The Forrest Mims Engineer’s Notebook Forrest M. Mims, III Technology Publishing Eagle Rock, VirginiaCopyright © 1992, 1986, 1982, 1979 by Forrest M. Mims Ill. All rights reserved under the United States Copyright Act of 1976. ISBN: 1-878707-03-5 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 91-77457 Printed in the United States of America NOTE: No circuit in this book is intended for use in any life-support system, nor in any application in which life or property may be subject to injury. It is your responsibility to determine if use, manufacture, or sale of any device incorporating one or more circuits in this book infringes on any patents, copyrights, or other rights. HighText is a registered trademark of HighText Publications Inc. qighText publications inc. P.O. Box 1489 Solana Beach, CA 92075CONTENTS Foreword Introduction About the Author Parts Sources REVIEWING THE BASICS DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS MOS/CMOS integrated Circuits Gate Packages RAMs (memory chips) Sequential Logic Combinational Logic Timebase Noise Generator TTLLLS Integrated Circuits Gate Packages Combinational Logic Sequential Logic LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS Voltage Regulators Operational Amplifiers LED Flasher Chip LED Dot/Bar Drivers LCD Clock Module Timers Phase-Locked Loops Pushbutton Tone Module Voltage/Data Conversion Audio Amplifiers Sound Effects Chips Optoisolators Index of Integrated Circuits index of Circuit Applications vii xi 104 106 111 112 121 427 128 135 138 147 152 153FOREWORD It’s a real shame that the millions who have read Forrest’s articles, columns, and books over the years have never had the chance to get to know him personaily. I've been lucky enough to be able to call him my friend for several years. This book is special to me because the first edition of this book was the reason why | met and got to know Forrest. | first met Forrest tn 1979. | can’t recall the exact date, but it was a fearsomely hot mid-summer day in Fort Worth, Texas. | was working at Radio Shack’s national headquarters in their technical publications department. My boss, Dave Gunzel, had spearheaded an effort for Forrest to generate a book of IC applications circuits that were similar to Forrest's actual working laboratory notebooks. Forrest was carefully preparing each page by hand on transparent Mylar sheets using a fine- tip pen. | monitored his progress eagerly, and one day Dave told me that Forrest Mims would be arriving the following week with the last of his Mylar originais. Wow! | was going to really meet Forrest Mims! 1 hadn’t seen a photo of Forrest before, nor had Dave told me much about how he looked or acted. (In retrospect, | now realize that was deliberate on Dave's part— he wanted me to “discover” Forrest on my own.) | had my own mental picture of Forrest, though. Obviously, a serious fellow. Anyone who came up with all those electronic circuits couldn't have much time for laughter. Probably sharply focused and not interested in anything other ihan electronics. An older genileman, certainly, with a white beard and a fondness for jackets with elbow patches. A pipe and slight Germanic accent were also likely. He would probably think | was really stupid and not have a lot of patience with me. The Big Day quickly arrived. Forrest was due in that afternoon. | had carefully rehearsed my welcoming speech: “Hello, Mr. Mims. It is certainly good to see you. Would you like an ashtray for your pipe?" | was alone in the technical publications office that afternoon when someone | didn't recognize stuck his head into the office doorway. He was wearing normal business attire, smiled easily, spoke with a slight Texas accent, and was looking for Dave Gunzel. On brother, ! thought, another new employee who's lost in Tandy Center. Doesn't this guy know that Forrest Mims is going to show up this afternoon and | don’t have any time to waste on him’??? | mumbled something about Dave being gone for a few minutes and that we were expecting a visitor later that afternoon. The stranger seemed apologetic. He didn’t want to waste any of my time or Dave's if we were expecting someone important, he said; he just needed to tend to a couple of matters quickly and wouldn't bother usany further. He approached my desk and extended his hand toward me. “Hi,” he said, “I’m Forrest Mims; you must be Harry.” | don't recall my reply, but | think it was the unmistakable sound of self-mortification. Forrest had work to do and wondered if | could help. He needed to spray the Mylar sheets with a protective coating before turning them over to us for printing. We commandeered a vacant area of the then- new Tandy Center, spread out the Mylar sheets, and spent the next couple of hours emptying aeroso/ cans of clear lacquer while discussing the state of the universe. That afternoon, | discovered what a remarkably unpretentious guy Forrest is. Here was one guy who had eamed the right to a massive ego, yet he was straightforward, down to Earth, and almost skeptical of his achievements. Our conversation ranged trom