Oe Problem Solutions 19.1 “The direction in parts (a) through (d) is found by use of the right hand rule. You must Taisember that the electron is negatively charged and thus experiences 8 force in the vHrvetion exactly opposite that predicted by the right hand rule for a positively charged particle. (@) [Rorizontaland due cast] (6) [horizontal and 50° NofE| (©) [horizontal and due east ] (a) [zero force], F=quBsind = qoBsin(180°)=0 (a) Fora positively charged particle, the direction ofthe force fs that predicted by the right hand rule. These are: (a) [planeofpageandtolet] — (b’) [into the page (c) [oatof the page (4) _[inplane of page and toward the top! (ec) [into the page (f) [batof the page (b) Fora negatively charged particle, the direction of the force is exactly opposite what the right hand rule predicts for positive charges. ‘Thus, the answers for part (b) are reversed from those given in part (a) since the particle is positively charged, use the right hand rule. In this case, start with the fingers ofthe right hand in the direction of ¥ and the thumb pointing in the direction of F. As you start closing the hand, the fingers point in the direction of B after they have moved 90°. The results are @ © (6, [owen atom ot pee Hold the right hand with the fingers in the direction of ¥ so that as you close your hand, the fingers move toward the direction of B. The thumb will point in the direction of the force (and hence the deflection) if the particle has a positive charge. The results are o (v) [BakoFthepage), since he charges megnive (¢ [zeroforce (a) [into the page446 CHAPTER19 49.5 Gravitational force: 198 F,=mg=(2 six10™ kg)(9-80 m/s*)= 93x10 N downward Electric force: F=4E=( 60x10 C}(-100 N/C)= 1.60x10 N upward “Magnetic force: B, =qubsind=(-1 ox10 C)(6.00%10° snJs)(50.0%10" T)sin(90.0") 24,8010 N in direction opposite right hand rule prediction Teox10” N downward 496 From F=quBsind the magnitude of the force is found to be F=(1.60x10" c)(o2x10° m/s) (50.0«10° T)sin(90.0" 4.96x10-" N Using the sight-hand-rule (fingers point westward in direction ‘of v, so they move downward toward the direction of B as you close the hand, the ‘thumb points Southward. Thus, the direction othe force exerted on a proton (@ positive charge) i5 19.7 _ Tre gravitational force is gmall enough to be ignored, 0 the magnetic force must SUpPlY the needed centripetal acceleration Thus, yBsing0? , oF ot “here r= Ry +1000 Km=7.98%10° m r (2.60x107 ol 10°? T)(7.38%10 m) 67x10” kg, vis and B isnorthward, required: v will be directed downward asMagnetism — 147 188 The speed attained by the eletron is found from 2m =||(AV), or Pe) Es 2(1.60x10 C)(2400¥) as ayy mys 9.1110 kg (@) Maximum force occurs when the electron enters the region perpendicular to the field, Fax = |q]0Bsin 90° =(1.60x10"" C)(2.90x10" m/s)(1.70 T)=[7.90x10 N (b) Minimum force occurs when the electron enters the region parallel to the field. Fauy =|qleBsino°=[0 97x10 kg) (2.0x10" m/s C)(1.0%10" mys) F_ma oat, qv qv (1.60x10 99 B= ‘The right hand rule shows that B must be in [the —y direction] to yield a force in the +x direction when @ is in the +2 direction. 19.10 The force ona single ion is F,=qoBsino =(1.60x10"” C)(0.851 m/s)(0.254 T)sin(51.0°)=2.69%10 N The total number of ions present is N=(s0ox10" B=) em) =3.00%107 ‘Thus, assuming all ions move in the same direction through the field, the total force is F=N-F =(3.00x10")(2.69x10 N)=[806 N148 19.11 19.12 19.13 19.16 CHAPTER19 From F=BILsin@, the magnetic field is F/L___ 0.12 N/m a FIL. =|8.0: 10° T Tend” (5 Asn ‘The direction of B must be tohave F in the-y direction when lis in the +x direction. Hold the righthand with the fingers in the direction of the current so, as you close the Brot ine fingers move toward the direction of the ‘magnetic field. The thumb then points in the direction of the force. The results are ) © © (emrermepase) (a) [foward top of page (O) [into the page] (f) [outof the page Use the right hand