Case study - 1

2 ebZ 2020 dks egkjk’Vª ds pUnziqj ftys ds , lh lh QSDVªh esa dke djus okys >kj[k.M ds etnwj
lk;dy ls 14 etnwj lk;dy [kjkc gksus ds dkj.k fiFkkSjk ds gkbos :ds gq, Fks lk;dy cukus ds uke
ls mUghsa ds lkFk jk;iqj vkS|ksfxd {ks= mjyk ls ok;Zl daiuh esa dke djus okys 12 yksx Fks tks lk;dy
ij gh csLV caxky ds eSnuh iqj tk jgs Fks A 1 O;fDr ftudk uke feFkqu gS mldk iSj lk;dy ds gSf.My
esa yx tkus ds dkj.k cM+k ?kko gks x;k Fkk ftlds otg ls gkbos is cj isM+ ds fups fiFkkSjk esa foJke dj
jgs Fks tSls eq>s irk pyk eS muds ikl xbZ muls ckrfpr dh 7 fnu ls yxkrkj lk;dy ls vk jgs dkQh
Fkds gq, Fks mUgs ckgkj esa dksbZ lg;ksx ugh feyk ] u [kkus dk u okgu dk muds iSjksa esa lk;dy pykdj
lwtu Fkk o ,d O;fDr dks cq[kkj Fkk rqjar muds fy, laxBu ds ek/;e ls idk gqvk Hkkstu o jkLrs ds
fy, lw[kk jk”ku ikuh fn;k x;k o mudk lk;dy cuk;k x;k vkSj mudks fd/kj fd/kj ls tkus gS mUgsa
lh/kk jkLRkk crk;k x;k ] jkLrk crkus ds ckn dkSu&dkSu dgka dgka lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ feysaxsa mudks ge
yksxks us Hkh lwfpr fd;kA tSls fd jkph okyks ds fy, jk;x<+ esa :dsaxsa rks fMxzh HkkbZ iwjk enn dh] t”kiqj
esa eerk th enn fd, ] jkaph esa Qknj tks”k enn fd, mlh rjg osLV caxky tkus okyksa dks lw[kk vukt
ds lkFk Hksts Fks mudks cM+x<+ ftys esa iq’ik th o ckyfd”kksj HkkbZ enn fd;s A lEyiqj esa osLV caxky okyksa
ds lkFk cgqr cM+h ?kVuk ?kVh jkr dks 7 cts 3 yksx vkdj ;g dgdj mUgs ysdj x, fd Hkkstu nsxs o
foJke gsrq LFkku nsaxsa fdUrq os 3 yksx pkdw fn[kkdj mu lcdk tks dqN Hkh iSlk o eksckby Fkk og lc
ywVdj ysdj ysx, eSus tks UkEcj fn;k Fkk mlls eq>s jks jksdj dkWy fd, gekjk lc dqN 3 yksxks us ywVdj
ys x;k eS mUgsa lEyiqj eas Fkkuk esa fjiksVZ djus dh lykg nh lkFk gh ogka ds Vh vkbZ ls Hkh Qksus ls ckr
dh mUkls vkxzg fd dh mUgs fdlh rjg ls caxky ds esnuhiqj igqapk;k tk, ysfdu ogka ds Fkkuk izHkkjh esjs
ikl gka gka cksys vkSj mu 12 yksxksa dks jkr esa gh vk/kh taxy esa NksM+dj vk x, A os cgqr Hk;Hkhr o
Mjs gq, Fks ogka ls dksbZ Qksu Hkh ugh yxrk fdlh rjg Hkw[ks I;kls jkrs dkVs fQj lqcg lk;dy ls fudys
A 2 ebZ ls fudys gq, osLV caxky okys fdlh rjg jksrs fcy[krs 12 ebZ 2020 dks esnuhiqj igqaps ogka
igqapus ds ckn gesa crk;k fd ge yksx igqap x, gS a dksjsUVkbu ij gS 11 fnu ds lk;dy lQj esa mu