electronics to lasers to politics to Texas history to computers to religion to. . . . well, you name it. It was incredible how many subjects Forrest was interested in, and how insatiable his curiosity was about everything in the natural world. By the end of that afternoon, | felt as if | had known Forrest for years. A lot has happened since then. | eventuaily left Texas to become a book editor in New York and, a few years after that, moved to California where | became a founding partner in HighText Publications. Through- out, Forrest remained a valued friend and trusted confidant. The intelli- gence and insight that are apparent in his circuits extends to many other areas, and he has a wit and sense of irony that are delicious. While we don't get to spend much time physically in each other's company, it’s a rare week when we don't have at least two or three lengthy telephone conversations. As technology has advanced, so have our modes of interaction; we often exchange a couple of faxes per day on various subjects. We had no idea that the book we worked on back on that hot summer afternoon in 1979 would go on to sell over 750,000 copies in its various editions. Some of the pages we worked on back in 1979 appear in this book, a testimony to the enduring quality and relevance of Forrest's work. For readers such as yourself, this book will be a valuabie refer- ence to contemporary, real-world IC applications. For me, it brings back a fot of good memories. And, no, Forrest doesn’t smoke a pipe, doesn't wear jackets with elbow patches, and doesn't have a beard. Harry L. Helms yiINTRODUCTION Since my student days at Texas A&M University | have kept a series of laboratory notebooks. in these notebooks | record details about experi- ments, measurements, and new ideas. Also included are many electronic circuit diagrams. Dave Gunzel, formerly the director of technical publica- tions at Radio Shack, took an interest in my notebooks in the mid-1970s and suggested that Radio Shack might someday want to publish a book of electronic circuits based on their hand-drawn format. Several years later, Radio Shack assigned me to produce Engineer’s Notebook, a 128- page book of electronic circuits. The book soon became a Radio Shack bestseller. As new integrated circuits were added to Radio Shack’s product line and others were dropped, | revised the book as necessary. Later, Radio Shack authorized me to do an edition of the book for McGraw-Hill. This revised edition for HighText Publications represents the best and most interesting circuits from all previous editions. The integrated circuits described in this book remain among the most popular ever introduced. Most of them are readily available from Radio Shack, electronics paris suppliers, and mail-order dealers. Magazines such as Aladio-Electronics carry ads from mail-order IC dealers. A few of the chips are specialized and finding sources for them may be more difficult. Four of the devices—the CEX-4000, S50240, PCIM-161, and SAD-1024—imay be available only from dealers in surplus and discontin- ued ICs. However, the overwhelming majority of chips described in this book are readily available from many different sources. In fact, prices for some of the more common devices have faiien substantially since the first edition of this book. Some are available today for pennies! Most of the part numbers given for the integrated circuits in this book are generic, and various manufacturers may add additional letters or numbers or even use a completely different number. For example, the 4011 is a quad of CMOS NAND gates. An “A” suffix (4011A) means this chip can operate from a 3- to 12-volt supply. A “B” suffix (4011B) means the chip can operate from a 3- to 18-volt supply. The high-voltage version of the chip is by far the most common. National Semiconductor adds a CD prefix to its versions of the 4011B (CD4011B), while Motorola adds an MC1 prefix (MC140111B). Nevertheless, both chips are functionally identical. For additional information about chip identification and specifications, see the data books published by the various integrated circuit manutactur- ers. These books are available directly from manufacturers of integrated circuits and from industria! supply companies that represent integrated circuit manufacturers. They are also available from some mail-order electronics parts dealers. Forrest M. Mims II viiABOUT THE AUTHOR Forrest Mims has been an electronics hobbyist since building a one- tube radio kit at the age of 11. Following graduation from Texas A&M University in 1966 and service as a photointelligence officer in Vietnam, he worked for three years with high-powered lasers, solid-state instru- mentation, and trained monkeys with the Air Force Weapons Laboratory in New Mexico. Since becoming a full-time writer in 1970, he's written several hundred magazine articles and scholarly papers. His articles and columns have appeared in virtually every significant electronics magazine, including Popular Electronics, Radio-Electronics, and Modern Electronics. His articles on other