Technical

Practical
Grinding Book

A world of
fitting
solutions
in diamond
tools
 Our Company produces metal bond and resin
bond diamond tools, and all kinds of diamond
drills and countersinks.
Through this book we want to give our custo-
mers and agents a technical support able to
give them the opportunity of using our tools in
the best way.
For this reason we describe the characteristics
of the products and the right way to use them,
and give the main information useful for all
processing.
We want to demonstrate that our products come
from a technology that we want to share with
our customers, together with our experience
and the one of all engineers of Elettromeccani-
ca Bovone, our Sister Company, that produces
glass edging machines since 1954.
The synergy between a Company that produces
machines and one that produces tools set on
these machines has allowed us to carry on tests
during the years giving us a wide range of in-
formation and permitting us to verify constantly
the quality of our tools.
Here below we will examine several matters that
we wanted to divide in a logic order starting
from the basis of the diamond tools, that me-
ans the characteristics of diamond and alloying
elements, to arrive to examine the several types
of tools and their processing.

A world of
fitting
solutions
in diamond
tools

4
 INDEX
Diamond, characteristics and applications pag 6
Diamond physics
Kinds of diamond
Grit sizes
Concentration
Alloying elements, characteristics and applications pag 7
Alloying elements for metal bond wheels
Alloying elements for resin bond wheels
Grinding types, general aspects pag 8
Bevel grinding
Flat edge grinding
Pencil edge grinding
CNC grinding
Bevel tools pag 13

Cup wheels for flat edge grinding pag 17

Peripheral wheels for pencil edge grinding pag 20

Wheels for CNC grinding pag 21

Peripheral speed
Working parameters
Drills and countersinks pag 26
Types and characteristics

www.bovonediamond.co www.bovonediamond.com
Diamond
Diamond is a transparent crystal composed by carbon atoms with a tetrahedral structure. Diamonds
have several applications thanks to the physical characteristics of the material composing them. The
main characteristics are the hardness, the dispersion index, the very high thermal conductivity with
fusion point at 3.820°K. The synthetic diamond has been produced for the first time in 1953 in Sweden
and then in 1955 in the USA by means of the application of very high pressures and temperatures.

In glass processing, diamond is the main abrasive, always used for producing the wheels that have to
do a glass removal job. Only polishing wheels do not have any diamond inside.
It is possible to find several kinds of diamond for processing glass in the market, to be adapted to the
several alloying elements and to the processing that each kind of tool has to carry out.

The main characteristics of the diamond added to any alloying element for glass processing are grit
size and concentration.
Grit size is expressed in Mesh or with the FEPA nomenclature. This table compares the two types:

Diamond grit sizes

FEPA Mesh FEPA Mesh

D852 20/30 D126 120/140

D602 30/40 D107 140/170

D427 40/50 D91 170/200
D356 45/50 D76 200/230
D301 50/60 D64 230/270
D252 60/80 D54 270/325

D213 70/80 D46 325/400

D181 80/100 D39 400/500

D151 100/120 D33 500/600

6
 The name FEPA gives the direct information about the diameter of every diamond grain, so that we
can consider le letter D as “diameter” (even if it is not correct to define it this way since the dia-
mond grains are not spheres) and the following number is the size of this same diameter expressed
in micron. For example D151 means that the “diameter” of every single grain is about 0,151mm.

The name MESH supposes a standard sieve 2,5x2,5 cm with some holes. The two numbers show
the minimum and maximum number of holes on this surface and clearly more holes are on the
same surface mean smaller hole diameter. For this reason in the case of MESH, that is commonly
used mentioning only the first number, a bigger number corresponds to a finer diamond, while in
the case of FEPA a bigger number following D corresponds to a bigger diamond.

The diamond concentration is expressed with letter C followed by a number. Number 100 me-
ans a concentration of 4,4 carats for cubic centimetre of alloy, considering that a carat corresponds
to 0,2 grams in weight. So, C50 for instance means that in that alloy diamond concentration is 2,2
carats for cubic centimetre.
The variation of these two characteristics changes the performance of the diamond tool.

