Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Abstract
S
chools are an important context for children’s social and emotional
development. In classrooms and other school settings, children and
adolescents need to have skills such as managing negative emotions,
being calm and focused, following directions, and navigating
relationships with peers and adults. To build and support these skills,
schools have widely adopted social and emotional learning (SEL)
programs. When well-designed and well-implemented, SEL programs are associated
with positive outcomes; however, effect sizes are generally modest even for the
most promising interventions. This issue of Social Policy Report proposes that
schools should take a new approach: integrating the teaching and reinforcement of
SEL skills into their daily interactions and practices with students. It explains that
research warrants a new perspective and highlights a range of new approaches and
support strategies that are designed to be time-efficient, low-cost, and integrated
with (rather than distracting from) academic curricula. These strategies are
grounded in an organizing framework for SEL and a review of current programmatic
approaches to SEL. They are introduced with a set of principles for creating better
integration of SEL into educational practice and accompanied by recommendations
about the role of policy.
Social Policy Report From the Editors
Volume 26, Number 4 | 2012
ISSN 1075-7031 This issue of Social Policy Report focuses on school’s role in supporting social
www.srcd.org/spr.html and emotional learning (SEL). The tragic shooting at Sandy Hook elementary
Social Policy Report school underscores the importance of families, schools, and communities in
is published four times a year by the collectively supporting the emotional and social development of children and
Society for Research in
Child Development. adults. SEL programs and strategies in schools will not by themselves prevent
horrific events but, when coupled with other policies and practices, will serve
Editorial Team an important role in supporting children’s healthy development. Children
Samuel L. Odom, Ph.D. (Lead editor) need to not only learn academic subjects in school but also develop their abil-
slodom@unc.edu
ity to get along, regulate their emotions, and successfully manage social di-
Kelly L. Maxwell, Ph.D.
maxwell@unc.edu lemmas in order to be successful in life. Yes, schools are increasingly asked to
Iheoma Iruka Ph.D. do more—but Jones and Bouffard present a compelling argument and specific
iruka@unc.edu
ideas for how schools can integrate SEL into the school day so it complements,
Director of SRCD Office for rather than conflicts with, academics. Jones and Bouffard call for increased
Policy and Communications research and practice on strategies that can be integrated throughout the
Martha J. Zaslow, Ph.D.
mzaslow@srcd.org
school day and across multiple school contexts (e.g., classrooms, playground,
cafeteria) to support children’s social and emotional learning. They provide
Managing Editor a framework and discuss the important role of teachers, the classroom and
Amy D. Glaspie school context, and the broader community context in supporting develop-
aglaspie@srcd.org
mental outcomes for children.
Governing Council
Ann Masten Kenneth Rubin Four commentaries accompany the Jones and Bouffard article. David Osher
Greg Duncan Carlos Santos focuses on the importance of providing various supports, such as professional
Lynn Liben Elizabeth Susman learning communities, to ensure that SEL strategies are successfully imple-
Oscar Barbarin Deborah Vandell
Patricia Bauer Thomas Weisner
mented in classrooms. Kathleen Lane calls for more rigorous research on
Robert Crosnoe Susan Lennon, ex officio the effectiveness of SEL strategies before they are implemented widely and
Kenneth Dodge Lonnie Sherrod, ex officio the use of a tiered approach in offering a continuum of services to address
Nancy Hill Martha J. Zaslow, ex officio
children’s varying needs. Janice Jackson expands on the Jones and Bouffard
Richard Lerner
article by providing a more detailed description of an organization devoted to
Policy and Communications Committee supporting SEL in schools. Finally, Meria Carstarphen, Superintendent of the
Barbara H. Fiese Valerie Maholmes Austin Independent School District, shares her school district’s efforts to sup-
Brenda Jones Harden John Murray port students’ SEL.