rule, holding your right hand with the fingers in the direction of the a tnt and the thumb pointing in the direction of fhe force. As you close your hand, the fingers will move toward the "Erection of the magnetic field. The results are (a) [intothe page] ©) [foward the Tight] (c) [toward the bottom of the page In order to just lift the wire, the magnetic force exerted on a unit length of the wire must Pe irected upward and have a magnitude equal ¥0 the weight per unit length. Thatis, the magnitude is F m . m)_8 F Lptsino=( =(™) 8 ae (Hs eve B (Press ‘To find the minimum possible field, the magnetic field should be perpendicular to the current (9 =90.0°). Then, m g g_( 1k )(10% cm 9.80 m/s” Bun =( |< =| 0500 Sal i0° g Jot em) | 280 TAS -[0.245 7 {2 kaos EGP) esoaiey To find the direction of the field, hold the righthand with the thumb pointing upward (direction of the force) and the fingers pointing southward (direction of current). Then, fs you close the hand, the fingers point castward, The magnetic field should be directed (eastward).19.15 19.16 19.17 19.18 F =BILsin@ =(0.300 T)(10.0 A)(5.00 m)sin(30.0°) = [750 N (a) The magnitude is F =BILsin@ =(0.60x10* T)(15 A)(10.0 m) 90x10 N (or) F is perpendicular to B . Using the right hand rule, the orientation of F is found to be [15° above the horizontal in the northward direction |. (b) F=BILsind =(0.60x10* T)(15 A)(10.0 m)sin(165°) =|2.3x10 N and, from the right hand rule, the direction is [horizontal and due west For minimum field, B should be perpendicular to the wire. If the force is to be northward, the field must be directed [downward |. To keep the wire moving, the magnitude of the magnetic force must equal that of the kinetic friction force. Thus, BILsin90°= 14,(mg), or (0.200)(1.00 g/cm)(9.80 wie as | wee (1.50 A)(1.00) 10° g) im O31 T| ‘To have zero tension in the wires, the magnetic force per unit length must be directed upward and equal to the weight per unit length of the conductor. Thus, =p" L =BI L Or (m/L)g _ (0.040 kg/m)(9.80 m/s*) B 360T = [D109 From the right hand rule, the current must be when the magnetic field is into the page. to the right] if the force is to be upward(CHAPTER 19 For the wire to move upward at constant speed, the net force acting on it must be zero. ‘Thus, BILsin@ = mig and for ‘minimum field @=90°. The minimum field is ig _(0.015 kg) (980 my/s*) TL (50A)(0.15m) For the magnetic force to be directed upward when the current is, toward the left, B must be directed [out of the page]. “The magnitude of the magnetic force exerted on a current-carrying conducto® i erfield is given by F= BIDsind , where Bis the magnitude ofthe field, ? is the length of the conductor, J is the current in the conductor, and @ is the angle the conductor makes with the direction of the field. In this case, F =(0.390'T)(5.00 A) (2.80 m)sind = (5.46 N) sind (@) If 6=60.0°, then sind =0.866 and F=[4.73 N (b) If 9=9000°, then sin@=1.00 and F (Q If 6=120", then sind =0.866 and F=[4.73 N For each segment, the magnitude ofthe force is given by F=BILsind, and the direction is given by the right hand rule. The results of applying these to each, of the four segments are summarized below. ‘Segment | L(m) @ | FW) Direction, ab o400 | 180° 0 - be (0.400 | 90.0° | 0.0400 | negative x 0400/2 | 45.0° | 0.0400 | negative z parallel tox-2 plane at 45° to both +x and +z directions 0.4002 | 90.0° | 0.0566EEE EEE SSS ee Magnetiem — 151 19.22 The magnitude of the torque is 7= NBIAsin@ , where 6 is the angle between the field and the perpendicular to the plane of the loop. The ciccumtference of the loop is 2nr =2.00 m, so the radius is r= and the area is A=ar’=1 m?, x Thus, r=(1)(0.800)(17.0<10" az mm )sino0.0°= 4.33x10" Nom 1923 The area is A= sab = (0.200 m)(0.150 m) =0.0942 m?. Since the field is parallel to the plane of the loop, @=90.0° and the magnitude of the torque is T=NBIAsing =8(2.00x10* T)(6.00 A)(0.0942 m*)sin90.0° =[9.05x107 Nom The torque is directed to make the left-hand