scientific topics have appeared in a wide range of other publications, including National Geographic World, Science Digest, Highlights for Children, and Scientific American. His editorial exploits have included an assignment from the National Enquirer to evaluate the feasibility of eavesdropping on Howard Hughes by laser (it was possible, but Forrest declined to take part) and getting dropped by Scientific American as their “The Amateur Scientist” colum- nist because he admitted to the magazine's editors that he was a born- again Christian. His book sales total in the mitlions, and he is likely the most widely-read electronics writer in the world. Forrest is currently busy as the founding editor of Science PROBE! a new Magazine aimed at amateur scientists. In this role, Forrest is creating the sort of magazine that he wishes had been available in his youth while acquiring a new understanding of the frustrations of being an editor. He still keeps up a hectic pace of electronics and science experimentation and writing. Forrest and his wife Minnie have three children, and they currently live in the Texas countryside near San Antonio. They are active in church activities, and Forrest is a Baptist deacon. He has his office and electronics lab in an old restored farmhouse adjacent to his home.PARTS SOURCES The chips and related components (resistors, capacitors, etc.) used in this book are available from a variety of sources, including electronics stores (such as Dick Smith Electronics in Australia and David Reid stores in New Zealand), advertisers in electronics magazines, and industrial electronics suppliers. Some chips—such as the SN76477N, SN76488N, and SAD-1024A—are a bit "rarer" and you may have to look for them at companies specializing in surplus and discontinued devices. Manufacturers of integrated circuits publish "data sheets" giving the bare-bones specifications for a chip and “applications notes” that give additional information, including circuit schematics using the chip. These can be obtained by contacting the national headquarters of the chip manufacturer or their nearest sales office. The manutacturer of an integrated circuit is identified by a prefix in front of the actual part number. For example, "LM741" and "MC741" would both indicate the device was the common 741 operational amplifier found on pages 93 to 96 of this book. However, the "LM" would indicate the device was manufactured by National Semiconductor while the "MC" would denote a device manufactured by Motorola. Here are some common prefixes and manufacturers: AD Analog Devices M_ Mitsubishi Am Advanced Micro Devices MB Fujitsu Bx Sony MC Motorola CA RCA (now Harris) MM Moiorola CD RCA (now Harris) NE Signetics Cx Sony PM Precision Monolithics DM _ National Semiconductor T Toshiba F Fairchild (now TL Texas Instruments National Semiconductor) TMS Texas Instruments FSS Ferranti XR Exar HA Harris uPB NEC HA Hitachi HD Hitachi HG Hitachi Hi Harris IR Sharp KA Samsung LF National Semiconductor LM National Semiconductor LT Linear Technology xiREVIEWING THE BASICS INTRODUCTION "Can I use a 0.22 pF capacitor instead of a 0.01 pF unit?" "Is it okay to substitute a 12,000 ohm resistor for a 10,000 ohm unit?" This section will tackle these common questions and many others. Master them, and you will be well prepared to tackle the circuits in this book. RESISTORS Resistors limit the flow of electrical current. A resistor has a resistance (R) of 1 ohm if a current (I) of 1 ampere flows through it when a poten- tial difference (E) of 1 volt is placed across it. In other words: _ E _ BE _ R > (or) I = = (or) E = IR These handy formulas form Ohm's law. Memorize them. You will use them often. Resistors are identified by a color code: COLOR 1 2 3 (Multiplier) BLACK 0 0 1 BROWN 1 1 10 RED 2 2 100 ORANGE 3 3 1,000 YELLOW 4 4 10,000 GREEN 5 5 100,000 BLUE 6 6 1,000,000 VIOLET 7 7 10,000,000 GRAY 8 8 100,000,000 WHITE 9 9 (none) A fourth color band may be pre- sent. It specifies the tolerance of the resistor. Gold is + 5% and silver is + 10%. No fourth band means + 20%. Since no resistor has a perfect tolerance, it's often okay to sub- stitute resistors. For example, it's almost always okay to use a 1.8K resistor in place of a 2K unit. Just try to stay within 10-20% of the specified value. What does K mean? It's short for 1,000. 20K means 20 x 1,000 or 20,000 ohms. M is short for meg- ohm or 1,000,000 ohms. Therefore a 2.2M resistor has a resistance of 2,200,000 ohms. Resistors which resist lots of current must be able to dissipate the heat that's produced. Always use resistors with the specified power rating. No power rating specified? Thén it's usually okay to use 1/4 or 1/2 watt units. Almost every electronic circuit uses resistors. Here are three of the most important applications for resistors: 1. Limit current to LEDs, transis- tors, speakers, etc. 2. Voltage division. For instance: +10y The voltage at ? is I x R2. I means the current through Rl and RL R2. So I = 10/(R1 + R2) 1K or 0.005 amperes. Therefore, ? = (0.005) x (1000) or 5 volts. R2z ik Note that the total resistance of Rl and = R2 is simply Rl + R2. This rule provides a handy trick for making custom resistances.Voltage dividers are used to bias transistors: + VOLTAGE DIVIDER iN They're also a convenient source of variable voltage: +iOov POTENTIOMETER O-!0 VOLTS (VARIABLE 7 } RESISTOR) And they're useful in voltage sensing circuits. See the comparator circuits in this notebook. 