Nikki Aikens Oscar Barbarin
Maureen Black Steven J. Holochwost
Rachel C. Cohen Lonnie Sherrod, ex officio This issue of SPR differs from the traditional review of previous research
Elizabeth T. Gershoff Martha J. Zaslow, ex officio and instead builds on previous research to offer ideas for new directions and
Tama Leventhal
research. Jones and Bouffard highlight the importance of a range of efforts to
support SEL in schools—and the need to integrate these efforts into the daily
Publications Committee
school life inside and beyond the classroom. Events like those at Sandy Hook
Margaret Burchinal Richard M. Lerner
Ann Easterbrooks Deborah L. Vandell elementary school raise our collective awareness about emotional and social
Noel A. Card Michelle F. Wright health. Let’s work together to strengthen the research on how best to support
Nancy E. Hill W. Andrew Collins, ex officio children’s SEL in schools as well as adults’ implementation of these research-
Roger Levesque Nancy Eisenberg, ex officio
Chris Moore Jeffrey Lockman, ex officio
based efforts.
Velma M. Murry Samuel L. Odom, ex officio
Peter A. Ornstein Angela Lukowski, ex officio
Lonnie Sherrod Jonathan B. Santo, ex officio — Kelly L. Maxwell (Issue Editor)
Judith G. Smetana Samuel L. Odom (Editor)
Iheoma Iruka (Editor)
T
o many educators and parents, it’s common one-fifth to one-third of a standard deviation (Durlak et
sense: children who have strong social and al., 2011). For high-risk students (i.e., those who are
emotional skills perform better in school, identified by teachers as having substantial problems, for
have more positive relationships with example with behavior), effect sizes can range slightly
peers and adults, and have more positive higher to approximately half a standard deviation (Jones,
emotional adjustment and mental health. Brown, & Aber, 2011). These effect sizes are likely limited
Development of these skills begins in the earliest years by a range of factors including wide variation in imple-
but continues throughout childhood and adolescence, mentation quality and the difficulty of finding large
influenced by relationships and social environments, blocks of dedicated time for SEL programming. Perhaps
including informal interactions as well as structured most importantly, and often overlooked, is the fact that
programs. Because children spend a significant portion SEL programs are rarely integrated into classrooms and
of their time in schools, schools are a major context for schools in ways that are meaningful, sustained, and
social and emotional development, growing along with embedded in the day-to-day interactions of students,
and connected to academics. Despite a narrowing of educators, and school staff. Indeed, evaluation research
academic curricula following the passage of the No Child on SEL programs rarely includes a careful description
Left Behind Act, the adoption of social and emotional of implementation benchmarks or fidelity (Domitrovich
learning (SEL) programs in schools and of SEL standards in & Greenberg, 2000), but SEL programs typically occupy
states has grown over the last decade (e.g., Dusenbury, a half-hour lesson on a weekly or monthly basis (e.g.,
Zadrazil, Mart, & Weissberg, 2011).1 This trend is driven Jones, Brown, Hoglund, & Aber, 2010). Like academic
by multiple factors, including accumulating evidence skills, social and emotional skills develop over time and
that many young children are entering school without the in a continuously staged fashion so they must be continu-
social and behavioral skills necessary to succeed (Gilliam ously developed. Even more than academic skills, they
& Shahar, 2006; Raver & Knitzer, 2002; Rimm-Kaufman, must develop in the context of daily life as social chal-
Pianta, & Cox, 2000) as well as public attention to issues lenges and other teaching opportunities arise. As a result,
of school violence, bullying, and harassment (e.g., See- schools cannot meaningfully teach and reinforce SEL skills
ley, Tombari, Bennett, & Dunkle, 2011). during one half-hour per week any more than parents can
Research reviews and meta-analyses find that build these skills during one weekly conversation.
well-designed, well-implemented SEL programs are as- In this issue of Social Policy Report, we propose
sociated with positive social, emotional, behavioral, and that schools integrate the teaching and reinforcement
academic outcomes for children and adolescents (e.g., of SEL skills into their missions and daily interactions
Durlak, Weissberg, Dymnicki, Taylor, & Schellinger, 2011). with students. This may sound like a tall order given the
However, effect sizes are generally modest even for the many responsibilities and accountability pressures facing
most promising interventions. For universal populations educators and schools today. Little things can make a big
(i.e., all students in a classroom or school, regardless of difference, though, from how adults talk to students to
risk status), these effects range between approximately school staff using consistent routines for situations like
1 Social and emotional learning programs tend to refer to those that “foster the transitions and social problem solving (Jones, Brown, &
development of five interrelated sets of cognitive, affective, and behavioral Aber, 2008). Frameworks for social innovation, such as
competencies: self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship disruptive innovations (Rotherham-Borus, Swendeman, &
skills, and responsible decision making” (Durlak et al., 2011, p. 406).