side of the loop move toward you and the right-hand side move away. 19.24 Note that the angle between the field and the perpendicular to the plane of the loop is @=90.0°-30.0° =60.0", Then, the magnitude of the torque is 1 =NBIAsin# =100(0.80 T)(1.2 A)[ (0.40 m)(0.30 m)]sin60.0°=[70 Nom With current in the ~y direction, the outside edge of the loop will experience a force directed out ofthe page (+z direction) according to the right hand rule. Thus, the loop will rotate [clockwise as viewed from above |.152. CHAPTER19 19.25 (a) Let @ be the angle the plane of the loop makes with the horizontal as shown in the sketch at the right. Then, the angle it makes with the vertical is 9=90.0°—6. The number of turns on the loop is L 4.00 m ————__=_ _ 100 circumference 4(0.100 m) ‘The torque about the z axis due to gravity is 1: mg(Seos0), where s=0.100 m is the length of one side of the loop. This torque tends to rotate the loop clockwise. The torque due to the magnetic force tends to rotate the loop counterclockwise about the z axis and has magnitude 2, = NBIAsin@. At equilibrium, 1, =7, or NBI(s*)sin@ = mg(scosd)/2. This reduces to mg 00 kg)( 2NBIs 2(10.0)(0.0100 T)(3.40 A)(0.100 m) tand= =M44 Since tand = tan(90.0°-#) = cot, the angle the loop makes with the vertical at equilibrium is @=cot*(14.4)=[597" (b) Atequilibrium, t, =NBI(s*)sind (10.0)(0.010 0 T)(3.40 A)(0.100 m)* sin(90.0°-3.97°) = [339x107 N-m19.26 19.27 The resistance of the loop is pL _(1-70%10% 2-m)(8.00 m) s Ra2Ee. =1 Q A 100x107 m? ae AV___o100V and the current in the loop is 1= AV. Tae pt B5A R i36x10? a 79> ‘The magnetic field exerts torque r=NBIAsin@ on the loop, and this is a maximum when sind =1. Thus, Tue = NBIA =(1)(0.400 T)(73.5 A)(2.00 m)' =[T18 Nam ‘The magnitude of the force a proton experiences as it moves perpendicularly toa magnetic field is F = quBsind =(+e)oBsin(90.0°)= evB his force is always directed perpendicular to the velocity of the proton and will supply the centripetal acceleration as the proton follows a circular path, Thus, ot B= me or r and the time required for the proton to complete one revolution is pelt. 2er 2am ov erBim~ eB Ifitis observed that T'=1.00 jus , the magnitude of the magnetic field is 2n(1.67x10” kg) ay C)(1.00%10% 5) snlCHAPTER 19 Since the path is circular, the particle moves perpendicular to the magnetic field, and the ‘magnetic force supplies the centripetal acceleration. Hence, ne qpB, or are But the momentum is given by p= nw =./2m(KE), and the kinetic energy of this proton is KE=(10.0%10° weet J=r20x20 J. We then have é fam(KE) _ fa(1.67x10™ kg)(1.60x10"" J) ROT ar (160x107 €)(5.80%10" m) For the particle to pass through with no deflection, the net force acting on it must be zero. Thus, the magnetic force and the electric force must be in opposite directions and have equal magnitudes. This gives F, =F, or quB=gE which reduces to [p= E/B ‘The speed of the particles emerging from the velocity selector is v=F/B (see Problem 29). In the deflection chamber, the magnetic force supplies the centripetal acceleration, mo? mo _m(E/B) _ mE. 50 9B Or a Using the given data, the radius of the path is found to be _(2.18%10 kg)(950 Vim) ae “Tae jason [oso aa) From conservation of energy, (KE+PE), =(KE+PE),, we find that inet +qV, =049V., or the speed of the particle is o- 2q(Vi-¥s) _ f2q(a¥) _ 2(1.60%10"° C)(250V) _ 5 6 aot fs m m 2.50x10™ kg. ° “The magnetic force supplies the centripetal acceleration giving 47 (2.50x10™ kg)(5.66x10" m/s) (1.60x10" C)(0.500 T) =1.77«107 m=19.32 19.33 19.34 Magnetiom — 155 Since the centripetal acceleration is furnished by the magnetic force acting on the ions, goB =" or the radius of the path is r — . Thus, the distance between the impact points (that is, the difference in the diameters of the paths followed by the Uns and the Ugg isotopes) is d= 2(Pap~Pas)= (Meas) 2(3.00x10* mys) x10" C)(0.600 T: ie (238-235 wt 66x10 +3)| or Ad=3.11x107 m=[Bilan In the perfectly elastic, head-on collision