ACTPOHOMMMECKOE EURO-ASIAN Roun OTS ‘OsulecTeO @D ssrronomenr socery Group | | XVII Mexaynapoanas actponommueckas oauwnuaza em XVII International Astronomy Olympiad wen cumuron FEE] English Kopes, Keanvay Theoretical round. Problems to solve General note. Maybe not all problems have correct questions. Some questions (maybe the main question of the problem, maybe one of the subquestions) may make no real sense. In this case you have to write in your answer (in English or Russian) 13 ay 5. 6. ‘impossible situation — enryana nenoamoxua». OF course, this answer has to be explained numerically or logically Data from the tables (Planetary data, stars, constants, etc.) may be used for solving every problem. “The answers «la-Yes» or «Het-No» have to be written in English or Russian. Transit of Venus. Recently, on June 6, 2012, an infrequent astronomical phenomenon, transit of Venus across the solar disc, took place. The next transit of Venus will take place only in 2117. Calculate the date of that transit, (Answer without calculations will not be considered even as a partial solution.) Transit of Pseudovenus. Recently, on June 6, 2012, an infrequent astronomical phenomenon, transit of Venus across the solar disc took place. Suppose somebody did not understand the phenomenon and ascribed it not to transit of real Venus but of some moon, which we name Pseudovenus, rotating around the Earth in a circular orbit. Find the radius of the orbit of Pseudovenus and diameter of this sky body. Effects due to axial rotating of the Earth should not be taken into account, Old persons’ star. There is ancient legend in Korea that says, if you managed to see the “Old persons’ star” thrice, you are lucky person and will live a long life. The “Old persons’ star”, now known as Canopus, was seen brighter and better in past times, but even now sometimes one can see this star in Korea. Estimate approximately what visible stellar magnitude Canopus may have when observing it from the southern coast of Jeju island (Korea) in the most favorable conditions. The territory of the island is located at latitudes between 33°12' N and 33°34' N and longitudes between 126°09' E and 126°57' E. Take from the tables and recollect for yourself the necessary additional information. Stars on Mars. As you know, last year the Polar Bear (whom you have already met in the texts of many International Astronomy Olympiads) arrived to Mars for astronomical observations. Nowadays his friend Penguin also made a fascinating journey to Mars. At the same instant of time, the Bear and the Penguin observe stars in zenith and see Canopus and Sirius respectively. Estimate roughly, what is the distance (measured on the Martian surface) between the animals? At what height above the horizon does the Bear observe Sirius? The solution has to include a picture with an image of the Bear and the Penguin on Mars. Necessary sizes or angular sizes should be in the picture. Recollect for yourself the necessary information about the Polar Bear and Penguin. Venus and Earth, At what maximum distance from the Venus ecliptic the Earth can be visible in the sky from Venus (actually, from a point outside the Venus atmosphere)? Orbits of the planets may be considered circular. Parallaxes. In our part of the Galaxy the mean distance between the stars is about 6 light years. Assume that an interferometer can measure parallaxes with an error of £0.01 are second. How many stars of our Galaxy could have their parallax determined by this interferometer? Ropes, Keawany 2012 Gwangie, Korenserrowomnecros enc anan aousa (THEO ‘oBwECTEO ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY a Group | & [B XVII Meaaywapoauaa acrpovommeckan oauwmuara XVII International Astronomy Olympiad Tmuae| Pycekuit aa oe ee ee [adie Daemenrer op6ur. @uauseckne xapakrepucrHkn HexoToperx naaner, JIyHe1, Comma 1 Spurs Parameters of orbits. Physical characteristics of some planets, Moon, Sun and Eris ‘Cpeanee ‘Cimepuriecknit Ha-_ | Sxe- | Sxparo- Cpea- | Vex: Make. HeGecnoe | paccromme or | (nnanturoniemit) | xox | ue | prawn. | Macea | nn | e800. | Hae | Grece, Teao, | uetnpanuoro Tena | nepiox oGpauesis | opi |xpuick-| Avawtetp ruror- | ‘tax. | sro | mex e | Am- unavera Pw 7 . a fn | er ners | yo. | “oon | Sen | x0 acmp. | sin, | poms. | cpesmee | ™ 2 4 * cr | “ew | "rome | Eymoe |e [oe | | rane | ew? | we ‘Average distance to | — Sidereal period Eo] Equat Grave Max. Body, | “central bod (oranalaous) — | incin-| centri diameter] Mass accetr,| Axial | magn. | AL planet [in it | elias ation, | “ity atsurt| “un | From | Sedo ast tropical | in 4 _ Pa ints | 10°km | "years | days | # |e | A" | 20h | prem! | ms? 5) Commie ‘Sun = 1,6-10° | 2,5-10" | 2,2-108 8-10" 1392000] 1989000} 1,409) -26,74" Meprypi Nepoe™ | ossr] 5x9] 024] 7969 | 700°} 0206 | 4879) 03302] sas} 3.70] ors 0.06 Benepa Venus. 