Adapted from collaborative work conducted with Celene Domitrovich as part of the Preschool to Elementary School SEL Assessment Workgroup,
Collaborative for Academic, Social and Emotional Learning (CASEL).
and emotional health and well-being (e.g., lower levels system of contexts, interactions, and relationships. As
of depression and social isolation). The links between the we describe below, this suggests both that schools must
SEL skills and these outcomes do not operate in a vacu- take a systems approach to promoting SEL and that such
um. Quite the contrary, they are influenced by several approaches must be designed to match the needs and
environmental factors and systems. We focus primarily on contexts of individual schools and communities.
school contexts, but it is important to note that SEL skills
are also related to community, family, peer, and other in- Current Approaches to SEL in Education
teractions and influences. Represented in the box at the Based in part on the research that has informed the
left of the figure, school context includes two areas that framework above, the last decade has witnessed rapid
will be addressed later in this paper: school culture and expansion in research and programming focused on
climate as well as effective SEL implementation. (It also enhancing school students’ SEL skills to reduce behavior
includes structural features of schools, such as schedule problems and promote positive social interactions (Clay-
and staffing patterns, which are beyond the scope of this ton, Ballif-Spanvill, & Hunsaker, 2001; Thornton, Craft,
paper and are not represented in the figure.) Students’ Dahlberg, Lynch, & Baer, 2000; Wilson, Lipsey, & Derzon,
SEL skills and the school context factors are both influ- 2003). This period has also witnessed a growing conver-
enced by teachers’ social and emotional competence gence of developmental science and prevention science
and pedagogical knowledge and skills (represented at in guiding the design and evaluation of SEL and related
the top of the figure) as well as community contexts and interventions (e.g., programs designed to prevent ag-
policy (represented at the bottom of the figure). As this gressive and violent behavior; Institute of Medicine,
framework makes clear, SEL skills develop in a complex 1994; Garrard & Lipsey, 2007; National Research Council
The principles of social and emotional development and learning described above–
continuity over time, interconnectedness with academics, salience of relationships,
importance of culture and climate–highlight the need for SEL approaches to be
integrated and embedded in ways that are both deep and wide.
Routines Training and Support for All Teachers, Staff, and Leaders
Classrooms and schools use many kinds of routines to As noted previously, adult training and support for devel-
keep things running smoothly, communicate expecta- oping students’ SEL skills is very limited in most schools
tions, and provide guidance about how to conduct the today. Typically, teachers receive little training in SEL
daily work of education. Routines that promote SEL curricula, and other staff members receive none. Train-
skills can be used by educators and students alike for ing in supporting SEL in ongoing ways (e.g., responding
these purposes. Routines include emotional regulation to student outbursts or conflicts) is virtually unheard of.
and conflict resolution strategies, games that hone at- In order for SEL to become integrated into daily prac-
tention skills, and class council meetings for resolving tice, teachers and other staff need support that will
classroom issues. help them learn how to interact positively with students,
react effectively to emotional and social challenges and
T
his is a timely and im- without effective training and sup- ing. Most teachers change when new
portant article, which port. However, although it remains approaches meet their needs and are
raises many issues. I an empirical question, the challeng- reinforced by people around them.
will focus on one—im- es may be greater for SEL (or other) It helps when the change demanded
plementation of re- strategies, which may be even easier is manageable, consistent with their
search-based social and to dilute. sense of what can work, user-friendly,
emotional learning (SEL) strategies If the effect sizes seen in stud- and supported. Most teachers do
in classrooms, which are (to quote ies are to be realized in practice, not commit to a new approach until
Huberman, 1983) “busy kitchens.” educators must want to implement they master it and see it produce
Teachers must balance simultane- SEL, have the capacity to do so, have outcomes (Huberman & Miles, 1984).