3. They control the charging time of capacitors. Read on... CAPACITORS Capacitors store electrical energy and block the flow of direct current while passing alternating current. Capaci- tance is specified in farads. One farad represents a huge Capacitance so most capaci- tors have values of small fractions of a farad: 1 microfarad (pF)= 10 6 farad l picofarad (pF)= 10712 faraa or l pF = 1,000,000 pF The value of a capacitor is usually printed on the compo- nent. The pF and pF designa- tions may not be present. Small ones marked 1-1000 are rated in pF; larger ones 2 marked .001-1000 are rated in pF. Electrolytic capacitors provide high capacity ina small space. Their leads are polarized and must be connected into a circuit in the proper direction. THESE LEADS MUST GO kh - TO THE MOST POSITIVE CONNECTION POINT. Capacitors have a voltage rating, It's usually printed under the capacity marking. The voltage rating must be higher than the. . highest expected voltage (usually the power supply voltage). Caution: A capacitor can store a charge for a considerable time after power is removed. This Charge can be dangerous! A large electrolytic capacitor charged to only 5 or 10 volts can melt the tip of a screwdriver placed across its leads! High voltage capaci-~ tors can store a lethal charge! Discharge a capacitor by careful- ly placing a resistor (1K or more; use Ohm's law} across its leads. Use only one hand to prevent touching both leads of the capac- itor. Important capacitor applications; 1. Remove power supply spikes. (Place 0.01-0.1 mF across power supply pins of gigatal ICs. Stops false triggering. 2. Smooth rectified AC voltage into steady DC voltage. (Place 100-10,000 pF across rectifier output.) oan GNO RECTIFIER3. Block DC signal while pass- ing AC signal. 4. Bypass AC signal around a circuit or to ground. 5. Filter out unwanted portions of a fluctuating signal. 6. Use with resistor to inte- grate a fluctuating signal: 7. Or to differentiate a fluctuating signal; suns My 8. Perform a timing function: + PRESS R tp C will quickly charge...then slowly discharge through R. 9, Store a charge to keep a transistor turned off or on. 10. Store a charge to be dumped through a flashtube or LED ina fast and powerful pulse. Can you substitute capacitors? In most cases changing the value Of a capacitor 10% or even 100% will not cause a malfunction, but circuit operation may be affected. Ina timing circuit, for example, increasing the value of the timing capacitor will increase the timing period. Changing the capacitors in a filter wiil change the filter's frequency response. Be sure to use the proper voltage rating. And don't worry about the differ- ence between 0.47 and 9 © pF. SEMICONDUCTORS Usually made from silicon. Be sure to observe all operating restric- tions. Brief descriptions of im- portant semiconductor devices; DIODES Permit current to flow in but one direction (forward bias). Used to rectify AC, allow current to flow into a circuit but block its return, etc. yf SNe ye —- — O-AALLA ZENER DIODES The zener diode is a voltage regu- lator. In this typical circuit, voltage exceeding the diode's breakdown voltage is shunted to ground: 4 + + > QuT 3 IN Di OuT (v) o GND 3647 it IN CV) DI = GVOLT ZENER DIODE Zeners can also protect voltage sensitive components and provide a convenient reference voltage. LIGHT EMITTING DIODES LEDs emit green, yellow, red or infrared when forward biased. A series resistor should be used to Limit current to less than the maximum allowed: Vee Re = Voc ~ VLED LED; Example: Vyrpp of red LED is 1.7 volts. For LED a forward current ty (LED]) of 20 mA at Veco = 5 volts, R= ~ 165 ohms. Don't ex- ceed LED;!!Infrared LEDs are much more powerful than visible LEDs, but their radiation is total- ly invisible. Use them for object detectors and communi- cators. TRANSISTORS In this notebook, transistors are used as simple amplifiers and switches that turn on LEDs. Any general purpose switching transistors will work. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS Since an IC is a complete cir- cuit on a silicon chip, you must observe all operating re- strictions. Reversed polarity, excessive supply voltage and sourcing or sinking too much current can destroy an IC. Be sure to pay close attention to the location of the power sup- ply pins! Most ICs are pack- aged in 8, 14 or 16 pin plastic DIPs (Dual In-line Packages). A notch or circle is near pin 1: When the IC is right side up, pin 1 is at lower left: MANUFACTURER PART NUMBER CMOTOROLA) (4021) DATE CODE: 8G 1786 24= 24t2 ween Incidentally, a date code may not be present, but other numbers may be,..and the date code is not al- ways below the device number: ATS OU N 7835 Date cope | ZY 7e20 2IIGL CDO4O6GECN 214 VO66 MM 5666 5N Store ICs in a plastic cabinet if you can afford one. Or insert them in rows in a styrofoam tray (the kind used for meat in a gro- cery store}. CAUTION: Never store MOS/CMOS ICs in ordinary non~conductive plastic.DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS INTROBUCTION DIGITAL Ics ARE 2-STATE DEVICES. ONE STATE 35 NEAR © VOLTS OR GROUND (LOW OR a) AND THE OTHER Is NEAR THE XC'S SuPPLY VOLTAGE (HIGH OR H). SvuBSTITUTE O FOR L AnD | FOR H AND DiGiTAlC TCs CAN PROCESS INDIVIDUAL BINARY DIGITS (BITS) OR MULTIPLE BIT WORDS, A 4-8:IT WORD 15 A NIBBLE AND AN 8.BIT WwoRD is A BYTE. THE BINARY SYSTEM I's VERY HELPFUL TO KwNnow THE FIRST Ib BINARY NUMBERS. TF OFk AnD f= RH, THEY ARE: O- LLeEe B- HEEL f-t CLA q7-HLLH @-lLbluHe Jo- HLAL 3-tolAHKA H-RLHA Y- LALL We-AHALE S-LHLH Bo-HHER 6-LHHAL MW - HHAL 7-~LHAH IS- HAHAH NoTe THAT LLetL (CO) 18 AS MUCH A NUMBER AS AWwy OTHER NUMBER. LOGIC GATES Logic Cigcurts ARE MADE BY INTER- COMNECTING TWO OR MORE oF THESE BASIC LooGIc GATES: B AND A Out A OuT L H T i] 4 Mik 3-STATE LOGIC CONTROL CONTROL NOT (INVERTER) Hi-Z: OUTPUT IN RIGH IMPEDANCE STATE. 5MOS/CMOS INTRODUCTION MOS Ics CAN CONTAIN MORE FUNC- TIONS PER CHIP THAN TTL/tS AND ARE VERY EASY TO VSE. MOST CHIPS IN THIS SECTION ARE CMOS (cOM- PLEMENTARY MOS). THEY CONSUME VERY LITTLE POWER ANID OPERATE OVER A *+3-15 votT RANGE. CMOS CAN BE POW- ERED @Y THIS: 60% “TI Ym) + GvotTsS ___ + (BATTERY) OR YOu CAN USE A LINE POWERED SUPPLY MADE FROM A 7805/78172/ 76)5. SEE THE LINEAR SECTION. INCIDENTALLY, YOU CAN POWER A CMOS CiRC UIT FROM TWo SERIES CONNECTED PENLIGHT CELLS, BuT A @-12 VOLT SUPPLY WiLL GIVE BETTER PERFORMANCE. OPERATING REQUIREMENTS THE %IJNPUT VOLTAGE SHOULD NOT EXCEED Vop! (TWO EXCEPTIONS: THE 4O4% AND 4050.) 2. AvVoID, IF POSSIBLE, SLOWLY RISING ANO FALLING INPUT SIGNALS SINCE THEY CAN CAUSE EXCESSIVE POWER CONSUMPTION. RISETIMES FASTER THAN IS MICROSECONDS ARE BEST. 3. ALL UNUSED INPUTS MYST BE CONNECTED TO Vos (+) OR Vas (GND). OTHERWISE ERRATIC CHIP BEHAVIOR AND EXCESSIVE CURRENT CONSUMPTION WILL OCCHUR. 4. NEVER CONNECT AN INPUT SIGNAL TO A CMOS CIRCUIT WHEN THE PowER iS OFF. 5S. OBSERVE HANDLING PRECADLTIONS. b INTEGRATED CIRCUITS HANDLING PRECAUTIONS A CMOS CHIP IS MADE FROM PMOS AND NMOS TRANSISTORS. MOS MEANS METAL — OXIDE — SILICON (oR SEMICONDUCTOR). P ANDO N REFER TO POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CHANNEL MOS TRANSISTORS, AN NMOS TRANSISTOR LOOKS LIKE THIS: GATE ¢ +Voo GN) 1. ALUMINUM 2. SiOy ~ 3. SILICON A PMOS TRANSISTOR [5 IDENTICAL EXCEPT THE P AND N REGIONS ARE EXCHANGED. THE S102 (SILICON DIOXIDE) LAYER 15 A GLASSY FILM THAT SEPARATES AND INSULATES THE METAL GATE FROM THE SILICON SUBSTRATE. THIS FILM 15 WHY A MOS TRANSISTOR OR IC PLACES PRACTICALLY NO LOAD ON THE SOURCE OF AN INPUT SIGNAL. THE FiLM (8 VERY THIN ANO {5 THERE- FORE, EASILY PUNCTURED BY STATIC ELECTRICITY: \, q 4° —<—. te « a ~<’ APACITO HOLE PREVENT STATIC DISCHARGE! 1 NEVER STORE MOS IC's IN NONCON- DucTivEe PLASTIC “SNow,” TRAYS, BAGS OR FOAM. 2. PLACE MOS TCs PINS DOWN ON AN ALUMINUM FOIL SHEET On TRAY WHEN TREY ARE NOT IN A CIRCUIT OR STORED IN CHNbUCTIVE FOAM. * USE A BATTERY POWERED IRON TO SO.oeR MOS CHIPS. Do NOT USE AN AC POWERED /RON.INTERFACING CMOS |. IF SUPPLY VOLTAGES ARE EQUAL: Rev: Reu' 470 —4.7K PuLlLuP FOR TTL) RESISTOR. IK — 10K FOR LS. TTL OR CMOS 45 CMOS TTL OR LS 2. DIFFERENT SupPpLy VOLTAGES: +3-15 NOTE THAT CMOS MUST BE PowEeRED @6Y AT LEAST 5 VOLTS WHEN CMOS IS INTERFACED WITH TTL. OTHERWASE THE CMOS INPUT WILL EXcEED Voo. 3 CMOS LED ORIVERS: Vop (+3-Sv) be GLOWS Vop~+3-I85¥V WHEN GLOWS LOW. WHEN Vos (+ 3-15) HIGH. R R \ Ms Vop 7 |-? 7 R= or (FOR \OmA LED CURRENT) USE I600 GHMS FOR MOST APPLICATIONS. CMOS LOGIC CLOCK MANY cirkCvUITS in) THIS SECTION REQUIRE A&A SovRece oF PULSES. HERE‘S A SIMPLE CMOS CLOCK: +3-15 fo] Ld TYPICAL VALUES: R= 100K , c= O.01— 0.1 pF OK TO LSE 4O4Q... BUT MuUcH MORE CURRENT WiILi BE REQUIRED. CMOS TROUBLE SHOOTING 1 OC ALL INPUTS GO SOMEWHERE? 2. ARE ALL XC PINS INSERTED INTO THE BOARD oR SOCKET? 3% 1S THE Ie wget? IF So, SEE 1-2 ABOVE AND MAKE SURE THE OvTPUT IS MOT OVERLOADED. 4. DOES THE CIRCUIT OBEY ALL CMOS OPERATING REQUIREMENTS ? 5 HAVE You FORGOTTEN A ConwecTion? 7QUAD NAND GATE Vop (+3-15V) YO! | THE BASIC CMOS BUILDING BLOCK CHIP. MORE APPLICATIONS THAN TTL 7T4HO00/7TYHLSOO QUAD NAND- GATE. CONTROL GATE Ou T Ve kis cl H A 2}iou ouT LH H IMPORTANT: CONNECT ALL UNUSED /AIPUTS & “ HL H TO Pin 7 OR 14! = HH L INVERTERQUAD NAND GATE Cconrinuen) 40) GATED OSCILLATOR OUTPUT ! KRa FREQUENCY IS SQUARE WAVE. SIMPLE OSCILLATOR OUTPUT NOT AS SYMMETRICAL AS ABOVE CiRqurr, GATED FLASHER LED WHEN LED ENABLE IS FLASKES I-2 He ENABLE ‘S) HIGH. STAYS ON WHEN LOW. TOUCH SWITCH OOK 22m Yop ToucH CAUTION: WIRES BATTERY POWER + oNnLy! OQUTPUT GOES HiGH WHEN TOUCH WIRES ARE BRIDGED BY A FINGER, ONE-~SHOT TOUCH SWITCH oOoK Toucn 7 WIRES OuTPuT GOES HIGH WHEN TOUCH WIRES ARE BRIDGED BY A FINGER. OUTPUT ‘TREN AFTER ABOUT | RETURNS Low SECOND. INCREASED OUTPUT DRIVE NANDB GATE INVERTER. USE