Chapter 14 - Chemical substances for Consumer ChemQuest 2018 ChemQuest 2018 Modul Analisis Bertopik Chemical for Consumer SPM 2003-SPM 2017 Disusun oleh: Cia Mohd Fazdli Bin Mohd Nor SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkak, Johor Nama Sekolah Kelas ‘Modul ini hanya bertujuan untuk kegunaan dalaman sekolah sahaja Tidak dibenarkan sebarang cetakan daripada modul ini untuk tujuan jualan To Excel in Chemistry is to Love ChemistryChapter 14 - Chemical substances for Consumer ChemQuest 2018 5.1 Soap and Detergent ‘Sabun dan Detergen [SPMO9-25] The following equation shows a chemical reaction. Persamaan berikut menunjukkan satu tindak balas kimia, Fat + Sodium hydroxide — glycerol + Sodium salt Lemak + Natrium hidroksida — gliserol + Garam natrium ‘What type of reaction in this? Apakah jenis tindak balas ini? A Neutralization B —_Esterification © —Saponification D Fermentation Peneutralan Pengesteran Saponifikasi Penapaian [SPMO8-29] The following equation represents a reaction, Persamaan berikut mewakili satu tindak balas. Fats + Alkali Fatty acid salt + Glycerol Lemak + Alkali -» Garam asid lemak + Gliserol What is the name of the reaction? Apakah nama tindak balas itu? A Fermentation B ——_Esterification C — Saponification D —Vuleanization Penapaian Pengesteran Saponifikasi Pemvulkanan [SPMO04-18} The information shows a part of the structural formula of a soap molecule. ‘Maklumat menunjukkan sebahagian daripada formula struktur bagi satu molekul sabun. CHs(CH2)4COO Which of the following is the name of that part? Antara berikut, yang manakah nama bagi bahagian itu? A Lauric B Glycerol Cc Palmitate D —_Alkylbenzene Laurik Giiserol Palmitat Alkilbenzena [SPMO3-31] Diagram 9 shows the structure of a soap ion. Rajah 9 menunjukkan struktur ion sabun. Diagram 9/ Rajah 9 Based on Diagram 9, which of the following statements is true? Berdasarkan Rajah 9, pernyataan yang manakah betul? A Parts X and Y are soluble in water Bahagian X dan Y terlarutkan dalam air B Parts X and Y are soluble in grease Bahagian X dan Y terlarutkan dalam gris C Parts X is soluble is grease and part Y are soluble in water Bahagian X terlarutkan datam gris dan bahagian Y teriarutkan dalam air D _ Parts X is soluble is water and part Y is soluble in grease Bahagian X terlarutkan dalam air dan bahagian Y terlarutkan dalam gris iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 2 ‘SINK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkak, JohorChapter 14 - Chemical substances for Consumer ChemQuest 2018 [SPM2010-50] Why is sodium chloride used in the preparation of soap? ‘Mengapakah natrium Korida digunakan dalam penyediaan sabun? A To speed up the reaction to produce soap ‘Mempercepatkan tindak balas untuk menghasilkan sabun B To produce soap which foams easily ‘Menghasilkan sabun yang berbuih dengan mudah © To reduce solubility of soap ‘Mengurangkan keterlarutan sabun D To make soap softer. ‘Menjadikan sabun lebih lembut [SPMO08-19] Diagram 1 shows the structural formula of substances, | Rajah 1 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi suatu bahan, I \ / 9 | \/ tl v ‘0-S-—O i 0 ‘What is the substance? Apakah bahan itu? A Soap B Detergent © Sulphuric acid D Carboxylic acid Sabun Detergen Asid sulfurik Asid karboksilik [SPMO6-34] Which of the following is true about soap or detergent? ‘Antara yang berikut, yang manakah benar tentang sabun atau detergen? A Detergent form scum in hard water Detergen membentuk kekat dengan air liat B Soap form scum in soft water ‘Sabun membentuk kekat dengan air embut Scum decreases the effectiveness of the cleansing action of soap Kekat mengurangkan keberkesanan tindakan pencucian sabun D The presence of magnesium ions in detergent forms scum Kehadiran ion magnesium dalam detergen menghasilkan kekat ISPM06-35] The following chemical equation shows the reaction between stearate ions, CH:(CH:)je COO: and alkyl sulphate ions, ROSOs with calcium ions, Ca°* in hard water. R represents the hydrocarbon long chain. ersamaan kimia berikut menunjukkan tindak balas antara ion stearat, CHs(CHz)16 COO’ dan ion alkil sulfat, ROSO: dengan ion kalsium, Ca" dalam air liat. R mewakil rantai panjang hidrokarbon. 2CHs(CH2)1e COO (aq) + Ca?