0,723 | 108.2 | 0.615 | 24,7007 | 3,40 | 0,007 | 12108] 4,8690] 5.24 | 8,87] 177,36 0,78 Sevan inn 1,000 | 149.6} 1,000 | 365,2564 | 0,00] 0.017) 12756] 59742] ss15| 9.81 | 23,44 036 siya a | o.00257 | 0.38440 | oo7as | 273217] 5,15] 0.055] 3.475] 0.0735) 3.34 | 1.62] 6.7 007 M Mars, 1.524] 2279] 1,880] 686,98] 1,85] 0,093] 6794] 0,6419) 3.94 | 3,71] 25,19] -2,0"] 0.15 Jonm rome | 5204] 7786 | 11802] 433259] 130 oss {142988 | 19998 | 133 | 2486] 3.3] 27%] 066 carypn Sau 9,584] 1433,7| 29.458 |10 759.20 | 2.48 | 0,084 |120 536] 568,50 | 0,70 | 10.41} 26,73] 0,7] 068 Spun ERs 68.05 205 029 0435 | 2326] 0.0167] 2,52 | 07 0,96 **) Jaa Jlynt— » cpeatiem npotiaoctosins ) For Moon — in mean opposition. open, Keanany 2012 Gwangju, KorenACTPOHOMMYECKOE EURO-ASIAN Round Enhieo caucere A asrsoxomon. sooty Group | a||B XVII Mexaynapoauas actpowommueckas oamvnnaja — ae = XVII International Astronomy Olympiad janguage| PyCcK uit ee A Koper, Kaansny —16-24X.2012—Gwangiu, Korea Teange| English Hekoropste Koncrantet 1 opmy-1Bt Some constants and formulae Cxopoers cnera p Bakyywe, ¢ (s/c) 299 792 458 Speed of light in vacuum, c (1/s) Tpaniraunontaa noctosunas, G(H-Mt/Kr*) 6.674:10" Constant of gravitation, G (N-m*/kg") Coatieutias nocrosnuas, A (Bris) 1367 Solar constant, A (W/m?) Tlapaerp Xa66na, __epeattice swawentne 7 mean value Hubble parameter, Ho (Kw/c/MITx) ——_aaraso# stiaentti 50-100 diapason of values Hg (knv/s/Mpe) Tocroanaa Franka, h (Ibx-e) 6.62610 Plank constant, h (J-s) Bapant anexrpona, ¢ (Kit) 1.602:10 Charge of electron, e (C) Macca asiekTpona, Me (Kr) 9.109:10°" Mass of electron, m, (kg) Coottouienne Mace nporowa # a77eKTpoHa 1836.15 Proton-to-electron ratio Tlocrossiias apanes, F (Kv Mo.) 96 485 Faraday constant, F (C/mol) Marwurrniaa riocrostitias, po (CH/M) 1.287-10% Magnetic constant, uo (H/m) Yrpepcattutiaa rasonas niocrosnas, R (Jbw/MomwWK) 8.314 Universal gas constant, R (J/mol/K) Tocroammas Boabumana, k (Jbx/K) 1.381-10% Boltzmann constant, k (J/K) Tlocroantias Crefatia-Bontunana, 6 (Br/s"/K") 5.670108 Stefan-Boltzmann constant, ¢ (W/m"/K") Koncranra ememtenna Buna, b (MK) 0.002897 Wien’ displacement constant, b (m:K) JaGoparopas aman somes Ha (A) 6562.81 Laboratory wavelength of Ha (A) Zamna tponuueckoro roa, T (cyt) 365.242199 ‘Tropical year length, T (days) Crantaprias armocibepa (Ta) 101 325, Standard atmosphere (Pa) OcaaGnenne anannoro exera sewHot arwocdepolt 1g, g.>3m Visible light extinction by the terrestrial pn aeuHTe (MHIHMaIIEHO) atmosphere in zenith (minimum) Tlokasavext npenonaenna soasi npn 20°C, 1334 Refractive index of water for 20°C, n Mower uHepunn urapa 1=7/5MR? Moment of inertia of a solid ball Thiouaae cepepet S=4nR? Area of sphere x 3.14159265 ® e 2.71828183 e Bonoroe cevenne, 1.61803399 Golden ratio, @ Ropen, Keanna zo Gwangiu, KoreaACTPOHOMMUECKOE e EURO-ASIAN OBUIECTBO ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Round | Theo croup | o|| B XVI Meaaynapoauaa acrponommeckas omnia erry XVII International Astronomy Olympiad iaagtagd Pycckuit saHiK open, Keausny —16-24.N.2012——Gwangin, Korea ing English Jlannpre 0 HeKoToparx 3Bé37ax Data of some stars RA DEC P Come Sun ° -23'26" 23t26" 8".794 ‘Anpre6apan Aldebaran 0 Tau 33" 0".048, Amranp Altair = @Aql os" 0".195 ‘Awrapec Antares a Sco 0” .006 Apxryp Arcturus Boo 089 ‘Axepap — Achemnar—@ Eri 0” .026 sn Bapriapna Barnard’s star Oph om .545 Betemreine Betelgeuse Ori 0” .005 Bera Veea oLyr on.129 Tene6 Deneb a Cyg 0” .002 Kawonye Canopus a Car o”.010 Kanenna Capella. Aur 0”.073 Tloaspuas Polaris oz 31" 49" = ag° 15" SI" 0".0076 Tipounon Procyon «© @CMi_« «07 39" 18" 05° 13" 30" 0". 286 Purem Rigel BOr 05" 14" 32-08" 12" 06" 0".013 Cupuye Sirius CMa 06" ast 09% = -16" 42" 58" 0". Cra Spica aVir 13° 257 12" -11° 09" 41" 0".023 ciate, le acm 1h ae wet wt oe om Bera Beta 03 49° ee Tete (Coin Coe tastes Mattia 0” .009 Sa Epsilon geri O34 a2" Set -08° 27" 30” 0". 312 sc Macca 621 Me K5 2.5 Me AT 1.7 Mo 08.96 MI+B4 22.4 Mo -o.04 Kl 1.1 Mg 0846 BS MA ML AO a2 FO o".08 G5+G0 naka "38 FS of12 BB Shy o%.98 BL -o".01 G2 330 KL 2-0 Mo Bl 21 Me K2 0,82 Mo open, Keanamy Tr Gwanginy, Korea