between the G-particle and the initially stationary proton, conservation of momentum requires that 1,v, +71,0, = m,% While conservation of kinetic energy also requires that %-0=-(v,—-v,) or v, 2g + Uy. Using, the fact that m, =4m, and combining these equations gives m, (v, +0) + (4m, )o, =(4m, )og or and», = (30/5) +0 =80/5 After the collision, each particle follows a circular path in the horizontal plane with the magnetic force supplying the centripetal acceleration. If the radius of the proton’s trajectory is R, and that of the alpha particle is r, we have uv m0, _ ™,0, mig =e MH eBay RF 7B eB - mv, _ (45) (%/8) _ 3 mrp) | and q20aB=mesF or T= (2B 4\ eB) [4 ‘Imagine grasping the conductor with the right hand so the fingers curl around the conductor in the direction of the magnetic field. The thumb then points along the conductor in the direction of the current. The results are (a) [foward theleft (&) [eatofpage] (©) [Tower leftto-upper nightCHAPTER 19 ‘Treat the lightning bolt as a long, straight conductor. Then, the magnetic field is 7 7. p= fil _(4ri0” Fema} (.a0%0" A) 00x10 T= [200 aT 224(100 m) Model the tomado as a long, straight, vertical conductor and imagine grasping it with the right hand so the fingers point northward on the western side of the tornado. (that is, at the observatory’s location) The thumb is directed downward, meaning that the conventional current is downward or negative charge flows upward]. The magnitude of the current is found from B= /4[/2ar as 2nrB _ 2n(9.00%10° m)(1.50x10° T) __ ly 42x10" T-mjA ~ 1 6A From B= /ijl/2zr , the required distance is 4x10" T-m/A)(20 A) 2a(1.7%10" T) Assume that the wire on the right is wire 1 and that on the left is wire 2. Also, choose the positive direction for the magnetic field to be out of the page and negative into the page. (a) At the point half way between the two wires, Hy j=- (7, 44, f(,41) '4x107 T-m/A) = (10.0 A)=-4.00x10% T 2n(5.00x107 m) oF Byy =[40.0 2 into the page (b) Atpoint PB, 5.00 #T out of page19.39 19.40 (© Atpoint P,, Bante xfef Lk] ca ‘On| (4zx107 T, may Qn 0.300 m ~ 0.200 | = [167 UF out of page The distance from each wire to point P is given by (0.200 m)* + (0.200 m)* = 0.141 m At point P, the magnitude of the magnetic field produced by each of the wires is _ Hal (427x107 T-myA)(5.00 A) ‘ Dae 2 (0141 m) 77 Hh Carrying currents into the page, the field A produces at Pis directed to the left and down at -135°, while B creates a field to the right and down at ~ 45°. Carrying currents toward you, C produces a field downward and to the right at - 45°, while D’s contribution is downward and to the left. The horizontal components of these equal magnitude contributions cancel in pairs, while the vertical components all add. The total field is then (7.07 WT)sin 45.0° =[20.0 iT toward the bottom of the page Calll the wire carrying a current of 3.00 A wire I and the other wire 2. Also, choose the line running from wire 1 to wire 2 as the positive x direction, 1 Bret (2) At the point midway between the wires, the field due to each wire is parallel to the y axis and the net field is 5, Bay = +Byy ~ Bry = dt (I~ 1) /200r A) 22 (0.100 m) (3.00 A-5.00 A) =~4.00x10% T or 8... = [400 WT toward the bottom of the page(b) At point P, r, =(0.200 m)V2 and B, is directed at 6, = +135" The magnitude of B, is bly (42x10? T-m/A)(3.00 A) ar, 2n(0.200V2 m) seine ition from wire 2 is in the -x direction and has magnitude 2 bh _(42x107 TemyA)(.004) «09 yr 2ar, 2mr(0.200 m) Therefore, the components of the net field at point P are: B, =B, cosi35°+B,cos180° = (2.12 1fT)cos135° + (5.00 1/7) cos180° = -6.50 wT and _B, =B, sin135°+B, sin 180° =(2.12 /T)sin135°+ 0 = +1.50 wT Therefore, B,, = (Bi +B; =6.67 wT at By= 6.50 nT S00 S30 arr 1.50 wT or Bre =[6.67 HT at 77.0? to the left of vertical 19.41 Call the wire along the x axis wire 1 and the other wire 2. Also, choose the positive direction for the magnetic fields at point P to be out of the page. At point P, By, =+B, ~B, = 