ously many factors involving multiple tools to support this work, and do Without understanding and feedback
students, sometimes in very stressful so with both fidelity and self-reflec- connected to practice, teachers may
contexts, sometimes while trying to tion.. This is particularly important misuse the new approaches, as was
master new programs. Often they given two sets of challenges that found in studies of attempts at imple-
look at another new program—par- Jones and Bouffard identified in their menting new approaches to teaching
ticularly one that does not directly article. The first challenge is insuf- mathematics (e.g., Ball, 1993). Mas-
focus on what they feel accountable ficient dosage, duration, and effec- tery is not easy when teachers lack
for—like deer in headlights. Given tiveness, which will not be elimi- the time, support, or fluency to make
these contingencies, it is likely nated by SEL infusion approaches, if a new approach routine.
that the efficacy-effectiveness gap teachers lack the capacity to imple- Support includes leadership
identified for psychotherapy (Weisz ment SEL strategies effectively. The commitment and addressing fac-
& Jensen, 2001) will be at least as second is fragmentation and margin- tors that interfere with change (for
great for SEL in schools. The training alization, which can lead teachers to example, accountability metrics that
and support educators will need so do the new work in a siloed manner disincentivize the desired change);
that SEL research-based strategies, that still marginalizes it. Educator timely access to reliable and effec-
according to Jones and Bouffard, capacity to do unscripted work with tive training and coaching; quality
“become habits of mind and ways of sufficient dosage and in a non-siloed improvement and assurance proto-
doing business” must address mul- way will be a product of their own cols to provide feedback for course
tiple challenges because teachers social-emotional skills; their under- correction as well as reinforce-
will not be implementing a script or standing of SEL and research-based ment for successes; and reinforce-
turnkey program. To be clear, this SEL strategies and how the proposed ment from their colleagues, ideally
is a problem that SEL programs will approach to SEL enhances desired through informal networks as well
also encounter because it is likely outcomes; their technical mastery through formal professional learning
that the effect sizes reported in the of SEL and other pedagogies; and communities (PLCs). Given the many
meta-analysis by Durlak, Weissberg, perhaps, most importantly, support demands that teachers must balance
Dymnicki, Taylor, and Schellinger for doing this work. in their busy kitchens, leadership
(2011) of what were functionally ef- Change is hard; it often in- must also demonstrate that SEL is
ficacy studies will shrink in practice volves unlearning as well as learn- a priority. Leaders can do so in the
I
n Jones and Bouffard’s paper, Few school-based researchers whether it be via SEL programs;
they provide a rich discussion will disagree with the notion that strategies and practices to integrate
of social and emotional learn- social, emotional, and academic the teaching, practice, and rein-
ing (SEL) describing the various skills are interdependent in nature, forcement of SEL skills; or a combi-
approaches to SEL, guiding collectively important as students nation of these approaches, it may
principles to support an inte- negotiate the multiple demands be wise to begin by (a) testing these
grated approach to SEL, offering a of educational settings (Caprara, approaches according to scientif-
continuum of methods for incorporat- Barbaranelli, Pastorelli, Bandura, & ically-rigorous standards and (b)
ing SEL into regular school practices, Zimbardo, 2000; Malecki & Elliott, preparing for continuum of supports
and discussing policy implications. In 2002; Masten et al., 2005). For ex- according to student need.