THIS METHOD TO INCREASE CuRRENT THE Y4Oli CAN SouRcE OR SINK. OK TO ADD MORE GATES. gQUAD NOR GATE 40O! Vop (+3-15 Vv) AN IMPORTANT CMOS) BUILDING BLOCK CHIP, ITS HIGH IMPEDANCE INPUT MAKES POSSIBLE MoRE APPLICATIONS THAN THE TTL 7402 / THLSOL QUAD NOR GATE. BOUNCELESS SWITCH IMPORTANT: CONNECT ALL UNUSED INPUTS TO PIAL 7 OR 14. INCREASED OUTPUT DRIVE INVERTER NOR GATE OSE THIS METHOD TO INCREASE CURRENT THE YoOol CAN Sourceé OR SInK. OK TO ADD MORE GATES. LED FLASHER +4 |i TONE FREQUENCY !S ABOUT ! KHz. Nop RS LATCH LED FLASHES I~2 TIMES / SECOND OR GATE { ££ |NO CHANGE L HH L H “ct eu H H HINOT ALLOWEDQUAD AND GATE 4081 Vop(43-I8 v) BUILDING BLOCK CHIP. USE FOR BUFFERING AND LOGIC. Not AS VERSATILE AS 4YOll. AND GATE BUFFER Ve . teas DIGITAL TRANSMISSION GATE IN a) OUT IN=OuUT 2 7 Yop ENABLE i H NAND GATE Vee Voo 8 7 ~N % gous € D OUT 1 KX H - li AX L i? tt ib Y-INPUT NAND GATE 4-iINPUT AND GATE VoeQUAD EXCLUS| VE-OR GATE Vop (+3-I5v) 4070 THE OUTPUT OF EACH GATE GOES Low WHEN 80TH %=~INPUTS- ARE EQUAL, THE OUTPUT GO&S HIGH IF THE IN;PUTS ARE UNEQUAL. MANY APPLICATIONS INCLUDING BINARY ADDITION, COMPARING BINARY WORDS AND PHASE DETECTION, IMPORTANT: CONNECT UNUSED INPUTS TO PIN 7? OR 14, CONTROLLED INVERTER 1-B)1T COMPARATOR THIS cCikCulr IS ALSO A HALF-ADDER WITHOUT A CARRY OUTPUT. 4Y-BlT COMPARATOR DETERMINES 'F Two 4-BiT WwWoRDS ARE EQUAL, y V HINT: USE bod do 4o CP8-9) iF YorZ #5 Ny UNAVAILABLE. B B’ IF DCBA= D'C’B’A’ OuTPUT iS LOW, OTHERWISE OUTPUT = = ‘S HIGH. USE SECOND HALF OF LED STOPS GLOWING WHEN! THE Y¥ora AS INVERTER TO REVERSE OPERATION. INPUT FREQUENCIES ARE EQUAL.QUAD EXCLUSIVE-OR GATE 4070 EXCLUSIVE -NOR Ici = Ya 4o7o0 ICZ = Ve 4O49 Il, 2 = 4070 (continued) 3~INPUT EX-OR Tcl = 4070 \O MHz OSCILLATOR Vop= 9% TO IS VOLTS FREQUENCY VARIES WITH Vpp ¢ AMPLITUDE 5 3.5 Vv 10 8.0 Vv 1S 2.0 Vv Voo = 3 To 15 VOLTS RISETIME = SO NANOSECONDS FREQUENCY = 2 MHe WHEN Vop = 1O VOLTSHEX INVERTING BUFFER 4Ouq IN ADDITION TO STANDARD LOoG!C AND CMOS TO Tre INTERFACING, OFTEN USED IN OSCILLATORS AND PULSE GENERATORS. FOR Low CURRENT APPLICATIONS , bS&E Yoll CONNECTED AS INVERTER. (OK TO USE YO FOR CIRQUITS ON THIS PAGE.) Voo (+3-1SVv) = NOTE UNUSUAL LOCATION CLOCK PULSE GENERATOR OF POWER SUPPLY PINS. Voo PHASE SHIFT OSCILLATOR { ¢ . (.01-104F) | 12=%3 4o49 PuLse RATE=.9RC OuTPUT FREQUENCY= 33pe 1,2,.3= 24049 BOUNCELESS SWITCH TRIANGLE WAVE SOURCE FREQUENCY = 1.4 RIC SSN ™ SQUARE WAVE GENERATOR 1 NEAR 10X AMPLIFIER R2 ti 1235 REPETITION RATE = /,4 RO NOTE THAT THE =~ Ya 4044 = INVERTERS ARE USED 122 Vs 40499 in A LINEAR MODE. GAIN= R2/R). 14HEX NON-INVERTING BUFFER 4050 PRIMARILY INTENDED FoR INTERFACING CMOS TO TTL, SupPLIES MORE CURRENT THAN STANDARD CMOS. IMPORTANT: ALL UNUSED INPUTS MUST Go TO Pin | OR 8, NOTE UNUSUAL LOCATION OUTPUT EXPANDER OF POWER SUPPLY PINS. LOGIC PROBE OUTPUTS 1.232 %4OSO LL LED GLows - WHEN INPUT IS LOW. INCREASED OUTPUT DRIVE OUTPUT BUFFER V Vpp ouT Pe 12,345 2 ! ve ses0 LIN A AY LN 2S 2 > our BN, IN 3 = _L Ye 4oS0 CMOS TO CMOS CMOS TO TTL/LS AT LOWER Vo. AT LOWER Vee Vop | Vop 2 Voo #5 (Vee) = Vow | EXCEEDS Von2. - l= % 4YOSoO l= Ye 4OS50 15DUAL 4-INPUT NAND GATE Vop (+3-1SV) 4012 VERY USEFUL IN MAKING DECODERS. ALSO CAN BE USED TO ADD ONE OR MORE ENABLE INPUTS TO VARIOUS ciRCUITS. ENABLE INPUT | Veo BCD DECODERS DEC! MAL O INPUTS V OUTPUTS oo LolLL= H 4 YXxXx zh ENABLE WHEN ENABLE IS Ly, THE . OLUTPUT CORRESPONDING TO - THE BA BINARY INPUTS GOOFS Low ALL OTHER OUTPUTS Go AIGH WHEN ENABLE /5 H,TRIPLE 3-INPUT NAND GATE Vpp (+3~15 V) 4023 HANDY FOR MAKING CusTOM DECODERS, CONVERTERS AND MULTIPLE INPUT GATES. 6-INPUT OR GATE IMPORTANT: CONNECT ALL UNUSED INPUTS TO PIN’ 7 OR 74, we > 9-1 NPUT NAND GATE mr o 1,2,32 24049 Thm APY DECIMAL-TO-BCD CONVERTER nmo DECIMAL IN (SELECTED oIGir A, ALL OTHERS L.) G 1876543210 H pDodocer# Gov F L - ALL UNUSED INPUTS BCD MusT BE GRoUNDBD, OUT !1-OF-4 DECODERQUAD BILATERAL SWITCH Voo (+ 3-15 v) A pb To O/f 1 To 4Obs iS) IZ) Hy 1%] 94 8 ONE OF THE MOST VERSATILE CMOS CHIPS. PINS A,8,C AND D CONTROL FOUR ANALOG SWITCHES. CLOSE A SwiTCH BY CONNECTING ITS CONTROL PIN TO Vpo. ON RESISTANCE = 80—-ZSO OHMS. OPEN A SWITCH BY CONNECTING ITS CONTROL PIN TO GROUND (PIN 7). LT/o Of/r O/T tj 8B C = OFF RESISTANCE = 107 OHMS. Ifo CiNPuT/ OUTPUT) AND O/Z PINS ARE REVERS/BLE. DATA BUS CONTROL DATA SELECTOR HOb6 Vo 4Obb Vow A A DATA B A DATA B [N IN Cc B DATA C DATA ouT le | OUT D c D MAKE CONTROL : t } SELECTED L= OFF D ¢ 8B A INPUT H. H = LoAD KEEP ALL DATA SELECT OTHERS L. Voo DIGITAL TO ANALOG (D/A) CONVERTER THIS iS NOT A LINBAR D/A CONVERTER. INSTEAD {IT PRODUCES A PSEUDO-RANDOM CuTPUT THAT RANGES FROM 3.06 — 5.62 vorts (Vop 274 V). USE TO DRIVE 4O4b VCO OR PRODUCE UNUSUAL WAVEFORMS. DIGITAL IN R=4Y7K AND 2R=/00K. USE 4518 COUNTER FOR Why ANALOG VOLTAGE AUTOMATIC OPERATION. COUT Rs)QUAD BILATERAL SWITCH = (continue) 4O66 PROGRAMMABLE GAIN AMPLIFIER #9 Vout Vout = Re /Rw oo00 TO lili AT DCBA GIVES D c B A Rin OF FROM R TO R/IS PROGRAMMABLE FUNCTION GENERATOR Voo 4O17 Ril ve pp I¢c1,2,3 = Ob Vow = 3B-JSV Riz SSS / RI-RIO = iOk TRIMMER POTS 1K 7888 PRODUCES REPETITIVE IO-STEP WAVEFORM. PROGRAM HEIGHT OF EACH STEP VIA RI-RIO. tL oa VARY RATE viA Ril AND Cl, O1~1OmF |!1024-BIT STATIC RAM A7 A®&® AG CE ovT iN +S GNO i tof 4 2102L 12 Leet 1024 I-BIT STORAGE LOCATIONS ADDRESSED NOTE UNDSUAL LocATION BY PINS AO-~AQ9. TTL/LS COMPATIBLE. OF POWER SUPPLY PINS. CE (CHIP ENABLE) INPUT CONTROLS R/W (READ / WRITE) OPERATIONS). 