lcdk rfc;r cgqr [kjkc Fkk lc chekj iM+ x, Fks ogka MkWDVj dks cksydj viuk bykt djk;s eS muds
fLFkfFk ds ckjsa esa lc txg okVl ,i esa Hksth laosnu”khy yksxks ls vihy dj mudk ,dkmaV uEcj Hksth
rks cSaxyksj ds iz”kkar HkkbZ vkSj muds nksLrksa Onkjk lHkh 26 yksxks ds ,dkamaV esa nks&nks gtkj :i;s Mky
fn;k x;k mudks iSlk feyus ds ckn mUgksus Qksu djds eq>s crk;k fd gesa iSlk fey x;k gS vc gekjh
rch;r Bhd gSA blh rjg >kj[k.M okys Hkh ?kj igqapdj dkWy dj ckrk, fd vki yksxks us gekjk cgqr
vPNk enn fd;s ge lcds ,dkmaV esa iSlk vk x;k gS blh rjg iwjk lk;dy ;k=k dk;ZLFky ls ysdj
vius fuokl LFky rd cM+s la?k’kZ ds lkFk mUgksus lQj r; fd;k muds ifjokj okyksa us Hkh /kU;okn fd;k
A
Case study - 2

10 ebZ 2020 dks mfM+lk ds Cykd <sdkukj ds vksM+kikjk iapk;r ds eaxyqiqj xkao ekuiqj ds ikl bZV
HkVBk dk ekfyd xxu fcgkj ds ikl x;s Fks A
ls iou lrukeh dk esjs ikl Qksu vk;k mu yksx xzke dksleljk Cykd dlMksy ftyk cykSnkcktkj ds
fuoklh gSA tks vkB ekg igys bZaV cukus ds fy, xxu fcgkjh ds HkVBk esa bZaV cukus dk dke dj jgs Fks
dksjksuk egkekjh ds pyrs og yksx cgqr Mjs os lgesa gq, Fks Qksu dj cksys ge ?kj vkuk pkgrs gS xzke
Mksdjikyh ls Hkh 14 yksx ]dksleljk ls 18 yksx gS dqy 32 yksx gS gekjh enn djksa rc geus iou ls
dgk fd eq>s vkids ekfyd xxu fcgkjh ls ckr djkvksa vkSj eS xxu fcgkjh ls ckr dj cksyh fd vki
fdlh Hkh rjg ls vki ?kj igqapkvksa
ojuk vkids mij ,Q vkbZ vkj djsaxsa
vki dksbZ etnwj dks tcju ugh jksd
ldrs os okil vkuk pkgrs gS mUgs
Hkstuk gksxk vkSj mfM+lk ds lkFkh jkts”k
HkkbZ o iq’ik th dks Qksu dj cksyh dh
ogka ds etnwj Qals gq, gS o ijs”kku
gS A mUgsa fdlh rjg NRrhlx<+ igqapkuk
gSA esjs Onkjk yxkrkj ncko cukus ds
ckn 20 ebZ dks cl dh O;oLFkk dj
bZaV HkVBk ekfyd xxu fcgkjh Onkjk
fiFkkSjk NksM+k x;k lqcg 3 cts 21 rkfj[k dks esjs ikl dkWy vk;k fd ge yksx fiFkkSjk igqap x, tSls dkWy
vk;k eS muds ikl x;h nsosUnz ds lkFk muls ckrfpr fd pwM+k vkSj “kDdj feykdj mudks uk”rk nh mlds
ckn Mksdjikyh ljiap dk uEcj ekaxdj Qksu dh fd vki rRdky VsªDVj Hkstks oSls gh dksleljk ds ljiap
dks Qksu dj VªsDVj eakxok, vkSj mudks lqcg 6 cts xkao Hkst fn;s dksjsUVkbu esa jgus dh lykg fn;k
x;k A ;s dqy 32 yksx nfyr vkSj vkfnoklh Fks vkfnoklh esa daoj vkSj /kzqo Fks nfyr esa lrukeh tkfr