considering the main points raised in ample, students need to develop the First, as we explore this shift
their paper, one key proposed con- skills necessary to meet academic in how we address the formidable
sideration was for school-site person- task demands, negotiate relation- task for teaching SEL skills through
nel to integrate the teaching and ships with teachers and peers, and integrated approaches, it will be im-
reinforcement of SEL skills into the be self-determined in their learning. portant to test the efficacy of these
school-site mission as well as daily Because instructional time is at such strategies and practices using scien-
interactions with students, focusing a premium—a precious commodity tifically rigorous methodology. This
on strategies and practices integrated for teachers and student alike— may include single-subject method-
with academic curricula rather than I agree with the call for rigorous ology to determine if a functional
SEL programs, per se. They go on to scientific testing before we, as a relation exists between the introduc-
clarify they are not suggesting SEL research community, recommend the tion of individual or combined sets of
curricula be eliminated, but instead proposed strategies and practices strategies and practices and changes
recommending “a continuum of ap- be fully integrated in regular school in student performance (Horner et
proaches matched to the needs and practices on a large-scale basis (see al., 2005). Or it may involve group-
contexts of each school and a com- Tankersley & Cook, 2013). In other design methodology such as random-
mitment by all schools to make SEL words, we need evidence to suggest ized-controlled trials (Gersten et al.,
part of the business of educating this approach is efficacious before 2005). In both cases, we will require
students.” Furthermore, they also we seek to scale up these practices high quality experimental designs
note while many of the strategies de- using implementation science. with attention to core quality indica-
scribed are “grounded in research on As such, I would like to re- tors needed to establish a body of
how students’ SEL skills develop and spectfully offer complementary collective evidence to support—
how program implementation works,” suggestions for next steps. Specifi- or refute—this new approach for ad-
these strategies have not yet been cally, as the research and teaching dressing SEL. Admittedly this will be
tested experimentally. communities consider how to best a complex area of inquiry in which
address SEL objectives in practice we will need to attend carefully to
J
ones and Bouffard capture an Building on the groundwork awareness (e.g., taking another’s
important conundrum that has laid out by Jones and Bouffard, I perspective, appreciating similarities
plagued public schools in the would like to draw attention to a and differences), relationship skills,
United States throughout their key organization—Collaborative for and responsible decision-making.
existence. Their article bumps Academic, Social, and Emotional In addition to these competen-
up against the question, “What Learning (CASEL)—that helped me cies and skills, CASEL’s researchers
is the purpose of public understand the need for building the are clear that climate and con-
schools?” Schooling’s initial field of SEL. During my professional nectedness are necessary factors to
purpose was to prepare citizens career in which I served in central support the teaching and nurturing
to participate in a newly formed office positions in three large urban of the core competencies (Climate
democracy. Over time, schools have school districts, I have seen the im- & Connectedness, n.d.). Jones and
been charged with serving as the portance of SEL for both students and Bouffard’s notion that the classroom
great equalizer, feeding and cloth- adults and have drawn on the work of and school as a whole must be places
ing children, providing physical and Daniel Goleman and CASEL. In 1994, where the skills of SEL are practiced
mental health care, and preparing Daniel Goleman, Eileen Rockefeller and nurtured is consistent with CA-
students to enter the economy. With Growald, and others founded CASEL, SEL’s perspective. The framework is
the federal No Child Left Behind Act, a non-profit organization led by accompanied by the CASEL Practice
the major policy focus has been on psychologist Roger Weissberg, that Rubric for Schoolwide SEL Imple-
academic achievement as demon- works to advance the science and mentation (CASEL, 2006) that can
strated on standardized tests. Al- evidence-based practice behind so- be used by schools to develop SEL
though students’ psychosocial needs cial and emotional learning (CASEL, standards, determine how well they
have largely been shoved to the 2004). I served on a CASEL leadership are implementing SEL, and to make
background with this laser-like focus team for several years. appropriate shifts when needed.
on academic achievement, many Three elements in the CASEL The second element is the Col-
educators recognize the need to nur- portfolio have contributed to the laborating District Initiative (n.d.).
ture the whole child. Developing the advancement of the SEL field. The Having developed the research
mind absent a concern for students’ first is their explication of the Social base for SEL and its relationship to
social and emotional learning (SEL) & Emotional Learning Core Compe- academic success, CASEL recognized
leaves many children ill-equipped to tencies, using research as a basis for that the spread of SEL would require
deal with the uncertainty and ten- giving specific meaning to the com- deep engagement with districts.