Alloying elements
Alloying element is the meaning of a matrix that incorporates the diamond and lets it grind the
glass. The function of the alloying element is to hold the diamond grains until they keep their cutting
characteristics and to wear themselves out through the abrasion. This way the grains that are no
more suitable for cutting are removed and in the meantime the protrusion (emersion) of the lower
grains allows tools’ job.

Metal bond allowing elements are made of mixtures of metals or compounds as Copper, Cobalt,
Zinc, Tin, several carbides that are obtained through high temperature sintering. The mixture of
these elements with the addition of diamond is heated to a temperature and pressed with several
pressure tons to obtain a ring to be inserted in an aluminium support.

Resin bond allowing elements are made of thermosetting resin mixtures in powders or grains,
i.e phenolic, melamine, ureic, added with abrasives, generally aluminium oxides or silica carbides.
These compounds also are subjected to a temperature raise, lower than the metal bond, and at the
same time pressed to obtain a solid ring.

7
Technical practical grinding book
Flat Glass Grinding

Introduction

There are many aspects to be examined when considering a flat glass grinding operations with
diamond tools.
The experience of those working in this industry is various (and sometimes even contradictory) and
in addiction, as there is no specific literature on this subject apart from articles of a vary general na-
ture in trade publications which only examine the more macroscopic aspects of grinding operations,
it is not easy objectively to establish fixed points on which all are agreed.
Things are further complicated by the fact that one is often faced with customers or agents with con-
solidated opinions which have been held for decades, perhaps passed on from father glassworkers
to their sons, which are in contrast with the daily experience of tools manufacturers.
Even the simple denomination of the type of tool for glass sometimes represent a problem. It’s
common, for example, to hear the resin-bonded diamond wheels being referred to as “polishers”,
when they have many functions but not that of polishing glass, a task carried out by synthetic bon-
ded wheels(rubber,polyurethane, polyesters etc.) with abrasives like silicon carbide, corundum and
cerium oxide.
In fact, to be precise, only with cerium oxide abrasive wheels should we really speak of polishing
as these are the alternative to felts working with cerium oxide liquid, which carry out the classic
polishing action, whereas other wheels with silicon carbide or aluminium oxide(corundum) abrasive
have at least a dual abrasion and polishing action.This action, in case of of rough grit sizes (40-80
mesh) is certainly more abrasive than polishing.

Thus the families of wheels for glass should be divided into four categories:

1) Metal bonded diamond wheels

2) Resin bonded diamond wheels(generally phenolic or melaminic resins)
3) Wheels with silicon carbide , corundum or similar abrasives, with a synthetic bond.
4) Synthetic-bonded wheels with cerium oxide abrasive.
5) Felts spiralled or whole, made of wool or synthetic, working with liquid cerium oxide.

The first two wheel types work on fixed motor spindle with speed rotation varying between 2800
and 3500 RPM, while the types 3 , 4 and 5 normally work on air motors at rotational speeds of

8
 1400-2800 RPM ,although there are polishing wheels which can also work on fixed motor spindles.
Normally grinding operations are carried out without using all the five types listed above, each type of
process using only given tools.

Thus considering the most common machining processes I would propose a classification divided into:

a) Bevelling
b )Flat edge grinding with flat edgers(cup wheels)
c) Pencil edge grinding with vertical or double edger machines
d) CNC grinding

We shall briefly examine each case to indicate in general the types of tools necessary and the most com-
mon problems encountered.

Dott.Renato Genocchio
Technical Manager of Bovone Diamond Tools
technical@bovonediamond.com

9
Technical practical grinding book
Bevelling
For bevelling we use metal bond diamond cup wheels, resin bonded diamond cup wheels and felts
with cerium oxide.
Bevelling is the most difficult operation to carry out as there are more machining variables than in the
other processes and also because the quality required is superior precisely because of the “aesthetic”
nature of the bevel.
One normally look at a 30mm bevel on a mirror more critically than a flat or a rounded edge, that’s be-
cause any defects stand out more and are noticeable even to a not expert eye.In addition, technically
we must consider that to create a 30mm bevel with 2,5mm removal at a speed of 2,0mt/min means to
remove 1,25 cubic centimetre of glass per second practically pressing on the side of the glass itself and
causing bending that will be greater the thinner is the glass.To produce a flat edge on a 6mm glass at
3,0mt/min we remove only 0,45 cubic centimetre per second (about a third of the previous amount) and
we work on the edge where the glass cannot bend laterally but at least vibrate if it’s very thin.
Lateral bending in case of bevelling creates a series of problems, from the unclosed corner, to the white
corner and the not straight upper line of the bevel.Very important in addiction are the bevel angle and
the position of the edge of the glass in relation to the wheel center, which in case of Bovone bevellers
can be varied by raising or lowering the rear track of the machine conveyor.

