Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1000
Early Chinese Inoculation
Several accounts from the 1500s describe smallpox inoculation as practiced in China and
India Emperor K'ang Hsi, who had survived smallpox as a child, had his children inoculated.
That method involved grinding up smallpox scabs and blowing the matter into nostril.
Inoculation may also have been practiced by scratching matter from a smallpox sore into the
skin. It is difficult to pinpoint when the practice began, as some sources claim dates as early as
200 BCE.
1661
Royal Support of Inoculation
When Chinese Emperor Fu-lin died of smallpox, his third son became Emperor K’ang. Having
already survived a case of smallpox before he became Emperor, he eventually supported
inoculation and wrote about it in a letter to his descendants
1545
Smallpox Epidemic in India
Some 8,000 children died in Goa, India, from a smallpox epidemic most likely introduced by the
Portuguese.
1612
Typhoid Fever Strikes Royalty
Henry Prince of Wales, the oldest son of King James I, died at age 18 after a “short illness”
which was not identified or described other than as a fever.
In 1882, Norman Moore, MD, published “The Illness and Death of Henry Prince of Wales in
1612.” Based on his studies of the autopsy on the prince as well as detailed descriptions of the
illness, Moore alleged that the prince had died of typhoid fever. If he was correct (today it is
generally assumed that he was) this would have been the earliest English case of typhoid fever
on record.
1657
Measles Appears in Boston
In Boston, John Hull wrote in his diary that “the disease of measles went through the town,” but
fortunately there were very few deaths.
4/21/1721
The First English Variolation
Lady Mary Montagu brought the practice of variolation to England, where she had Dr. Charles
Maitland variolate her two-year-old daughter.
Lady Montagu would come under considerable criticism for advocating variolation, a practice
that slowly began to spread as its ability to protect against smallpox became apparent. The
results, however, were sometimes fatal: two to three percent of those variolated died of smallpox
(in contrast to 20-30% who died after contracting smallpox naturally). What’s more, variolated
individuals could pass the disease on to others.
1747
Philadelphia Avoids an Outbreak
With Philadelphians aware that yellow fever had been traced to the West Indies, a vessel arriving
in the city from Barbados was examined carefully. After the captain reported the death of a sailor
as well as a second possible case of yellow fever, the ship was held in anchor more than a mile
from the city and prevented from unloading cargo or passengers. Reports later indicated that
Barbados was suffering from a serious outbreak of the disease at the time. The authorities’
actions in holding the ship may have prevented its further spread into Philadelphia.
Mitos # 1: Kekebalan alami lebih baik daripada kekebalan yang didapat dari vaksin.
Dalam beberapa kasus, kekebalan alami - yang berarti benar-benar menangkap suatu penyakit
dan sakit - menghasilkan kekebalan yang lebih kuat terhadap penyakit daripada
vaksinasi. Namun, bahaya dari pendekatan ini jauh lebih besar daripada manfaat relatifnya. Jika
Anda ingin mendapatkan kekebalan terhadap campak, misalnya, dengan tertular penyakit, Anda
akan menghadapi kemungkinan 1 dari 500 kematian akibat gejala Anda. Sebaliknya, jumlah
orang yang mengalami reaksi alergi parah dari vaksin MMR, kurang dari satu dalam satu juta .
Mitos # 2: Kebersihan dan sanitasi yang lebih baik sebenarnya bertanggung jawab atas
penurunan infeksi, bukan vaksin.
Vaksin tidak layak mendapatkan semua kredit untuk mengurangi atau menghilangkan tingkat
penyakit menular. Sanitasi yang lebih baik, nutrisi, dan pengembangan antibiotik juga banyak
membantu. Tetapi ketika faktor-faktor ini diisolasi dan tingkat penyakit menular diperiksa, peran
vaksin tidak dapat disangkal.
Adapun bahaya langsung dari vaksin, dalam bentuk reaksi alergi atau efek samping yang parah,
kejadian kematian sangat langka sehingga mereka bahkan tidak dapat benar-benar
dihitung. Sebagai contoh, hanya satu kematian yang dilaporkan ke CDC antara tahun 1990 dan
1992 yang disebabkan oleh vaksin. Tingkat kejadian keseluruhan reaksi alergi parah terhadap
vaksin biasanya ditempatkan sekitar satu kasus untuk setiap satu atau dua juta suntikan.
Adapun yang harus difahami disini yaitu tentang KIPI (sudah dijelaskan sblmnya)
kapan perlu diperiksakan?
Mitos # 5 : Vaksin merupakan akal2an negara barat/ konspirasi wahyudi, uang dibalik
imunisasi?
Vaksin haram?