sions that arise in everyday living. ponents of SEL (Skills & Competen- Supported by the NoVo Foundation,
Slowly, energy has been devoted to cies, n.d.). The five core groups of CASEL is partnering with school dis-
looking at the knowledge, competen- social and emotional competencies tricts1 to weave SEL into the goals of
cies, and habits of mind that stu- that CASEL has identified are: self-
dents will need to fully participate in awareness, self-management (e.g., 1 Thedistricts are Anchorage, AL; Austin, TX;
civic life and a globalized economy. regulating one’s emotions), social Chicago, IL; Cleveland, OH; Nashville, TN; Oakland,
CA; Sacramento, CA; Warren and Youngstown, OH;
Washoe County, NV; and DuPage Roe Consortium
al Learning Programs—Preschool and supporting students’ psychosocial Skills & competencies. (n.d.) Retrieved
from CSAEL website: http://casel.
Elementary School Edition (CASEL, development. n
org/why-it-matters/what-is-sel/
2012). While Jones and Bouffard skills-competencies/
caution us against a commitment to
programs because “effect sizes are
modest, even for the most promis-
ing interventions,” this guide takes
a different approach. The guide de-
SEL in Action
The Austin Story
Meria Joel Carstarphen
Superintendent, Austin Independent School District
S
ocial and Emotional accustomed to working together cused on classroom teachers; in Year
Learning (SEL) is in vertical teams on initiatives and 2 the focus has expanded to include
emerging as a critical plans for improvement. cafeteria monitors and other support
element in the educa- As Austin began working on personnel. The plan is for vertical
tion of the whole child, SEL, vertical teams were invited to teams to have a dedicated coach for
focusing on cognitive, apply to be part of the initiative. at least three years of intensive sup-
physical, social, and emotional Two vertical teams, 24 campuses, port. The Austin ISD SEL Department
development. Austin Independent were selected to participate during also has provided information and
School District (ISD) has embraced the first year of implementation, and training on SEL for members of the
the philosophy, similar to that ex- the program expanded to include AISD Board of Trustees. As implemen-
pressed by Jones and Bouffard, that five vertical teams, 57 campuses, in tation continues, it is clear that the
SEL must include four components: the second year. Two or three teams district must continue training for all
explicit skills instruction, integration will be added each year until all 12 support staff in the district as well
in content lessons, integration in in the district are included. as parents. The goal, and some-
instructional methods, and modeling In the first year, implementa- thing that parents have requested,
of skills and competencies by adults tion focused on having classroom is to provide parent training that is
in a supportive, positive climate and teachers use a CASEL Select pro- aligned with student learning.
culture. District, state, and national gram for explicit instruction, as well While evidence is primarily
standards and policy are also nec- as improving climate and culture anecdotal at this time, there is some
essary for SEL to be sustained in a by training adults on their own information suggesting that imple-
systemic manner. SEL skills. For the second year of mentation of SEL positively affects
implementation for a vertical team, students’ attitudes and skills. The
District Implementation emphasis has been on integration of American Institute of Research (AIR) is
Austin ISD has been a part of the SEL into instructional methods and assisting the district with the develop-
Collaborative for Academic, Social content, while maintaining explicit ment of measurement tools, which
and Emotional Learning (CASEL) Col- skill instruction. Classroom teachers will be used to gather data for CASEL
laborating Districts Initiative since provide explicit lessons to enhance and for the district-level analysis of
late Fall 2010. CASEL chose to work the integration of skills throughout the program’s effectiveness.
with Austin following a site visit to the school day.