*(aq) ——» [CHs(CH:):s COO} Cals) 2ROSOs- Na" (aq) + Ca**(aq)__» (ROSOs )2 Ca*(aq) + 2Na’(aq) What is the effect of the addition of calcium ion the concentration of stearate jon or alkyl sulphate ion? Apakah kesan penambahan fon kalsium ke atas kepekatan ion stearat atau ion alkil sulfat? A The concentration of stearate ion increases. C_~—‘The concentration of alkyl sulphate ion increases Kepekatan jon stearat meningkat Kepekatan jon alkil sulfat meningkat B The concentration of stearate ion decreases The concentration of alkyl sulphate ion decreases Kepekatan ion stearat berkurang Kepekatan ion aikil sulfat berkurang [SPM11-12] Which statements are correct about soap and detergent? Pernyataan manakah yang betul tentang sabun dan detergen? ‘Soap Detergent ‘Sabun Detergen A. | Contains acid Contains alkali Mengandungi acid ‘Mengandungi alkali B_ | Effective in hard water Less effective in hard water Berkesan dalam air liat Kurang berkesan dalam air liat iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 3 ‘SINK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkak, Johor10. "1 12, 13, 14, 45, Chapter 14 - Chemical substances for Consumer [Made from vegetable oil Made from petroleum Diperbuat daripada minyak sayuran Diperbuat daripada petroleum D [Does not form scum in hard water Forms scum in hard water Tidak membentuk kekat dalam airliat__| Membentuk kekat dalam air lat ChemQuest 2018 [SPM12-09] Which statement is correct about cleansing action of soap? Pernyataan manakah yang betul tentang tindakan pencucian bagi sabun? A The hydrophilic part of soap molecules dissolves in water Bahagian hidrofilik molekul sabun larut dalam air B _Increases the surface tension of water ‘Menambah ketegangan permukaan air © Soap molecules emulsify water Molekul sabun mengemulsikan air D Reacts with acid to form salt Bertindak balas dengan asid untuk membentuk garam [SPM14-18] What is the main source in the production of detergent? ‘Apakah sumber utama dalam penghasilan detergen? A Palm oil B Minyak sawit Animal fat c Lemak haiwan Ammonia =D Ammonia Petroleum Petroleum [SPM17-40] A student finds out that there is a blood stain on his shirt, Which additive in the detergent will help to Temove this type of stain? ‘Seorang murid mendapati terdapat kotoran darah pada bajunya. Bahan manakah yang dalam detergen akan ‘membantu untuk menghilangan jenis kotoran ini? A Biological enzyme © Suspension agent Enzim biologi ‘Agen pengampal B Foam control agent D Optical whitener ‘Agen pengawal buih Pemutih optik [SPM16-42] A child spilled curry gravy on her school uniform. The stain was very hard to be removed after being washed with a type of detergent. Which additive should be added into a new detergent to make sure the stain can be removed? Seorang kanak-kanak telah tertumpah kuah kari di atas baju sekolahnya. Kotoran itu sangat sukar ditanggalkan setelah dicuci dengan sejenis detergen. Bahan tambah manakah yang perlu aitambah ke dalam detergen baharu bagi memastikan kotoran itu dapat ditanggalkan? A Protease © Sodium carbonate Protease ‘Natrium karbonat B Sodium silicate D Fluorescent dyes Natrium silikat Bahan pendarfluor [SPM15-50] A group of scouts go camping by the seashore. They have to do all their washings using sea water. ‘What is the suitable substance for them to wash their clothes effectively? ‘Sekumpulan pengakap pergi berkhemah di tepi pantai. Mereka perlu menggunakan air laut untuk semua kerja pencucian. Bahan manakah yang sesuai untuk mencuci pakaian mereka dengan berkesan? A Soap B Bleach © Detergent D Antiseptic ‘Sabun Peluntur Detergen Antiseptik 5.2 Food Additive Penggunaan Bahan Tambah Makanan [SPM18-17] A mother wants to bake a cake which is sweet and attractive in colour. Which substance should be added into the cake? ‘Seorang ibu ingin membakar sebiji kek yang manis dan menarik warnanya, Bahan yang manakah perlu ditambah ke dalam kek? A Aspartame and tartrazine © Monosodium glutamate and tartrazine Aspartam dan tartrazina Mononatrium glutamat dan tartrazina B Aspartame and benzoic acid D —_ Monosodium glutamate and benzoic acid Aspartam dan asid benzoik iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor Mononatrium glutamat dan asid benzoik 4 ‘SINK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkak, JohorChapter 14 - Chemical substances for Consumer ChemQuest 2018 46. [SPMO7-20] Which of the following is not a function of food additives? Antara yang berikut, yang manakah bukan suatu fungsi bahan tambah makanan? ‘A Improving the taste © Keeping the food fresher ‘Memperbaik rasa ‘Mengekalkan kesegaran makanan B Adding nutritional value D Ensuring nutritional balance ‘Menambahkan nilai nutrient ‘Memastikan keseimbangan nutrien 47. [SPM17-44] The following dialogue in Diagram 18 shows a discussion in a meeting between food manufacturing workers. Dialog dalam Rajah 18 berikut menunjukkan perbincangan antara pekerja- pekerja pengeluaran makanan, Boss: Iam planning to produce a new food product for kids. Mr. Sham: Since the food will be} | Bos: Saya bercadang untuk menghasilkan produced in large quantity, itmust be] | produk makanan baharu untuk Tong lasting and not easily oxidised. kanak-kanak. En. Sham: Oleh kerana penghasilan ‘makanan ini akan dibuat secara besar-besaran, ianya mesti tahan Jama dan tidak mudah