224 — Hob a(t 4) Qar, 2a Imelh t (4zx10? Tw) (Z00 A_ 600A =+1.67x107 T Qa 3.00 m Son) — 0.167 HiT out of the pageMagnetism — 159 1942. Since the proton moves with constant velocity, the net force acting on it is zero. Thus, the magnetic force due to the current in the wire must be counterbalancing the weight of the proton, or quB=mg where B= jI/2nd . This gives Peel Sra 78 OF the distance the proton is above the wire must be qupssl _ (1.6010 C)(2.30%10* m/s)(42x107 T-m/A)(1.20x10% A) 2Qamg 2n(1.67x10™ kg) (9.80 m/s?) d=5.40x107 m=[540em 1943 (a) From B= y41/2ar , observe that the field is inversely proportional to the distance from the conductor. Thus, the field will have one-tenth its original value if the distance is increased by a factor of 10. The required distance is then 1’ =10r =10(0.400 m) = [4.00 m (b) A point in the plane of the conductors and 40.0 cm from the center of the cord is located 39.85 cm from the nearer wire and 40.15 cm from the far wire. Since the currents are in opposite directions, so are their contributions to the net field. Therefore, By, = By -B, , or Mf 1_1)_(44x107 T-m/A)(2.00 A), 1 1 aly % an 03985m 0.4015m * =7.50x10° T=[750 nT (©) Call the distance from cord center to field point P rel and 2d=3.00 mm the distance between centers of the conductors. all 4 -4) 2a \y-d red (427x107 T-m/A)(2.00 “I Bat 7.50x10 T= 2a so r=[1.26 m ‘The field of the two-conductor cord is weak to start with and falls off rapidly with distance.160 CHAPTER 19 (d) The cable creates [Zer0] field at exterior points, since a loop in Ampére’s law encloses zero total current. 1944 @ FaM! (4zx107 T-m/A)(10.0 A) is 2ad 2 (0.100 m) =[2.00%107 N/m (attraction)| (0) The magnitude remains the same as calculated in (a), but the wires are repelled. Thus, © = [2.0010 Nj (repulsion) 19.45 In order for the system to be in equilibrium, the repulsive magnetic force per unit length on the top wire must equal the weight per unit length of this wire. =A = 0.080 N/m , and the distance between the wires will be =o (42x10? T-m/A)(60.0 A)(30.0 A) 2a (0.080 Nim’ 2a (0.080 Njm) =45x107 m=[45 mm 19.46 ‘The magnetic forces exerted on the top and bottom segments of the rectangular loop are ‘equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. Thus, these forces cancel, and we only need consider the sum of the forces exerted on the right and left sides of the loop. Choosing to the left (toward the long, straight wire) as the positive direction, the sum of these two forces is pallet Mallat ‘Qnc 2n(cta) 2 = (42x10? T-mjA)(5.00 A)(10.0 A)(0.450 m), a =+2.70x10* N=[2.70x10" N to the leftMagnetism — 161 1947 The magnetic field inside a long solenoid is )F- Thus the required current is BL __(1.00x10* T)(0.400 m) 18x10 A=[3L8mA HN (42x107 T-m/A)(1000) * = 1948 (a) From R= pL/A, the required length of wire to be used is p.A_ (6:00) 2(0.500%10" m)*/4] > 1.70x10" Q-m 3577 m ‘The total number of turns on the solenoid (that is, the number of times this length of wire will go around a 1.00 cm radius cylinder) is Ll 577m 2ar~ 2x(1.00x10" m) 919) (b) From B= nl, the number of tums per unit length on the solenoid is 7.96x10° turns/m_ ‘Thus, the required length of the solenoid is 919 turns, 96xIP tumnsjm =0.115m=[115em 1949 The magnetic field inside the solenoid is ‘4nx107 tonya)l(20 sums mer )las0 A)=5.65x10 T Therefore, the magnitude of the magnetic force on any one of the sides of the square loop is F=BI, Lsin90.0° =(5.65x10* T)(0.200 A)(2.00x10* m) =[2.2610 N162 CHAPTER 19 The forces acting on the sides of the loop lie in the plane of the loop, are perpendicular to the sides, and are directed [away from the interior] of the loop. Thus, they tend to stretch the loop but do not tend to rotate it. The torque acting on the loop is [7=0 (@) The magnetic force supplies the centripetal acceleration, so quB = mv*/r. The magnetic field inside the solenoid is then found to be mp _(9-11x10™ kg)(1.0x10" m/s) saa gr (1.6010 C)(2.0x107 m) (b) From B= 4,nl, the