OPERATION EMITTER BASE BIAS COLLECTOR BASE BIAS BIASED PNP TRANSISTOR LEAKAGE CURRENT EMITTER CURRENT COLLECTOR CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS INPUT PARAMETERS OUTPUT PARAMETERS TRANSISTOR CONNECTIONS COMMON BASE CONNECTION COMMON BASE NPN TRANSISTOR CB CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT COMMON BASE CONNECTION CURRENT AMPLIFICATION FACTOR ALPHA EXPRESSION FOR COLLECTOR CUREENT IC COLLECTOR CURRENT COMMON EMITTER CONNECTION BASE CURRENT AMPLIFICATION FACTOR BETA RELATION BETWEEN ALPHA AND BETA EXPRESSION FOR COLLECTOR CURRENT IC SIGNIFICANCE OF BETA COMMON COLLECTOR CONNECTION CURRENT AMPLIFICATION FACTOR GAMA RELATION BETWEEN GAMA AND ALPHA RELATION BETWEEN GAMA AND BETA EXPRESSION FOR COLLECTOR CURRENT IC LEAKAGE CURRENT IN TRANSISTOR TRANSISTOR HEAT AMBIENT TEMP INCREASES LEAKAGE CURRENT INCREASES IC INCREASES HEAT OF TRANSISTOR INCREASES REGENERATIVE DESTRUCTIVE PROCESS OF BJT PROCESS. TO AVOID THERMAL RUNAWAY SELF BIASING OF TRANSISTOR AMBIENT TEMPERATURE INCREASES ICO INCREASES VE WILL INCREASE IB DECREASES INCREASE IN IC NEED OF BIASING CONCLUSION BIASING OPERATING POINT QUIESCENT POINT STABILITY FACTOR S FIXED BIAS CONFIGURATION