teroksida. Mr. Kairi: I suggest the food] must be sweet but low in| calories. Miss Aimi : I agree, kids] En. Kairi: Saya cadangkan love food with fruity taste. |makanan itu manis tetapi Cik Aimi : Saya setuju, |dengan kalori yang rendah. kanak-kanak sukakan 2 ‘makanan dengan rasa ‘buah-buahan Diagram 18/ Rajah 18 Which of the following substances are the most suitable to be used in the new food product? Antara bahan- bahan berikut yang manakah paling sesuai digunakan dalam produk makanan baharu tersebut? A Tartrazine, lecithin, gelatin Tartrazina, lesitin, gelatin B Aspartame, ascorbic acid, octyl glutamate Aspatam, asid askorbik, okt glutamat © Pectin, sodium nitrate, monosodium glutamate Pektin, natriun nitrat, mononatrium glutamat D Sulphur dioxide, sodium benzoate, triphenyl compounds ‘Sulfur dioksida, natrium benzoat, sebatian trifenil 48, [SPMO8-21] Which substance is used as a food preservative? Bahan manakah yang digunakan sebagai pengawet makanan? A Sodium nitrite © Ascorbic acid ‘atrium nitrit Asid askorbik B Azo compounds D —__ Monosodium glutamate ‘Sebatian azo ‘Mononatrium glutamate 19. [SPM12-08] Substance X slows down the spoilage of food caused by microorganisms. Food will turn bad easily without substance X, What is substance X? Bahan X melambatkan kerosakan makanan disebabkan oleh mikroorganisma. Makanan akan mudah rosak tanpa bahan X. Apakah bahan X? A Stabilisers © Antioxidants Penstabil Pengantioksida B —Flavourings D Preservatives Perisa Pengawet iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 5 ‘SINK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkak, Johor20. 24 22, 23, 24, 25. 26. Chapter 14 - Chemical substances for Consumer ChemQuest 2018 [SPM14-15] What is the food additive used to prevent crackers from turing rancid and changing its taste? Apakah bahan tambah makanan yang digunakan untuk mencegah keropok daripada menjadi tengik dan berubah rasanya? A Stabilisers 8 ——_Flavourings © Antioxidants D Preservatives Penstabil Perisa Pengantioksida Pengawet [SPMO3-38] Which of the following is not a function of food additives? Antara berikut, yang manakah bukan dungsi bahan tambah makanan? A To improve the texture of food © To decrease the rate of oxidation of food ‘Memperbaiki tekstur makanan ‘Mengurangkan kadar pengoksidaan makanan B ——_Toenhance the flavour of food D To increase the rate of digestion of food ‘Meningkatkan perisa makanan ‘Meningkatkan kadar pencernaan makanan [SPM11-16] Which pair is correctly matched? Pasangan manakah yang dipadankan dengan betul? Food additive Example Bahan tambah makanan Contoh A Preservative ‘Ascorbic acid Pengawet Asid askorbik B Flavouring Tartrazine Perisa Tartrazina c Antioxidant T ‘Aspartame Pengantioksida | Aspartam D Thickener ‘Acacia gum Pemekat Gam akasia 5.3 Medicine Ubat [SPM15-4] What is the type of medicine for paracetamol? Apakah jenis ubat bagi parasetamol? A Stimulant = B_Analgesics © Antibiotics D-——Antidepressant ‘Stimulan Analgesik Antibiotik Antidepresan [SPMO04-17] Which of the following is the function of an analgesic? Antara berikut, yang manakah fungsi ubat jenis analgesik? A To calm down the emotion of the patient C — Torelieve pain ‘Menenangkan emosi pesakit ‘Melegakan rasa sakit B —Totreat asthma D To destroy bacteria ‘Merawat penyakit asma ‘Membunuh bakteria [SPMOS-20] Which medicine can relieve a headache? Apakah ubat yang boleh melegakan sakit kepala? A Aspirin B _Cortisone C — _Barbiturate =D Streptomycin Aspirin Kortison Barbiturat Streptomisin [SPMO3-13] Psychiatric patients are always restless and normally experience difficulties in sleeping, Which medicine is suitable to treat these patients? Pesakit psikiatrik sentiasa resah dan biasanya mengalami masalah sukar untuk tidur. Ubat yang manakah sesuai digunakan untuk merawat pesakit tersebut? A Aspirin B Codeine © —_Barbiturate D ——_Streptomycin Aspirin Kodeina Barbiturat Streptomisin iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 6 ‘SINK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkak, JohorChapter 14 - Chemical substances for Consumer ChemQuest 2018 27. [SPMO7-50] The joint of student's leg is swollen and painful. What medicine is suitable to be given to the student? ‘Sendi kaki seorang murid bengkak dan berasa sakit. Apakah ubat yang sesuai diberikan kepada murid itu? A Insulin B _Penicilin © —Barbiturate D Paracetamol Insulin Penisilin Barbiturat Parasetamol 28, [SPMO8-34] A patient complained of pain due to an excess of acid in the stomach, Which substance will help to relieve the pain? ‘Seorang pesakit mengadu sakit disebabkan lebihan asid dalam perut. Bahan manakah yang boleh membantu melegakan sakit itu? A Ammonia © Sodium chloride Ammonia Netrium klorida B Ethanoic acid D Magnesium hydroxide Asid etanoik ‘Magnesium