Department of Mathematics

MAL 110 (Mathematics I)

Tutorial Sheet No. 4
Differential Equations of First Order
1. Find all solutions of the following equation

(a) y ′ + 2xy = x
(b) xy ′ + y = 3x3 − 1
(c) y ′ + 2xy = xe−x
2

ex−y
(d) y ′ = 1+ex

2. Consider the equation:

y ′ + (cosx)y = e−sinx
Find the solution ϕ which satisfies ϕ(π) = π
3. Consider the equation x2 y ′ + 2xy = 1; 0 < x < ∞

(a) Show that every solution tends to zero as x → ∞

(b) Find every solution which satisfies ϕ(2) = 2ϕ(1)

4. Solve:

(a) y ′ = x−y+2
x+y−1

(b) y ′ = x+y+1
2x+2y−1

5. Find the orthogonal trajectories for the following:

(a) ex − e−y = c
(b) cosx.sinhy = c
(c) y 2 = 4c(c + x)
(d) r = c(secθ + tanθ)

6. The equation below is written in the form M (x, y)dx + N (x, y)dy = 0, where M, N exist on the whole
plane.

(a) Determine whether the following is exact or not

2xydx + (x2 + 3y 2 )dy = 0
(b) Determine whether the following equation is exact or not and solve
ex dx + (ey (y + 1))dy = 0
(c) Determine whether the following equation is exact
cosxcos2 ydx − sinxsin2ydy = 0
(d) Determine whether the following is exact or not
x2 y 3 dx − x3 y 2 dy = 0

7. Consider the equation M (x, y)dx + N (x, y)dy = 0 where M, N have continuous first partial derivatives
on some rectangle R, where R = (x, y) : |x − x0 | ≤ a, |y − y0 | ≤ b. Prove that a function u on R, having
continuous first partial derivatives, is an integrating factor if and only if,
δy − δx ) = N δx − M δy on R.
u( δM δN δu δu

8. Consider the equation M (x, y)dx + N (x, y)dy = 0. If it has an integrating factor u, which is a function of
δy − δx ) is continuous function of x alone.
x alone, then P = N1 ( δM δN

1
 9. Solve
(2xy 2 + y)dx + (2y 3 − x)dy = 0
10. Find a integrating factor of the form xp y q and solve
(4xy 2 + 6y)dx + (5x2 y + 8x)dy = 0
11. Find an integrating factor of the form xp y q and solve
(5x + 2y + 1)dx + (2x + y + 1)dy = 0
12. Find the most general function N (x, y) such that the following equation becomes exact

(a) (x3 + xy 2 )dx + N (x, y)dy = 0

(b) (x−2 y −2 + xy −3 )dx + N (x, y) = 0

13. Solve
dr
Sinθ dθ + 2rcosθ + 1 = 0

14. Solve
(x2 + y)y ′ = 6x
15. Solve
dy
y dx + x = x2 lnx
16. Solve
e3y dx
dy + 3(xe
3y
+ y) = 0
17. Reduce the following 2nd order differential equations to the first order and solve

(a) y ′′ + 9y ′ = 0
(b) y ′′ + e2y .y ′3 = 0

18. By computing appropriate Lipschitz constants, show that the following functions satisfy Lipschitz conditions
on the sets S indicated-

(a) f (x, y) = 4x2 + y 2 , on S : |x| ≤ 1; |y| ≤ 1

(b) f (x, y) = x2 cos2 y + ysin2 x, on S : |x| ≤ 1; |y| < ∞

19. Show that the function f given by f (x, y) = y 1/2 does not satisfy a Lipschitz condition on
R : |x| ≤ 1; 0 ≤ y ≤ 1

20. Compute the Picard’s first three successive approximations

(a) y ′ = 1 + xy, y(0) = 1

(b) y ′ = x + y, y(1) = 2
(c) y ′ = 2xy + 1, y(0) = 0