Exercise 2 (§ points) Regulation of Calcemia Calcium isan essential bone component that ensures its rigidity. Calcemia or the concentration of Ca* in blood maintains “a ‘constant value In order to understand the regulation of calcemia, the following ‘experiments are performed. Experiment 1 Dog A is subjected to the ablation of parathyroid glands at t, followed by an intravenous injestion of parathyroid extracts att ‘The obtained results are represented in document 1 Experiment 2 Dog Bis subjected to the ablation of the thyroid gland at t followed by an intravenous injection of thyroid extracts at 12. ‘The obtained results are presented in document 2 1L.1- Analyze the results of each experiment. 1.2- What can you conclude? Experiment 3 A fasting dog receives repeated injections of high quantities of parathyroid extracts; it shows an abnormal increase in ealeemia, followed. after a certain time, by bone fragility (decalcification) ‘accompanied by spontaneous fractures. 2. Determine, by referring to experiment 3, the probable origin, of calcium in the blood. ‘3. Name the thyroid hormone and indicate another role of it. ‘Caleemia (ug er 100 mL) 1s} Abtonnjecton of ee 2 q uth Time ‘Document 1 Calcemia (ng pert00 mL) yb TimeQuestion I (5 pts) To determine the relation between the pituitary sland andthe thyroid gland, we did the following experiment. We chose xo lots of similar rats. We removed the pituitary glands ofthe 1* lot, and left the 2 lot untreated asa control. We measured the ‘variation of the mass of the thyroid gland of both lots of rts as a function of time, The results are revetled in the adjacent document. ‘a Interpret the obtained results be By what means do the two glands ‘& Name the hormones secreted by the thyroid ‘land, and the chemical substances that ‘enter into the composition of these Ihommones ‘Mas of eroid (ampWhat is stress? ‘Stress is a biological response to an external stimulus that could be pl This is a quasi-reflex which takes place in three phases. First, a shock or an alarm phase that intervenes at the moment you receive the stressful stimulus: the cardiac rhythm Increases, muscle tonicity and the rate of blood sugar drop. The body is going t0 adapt. To do so, the nervous system sends a message to the hypothalamus which, in turn, acts on the adrenal medulla to release adrenaline. Adrenaline provides the body with the needed energy by Imereasing the heart rhythm in order to supply the muscles and the tissues with a greater amount of | oxygen. If the stimulus of stress persists, the individual will pass to a resistance phase. The body begins to seerete other hormones: cortisol and sex hormones and other substances such as dopamine and in. At this stage, the body reacts to survive the dangerous situations. If stress persists, the body: passes to an exhaustion phase. The iummune defenses are weakened and tension becomes excessive: thus, fatigue, anger, and even depression appear. Stress is never an invariable response. Facing the same situation, individuals react differently sical, psychological or sensory Lick out fiom the text AA The symptoms of the alam phase 2. The role of adrenaline. 1.3. The signs characterizing the exhaustion phase 2 List the common structures that are involved in both stress and innate reflex. 3. Specify, by referring to the text and tothe acquired knowledge, one difference between stress and innate reflex.