Flat edge grinding with flat edgers (cup wheels)

To grind a sheet of glass with rectilinear sides, it’s obligatory as first step to use one or more metal bonded
diamond wheels for the removal of almost all the glass we want to remove.
For finishing two different tool types can be used: polishing wheels of various grit sizes, also in some cases
ending with cerium oxide impregnated wheels, or resin bonded diamond wheels and felts with cerium oxide
liquid.
In the first case the finishing will be lower quality because the “working lines” will be more evident and the
finish less bright than in the second case, where the flat edge is worked like a bevel with evident improve-
ments in quality.
In this type of grinding the most common problems are the presence of chipping that in case of thin glas-
ses can greatly condition the feed rate.The size of these chips depend mainly on the diamond grit size. An
80/100 mesh or 100/120 mesh will be very suitable for removing a lot of material from even thick glass, but
will leave larger-sized chips especially on glass of 3-4-5mm which vibrates more.These chips, which can
reach a size of 1-2mm, compromise a good working speed. The solution on machine with three diamond
wheels is to set the wheels with removal rates so as to bring the first one to work only if the removal is
greater than 1,0-1,5mm.In this way on thin glass the removal begins with the second wheel which, obviously
having a finer diamond grit, creates fewer chips and allows a greater speed.
In machines with two wheels the best thing would be to use medium-fine grit size tools if most of the produc-
tion is on 3-8mm glass, accepting a lower speed on glass with a thickness greater than 10-12mm.If ,howe-
ver, daily working varies from 3 to 25mm thickness, the most suitable grits in our opinion are 120/140 mesh
on pos.1 200/230 mesh on position 2, which represents the right compromise between removal rate and
chip size.

10
 Pencil edge grinding with vertical or double edger machines
Round edge grinding is probably the most common operation in the field of glass working and very
frequent is the use of double edgers which can be reach speeds of 10-12 mt/min.The most common
speeds however are around 6-8 mt/min, normally with 2 or 3 metal bonded diamond wheels and 2 or 3
polishing wheels with abrasive grit sizes varying from 40 to 180 mesh.
The diamond grit sizes depends essentially on the thickness of the glass to be ground.
Obviously on thinner glasses the amount of glass to be removed is small and therefore fine grits can be
used which produce few chips and permit higher speed (e.g. 200/230mesh+270/325mesh); while for
glasses of greater thickness process must begin with rougher grits of up to 80/100 mesh.
In this type of wheels the tool life is fundamental and every wheels manufacturer has in its catalogue at
least two types of bond which can vary in hardness and/or diamond concentration.

CNC grinding
This type of grinding is commonly carried out to process shaped glass or one containing rectilinear or
rounded re-entries which cannot be ground by the normal edgers and the processing variables like
glass shape, removal rate, speed and rpm of the wheels are managed by software set up by the opera-
tor.
In particular the possibility of varying the motor speed (rpm) enables the use of a large variety of wheels
diameters.For example to enter into arcs with small internal curves the diameter of the tools must be
reduced and the rpm increased to have a sufficient peripheral speed for cutting.
In this regard recently Bovone Elettromeccanica has provided its new Bevellers with an inverter on the
motors which enables to choose the processing rpm depending on the type of bevel and the characteri-
stics of the glass to be worked out.
Thus, for the most common routers, with diameters from 8 to 20mm, the rpm will vary from 10.000 to
14.000 that means a peripheral speed of 5-14 mt/sec, while a 100mm diameter wheel at 5.000 rpm will
have a peripheral speed of 26 mt/sec.

