START
“Cogito ergo sum.” – “I think,
therefore, I am.” This means that
he could not doubt that he exists
because of that fact that the self
is conscious, he is the one doing
the doubt in the first place.
René Descartes
born on
31 March 1596
“There is no self”. Hume
stated that self-identity is only
a product of imagination and
if people would examine their
sense experience through
introspection, they’ll learn
that self does not exist.
David Hume
born on
7 May 1711
“The self-multilayered”.
According to Freud, the self
consists of conscious and
unconscious driven by reality
principle and pleasure principle,
and preconscious that is
between the conscious and
unconscious part of the self.
Sigmund Freud
born on
6 May 1856
“The self is the brain” that
means the self and the brain
are one. Also, he holds to the
belief that nothing exists but
matter. The mind means the
physical brain, and not the
mind that can’t be seen.
Paul Churchland
born on
21 October 1942
1 born on 354 AD
Saint Augustine
“I am doubting therefore I am”.
He combined the idea of Plato
and Christianity. He stated that
the soul is immortal and superior,
to the physical body. He also said
2
that God created humans based
on his own image and that we
were all created as good
individuals.
born on
3
29 August 1632
John Locke
“The self is consciousness”. This
simply means that our minds and
self-identity are blank at birth
but, as we grow it primarily
4
develops through sensed
experiences.
born on
5
22 April 1724
Immanuel Kant
He stated that our
consciousness is composed
of our inner self which
6 includes our psychological
state and rational intellect
and our outer self that
pertains to our senses and
physical environment.
born on
7
19 August 1900
Gilbert Ryle
“The self is the way people
behave”. Which basically
8 means that the self
depends on how we
behave and that the self is
the same with our
behavior.
 “The self is embodied
Subjectivity” is a concept that
means all knowledge about the
world and ourselves is based on
personal experiences. He also born on
9
19 August 1900
stated that the self can never be
truly objective because
everything is about how we give
perceptions.
Edmund Husserl

Maurice Merleau-
Ponty The self is the mental and
physical woven together that
born on totals as one’s experience in
10
21 October 1942 life. He and Merleau-Ponty
both agreed that our living
body is a natural synthesis of
mind and biology.

END

References:
Rolex (2015). The Philosophical Perspective of the Self. Retrieved from
https://iamrolex.wordpress.com/2018/09/06/the-philosophical-perspective-of-the-self/
on October 8, 2020.
Whittemore J (2015). Immanuel Kant's Metaphysics of the Self. (2015). Retrieved from
https://study.com/academy/lesson/immanuel-kants-metaphysics-of-the-self.html on
October 8, 2020.