ds Fks A vius&vius xkao esa dksjsUVkbu esa tkus ds ckn Ldwyksa esa mudk O;oLFkk fd;k x;k tgka ij u
ykbV Fkh ] u ikuh Fkk ] u dksbZ njh Fkk dksleljk okys igys ls gh ogka ij fxriqjh ds 70 yksx Fks
dksleljk okys ds tkus ds ckn buds tkus ds ckn 88 yksx gsk x, A brus yksxksk ds fy, ,d gh “kkSpky;
Fkk iapk;r Onkjk dksbZ O;oLFkk ugh Fkh [kkus ihus ds fy, ] ?kj ls lw[kk vukt eaxkdj [kk jgs Fks A tc
esjs ikl Qksu vk;k fd nhnh gekjs ikl dksbZ O;oLFkk ugh gks jgk gS ge ?kj ls [kkuk ekaxkdj [kk jgs gS
rc eSus muls dgk fd ,d fofM;ksa fDyi cukvksa lksf”k; fMLVsaflax dk ikyu djrs gq, ekLd yxkdj ,d
fofM;ksa cukdj esjs ikl Hkstks rc mu yksxks us fofM;ksa cukdj esjs ikl Hksts ] eS ml fofM;ksa dks jk;iqj
,e Mh Vh oh esa Hkst nh ftlds pyrs iwjk gM+de ep x;k iwjk vf/kdkjh dksleljk igqps ] i=dkj yksx
igqps vkSj mudk O;oLFkk gqvk dy mu yksx dksjsUkVkbu ls fudydj ?kj pys x, A yxkrkj Qksu vkrk
gS mudk vkSj ge vPNs gS djds [kcj fn;sA bldk eq[;k mnns”; gS fd yksx cksysaxs rc mudks mudk
vf/kdkj feysxk A
Case study - 3

11 ebZ 2020 dks cykSnkcktkj ftyk ds dlMksy Cykd ds dqlx<+ xkao ds esyk jke dk Qksu vk;k fd
ge yksx mfM+lk iwjh ds ckVkseaxyk vyfd;k esa bZaV HkVBs esa dke dj jgs Fks gekjs ekfyd dk uke lqdkar
laxr gS dksjksuk egkekjh ds pyrs ge yksxks us feydj Fkkuk es f”kdk;r fd;s fd ge ?kj tkuk pkgrs gS
gekjs fy, xkM+h dh O;oLFkk fd;k tk, rc iqfyl okyksa Onkjk xkM+h dk fdjk;k fd;k x;k rc ,d&,d
O;fDr dks ,d gtkj ge dqy 10 O;fDr gS
rks 10 gtkj nsuk iM+k vkSj gesa fidvi esa
[kfj;kj jksM+ rd NksM+ fn;s rc [kfj;kj jksM+
ls ge yksx iSny&iSny fiFkkSjk igqaps A eS
muls feyh Fkkuk okyks ls ckrfpr fd;s fQj
11 ebZ dks ?kj dqlx<+ igqaps A ;s yksx ca/kqvk
etnwjh ls iquZokl ik;s Fks N-x- eqfDr ekspkZ
ls tqM+s gq, Fks laxBu ds yksx gS bl fy, os
Fkkuk tkuk vius ge o vf/kdkj fy, ]
dksjksUVkbu esa tkdj Hkh viuh yM+kbZ yM+s ]
ikuh dh ekax fd;s o lw[kk vukt dh ekax
fd;s vkSj [kqn cukdj [kk;s bu lcds fy,
mudks yM+uk iM+k rc mudks feyk A
 vkt lqcg 5 cts
gkbos dydrk ls
cEcbZ ekxZ ij dqy
12 yksx [kM+s Fks A
eq>s fiFkkSjk ik’kZn
Hkhek Onkjk Qksu dj
lwpuk fn;k x;k rks
eS gkobs ij cl
Onkjk mrkj fn;k
x;k gS os cPpks ds
lkFk cSBs gq, gS
muls ckr djus ij
irk pyk fd
gSnjkckn fejpky esa
bZV HkVBs ij dke
djus x,s Fks tc
mudk dksjksuk egkekjh ds ckjs esa irk pyk rks ?kj vkus ds fy, b/kj m/kj HkVds vkSj ,d cl esa N-x-