current is the solenoid is found to be B 2.847x10* T yn (427x107 T-m/A)[(25 tumnsjem) (100 my m) 1x10 A =[091 mA ‘When the plane of the coil makes an angle of 35° with the field direction, the perpendicular to the plane of the coil makes an angle of = 90°- 35° = 55° with the magnetic field. Thus, the torque exerted on the loop is F=NBIAsind =(1)(0.30 T)(25 A)[7(0.30 m)*]sin 55°= Since the magnetic force must supply the centripetal acceleration, qvB = mo*/r or the radius of the path is r = mo/qB (a) The time for the electron to travel the semicircular path (of length ar ) is, _ am 2(9.11x10™ kg) © qB (1.60x10 C)(0.0100T) =1.79x10" s=[179 nsMagnetism — 163 (b) The radius of the semicircular path is 2.00 cm. From r= mu/qB , the momentum of the electron is p = mo = qBr, and the kinetic energy is 2 _ (mo)? _ @Btr? _(1.6010- C) (0.0100 TY (2.00107 m)* mot = me) g BYE ( 2m 2m 2(9.1110™" kg) KE: ‘3.51 keV KE=(5,62x10" af kev ) 1.60x10" J 19.53 Assume wire 1 is along the x axis and wire 2 along the y axis. (a) Choosing out of the page as the positive field direction, the field at point P is, an, fe( hf 2n\y, % (42x10? T-m/A)/ 500A 3.00 on 0.400m —0.300m =5.00x10? T= [0500 7T out of the page (b) At30.0 cm above the intersection of the wires, the field components are as shown at the right, where Moly oer __(42x107 T-m/A)(5.00 A) =-3.33x10° T 22(0.300 m) 7 2p, = Ha, (47%107 TRVA)(3.00A) 5 oo ag nd B= B, =n TE[Esa ep 00x10 T ‘The resultant field is B, +BF =3.89x10" T at otan(Z) or B=[3.89 2T at 59.0" clockwise from +x direction164 CHAPTERI9 1954 For the rail to move at constant velocity, the net force acting on it must be zero. Thus, the ‘Magnitude of the magnetic force must equal that ofthe friction foree giving BIL=44,(mg), or —He(mg) _ (0-100)(0.200 kg)(9.80 m/s*) aan Fama (10.0. A)(0.500my = 13-92x10 T 7955. The magnetic force acting on each type particle supplies the centripetal acceleration for that particle. Thus, quB = me/r or r= mo/qB After completing one half of the circular paths, th e two types of particle are separated by the difference in the diameters of the two paths, Therefore, a=2(%.-7)= 22 mm) 2(1.00x10" my/s' th “Tas Tsao kg] =2.13x107 m=[2.13 em 19.56 Let the leftmost wire be wire 1 and the rightmost be wire 2. (a) At pointC, B, is directed out of the zero, then B, = B,, or Yoh thls vine 1 1 {t) 15.0 cm) _ an, 2, Bing LL =1, 5 }=(10.0 A)| 500cm }* 200A ©) Atpoint A, B, and B, ace both directed out ofthe page, so (43107 Tema) ma = BB, =f (1,4 1,) = TVA) on acto.o Bay = Br B, =f (1, +1,) (500710* ay 0220 A*200 A) =[1.60%10"* T out of the page19.57 (a) (b) 19.58 (a) ‘Magnetism — 165 Since the magnetic field is directed from N to S (that is, from left to right within the artery), positive ions with velocity in the direction of the blood flow experience a magnetic deflection toward electrode A. Negative ions will experience a force deflecting them toward electrode B. This separation of charges creates an electric field directed from A toward B. At equilibrium, the electric force caused by this field must balance the magnetic force, so =4(AV/d) AV 16010 V 133 m/s ‘The magnetic field is directed from N to S. If the charge carriers are negative moving in the direction of #, the magnetic force is directed toward point B. Negative charges build up at point B, making the potential at A higher than that at B. If the charge carriers are positive moving in the direction of ¥, the magnetic force is directed toward A, so positive charges build up at A. This also makes the potential at A higher than that at B. Therefore the sign of the potential difference does not depend on the charge of the ions]. Since the distance between them is so small in comparison to the radius of curvature, the hoops may be treated as long, straight, parallel wires. Because the currents are in opposite directions, the hoops repel each other. The magnetic force on the top loop is (48 pa Mal (ar) _ lr 2nd 2nd a (42x10? T-m/A)(140 Ay’ (0.100 m) 1.00%107 