hidroksida Structure (Paper02} 5.1 Soap and Detergent Sabun dan Detergen [sPM2015-02] ‘The following chemical substances arc used to prepare soap in a laboratory, + Palm oil + Concentrated sodium hydroxide solution + Distilled water + Sodium chloride Bahan kimia berikut digunakan untuk menyediakan sabun dalam makmel, @ + Minyak sawit + Larutan natrium hidroksida pekat + Air suling + Natrium Klorida (State the name of the reaction used in the preparation of soap. ‘Nyatakan nama bagi tindak balas yang digunakan dalam penyediaan sabun. [1M] Gi) What is the function of sodium chloride in the preparation of soap? Apakah fungsi natrium klorida dalam penyediaan sabun? [1M] (li) During preparation of soap, palm oll is hydrolysed to palmitic acid and glycerol. Then, palmitic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide as shown in the equation below. Complete the chemical equation to show the formation of soap. ‘Semasa penyediaan sabun, minyak sawit dihidrolisiskan kepada asid paimitik dan gliserol. Kemudian, asid palmitik bertindak balas dengan natrium hidroksida seperti ditunjukkan dalam persamaan di bawah. Lengkapkan persamaan kimia untuk menunjukkan pembentukan sabun, (CHs(CH:)1 [2M ((v) State the materials that can be used to replace sodium hydroxide and palm oil in the preparation of soap ina laboratory. Nyatakan bahan yang boleh digunakan untuk menggantikan natrium hidroksida dan minyak sawit dalam penyediaan sabun di makmal. Replace sodium hydroxide with: ‘Menggantikan natrium hidroksida dengan: iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 7 ‘SINK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkak, JohorChapter 14 - Chemical substances for Consumer ChemQuest 2018 Replace palm oll with: ‘Menggantikan minyak kelapa sawit dengan: [2m (b) Table 2 shows two sets of experiment to compare the effectiveness for the cleansing action of soap and detergent in hard water. Jadual 2 menunjukkan dua set eksperimen untuk membandingkan keberkesanan tindakan pencucian sabun dan detergen dalam air liat. Material | Bahan ‘50 cm? of soap solution + 20 cm? of hard water + cloth with oil stain 50 om Jarutan sabun + 20 om? air iat + kain bertompok minyak ‘50 cm’ of detergent solution + 20 cm? of hard water + cloth with oil stain 50 cm? larutan detergen + 20 cm* air lat + kain bertompok minyak Table 2iJadual 2 Set State the observations of Set 1 and Set 11 ‘Nyatakan pemerhatian bagi Set | dan Set 11. Set | Set Bo Set Il Sot I: (2m) (©) A sock is stained with blood. Suggest one additive in detergent to increase the effectiveness in the cleansing action Sehelai stoking terdapat tompokan darah, Cadangkan satu bahan tambah dalam detergen untuk meningkatkan keberkesanan dalam tindakan pencuciannya. [1M] [SPMO7-01] The following equation shows how soap can be prepared. Persamaan berikut menunjukkan bagaimana sabun boleh disediakan. Palm oil + Sodium hydroxide > Substance X + Soap Minyak sawit + Natrlum bidrosida > BahanX + Sabun (@ () What is the name of this process? [1M] ‘Apakah nama proses ini? (i Stated the name of substance X. [1M] Nyatakan nama bahan X. (W Sodium chloride solid added to the soap mixture to complete this process. Explain why. [1M] Pepejal natrium klorida ditambah kepada campuran sabun untuk melengkapkan proses ini Terangkan mengapa. (b) Two cleaning agents, J and K are used to wash clothes in sea water and river water. Table 1 show the result obtained. Dua bahan pencuei, J dan K, digunakan untuk mencuci pakaian menggunakan air laut dan air sungai. Jadual 1 menunjukkan keputusan yang diperoleh. iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 8 ‘SINK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkak, JohorChapter 14 - Chemical substances for Consumer ChemQuest 2018 Cleaning agent ‘Sea water River water Bahan pencuci Air laut Air sungai i Forms scum Does not form scum Membentuk kekat Tidak membentuk kekat ie Does not form scum Does not form scum. Tidak membentuk kekat | _ Tidak membentuk kekat. Table 1/ Jadual 1 ()_ State the type of cleaning agents J and K. [2M] Nyatakan jenis bahan pencuci J dan K. J K: (i) What is the meaning of scum? [1M] Apakah maksud kekat? () What are the two ions in sea water that causes the formation of scum? [2M] Apakah dua ion dalam air laut yang menyebabkan pembentukkan kekat? (Wv) State one advantage of cleaning agent J compared to K? [1M] Nyatakan satu kelebihan bahan pencuci J berbanding dengan bahan pencuci K? [SPMO5-02] ‘The following equation shows a reaction in the preparation of soap in a laboratory. Persamaan di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas dalam penyediaan sabun di makmal. Palm oil + concentrated sodium hydroxide -> Sodium palmitate (soap) + glycerol Minyak sawit + Natrium hidroksida pekat -» Natrium palmitat(sabun)+ glisero! (@) What is the name of this reaction? [1M] Apakah nama tindak balas ini? (b) (i) What is the homologous series of palm oil? (1M), Apakah siri homolog bagi minyak sawit? (i) Complete the anion part of the soap particle in the space provided. [1M] Lengkapkan bahagian anion bagi zarah sabun itu daiam ruang yang disediakan, CHs CH: CH: CH2 CH: CH: CH: CH: \ =-- oO OK OL BK OK Ne (©) A pupil wants to prepare a potassium palmitate soap. What alkali should he use? [1M] ‘Seorang murid ingin menyediakan sabun kalium paimitat. Apakah alkali yang pertu digunakannya? iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor ° ‘SINK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkak, JohorChapter 14 - Chemical substances for Consumer ChemQuest 2018 (@) Figure 2.1 shows part of the washing action of detergent particles on grease stained cloth. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada tindakan pencucian oleh zarah detergen ke atas kotoran bergris pada Kain Water —} Grease Cloth Figure 2.1/ Rajah 2.1 () State the part of a detergent particle that is soluble in grease. [1M] Nyatakan bahagian zarah detergen yang larut dalam gris. (i) Based on Figure 2.1 explain the washing action of detergent particles on greasy stains, [3M] Berdasarkan Rajah 2.1 terangkan tindakan pencucian oleh zarah detergen ke atas kotoran bergris. (ii) Complete Figure 2.2 to show the condition of grease and detergent particles when the water is stirred. [1M] Lengkapkan Rajah 2.2 untuk menunjukkan keadaan gris dan zarah detergen apabila air dikocak. Figure 2.2/ Rajah 2.2 [SPMO04-02] (@) In preparing soap, a strong alkali solution is added to fats. The mixture is heated and the sodium chloride is added, ‘Semasa proses penyediaan sabun, larutan alkali kuat ditambah kepada lemak. Campuran dipanaskan dan Kemudian natrium klorida ditambah. (i Name one strong alkali used in preparing soap. [1M] Namakan satu alkali kuat yang digunakan dalam proses penyediaan sabun. (i) Why sodium chloride added to the mixture? [1M] ‘Mengapakah natrium klorida ditambah kepada campuran itu? iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 10 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 14 - Chemical substances for Consumer ChemQuest 2018 (b) The statement below is about is about soap and detergent. Pemyataan di bawah adalah tentang sabun dan detergen. The cleaning action of a detergent is more effective than soap in hard water. Tindakan pencucian detergen lebih berkesan daripada pencucian sabun dalam air liat. You have two socks stained with oil. Describe briefly the experimental procedure, observations and conclusions to prove the above statement, by using substance such as soap, detergent and hard water. ‘Anda mempunyai dua helai stoking yang terkena kotoran berminyak. Huraikan dengan ringkas prosedur eksperimen, pemerhatian dan kesimpulan untuk membuktikan pernyataan di atas, dengan menggunakan bahan seperti sabun, detergen dan air lat Procedure of the experiment: [3M] Prosedur eksperimen: (Observations [1M] Pemerhatian: Conclusions [1M]: Kesimpulan: [SPM12-05b] (b) Table 5.2 shows information on the cleaning agent X and cleaning agent Y. Jadual §.2 menunjukkan maklumat mengenai agen pembersin X dan agen pembersih Y. Cleaning agents " 9 ‘Agen pembersih | Molecular formula 7 Porat (CHs(CH2):sCOONa | CHs(CH:)0SO3Na Oil stain remain Oil stain disappears Kesan minyak kekal Kesan minyak hilang Cleaning action in hard water Tindakan pencucian dalam air liat Table 5.2 Vadual 52 (Which cleaning agent is soap? ‘Agen pembersih yang manakah adalah sabun? [1M] iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor u 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 14 - Chemical substances for Consumer ChemQuest 2018 (ii) State the name of the process to prepare soap. Nyatakan nama proses untuk menyediakan sabun [1M] Gi) With the use ofthe following materials, describe briefly how to differentiate between soap and detergent Dengan menggunakan bahan-bahan berikut, huraikan secara ringkas bagaimana membezakan antara abun dengan detergen Y 059 soap V0.5 detergent —_V hard water ‘two boiling tubes 0.5 g sabun 0.5 detergen air liat dua tabung didih [3M] 52 Food Additive Penggunaan Bahan Tambah Makanan [SPM12-05] Table 5.1 shows information of three different food additives, P, Q and R Jadual 5.1 menunjukkan maklumat bagi tiga bahan tambah makanan yang berbeza, P, Q dan R. Food additive information Bahan tambah makanan Maklumat ‘Added to a low-calorie soft drinks To sweeten it and for the consumplion of diabetic p patients, Ditambah kepada minuman ringan berkalori rendah supaya ia menjadi manis dan untuk kegunaan pesakit diabetes, a ‘Added to fresh meat to preserve it and to make it looks fresh Ditambah