3-STATE OUTPUTS. (AO-AG: ADDRESS INPUTS) AG AS R/w Al AZ AZ AY AO WRITE CLOADS BIT AT PIN fi) READ (OUTPUTS BIT AT PIN t2) Hl 2 Covtpor ESTERS THIRD STATE) 21O02L ADDRESSING CIRCUIT J eT LLL B ett LLL. A Stal lal ol cl cl ele ADDRESS OTHER 2/024 il 12, 3) 3 é 5 6 THE ADDRESS INPUTS MUST BE IN OUT CE RAW STABLE DURING R/W OPERATIONS. — #5 CLOCK 201024-BiT STATIC RAM (continued) 2102L ADDING PROGRAMMED SINGLE I/O PORT OR MANUAL JUMP ADD THESE CONNECTIONS TO THE ADDRESSING CIRCUIT on FACING PAGE. T/O contro, OL/O PORT SA-S7T: ose 8-POSITION DIP SWITCHES OR MINIATURE TOGGLES. OPEN=H } CLOSED ™L i= Ve 74L$967 74193 / SI FHLSI93 ADD THIS Cipcurr TO THE ADDRESSING CIRCUIT ON FACING PAGE. WHEN I/o CinPur/ourre7) SI ConTtro, IS Hy, PIN 3) OF THE 7443367 ENTERS THIRD STATE (H!-2) AND IT/o PORT ACCEPTS INPUT SH DATA. WHEN PIN 3 OF THE 7445367 IS Ly, T/o PORT OUTPUTS DATA. BOTH THESE $6 OPERATIONS ARE DEPENDENT LPON THE STATUS OF THE 21020 CONTROW INPUTS. SF S& CASCADING 2102L°S ADDRESS BOS $O I rit yl t. $C gci[{[i. F_jjJ}y. UT e_}ijit oT SB ne ee eee e_J[T TT] TT. Jy tty B T[ititdi ti. J TTI TT SA A_TiT tT} Tt tt. TTT er mle defo le fel efal wlll lefole ls lala = LOAD 2IOZL-A ZIOzL-B NORMALLY THE LOAD {NIPUT 1S) HIGH. MAKING LOAD Low LOADS THE Wy 12 ° i2[3{i3[9hol ys ADDRESS PROGRAMMED IN SWITCHES |} tt GND $A-ST INTO THE 74193’s. THIS PT CE PERMITS A PROGRAMMED JUMP IN Ag ry 5 R/W OR A MANUAL Tum? TO ANY Ins Bo OouT & ADDRESS, Out A 211024 * 4-BIT RAM 2114L /4HO4S *5 AT AS AG A B C D Wwe 1024-4-BiT STORAGE LOCATIONS ADDRESSED INPUT/ ouT PUT BY Pins AO-AG. TTL/LS COMPAT/BLE. PINS FOR READ/WRITE OPERATIONS, CE (CHIP ENABLE, ALSO CALLED CHIP SeLECT) MusT BE Low. AO-AG: ADBDDRESS INPUTS WE INPUT MUST BE Low TO WRITE WE! WRITE ENABLE (LOAD) DATA INTO CHIP. WHEN WE ('S HIGH, OATA IN ADDRESSED LOCATION APPEARS) AT INPUT / OUTPUT Ac AS AY AZ AO AL AX CE GAD PINS. IDEAL CHIP FOR Do~!T- YouRSE&» PD C B A Vpoo (3] 42 iDECADE COUNTER/DIVI DER RESET Clock ENABLE 4O17 SEQUENTIALLY MAKES /-OF ~-10 OUTPUTS HiGH (OTHERS STAY Cow) IN RESPONSE TO Clock PULSES. MANY APPLICATIONS, COUNT TAKES PLACE WHEN PINS 13 AND IS ARE Low. RANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR xv * wy WL RL NRA A A A A AAA A 6 fol 7] 4{ 2 GG 8&8 7 6 5 4 3% 2 } oO CLOCK g_!4 2 4oi7 {4 SI}: A= RESET B= RUN S Ok, TO ADD q MORE 4017's y ff 0-99 COUNTER 3 OO 20 30 So £0 70 80 90DECADE COUNTER / DIVIDER (CONTINUED) 4017 BCD KEYBOARD ENCODER tS +5 ilo Yor? S10 RESET 8 - RUN Sst 2 41 FE tol tl SL GL Y 1 - .) Cs CS fy ) ’ ‘oe CO (‘ = OQ 0 e e C) f O e OQ So si $2 $3 SY SS SG S? 58 S89 5v ! 5 > 4 > & eo .) g 45 TH19% OlmF 7 Oo > a Ibo o,e 8 Tel = 4o49 TC2= Yor 2 B TOGGLE SiO, THEN PRESS $0-S4. 7 3A FREQUENCY DIVIDER $2 $3 S4 S35 Se S87 $8 $9 $ICe CLOSE SI-Sio TO DpivIDE FREQUENCY BY FROM { TO |0O. 5}3-DIGIT BCD COUNTER Von (+3718 v) CLOCK MCIHSS3 COMPLETE 3-DIGIT COUNTER, USE FOR DO-IT-YOURSELF EVENT AND FREQUENCY COUNTERS. BEGINNERS: GET SOME PRACTICAL CiRculT EXPERIENCE BEFORE USING THIS CHIP. PIN EXPLANATIONS: DS (DIGIT SELECT)I,2,3— SEQUENTIALLNY STROBES READOUTS. LE—LATCH ENABLE (WHEN AH). DIS INHIBITS INPUT WHEN H. DS2 DSI CLOCK—INPUT. MR—- MASTER RESET (WHEN A). /* O01 MF OF —OveERFLOW. A,B,C, 0D — BCD OUTPUTS. (FoR DIGIT SELECT OSCILLATOR) Db C¢ B 3-DIGIT EVENT COUNTER LATCH (LE) o RESET (MR) EVENTS (cLock) DISABLE (DIS) (WHEN 4H) NEED OVERFLOW C} OOF COMMON ANODE LED Ok TO USE LIiQuip CRYSTAL DISPLAY SELECT RI-R? So OISPLAYS. USE MuseTI- OR COMMON CATHODE LED OISPLAN, LED CURRENT DOES DIGIT DISPLAY OR WIRE NOT EXCEED JOmA, TOGETHER MATCHING CATHODES OF 3 DISPLAYS. 6-DIGIT FREQUENCY COUNTER LATCH: STORES TIMEBASE TOTAL COUNT IN (0.1 o¢] Hz) RESET: CLEARS CounT TO 0800000 PRIOR TO NEW COUNT CYCLE. COUNT: COUNT INPUT 5 FREQUENCY SEE NEXT PAGE &-DIGIT COUNTER ~ In PUT FOR MORE INFO... CFACING PAGE) $23-DIGIT BCD COUNTER (continued) MCI4SS53 6-DIGIT COUNTER COUNT 4 RESET 5 LATCH OVERFLow,/4 ADDITIONAL STAGES THIS CIRCUIT SHOWS How To CASCADE (“A Two 3-DIGIT COUNTERS. MAXIMUM COUNT 3 a IS 999,999, DISPLAYS ARE COMMON a CATHODE (COMMON ANODE CONFIGURATION CSP SHOWN ON PREVIOUS PAGE) NOTE THAT JF [| | Pin & OF [4543 (OR 4S43) GOES TO GND INSTEAD OF Vop WHEN COMMON CATHODE DISPLAY IS USED. 7 FREQUENCY COUNTER ! +Vpo USE INPUT ANG CONTROW CIRCLIT ON PREVIOUS PAGE. INPLT FREQUENCY SHoOvcd NOT EXCEED Vop. NON- SQUARE WAVE INPUTS MAY REQUIRE INPUT TAILORING, USE COMPARATOR TO SHARPEN SLOW RISING AUDIO SIGNALS. —VooBCD-TO-DECIMAL DECODER VoGs-isv)! B ¢ DA 8 4028 DECODES 4-BIT BCD INPUT INTO [-OF~-~!O0 OUTPUTS. SELECTED OuTPuT GOES HIGH), ALL OTHERS STAY Low. USE FOR DECIMAL READoUTS , SEQUENCERS, PRO- GRAMMABLE COUNTERS, ETC. O-% SECOND T/ MER SECOND 4518 ADDRESS [INPUTS +4 mn COUNT TO N AND HALT L C TO_N RESET RUN OK TO USE OLTPUTS To 7— CONTROL EXTERNAL ; / LOGIC OR DEVICES. Yo 4o4q COUNT TO N AND RECYCLE USE THE ADTACENT CIRCUIT WITH THESE CHANGES: Vop f OMIT 4O4g 21 7. 