11
Technical practical grinding book
12
 Bevel wheels
Wheels for bevel must have a tender alloying element. The glass deflection under the wheels
action is in fact the main cause of the imperfect angle closure, for this reason wheels do not
have to press so much on glass sheet.
Grit size also is very important, so that it is necessary to find out a compromise between the
need of high glass removal, for instance in case of bevels deeper than 30mm, and the risk of
producing too big chips. Big chips can cause glass breakages, usually being the bevel glass
remaining quite thin mainly on glass sheets 3-4-5 mm. thick.
In the following table we examine our wheels for bevel and our suggestion accordingly to the
machine and bevel to process.
Moreover, in the table describing our tests with coolant, we point out how important is in some
situations the use of the right coolant.
Concerning cerium oxide we confirm that quality is essential and that the best concentration
has not to be lower than 4%.

13
Technical practical grinding book
Cup metal diamond wheels for bevellers
Beveller type Diameter Hole Bond type Band width
Models with 3-4-5 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 4,5mm
Models with 3-4-5 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 4,5mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150/170/190 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 4,5mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150/170/190 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 4,5mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150/170/190 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 4,5mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150/170/190 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 4,5mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150/170/190 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 4,5mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150/170/190 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 4,5mm



Cup resin diamond wheels for bevellers

Beveller type Diameter Hole Bond type Band width
Models with 3-4-5 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin NB 10-15mm
Models with 3-4-5 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin NB 10-15mm
Models with 3-4-5 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin NB 10-15mm
Models with 3-4-5 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin NB 10-15mm
Models with 3-4-5 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin NB 20mm
Models with 3-4-5 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin NB 20mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin NB 10-15mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin NB 10-15mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin NB 10-15mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin NB 10-15mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin NB 10-15mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin NB 10-15mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin NB 10-15mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin NB 10-15mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin NB 10-15mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin NB 10-15mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin NB 20mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin NB 20mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin NB 20mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin NB 20mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin NB 20mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin DL 10-15mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin DL 10-15mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin DL 10-15mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin DL 10-15mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin DL 10-15mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin DL 10-15mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin DL 10-15mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin DL 10-15mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin DL 10-15mm
Models with 6-7 cup wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin DL 10-15mm

14
 Band type Grit Position Bevel width Speed/removal
Continous 120 1 8-30mm Normal
Continous 170 2 8-30mm Normal
Continous 100 1 8-60mm Normal/high
Continous 140 2 8-60mm Normal/high
Continous 170 3 8-60mm Normal/high
Continous 120 1 8-30mm Normal
Continous 170 2 8-30mm Normal
Continous 200 3 8-30mm Normal

General indications: Sets of wheels with finer grit are advised for 3-4 mm glass thicknesses. In fact in these
cases removal is not high and the problem of chips dimensions is very important because of the risks of breakage.

Band type Grit Position Bevel width Speed/removal

Continous 325 First resin 8-30mm Normal
Continous 600 Second resin 8-30mm Normal
Open sectors 325 First resin 8-30mm Normal
Open sectors 600 Second resin 8-30mm Normal
Closed sectors 325 First resin 8-30mm Normal
Closed sectors 600 Second resin 8-30mm Normal
Continous 170 First resin 8-60mm Normal/High
Continous 230 Second resin 8-60mm Normal/High
Continous 325 Third resin 8-60mm Normal/High
Continous 600 Fourth resin 8-60mm Normal/High
Continous 700 Fifth resin 8-60mm Normal/High
Open sectors 170 First resin 8-60mm Normal/High
Open sectors 230 Second resin 8-60mm Normal/High
Open sectors 325 Third resin 8-60mm Normal/High
Open sectors 600 Fourth resin 8-60mm Normal/High
Open sectors 700 Fifth resin 8-60mm Normal/High
Closed sectors 170 First resin 8-60mm Normal/High
Closed sectors 230 Second resin 8-60mm Normal/High
Closed sectors 325 Third resin 8-60mm Normal/High
Closed sectors 600 Fourth resin 8-60mm Normal/High
Closed sectors 700 Fifth resin 8-60mm Normal/High
Continous 170 First resin 8-25mm Normal/High
Continous 230 Second resin 8-25mm Normal/High
Continous 325 Third resin 8-25mm Normal/High
Continous 600 Fourth resin 8-25mm Normal/High
Continous 700 Fifth resin 8-25mm Normal/High
Open sectors 170 First resin 8-25mm Normal/High
Open sectors 230 Second resin 8-25mm Normal/High
Open sectors 325 Third resin 8-25mm Normal/High
Open sectors 600 Fourth resin 8-25mm Normal/High
Open sectors 700 Fifth resin 8-25mm Normal/High