determine district commitment and Climate and Culture
readiness to implement a district- Professional Learning District staff also supports schools
wide plan for SEL. The Austin initiative differs from as they implement programs and
Austin ISD schools are orga- other districts in that each verti- strategies for improving the climate
nized into vertical teams, in which cal team has an assigned SEL coach and culture of the school. While the
a high school and the middle and from the district’s SEL department explicit instruction resource used in
elementary schools that feed into to train and support teachers and classrooms is standard across school
the high school form a professional other school personnel. In Year 1 of levels, the work that is being done
learning community. Principals are implementation, this support fo- with climate and culture varies
Stephanie M. Jones is the Marie and Max Kargman Associ- David Osher is Vice President at the American Institutes
ate Professor of Human Development and Urban Educa- for Research, an AIR Institute Fellow, and Co-Director of
tion at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. Her AIR’s Human and Social Development Program. His work
basic developmental research focuses on the longitudinal focuses on school improvement and educational equity,
effects of poverty and exposure to violence on social and interagency, inter-sector, and cross-stakeholder col-
emotional development in early childhood and adoles- laboration, implementation science, children’s services
cence. In addition, she conducts evaluation research (including juvenile justice, child welfare, and behav-
focusing on the developmental impact of school-based in- ioral health), prevention, performance measurement,
terventions targeting children’s social-emotional skills and social emotional learning, cultural competence, and the
aggressive behavior, as well as their basic academic skills. conditions for learning and healthy development. Osher
In 2002, she received her doctorate in developmental is Principal Investigator of The Technical Assistance
psychology from Yale University. Previously, Jones worked Partnership for Child and Family Mental Health; The
as a Research Associate at Columbia University’s National National Evaluation and Technical Assistance Center for
Center for Children in Poverty. the Education of Children and Youth who are Neglected,
Delinquent, or At Risk; and the National Center for Safe
Suzanne M. Bouffard is a research associate and proj- and Supportive Learning Environment, and of a number
ect manager at the Harvard Graduate School of Educa- of research and evaluation projects regarding social and
tion. Her work focuses on social and contextual factors emotional learning and youth development interven-
that support success in school and life, including social tions. Osher received his Ph.D. and other degrees from
and emotional learning programs, out-of-school time Columbia University.
and youth development programs, and family-school-
community partnerships. In particular, she focuses on Kathleen Lynne Lane is a Professor in the Department
building adults’ capacity to support children’s develop- of Special Education at the University of Kansas. She
ment through applying research to practice and policy. earned her master’s degree and doctorate in education
Bouffard has developed curricula for social and emotional from the University of California, Riverside. Prior to
learning programs and provided professional development entering academia, Lane served as a classroom teacher
and technical assistance for educators and youth workers of general and special education students for five years
through the national Parental Information and Resource and provided consultation, intervention, and staff de-
Centers and the C.S. Mott Foundation Statewide After- velopment services to five school districts in Southern
school Networks. She is the co-author of the book Ready, California for two years as a Program Specialist. Lane’s
Willing, and Able: A Developmental Approach to College research interests focus on school-based interventions
Access and Success. She earned a Ph.D. in Developmental (academic and behavioral) with students at risk for
Psychology from Duke University. emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD), with an em-
phasis on systematic screenings to detect students with
behavioral challenges at the earliest possible juncture.
She has designed, implemented, and evaluated multi-
level prevention models in elementary, middle, and high
school settings to (a) prevent the development of EBD
and (b) respond to existing instances. She is the co-edi-
tor of Remedial and Special Education and is an associ-
ate editor for Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions
and Education and Treatment of Children. Lane has co-
authored five books and published 117 refereed journal
articles and 21 book chapters.
Purpose
Social Policy Report (ISSN 1075-7031) is published four times a year by
the Society for Research in Child Development. Its purpose is twofold:
(1) to provide policymakers with objective reviews of research findings
on topics of current national interest, and (2) to inform the SRCD mem-
bership about current policy issues relating to children and about the
state of relevant research.
Content
The Report provides a forum for scholarly reviews and discussions of devel-
opmental research and its implications for policies affecting children. The
Society recognizes that few policy issues are noncontroversial, that authors
may well have a “point of view,” but the Report is not intended to be a ve-
hicle for authors to advocate particular positions on issues. Presentations
should be balanced, accurate, and inclusive. The publication nonetheless
includes the disclaimer that the views expressed do not necessarily reflect
those of the Society or the editors.
The Committee on Policy & Communications which founded the Social Policy
Report, serves as an advisory body to all activities related to its publication.