siuaia. ngbh ‘Ade nore Adj than B by X anount. Ho 4e teller than T by one inch, He 49 an inch taller than I. Ho is a little bit taller ‘than 1. (See Bo and Drill 6) 2) A vit B ay Huct/indef = ‘amount para Be: Kéuth bot ngéh gba yBt chyun. Ay in comparison to B, is Ad} ‘than B by X amount. He 4e taller than I by one inch. 2) when one substantive is stated, and compared to snother which 1s not stated, the substantive oocupios subject position, and the comparison oocuptes predicate position. a) Substantive Adj. Ber 1, NE gihn leng, 2, Tolhwian yiht. >) Substantive Adj-a3, Bx: NI gihn lengaf. 2) Substantive béigamu Adj(-at). Be: Tolhwlan tubes bésgaau yiht at. (See BC) 127 Substantive is Adj-or, (See Lesson 8, Note 2.0.2, p.104) Thin one te prettier. Taiwan is hotter (than the other place under @tacussion). Substantive is a little Adj~ This one is a little prettier. Substantive 18 comparatively (Zee. in somparison to the other substantive under Atscussion) Adj-or. ort Substantive te fairly Adj. (in ‘comparison to other meabors of samo category.) ‘Taivan’ veather is relatively hot (4n comparison to other places) = ‘shotter than the other places under digcussion,