General indications: NB bond type have better performances.DL type bond wheels have
double life but are advised only for bevels widths up to 20-25mm.
15
Technical practical grinding book
Coolants test
Influence of coolant making high bevels
We have made several tests analysing the influence of coolant oil on bevel processing and the results
confirm it mainly in case of production of high bevel (30 to 50 mm).
These results have made confirmed that:
In case of soft water (<25°F) oil influences in permanent way the 1st wheel ammeter.
The decrease towards 1% of oil is 0,3 amperes.
With hard waters (>32°F) the influence of coolant on both pos.1-2 that is higher than the pre
vious case.
The decrease of 1% of coolant corresponds to 0,6 amp.

If we consider 2% coolant and increase water hardness, the absorption power increases only on the
first wheel up to 40°F. After that the amperometer values are stable up to 4o° F hardness. After that
ammeter is constant.
If we don’t use coolant and we increase the water hardness the amperometers values increase conti-
nously.

We understand this way that in case of soft waters to increase oil concentration causes a lower am-
meter reduction than with waters having hardness higher than 40°F. For this reason, in case of high
water hardness the oil percentage has to grow more than in case of soft waters.

16
 Cup wheels for flat edge
grinding

Cup wheels for straight line edging machines have to remove glass accordingly to the
customer’s request and in meantime to leave no scratches on the glass sheet. These two
requirements are antithetical, for this reason there are no wheels able to grant big removal
and very good finishing.

If the machine has several motors we can distribute the diamond grit on more wheels and
this way obtain better finishing and speed, while in case of machines with or one or two
motors, it is necessary to find a compromise between removal and finishing quality.
In the following table we examine our types and instructions accordingly to the machine
and type of glass to process.

The addition of coolant oil is less important with these machines, but advisable in case of
very heavy processing.

17
Technical practical grinding book
Cup metal diamond wheels for flat edgers
Edger type Diameter Hole Bond Band width
Models with 2 diamond wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 7mm
Models with 2 diamond wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 7mm
Models with 2 diamond wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 12mm
Models with 2 diamond wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 12mm
Models with 3 diamond wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 7mm
Models with 3 diamond wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 7mm
Models with 3 diamond wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 7mm
Models with 3 diamond wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 12mm
Models with 3 diamond wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 12mm
Models with 3 diamond wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 12mm
Models with 3 diamond wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 8mm
Models with 3 diamond wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 8mm
Models with 3 diamond wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 8mm
Models with 3 diamond wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 20mm
Models with 3 diamond wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 20mm
Models with 3 diamond wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 20mm
All models 100/120/130/150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 7mm
Models with 2 diamond wheels 170 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 8mm
Models with 2 diamond wheels 170 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 8mm
Models with 2 diamond wheels 170 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 8mm
Models with 2 diamond wheels 170 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 8mm
Models with 3 diamond wheels 170 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 8mm
Models with 3 diamond wheels 170 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 8mm
Models with 3 diamond wheels 170 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 8mm
Models with 3 diamond wheels 170 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 8mm
Models with 3 diamond wheels 170 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 8mm
Models with 3 diamond wheels 170 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Metal 8mm