kepada daging segar supaya ia tahan lama dan kelihatan segar. ‘Added to pickled chill to provide an acidic condition, to slow down or inhibit the fF growth of microorganisms. Ditambah kepada jeruk cil untuk menyediakan keadaan yang berasid, untuk melambatkan atau merencatkan pertumbuhan mikroorganisma. Table 5.1 (Jadual 5.1 (@) (i Suggest the name for food additives P, Q and R. Cadangkan nama bagi bahan tambah makanan P, Q dan R. Pra. Q Reese E [3M] (i) State the advantage, disadvantage and your conclusion about the uses of food additives in daily life. Nyatakan kebaikan, keburukan dan kesimpulan anda tentang penggunaan bahan tambah makanan dalam kehidupan. [3M] iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 12 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 14 - Chemical substances for Consumer ChemQuest 2018 5.3 Medicine Ubat [SPMO6-01] (@) Diagram 1.1 shows a ginger plant. Ginger can be used as a traditional medicine. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan satu pokok halia, Halia boleh digunakan sebagai ubat tradisional. A Diagram 1.1/ Rajah 1.1 ( Which ofthe parts P, Q, R or Sis used as the main source of medicine? Mark () for your answer in the box provided in Diagram 1.1. [1M] Antara bahagian P, Q, R dan S, yang manakah digunakan sebagai sumber utamea ubat? Tandakan (\) untuk jawapan anda dalam kotak yang disediakan dalam Rajah 1.1. (i) What illness can be cured by using ginger? [1M] Apakah penyakit yang boleh diubati menggunakan halia? Gi) How is ginger used to treat the illness in 1(a)(i)? [1M] Bagaimanakah cara halia digunakan untuk merawat penyakit di 1(a)(i)? (b) Table 1.1 shows the functions of three types of medicine. Jadual 1.1 menunjukkan fungsi tiga jenis ubat moden. Function Type of medicine Fungsi Jenis ubat Prevents pain ‘Menghalang rasa sakit x Kills or prevents the reproduction of bacteria ‘Membunuh atau menghalang pembiakan bakteria_| Y: Changes the emotions and behaviour of the patient ‘Mengubah perasaan dan kelakuan pesakit z (Complete Table 1.1 to show which medicines have the functions given in the table. [3M] Lengkapkan Jadual 1.1 untuk menunjukkan ubat yang mempunyai fungsi yang dinyatakan dalam jadueal it. Gi) What is the side effect of medicine of type X if tis used by a child of less than 2 years old? [1M] Apakah kesan sampingan ubat jenis X sekiranya digunakan oleh kanak-kanak yang berusia kurang darjpada 2 tahun? (ii) A patient treated by medicine of type Y must complete all the supply given by the doctor in order to make sure all the bacteria are killed. What will happen if NOT all the bacteria are killed? [1M] ‘Seorang pesakit yang dirawat menggunakan ubat jenis Y perlu menghabiskan semua bekalan ubat yang diberi oleh doktor untuk memastikan semua bakteria telah dibunuh, Apakah akan berlaku sekiranya tidak ‘semua bakteria dibunuh? iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 13 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 14 - Chemical substances for Consumer ChemQuest 2018 (iv). Tranquilizer is an example of medicine of type Z. Give ONE change that might happen to a patient's ‘emotion when treated using this medicine. [1M] Trankullizer adalah contoh ubat daripada jenis Z. Beri satu perubahan yang mungkin berlaku kepada perasaan pesakit yang dirawat menggunakan ubat ini [sPM2004.2] (© Analgesic and psychotherapeutic medicines are used to treat patients. Aspirin is an analgesic medicine and barbiturate is a psychotherapeutic medicine. ‘Analgesik dan psikoteraputik adalah ubat yang dugunakan bagi merawat pesakit. Aspirin adalah contoh ubat ‘analgesic dan barbiturate adalah contoh ubat psikoteraputik @ What is the function of a barbiturate? [1M] ‘Apakah fungsi barbiturate? (ii) Children are advised not to take aspirin because it bleeding of the intestine and stomach, ‘Suggest one other medicine to replace the aspirin. [1M] Kanak-kanak tidak digalakkan mengambil aspirin kerana ubat itu mengakibatkan pendarahan usus dan perut, Cadangkan satu ubat lain untuk menggantikan aspirin. (i) Diagram 2 shows the structural formula of aspirin, Rajah 2 adalah formula struktur bagi aspirin. on t ee _- | Lod ce 7 N20 AN \ ‘ Diagram 2/ Rajah 2 What is the molecular of aspirin? [1M] Apakah formula motekul aspirin (iv) What is the molecular mass of aspirin? Berapakah jisim molekul bagi aspirin? [Use the information that relative atomic mass of H=1, C=12 and O=16 J[1M] iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 14 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 14 - Chemical substances for Consumer ChemQuest 2018 Essay {Paper02} 5.1 Soap and Detergent Sabun dan Detergen [SPM11-08b] (b) Diagram 8.2 shows the result of two different cleaning agent, A and B, used to removed grease stain on a