m 2.46 N upward 107 m/s* upward166 19.59 19.60 (CHAPTER 19 ‘The magnetic force is very small in comparison to the weight of the ball, so we treat the motion as that of a freely falling body. Then, as the ball approaches the ground, it has velocity components with magnitudes of 2, =), =20.0 m/s, and 1, = 0}, + 2e, (Ay) =J0-+2(-9.80 m/s*)(-20.0 m) =19.8 m/s ‘The velocity of the ball is perpendicular to the magnetic field and, just before it reaches. the ground, has magnitude v= Jo? +v} =28.1 m/s. Thus, the magnitude of the magnetic force is E, , = quBsind =(5.00x10* C)(28.1 m/s)(0.010 0 T)sin90.0° =[1.41x10* N, We are given that the field at points on the axis of the disk varies as B=k/h? , where kis a constant and I is the distance from the midplane of the disk. At the surface of the disk, thickness _1.0 mm 2 2 B=5.0x10° T and =0.50 mm ‘Thus, k=Bh* =(5.0x10° T)(0.50 mm)’. The distance from the center plane of the disk to the height where B=5.0x10° T is then =[10x10° (050 mm) = _[ep _] (69x10? 7)(0.50 mm)? EP 50x10 T The distance of this position above the surface of the disk is =[45mm49.61. First, observe that (5.00 cm) + (12.0 em)" =(13.0 cm)’. Thus, the triangle shown in dashed lines is aright triangle giving 13.0 cm, in so) -678", and £=90.0°-a=22.6° ‘At point P, the field due to wire 1 is ‘4ax107 T-myA)(3.00 A) p= Mek a aval ) e120 ut 2a, 2(5.00%107 m) coward wire 2, or to the left and at and it is directed from P 67.# below the horizontal. The field due to wire 2has (42x10? T-mjA)(3.00 A) (4zx107 Tey 212.0010" m) ial and at P is directed away from wire 1 or to the sight andl at 22.6” below the horizontal. B,cos67.4°=-4.62 AT By = =B, sin67.4°=—11.1 WT Thus, By = B,sin22.6°=-192 7 By, = Byc0s22.6°= +4.62 HT Bay y+ Bay =-13.0 AT - and B, = By, +B,,=0, while B, “The resultant field at P is 750 AT directed toward the bottom of the page 1962. (@) ‘The magnetic force acting on the wire is directed upward and of magnitude F, = BiLsin90°= BIL Thus, re m (afl) 62 m/s 4.0x10? T)(2.0 gol tx207 TH29 A) 950 n/t v =50x107 kg/m168 19.63 CHAPTER 19 (b) Using Ay= ot Sa with v, =0 gives Label the wires 1, 2, and 3 as shown in Figure 1, and let B,, B,, and B, respectively represent the magnitudes of the fields produced by the currents in those wires. Also, observe that 0 =45° in Figure 1. = Hl /22(av2) or Atpoint A, B= 2B (4107 TemjA)(2.0 A) _ 5 2a (0.010 m)V2 asia __ml__ (42107 T-mjA)(2.0 A) _ and Bs = 57 (3a) 2(0.080 m) at ‘These field contributions are oriented as shown in Figure 2. Observe that the horizontal components of B, and B, cancel while their vertical components add to B,. The resultant field at point A is then B, = (B, +B, )cos45° + By =53 wT , or 53.sT directed toward the bottom of the page| ‘4nx107 T-m/A)(2.0 A) es ied [eo Tonya) 08) “pou Boon 2(0.010 m) ae and B, =—#! = 20 j/T . These contributions are oriented as Vs, 4 ° 2a(2a) shown in Figure 3. Thus, the resultant field at B is 20 AT directed toward the bottom of the pageAtpoint C, B, =B, = #ol/2(av2)=28 AT while B, = sol/2a= 40 iT . These contributions are oriented as shown in Figure 4. Observe that the horizontal components of B, and B, cancel while their vertical components add to oppose B,. The magnitude of the resultant field at Cis Be =(B, +B,)sin45°~B, =(56 iT) sin 45° 40 /T=[0] 49.64 (a) Since one wire repels the other, the currents must be in | (©) Consider a free body diagram of one of the wires as shown at the right. => Tcos8.0°=mg Observe that the distance between the two wires is d=2[(6.0 cm)sin8.0°}=17 cm, so ‘m)(0.040 kg/m)(9.80 m/s*)tan8.0" 2.0x107 T-m/A @A170 CHAPTER19 19.65 Note: We solve part (b) before part (a) for this problem. | (b) Since the magnetic force supplies the centripetal acceleration for this particle, ! qvB = mv*/r or the radius of the path is r= mu/qB . The speed of the particle may be written as v= J2(KE)/m , so the radius becomes [m(KE) /2(1.67x10 kg)(5.00x10° eV)(1.60x10"" J/eV} mE) _ (1.6010 C)(0.0500 T) = 6.46 m Consider