Cup resin diamond wheels for flat edgers

Edger type Diameter Hole Bond type Band width
Model with 1 resin wheel 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin standard 10-15mm
Model with 1 resin wheel 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin standard 10-15mm
Model with 1 resin wheel 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin standard 10-15mm
Model with 1 resin wheel 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin standard 20mm
Model with 2 resin wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin standard 10-15mm
Model with 2 resin wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin DL/TL 10-15mm
Model with 2 resin wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin standard 10-15mm
Model with 2 resin wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin standard 10-15mm
Model with 2 resin wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin DL/TL 10-15mm
Model with 2 resin wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin standard 10-15mm
Model with 3 resin wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin standard 10-15mm
Model with 3 resin wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin DL/TL 10-15mm
Model with 3 resin wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin standard 10-15mm
Model with 3 resin wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin DL/TL 10-15mm
Model with 3 resin wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin standard 10-15mm
Model with 3 resin wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin standard 10-15mm
Model with 3 resin wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin DL/TL 10-15mm
Model with 3 resin wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin standard 10-15mm
Model with 3 resin wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin DL/TL 10-15mm
Model with 3 resin wheels 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin standard 10-15mm
Model with 2 resin wheels 170 70 Resin standard 10mm
Model with 2 resin wheels 170 70 Resin standard 10mm
Model with 2 resin wheels 170 70 Resin standard 10mm
Model with 2 resin wheels 170 70 Resin standard 10mm
All models 150 10,5/22/50/70/90/other Resin DL 15mm

18
 Band type Grit Position Glass thickness Kind of glass
Continous 120 1 4-19mm Normal
Continous 200 2 4-19mm Normal
Open sectors 120 1 4-19mm Normal/Laminated
Open sectors 200 2 4-19mm Normal/Laminated
Continous 120 1 4-19mm Normal
Continous 170 2 4-19mm Normal
Continous 230 3 4-19mm Normal
Open sectors 120 1 4-19mm Normal/Laminated
Open sectors 170 2 4-19mm Normal/Laminated
Open sectors 230 3 4-19mm Normal/Laminated
Closed sectors 120 1 4-19mm Normal/Laminated
Closed sectors 170 2 4-19mm Normal/Laminated
Closed sectors 230 3 4-19mm Normal/Laminated
Open sectors 80 1 19-50mm Laminated
Open sectors 120 2 19-50mm Laminated
Open sectors 170 3 19-50mm Laminated
Continous 325 Seams All Normal/Laminated
Continous 120 1 4-19mm Normal
Continous 200 2 4-19mm Normal
Open sectors 120 1 4-19mm Normal/Laminated
Open sectors 200 2 4-19mm Normal/Laminated
Continous 120 1 4-19mm Normal
Continous 170 2 4-19mm Normal
Continous 230 3 4-19mm Normal
Open sectors 120 1 4-19mm Normal/Laminated
Open sectors 170 2 4-19mm Normal/Laminated
Open sectors 230 3 4-19mm Normal/Laminated
General indications: Segmented wheels leave a bit more chips than continous band with the same grit.So we advise our customers to use
continuous band if the total amount of laminated glass is less than 20%.However in case of thick laminated glass or with thick PVB layers it’s
indispensable to use open segments wheels.

Band type Grit Position Glass thickness Kind of glass

Continous 325 Unic All Normal
Settori chiusi 325 Unic All Normal
Open sectors 325 Unic All Normal/Laminated
Closed sectors 325 Unic All Normal
Continous 325 1 of 2 All Normal
Continous 325 1 of 2 All Normal
Closed sectors 500 2 of 2 All Normal
Open sectors 325 1 of 2 All Normal/Laminated
Open sectors 325 1 of 2 All Normal/Laminated
Open sectors 600 2 of 2 All Normal/Laminated
Continous 230 1 of 3 All Normal
Continous 230 1 of 3 All Normal
Continous 325 2 of 3 All Normal
Continous 325 2 of 3 All Normal
Closed sectors 600 3 of 3 All Normal
Open sectors 230 1 of 3 All Normal/Laminated
Open sectors 230 1 of 3 All Normal/Laminated
Open sectors 325 2 of 3 All Normal/Laminated
Open sectors 325 2 of 3 All Normal/Laminated
Open sectors 600 3 of 3 All Normal/Laminated
Continous 325 1 of 2 All Normal
Closed sectors 600 2 of 2 All Normal
Open sectors 325 1 of 2 All Normal/Laminated
Open sectors 600 2 of 2 All Normal/Laminated
Continous 600 Seams All Normal/Laminated

General indications: Continous band wheels are advised for intermediated positions,while we advise to use in last position closed segments
wheels. In case of laminated glass open sectors wheels must be used. Harder bond wheels like DL(double life) and TL(triple life) are advised
to be used for intermediate positions. On final position, expecially for high speed, it’s better to use standard bond that is the softest.