shirt Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan keputusan dua agen pencuci, A dan B, yang berbeza, digunakan untuk menanggalkan kotoran bergris pada sehelai baju. Cleaning agent A B Agen pencuci ‘Structural formula aoe CH(CH:)sCOO Formula struktur ieee Hard water + FJ Hard water + i o ni B Cleaning in hard cleaning agent A cleaning agent water Air tat + agen Air lit + agen Pencucian dalam air encuct A wy] vce fat Grease stain EFI Grease stain Kotoran bergris Kotoran bergris Some grease stain still Result Grease stain removed aah Keputusan Kotoran bergris ‘Masih terdapat sedikit ditanggatkan otoran bergris Diagram 8.2) Rajah 8.2 Based on Diagram 8.2, compare and contrast the cleansing action of the two cleaning agents in hard water. Explain your answer and state the type of cleaning agent A and cleaning agent B. fem) Berdasarkan Rajah 8.2, banding dan bezakan tindakan pencucian bagi kedua-dua agen pencuci itu dalam air lat. Terangkan jawapan anda dan nyatakan jenis agen pencuci A dan agen pencuci B [SPM2008-7c] (@) Diagram 7.3 shows the apparatus used to investigate how to remove an cily stain from a cloth and the observations made from that investigation. Rajah 7.3 menunjukkan radas yang digunakan untuk mengkaji bagaimana membersihkan kesan minyak daripada sehelai kain dan pemerhatian yang diperoleh daripada kajian itu. Experiment ‘Apparatus ‘Observation Eksporimen | Radas Pemerhatian 20 cm? cleaning agent A + 500 om® of soft water. 20 cm? agen pencuci A + 500 om’ air lembut Cloth i) ily stain is removed Olly Stain Kesan minyak hilang ‘Kesan minyak 20 cm deaning agent A + 500 om? of hard water. 20 cm? agen pencuci A + 500 om’ air liat Cloth 1 Kain Olly stain remains Kesan minyak kekal Olly Stain Kesan minyak iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 18 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 14 - Chemical substances for Consumer ChemQuest 2018 20 am? cleaning agent B + 500 om® of soft water 20 cm? agen pencuci B + 500 cm? air lembut Cloth MH Kain ily stain removed lly Stain Kesan minyak hilang ‘Kesan minyak 20 cm? cleaning agent B + 500 cm® of hard water. 20 om? agen pencuci B + 500 cm? air liat Cloth v Kein Oily stain removed Oily Stain Kesan minyak hilang ‘Kesan minyak () Based on the given information in Diagram 7.3, compare and explain the effectiveness of the cleaning action between Berdasarkan maklumat yang diberi dalam Rajah 7.3, banding dan terangkan keberkesanan tindakan pencucian antara . Experiment | and Ill . Experiment Il and IV (i) Identify the cleaning agents, A and B, State which cleaning agent is more effective. Kenal pasti agen pencuci A dan B. Nyatakan agen pencuci yang lebih berkesan, [omy [SPMO3-08] © ‘A student discovered that his socks have oily stains, He washed them with soap. ‘Seorang pelajar mendapati sarung kakinya terkena kotoran berminyak. Dia mencuci sarung kkakinya dengan sabun. Explain the cleansing action of soap on the oily stain. [8M] Terangkan tindakan pencucian sabun terhadap kotoran berminyak itu, (©) A student carried out four experiments to investigate the cleansing effects of soap and detergent on oily stains in soft water and hard water. Table 2 shows the set up apparatus, types of water used and the observations for Experiments |, Il, ll and IV. ‘Seorang pelajar menjalankan empat eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan pembersihan bahan pencuci faitu sabun dan detergen ke atas kotoran berminyak dalam air biasa dan air iat. Jadual 2 menunjukkan susunan radas, Jenis air dan pemerhatian bagi Eksperimen |, I, ill dan IV. Experiment i W i [ Ww Set up of Soap + ‘Soap + Detergent + Detergent + apparatus soft water hard water soft. water hard water ) ) Cloths Cloths Cloths Cloths with oily with oily with oily with oily stains stains stains stains Olly stains Oily stains Olly stains observation | dsappearea | O¥Y stains remained | appeared disappeared Pemerhatian | Kotoran berminyak Nene | Kotoran berminyak | Kotoran berminyak hilang hilang hilang iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 16 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 14 - Chemical substances for Consumer ChemQuest 2018 ‘Compare the cleansing effects between Bandingkan kesan pembersinan antara () Experiments | and It (i) Experiments Il and IV Explain why there are differences in the observations, State the substances which are more suitable as a cleansing agent to remove oily stains. [8M] Terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan dalam pemerhatian tersebut. Nyatakan bahan yang lebih sesuai ‘sebagai bahan pencuci kotoran berminyak. 