MODULE 4.

DESIL, PERCENTILE, AND DISPERSION MEASURE

General Instructional Objectives:

• Able to understand how to calculate deciles, percentiles and Dispersion Measures.
• Able to understand the differences in Dispersion measures
Specific Instructional Purposes
1. Able to understand how to calculate decile values
2. Able to understand how to calculate percentile values
3. Able to understand how to calculate absolute and relative dispersal values
4. Able to make a slope curve

1. DESILE
(from Wahyu Utomo)
If the data set is divided into 10 equal parts, it is obtained nine divisors and each divisor is called
a decile (D1, D2,…., D9). Deciles determined by:
a. Arrange data in order of value
b. Find the location of the decile
c. Determine the decile value

Decile location ( in ) = data to

Where i = 1, 2, ….., 9

The decile values of the frequency distribution, where i = 1, 2,… .., 9:

Where:
• b : lower class edge Di is the class where Di is located.
• p : class length Di
• n : sample size or the number of data
• F : the sum of all frequencies before class Di
• f : class frequency Di
PERCENTILE

If the dataset is divided into 100 equal parts, we get 99 the divisor and each divisor are called
percentiles (P1, P2,…., p99). Percentile determined by:
a. Arrange data in order of value
b. Find the location of the percentile
c. Determine the percentile value

Data Percentile location :

where i = 1, 2,… .., 99

Percentile value of the frequency distribution with i = 1, 2,… .., 9

where:
b : lower class edge Pi where the Pi located
p : class length Pi
n : sample size or number of data
F : sum all frequencies before class Pi
f : class frequency Pi

DISPERSION SIZE

General Instructional Objectives:

Students are able to understand how to calculate the size of absolute and relative disperse and
the form of skeweness and kurtosis.

Specific Instructional Objectives:

1. Students are able to understand homogeneous and heterogeneous data
2. Students are able to understand data dispersion
3. Students are able to understand the range of data
4. Students are able to understand average deviation
5. Students are able to understand variance
6. Students are able to understand standard deviation
7. Students are able to understand the slope of the data distribution
8. Students are able to understand the tightness of data distribution

Some of the material is obtained from:

HOMOGENOUS AND HETEROGENOUS DATA

I. 50,50,50,50,50
II. 30,40,50,60,70
III. 20,30,50,70,80

The three data groups have the same arithmetic mean, namely:
𝑥̅ = 50
However, when plotted in graphical form, it will produce a different data distribution pattern. This
is the focus of data dispersion.

DATA DISPERSION SIZE

Data Dispersion is a measure of the spread of a data group towards
data center.
The type:
1) Absolute dispersion
- Range (Range)
- Mean Deviation
- Variance (Variance)
- Standard Deviation
- Quartile Deviation
2) Relative dispersion
Coefficient of Variation (Coefficient of Variation)
 1. RANGE
The range is the distance between the maximum data value and the minimum value,
written as: r = maximum value - minimum value
The smaller the r value, the better the data quality, vice versa the greater the r value, the less
good the quality.

2. AVERAGE DEVIATION
The average deviation is: the sum of the absolute values of the difference between all values
with
the average value divided by the number of data.
There are formulas for grouped and non-grouped data.

Ungrouped data :

Grouped data :

Example :
 2. VARIANCE

The variance is the average of the difference between all data values and the calculated mean
value.

For ungrouped :

Or

For the Grouped Data :

Or

DEVIATION STANDARDS

Standard deviation is the square root of Variance.

For the ungrouped data :

Or
For the Grouped data :

Or

Example :

Therefore :
Calculating Variance and Standard Deviation can also use Code (U).

Example :

DATA DISTRIBUTION SKEWNESS

The skewness of the data distribution indicates the degree or measure of the asymmetry of a
data distribution.

There are 3 formulas:

1. Pearson
2. The moment
3. Bowley

1. Pearson Formula

Or
α = Pearson slope skewness

if :
α = 0, symmetrical distribution
α < 0, the data is skewed to the left
α > 0, the data is skewed to the right

2. The Moment Formula

For the grouped data :

For the ungrouped data :

Or

if :
α3 = 0, symmetrical distribution
α3 < 0, the data is skewed to the left
α3 > 0, the data is skewed to the right

3. Bowley Formula

1. If Q3 - Q2 = Q2 - Q1 or Q3 + Q1 - 2Q2 = 0 then α = 0, symmetrical distribution

2. if Q1 = Q2 then α = 1, the data is skewed to the right
3. if Q2 = Q3 the α = -1 the data is skewed to the left.
DATA DISTRIBUTION SHARPNESS

The sharpness of data distribution or also known as kurtosis is a degree or a measure of

the height of the peak of a data distribution to the distribution data normally.
There are 3 types:
1. Leptokurtis, the peak is relatively high
2. Mesokurtis, the peak is normal
3. Platikurtis, low peak

For the ungrouped data :

For the grouped data :