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Technical practical grinding book
Pencil edge wheels for
edging machines

In this case also peripheral wheels have to remove glass accordingly to the customer’s requirements
and in meantime leave the less possible scratches on the glass edge. In this case the quantity of
glass to remove is less than the flat edge grinding and for this reason diamond grit size is generally
finer.

As already said for the other edging machines, if there are more motors it is possible to distribute the
diamond grit sizes on more tools, while if there are only one or two motors we have to find a compro-
mise between removal and finishing quality.

In the following table we examine the standards grit sizes for pencil edge wheels.

Wheel type Glass th. Height Rough Medium Fine Fine Fine
(without medium)
pencil edge 3 4 200 270

4 5 170 230

5 6 120 170 230

6 7 120 170 200 230

8 9 100 170 200 230

10 11 100 170 200 230

12 13 80 140 200 230

15 17 70 140 200 230

19 21 70 140 200 230

20
 Tools for grinding with CNC
equipments

Grinding process with CNC equipments presents several aspects being very different the
kinds of tools that it is possible to use.

The following table shows all advisable working parameters and the formula to calculate
the necessary peripheral working speed.

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Technical practical grinding book
CNC-working parameters
Tools diameter 100mm

Glass thickness up to 10mm

Glass cutting
Made with a router 12000-14000 rpm speed 0.7-1.5 mt/min
Flat edge with arris
a)Passage with one segmented wheel or continuous rough grit and 2mm higher than the glass thickness.
Removal 1,0-2,0mm 4000-5000 round-speed 2,5-5mt.
b)Passage with one trapezoidal continuous bond wheel medium or fine grit.
The opening of the trapezoidal wheel is always 2mm higher than the glass thickness and the arrises on
the wheel are 2,5mm. The flat part of the wheel is usually 2mm less than the glass thickness for 4-5mm
glasses (1mm arrises) and 3mm less for glasses 6-8-10mm.
Removal 0,2-0,3mm 4000-5000 rounds-spees 2.5/3.5 mt
d)Polishing 3500 rounds. Removal 0 (to touch).
Pencil edge, pencil edge type BN
For glass thicknesses up to 6mm it is necessary to use only one wheel removal 1mm to 4000-5000 RPM +
the polishing one (speed 2-3mt). The opening of the wheel is usually 1mm higher than the glass thickness.
For thicknesses 8-12mm a rough one (removal 1-1,5mm), a fine one (removal 0,5) and a polishing.

Glass 12-20mm
Glass cutting
Made with a router 12000-14000 rpm speed 0.7-1.0 mt/min
Flat edge with arris
a)Passage with one segmented rough grit and 2mm higher than glass thickness.
Removal.2,0-2,5mm 4000-5000 rounds-speed.1.2-2,0 mt/min
a1)Passage with one medium grit continuous wheel.
Removal 0,5 mm-4000-5000 rounds-speed 1,2-2,5 mt.
This passage can be avoided depending on the required final quality
b)Passage with a fine grit trapezoidal wheel.Removal 0,2-0,4 4000-5000 rounds-speed.1,5-2,5 mt./min
The opening of the trapezoidal wheel is always 2mm higher than the glass thickness and the arrises on the
wheel are 2,5mm. The flat part of the wheel is usually 3mm less than the glass thickness.
d)Polishing.3500 reounds. Removal 0(to touch).Speed 1.5 -2,0 mt.(wearing 0,008mm/mt)
P.S.. If diameter is 50mm or less, rounds will be 10000 and removal and speed will be lower. If diameter is
120mm rounds will be 4000.
Pencil edge, pencil edge type BN
a)Passage with a continuous wheel or segmented pencil edge. Removal 2,0 4000-5000 rounds-speed
1.5-2.0 mt
Wheel opening is 2mm higher than glass thickness..
a1)Passage with a medium grit wheel. Removal 0.5-0.7 4000-5000 rounds speed 1.5-2.0 mt.
This passage can be avoided depending on the required final quality
b) Passage with a fine grit. Removal 0.2-0.4 4000-5000 rounds speed 1.5-2.0 mt.
d) Passage with a polishing. 3500 rounds. Speed 1,5 mt Wearing 0.008 mm/mt
OG edge, double pencil, WF (water fall or half pencil)
a)Passage with one wheel 45° segmented.
Removal 0,0mm 4000-5000 rounds Speed 1.0mt. .
b)One or two passages with a rough grit of the same profile.
Removal 1,5+1,5 to 4000-5000 rounds speed 0,7-1,2mt/min.
c) Passage with a fine grit.Removal 0,2-0,3 mm-4000-5000 rounds speed 0,7-1,2mt/min.
d) Passage with a polishing wheel 3000 rounds, speed l.1,2mt/min. Wearing 0,01mm/mt