5.2 Food Additive Penggunaan Bahan Tambah Makanan [SPMO3-08] {(@) State two methods of food preservation which used in our daily lives and explains how the methods work. [4M] Nyatakan dua kaedah pengawetan makanan yang diguanakan dalam kehidupan seharian dan terangkan bagaimana kaedah pengawetan itu bertindak [SPM11-08a] (@) Diagram 8.1 shows the label on a pack of food, Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan label bagi satu bungkusan makanan cre j Ingredients Flour, sugar, eggs, monosodium glutamate (MSG), ‘Sunset Yellow and ascorbic acid Net Weight 120 gram Bahan-bahan Tepung, gula, telur, monosodium glutamat(MSG), ‘Sunset Yellow dan asid askorbik Berat Bersih 120 gram Diagram 8.1/Rajah 8.1 (@ State two types of food additives found on the label and state the function for each type of food additives. [4M] ‘Nyatakan dua jenis bahan tambah makanan yang terdapat pada label itu dan nyatakan fungsi bagi setiap bahan tambah makanan tersebut. (i) One of the ingredients in the food is not suitable for a diabetic patient. State the ingredient and suggest another food additive that can give the same sweetness but has a lower calorie content. [2M] Satu daripada bahan dalam makanan itu tidak sesuai bagi pesakit diabetik. Nyatakan bahan tersebut dan cadangkan satu bahan tambah makanan lain yang dapat memberi kemanisan yang sama tetapi mempunyai kandungan kalori yang lebih rendah, iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 7 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 14 - Chemical substances for Consumer ChemQuest 2018 [SPMo8-07] (@) Diagram 7.1 shows a list of ingredients for a type of food. Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan senarai bahan kandungan untuk sejenis makanan, PINEAPPLE JELLY/ AGAR AGAR NANAS Ethyl butanoate/ Eti! butanoat ‘Sucrose / Sukrosa Citric acid Asid sitrik Gelatin’ Gelatin ‘Sodium benzoate/ Natrium benzoate From the list of ingredients, select two substances used as food additives. State the function of each food additive that you have selected. [4M] Daripada senarai bahan kandungan, pilih dua bahan yang digunakan sebagai bahan tambah makanan, ‘Nyatakan fungsi setiap bahan tambah makanan yang anda telah pith [SPM2010-07b] (b) Food additive have been used by mankind for centuries. Diagram 7 shows part of the labels on three food containers, Bahan tambah makanan telah digunakan beberapa abad oleh manusia. Rajah 7 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada label pada tiga bekas makanan Pineapple in syrup Tomato Sauce Vanilla ice Cream Nanas dalam Sirap Sos Tomato Ais Krim Vanila ‘Sweet and made traditionally from Tasty and last long Tasty and smooth natural source ‘Sedap dan tahan lama Berperisa dan lembut Manis dan dihasitkan secara tradisional daripada sumber asii Ingredients: Ingredients: Ingredients. Fresh pineapple slices Tomato, Sugar, Sait Milk, Vanilla, Sugar Food additive P Com Flour Artificial colour Kandungan: Artificial colour Food additive R Kepingan nanas segar Food additive Q ‘Kandungan: Bahan tambah makanan P ‘Kandungan: Susu, Vanila, Gula Tomato, Guta, Garam Pewarna tirvan Tepung jagung Bahan tambah makanan R Perwama tiruan Bahan tambah makanan Q Diagram 7 /Rajah 7 (@P, Qand R are food additives. Based on the label on the food containers in Diagram 7. ‘= Slate the name of food additive P, Q and R © Determine the types of food additives and their functions respectively. [eM P, Qdan R adalah bahan tambah makanan. Berdasarkan label pada bekas makanan dalam Rajah 7: ‘© Nyatakan nama bahan tambah makanan P, Q dan R. ‘+ Kenal pastijenis bahan tambah makanan itu dan fungsi masing-masing (i) What is the effect of taking excessive food additive @ for a long period of time? Apakah kesan pengambilan bahan tambah makanan Q secara berlebihan dalam tempoh masa yang panjang? iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 18 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, JohorChapter 14 - Chemical substances for Consumer ChemQuest 2018 5.3 Medicine Ubat [SPM2008-7(b)] (b) Diagram 7.2 shows a conversation between Aida and May Ling Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan perbualan antara Aida dan May Ling. Thave a headache, The doctor advised met) [(Thave a bacterial infection. The doctor avid) {ake this medicine and follow his prescrpion, | | me to follow his prescription src Saye sabi hepa. Dator mena 92 Siu mendpatjagltan batterie. Dobe ment, tapos man wot ni meng preps. __) \ spa spay menatah pretpsine deg ket Aida May Ling Diagram 7.2) Rajah 7.2 ‘These two students met a doctor and some medicine was prescribed to them. For each medicine, state its name, type and the correct usage. [6M] ‘Kedua-dua orang munid ini berjumpa dengan doctor dan beberapa ubat telah dipreskripsi kepada mereka, Bagi setiap ubat, nyatakan nama, jenis dan cara penggunaan yang betul. iy Mohd Fazal Bin Mohd Nor 9 'SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkok, Johor