the circular path shown at the right and observe that the desired angle is a=sin3 (22) r (a) The constant speed of the particle is v= /2(KE)/m , so the vertical component of the momentum as the particle leaves the field is (J 2(KE)/m sin a =—siner [2m(KE) or p, =~sin(8.90°),/2(1.67 x10" kg)(5.00x10* eV) (1.60x10™ J/eV) ) p, =mv, =—mvsina: = 8.0010 kg-m/s 19.66 The force constant of the spring system is found from the elongation produced by the weight acting alone. F_ mg _(10.0x10* kg)(9.80 m/s*) x x (050x107 m_ =19.6 N/m ‘The total force stretching the springs when the field is tumed on is, ! BE, = B+ mg = Hig19.67 Thus, the downward magnetic force acting on the wire is Fy, = Kwa — =(19.6 N/m)(0.80%107 m) -(10.0%10° kg)(9.80 m/s*) =5.9x107 N Since the magnetic force is given by F, = BILsin90°, the magnetic field is 12. )(5.9x107 N) Bach tum of wire occupies a length of the solenoid equal to the diameter of the wire. Thus, the number of turns on the solenoid is etait = 7502.59 dee 0.100. The length of wire required to make this number of turns on the solenoid is D=N (circumference of solenoid) = N tiqis) = 750" (10.010 m) =75.0m m and this copper wire has a resistance of £ Repo 4(75.07 m’ (0.100107 m)" 5.10 Near the center of a long solenoid, the magnetic field is given by B= sil = UyNI/Lana - ‘Thus, if the field at the center of the solenoid is to be B=20.0 ,/T, the current in the solenoid must be = Blt (20.010 T)(0.750 m) _ TT gN (42x10 T-m/A)(750) and the power that must be delivered to the solenoid is P =PR=(15.9 A)’ (5.10. Q)=1.29%10° W =[1.29 KW172 CHAPTERI9 19.68 (a) A charged particle moving perpendicular to a magnetic field follows a circular arc with the magnetic force supplying the centripetal acceleration. Thus, z erB eB=m— or p= 7 mm ‘The time required for the electron to traverse the semicircular path it follows while in the field is then distance traveled mr__ mm 2(9.11x10™" kg) ‘ erBjm eB (1.60x10-* C)(1.00x10" T) 1.79x10" 5) The maximum penetration of the electron into the field equals the radius of the semicircular path followed while in the field. Therefore, r = 2.00 m= 2.0010 m and (1.6010 €)(2.00%10 m)(1.00%10° 7) ce m 9A110™ kg =3.51x10° m/s ‘The kinetic energy is then smo! = 39.110 kg)(351%10" mys)’ =5.62%10"" J 1.60x10° J or KE=(5.62x10"" ets) 35.1 eV 19.69 With currents in opposite directions, wires 1 and 2 Wire3 Wire 1 Wire 2 repel each another with forces Fiz and Fa as shown in the sketch at the right. For these wires to be in Ez, TE %, equilibrium, wire 3 must exert a force directed to the | ae Sa a 7 right on wire 1 and a force to the left on wire 2. If SO A wire 3 was between wires 1 and 2, the forces it exerts on these two wires would be in the same directions, lesiaaid contrary to what is needed. If wire 3 were to the right 20.0 cme of wire 2, the force exerted on it by wire 2 (having the larger current and being nearer) would always exceed that exerted by wire 1. Hence, wire 3 could not be in equilibrium. Thus, we conclude that wire 3 must be to the left of wire 1 as shown above.Magnetism — 173 (a) For wire 3 to be in equilibrium, we must require that F, =F,,, or Mobld thst giving 4+200 ome( Be 2nd 2(d-+200cm) Is 20.0 cm 20.0 om Thus, 4-77 i)-1 (400 A/L50 A)=1 -=[12.0 em] (to the left of wire 1) (b) Ifwires 1 and 2 are to be in equilibrium, wire 3 must repel wire 1 and attract wire 2 as shown above. Hence, the current in wire 3 must be directed [downward]. The magnitude of this current can be determined by requiring that wire 1 be in equilibrium, or that F,, =F... This gives 2x (12.0 cm) 27(20.0 em) .00 A)(0.600) = [2.40 A Note that the same result could have been obtained by requiring that wire 2 be in equilibrium. p, = Hoh _(42x107 T-myA)(5.00 A) 19.70 (@) B=3h5 ad ‘2 (0.100 m) 1.00x10° T| ® Byl, =(1.00x10° T)(8.00 A) =|8.00%10° N directed toward wire 1 _ byl, _ (47107 T-n/A)(8.00 A) “Und 22(0.100 m) © B 1.60x10° T (@) = Bal, =(1.60x10° T)(5.00 A) =[8.00x10" N directed toward wire 2