22
 Triple pencil edge.
Process is the same as OG, but the rough continuous band makes two passages remo-
ving 0mm first time and 1,5mm second time.
Arrises on flat edge.
Through two diameter 100mm wheels on the same tool with spacer. 5500 rounds, speed
2,0 mt/min. and removal 0.

Peripheral speed formula

3,14 x Tool diameter x RPM

V=
60.000

23
Technical practical grinding book
24
25
Technical practical grinding book
Diamond drill bits
TYPES:
• Continuous rim
• Rim with cuts
• Diameters from 3mm
• Lenght 75mm and 95mm. Other lenghts upon request

MAIN FEATURES:
• Diamond rim thickness: 1 mm
• Diamond rim high: 10 mm
• Diamond grit size: mainly 70/80 mesh or other if required by customer.

TOLERANCE:
• Tolerance on outside diameter is 0,2 maximum

HOW TO USE THEM:

• Water
For a 6mm diameter diamond drill bit, are necessary 4lts. of water per minute.
• Rotation speed.
Advancement can be manual or driven by software in the automatic drilling machines. The correspon-
dence between diamond drill diameter and RPM is the following:

drill bit diameter RPM

4-10mm 4000-5000
10-30mm 2500
30-50mm 1500-1800
50-100mm 1000
>100mm 800-1000

• Dressing
To improve efficiency, it is necessary to dress the diamond drill quite frequently by means of a dressing
stone made of corindone supplied by Bovone Diamond Tools.

26
Diamond drill bits for glass discs production
TYPES:
• Continuos rim
• Rim with cuts
• Lenght 75mm e 95mm. Other lenghts upon request

MAIN FEATURES:
• Diamond rim thickness: 1 mm
• Diamond rim high: 10 mm
• Diamond grit size: mainly 70/80 mesh or other if required by customer

TOLERANCE:
• Tolerance inside drill bits is +/- 0,1 and in any case it respects the requirements of customers. It is ne-
cessary to point out that the conic shape of the inside drill bits permits an easier removal of the “carrot”.

HOW TO USE THEM:

• Water
For a 6mm diameter diamond drill bit, are necessary 4lts. of water per minute.
• Rotation speed.
Advancement can be manual or driven by software in the automatic drilling machines. The correspon-
dence between diamond drill diameter and RPM in the following:

Drill bit diameter RPM

4-10mm 4000-5000
10-30mm 2500
30-50mm 1500-1800
50-100mm 1000
>100mm 800-1000

• Dressing
To improve efficiency, it is necessary to dress the diamond drill bit quite frequently by means of a dres-
sing stone made of corindone supplied by Bovone Diamond Tools.

27
Technical practical grinding book
Countersinks

RING COUNTERSINKS

• On diamond drill bits it is possible to mount the ring countersinks. The diameter corresponds to that
of drills, increased of 5mm.
• The ring countersinks can be supplied with drill, or later. The drill is made the same way, with or
without countersink.
• They have to be used the same way as drills.

FIXED COUNTERSINKS

TYPES:
• Continuos rim
• With holes
• With cuts
• With holes and cuts
• Segmented
• Grit sizes also on request
• They have to be used the same way as drills

28
 A world of
fitting
solutions
in diamond
tools

29
Technical practical grinding book
 AnE
mpl
oye
eOwne
dCompa
ny

1-
800-
234-
1982•1-
336-
766-
1104