ENZYMES lower activation energy to reach transition state

same amount of products if uncatalyzed or uncatalyzed

name is based on substrate, reaction, source
-ase -in
normally, reactions need high temp and pressure
stereospecific or absolute specificity, linkage specific, group specific
due to affinity of active site: 3D cleft made up of amino acid residues due to IMF

OXIDOREDUCTASE
4. Dehydrogenase: substrate is oxidized and cofactor is reduced
5. Reductase; subtrate gets reduced and cofactor is oxidized
Cofactors: FADH FAD NADPH NADP

TRANSLOCASES
ADN: ATP transport across mitochondira
differential role in apoptosis and cancer

PH
alters charge: affinity

TEMPERATURE

INVERTED SUGAR
Sucrose: right at +66.5 degrees
Fructose and Glucose: to the left at -20 degrees

used in dessert industry

sweetening properties

DNS will not measure the sucrose

If mababa yung lineraity: you can remove one, but add two(?) more

5 point standard

Denatured invertase: not functional

DNS Assay
from 0.01 molar stock solution
(0.01 M)(0.10) = (2.40 + 0.10)(C2)
C2 = 0.004 M -> multiply by 1000

next
C2 = 0.0012 M

x axis: concentrations
but not in terms of molarity
so need to plot as mM

A1 to A12 for blank - average them

below: decrease,
optimum pH: highest amount of product
beyond pH: decrease product, denature enzyme

EFFECT OF PH
invertase with sucrose - glucose and fructose

subtract the denatured enzyme first from the active enzyme

why may denatured protein pa sa blank? to see interference (turbid whether active
or denatured, which raises absorbance reading)

below temperature: less collision, less product

beyond temperature: denaturation, less product

temp is 20 not 25!!

PAGE 54 AVERAGE ABSORBANCE then add CORRECTED ABSORBANCE