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Communication Cell
Communication Cell
Communication Cell
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2. What are the processes when a cell encounters a signaling
molecule ? ( Campbell P255 256 )
I. Reception.
Reception is the target cells detection of a signaling
molecule coming from outside the cell.
So Reception is a signal molecule binds to a receptor
protein, causing it to
change shape
II. Transduction.
The binding of the signaling molecule changes the
receptor protein in some way, initiating the process of
transduction. The transduction stage converts the
signal to a form that can bring about a specific cellular
response.
Transduction sometimes occur in a single step, but
more often require a sequence of changes in a series of
different molecules.
So, transduction is Cascades of molecular interactions
relay signals from receptors to target molecules in the
cell.
III. Response.
In the third stage of cell signaling, the transduced signal
finally triggers a specific cellular. The response may be
almost any imaginable cellular activity, such as catalysis
by an enzyme { or example glycogen phosphorylase},
rearrangement of the cytoskeleton , or activation a
specific genes in the nucleus.
So, Response is : Cell signaling leads to regulation of
transcription or cytoplasmic activities.
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3. What are the characteristic of a good signal ?:
1. Relatively small and able to travel from the site of manufacture
to the target site
2. Can be made or altered relatively quickly
3. Must have capacity to be turned off again (3)
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5. What is the process needed for cell communication ?
( Gerald P617 )
The process is called cell signaling. Cell signaling make it
possible for cells to respond in an appropriate manner to a
specific environment stimulus.
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b. Intracellular receptors
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13. How are the cellular responses be terminated ? ( Gerald
P624 , 640 )
Termination of the response :
1.Dezensitization ( G P624 ) : a process that block active
receptor from turning on
Additional G protein
2. internalization receptor and degradation ( G 640 )