ds yksx vk jgs Fks mlesa mudks izfr O;fDr 1 gtkj dqy 11 gtkj nsdj jk;iqj rd igqaps A ukxs”oj dks
iwNk x;k ekfyd Onkjk iSlk fn;k x;k gS D;k rks crk;k x;k fd ge vkB ekg rd ogka ij dke fd;s
ljnkj Onkjk ?kj vkus ij dksbZ iSlk ugh fn;k x;k A jkLrs esa rhu fnu rd Hkw[ks I;kls bartkj djrs jgs
dh dksbZ gesa vius ?kj igqpk ns A cM+h eqf”dy ls cl feyh vkSj jk;iqj NksM+ nh jk;iqj ls iqfyl okys
fiFkkSjk rd NksM+ fn;s A vc gedks xkao tkuk gS eSa ljiap dk uEcj ekaxdj mudks Vs DVj ekaxok;k x;k
o muds xkao rd NksM+k x;k o mudks lw[kk vukt fn;k x;kA
;s yksx NRrhlx<+ ds egkleqUn ds fiFkkSjk Cykd ds [kijk[kksy fiFkkSjk ls gS A budk Qksu uEcj yh rkfd
mudh tkudkjh fey ldsA
&&nwljk xzqi tks Fkk jkaph ds dkadsj xkao esa dke djus x, 1 ifjokj ds 3 yksx tks gkbos ij Fkk iqfur
V.Mu Onkjk bUgsa dke ds fy, jkaph ys x, vkB ekg rd bZV dk dk;Z fd;s ljnkj Onkjk iSlk dqN ugh
fn;k x;k jkaph ls vk/kk iSny o vk/kk xkM+h ls pydj fiFkkSjk igqaps gS buds ikl [kkus ds dqN leku ugh
Fks ] lkFk esa ;s yksx fiFkkjk u;kikjk okMZ esa jgrs gS buds ikl jgus dks Hkh ?kj ugh gS iwoZ esa muds
lkl&llwj us edku dks csp fn;k Fkk vc muds ikl jksth&jksVh&edku dh leL;k gS geus dqN lw[kk
vukt ns fn;k x;k gS vkx ge buls feyrs jgsaxsaA muds iSjksa esa QksM+k vk x;k gSA yxHkx 100 fdeh os
yksx pydj fiFkkSjk vk;s gSA
Case study – 4

cykSnkcktkj ftyk ds dlMksy Cykd ds egkjkth iapk;r ds 222 yksx iyk;u fd;s gS ftlesa ls 50 yksx
gh vk;s gS A ftles ls ,d ifjokj ehjflax iSadjk dk ifjokj fcgkj ds xxok xkao Bsdsnkj dk uke panwyky
pkSgku us 4 yksxksa dks bZaV dk dke djus ds fy, ys x;k Fkk A ;g ifjokj fcgkj ls fcykliqj dk okgu
[kpkZ ekfyd dk Fkk A ;g ifjokj 5 ekg rd dke fd;k fQj dksjksuk egkekjh ds pyrs viuk xkao vkuk
dh ckr dgh fQj fcykliqj ls dlMksy ljdkjh okgu dlMksy ls egkjkth rd NksVk fidi okgu ls
vk;kA egkjkth dk fiUVw tks psUubZ feL=h dk dke djus x;k Fkk og ,d o’kZ rd psUukbZ esa jgk mls ds
ckn dksjksuk egkekjh ds pysrs ?kj vk;k rks psUukbZ ls cykSnkcktkj dk 6 gtkj :i;s cl dk fdjk;k fn;k
A cykSnkcktkj ls lqdyh ds fy, okgu cqyk;k ftldk [kpZ fu%”kqYd Fkk A lqdyh ls egkjkth ckbd esa
vk;k A bu lHkh dks dksjsUVkbu esa j[kk x;k gS A blesa ykbV ] ikuh ] dh lqfo/kk ugh gS A bUgs ?kj ls
lw[kk vukt [kkuk cukus ds fy, fn;k tkrk gSA