7ToO Nt 2. MAKE PIN 2 HIGH 4518 (4028) 3 USE PIN 7 AS CONTROL INPUT. 34BCD-TO-7- SEGMENT Vet3-ISv)f g a b ede LATCH / DECODER/DRIVER 451) CONVERTS BCtDb DATA INTO FORMAT SUITABLE FOR PRODUCING DECIMAL DIGITS ON 7-SEGMENT LED DISPLAY. INCLUDES BUILT-IN 4Y-BIT LATCH TO STORE DATA To BE DISPLAYED (WHEN PIN 5S JS HIGH)- WHEN LATCH IS NOT useD (PINS Low), JHE ‘7-SEGMENT OUTPUTS FOLLOW THE BCD INPUTS. MAKE PIN 4 LOW To EXTINGUISH THE OISPLAY AND HIGH FOR NORMAL OPERATION. MAKE PIN > LOW To TEST THE OISPLAY AND HIGH FOR Von NORMAL. OPERATION. DA LATCH ENABLE BLANKING INPUT LAMP TEST DISPLAY FLASHER & | DISPLAY DISPLAY FLASHES ONCE PER SECOND WHEN E {IS HIGH. H | FLASHES OFF DECIMAL COUNTING UNIT (DCU) iMPORTANT: ALL INPUTS MUST GO Ibo sr ie RI SOME WHERE | COUNT IN gL] ve “si (3 a 45/8 RZ ENABLE G 4 p |e s| 2 ‘ RESET 4 7 c [5 ale i c afl] p to BIA B 10 d RS A ls | ap 4 e TO COUNT, Rb ENABLE IS BLANK 56-4 IS f HIGH AND RT ; RESET 1S Low. SAVE. 9-2 4 " 9 BLANK SHoOucDd , BE HIGH (Low Vop s RI-~R7T=220 TURNS OFF 2 as COMM ON DISPLAY). SAVE iu A = Von =+5~9y CATHODE = 3 OPERATION: SHOULD BE LOw, LED DISPLAY MAKE SAVE HIGH 7 TO STORE INTERIM CouNT jogo 2 To NExT DCU WITHOUT AFFECTING COUNTER, 358-STAGE SHIFT REGISTER v,Gz1sv)7 ¢ S 7 SER LoaD 4021 q PARALLEL INPuT / SERIAL OUTPUT SHIFT REGISTER. ALSO SERIAL IMNIPUT. DATA AT PARALLEL INPOTS is FORCED INTO TRE REGISTER IRRESPECTIVE OF THE CLOCK STATUS WHEN Pin |] Us MADE HIGH. KEEP PIN @ Low FOR NORMAL OPERATION, 8 6 &8& 4 3 2 ! = IN; OvT OuT IN IND IN IN PARALLEL~TO-SERIAL 8-STAGE DELAY LINE DATA CONVERTER Vop PARALLEL DATA IN CLOCK iJ D RUN INITIATE DELAYED DATA ouT - CLOCK IN SERIAL DATA OUT 41. SEND LoaD THE FIRST PARALLEL INPUT (PIN 7) 1s GROUNDED. THIS LOADS A Au. I's (H's) ARE SENT AFTER THE SINGLE L WHEN SI IS SWITCHED &-B8IT WORD %'S TRANSMITTED, TO INITIATE. THE SINGCE L BIT REACHES THE OuTPUT AFTER 8 CLOCK PULSES, PSEUDO-RANDOM SEQUENCER INITIATE RUN INPUTS* THIS CyReuitT GENERATES A + PSELODO-RANDOM 8IT SEQUENCE - AND Recycces.* TO CHANGE IK (08) Xp To AUDIO AMPLIFIER BIy PATTERN, CONNECT DIFFERENT )\ ane + FOR SOUND &FFECTS. PATTERNS OF INPUTS OF SECOND T lOuF (ADJUST RI CHANGE 4O21 TO Vpp OR GROUND. x SOUND WITH SI.) 36ANALOG MULTIPLEXER 4051 INPUT ADDRESS AT CBA SELECTS I-OF-8& ANALOG SWITCHES. SIGNAL AT SELECTED SwiTCH T/o (INPUT / our PuT) IS THEN APPLIED TO COMMON 0/z (OUTPUT /INPUT), THE INPUT SIGNAL MUST NOT EXCEED Vop. TARE INHIBIT (INH) INPUT SHOULD BE GROUNDED FOR NORMAL OPERATION. ALL SWITCHES ARE OPEN WHEN INH IS) AIGH. !-OF-8 MULTIPLEXER Oo Vos ADDRESS {) conwecrt PIN "7 INPUTS Vek TO GROUND OF INPUT CIRCUIT. IN iF GROUND !5S COMMON, CONNECT TONE SEQUENCEK +4 CYCLES THROUGH Q TONES AND REPEATS . RY CONTROLS TEMPO, ‘ane R2-RQY ARE INDIVIDUAL TONE RESISTORS. USE IKK~ lOOK EACH. C| + | AF Vop (+3-15v) I/O L/o L/o L/o 2 1 o 3 T/o T/o O/zt/o t/o INH Veg = 46 7 5 I-OF-8 DATA SELECTOR) (DEMULT/ PLEXER) DATA OUT Veg (SEE NOTE Vop AY LEFT) 5 4 3 2 | © 7 & DATA INPUTS DO NOT REDUCE Rio. usE AMPLIFIER FOR MORE VOLUME, Yoo Rigs SPKR 2700 BL 14 3 Soe 4049 12,3,4,5,6 = ery 3760-Hz TIMEBASE MMS 3649 PROVIDES PRECISE ©0 Hz SQUARE WAVE WHEN USED WiTH 3.579S45 MHz CotoR TV CRYSTAL. FUNCTION GENERATORS, &0-Hz T!IMEBASE Voo GOHz OUT CRYSTAL FREQUENCY OUT (3.579545 MHz) Ri— USE TWO 10M IN SERIES. MOTOROLA SPECIFIES THAT Ci =30pF AND €2= 6.36 pF OK TO USE SIX o.7 pF CAPACITORS IN PARALLEL OR 47 BF CAPACITOR FOR C1. TRY TUNABLE CAPACITOR (€.9-5~SOpF) FOR CZ. To TUNE, CONNECT FREQUENCY METER TO FIN 7. TUNE C@ UNTIL FREQUENCY IS 3,579 5495 Wz. ACCURACY FAIRLY Gooo EVEN 1f YOU DON'T TruNE C2. DIGITAL STOPWATCH ~<_ 8CD OUTPUTS _» Dp Cc CONNECT TO LED of ce 1H V2 DECODER/ Ib 4518 DRIVER (€.9. HIGH DIGIT 45/1 OR 4543). USE FOR MOST DO-IT-YOURSELF TIMERS, CLOCKS, CONTROLLERS, INSTALL INC SMALL CABINET FOR WORKBENCH PRECISION CLOCK, 2 4Si8 LOw DIGIT Von 3-18 V) XTAL oo( OvuT rtfo KTAL: CRYSTAL, NC? NO CON NECTION iD Kz OUT + THIS 18 A ~ =~ DIVIDER. }-Hz TIMEBASE Vpo IO Hz IN |Hz ovT THIS IS A = TiO DIVIDER, A OPERATION: |. TOGGLE Si FRom CLEAR TO READY, Z. SwiTCH S2 FROM STOP To START. 3. SWITCH $2 FROM START TO STOP mn CLOCK IN I H2z=00-99 SEC IOHZ=0,.0-9.9 SEC Ok TO ADD MORE STAGES.NOISE GENERATOR $2688 / MM5837N PRODUCES BROADBAND WHITE NoiSE FOR AUDIO ANO OTHER APPLICATIONS. THE NOISE QUALITY 7S VERY UNIFORM. iT IS PRODUCED BY A (I7-BiT SHIFT REGISTER WHICH IS CLOCKED BY AN INTERNAL OSCILLATOR. WRITE NOISE SOURCE +14-1S¥ NOISE ODT CONNECT OUTPUT TO AUDIO AMPLIFIER TO HEAR NOISE. UE 7BIS VOLTAGE REGULATOR TO OBTAIN, +17S Vours. COIN TOSSER +14nisy™ PRESS Si} BOTH LEDs Glow, RELEASE S|] AND ONLY ONE Glows. GROUND INPUTS OF UNUSED HALF OF 4027 (PINS 9,10, 12 AND 13).*(oK TO USE I-VOLT BATTERY AS POWER SUPPLY.) Vs3 = OV Vow =7l4V Tiy Veo =-27V+ 2v (OPTIONAL) Voo Veg OUT Ve5 PINK NOISE SOURCE + JH-15 PINK NOISE CHANGE R AND ¢€ TO ALTER NO|SE SPECTRUM. ALSO, TRY LOWER SUPPLY VOLTAGES TO CHANGE SPECTRUM, SNARE /BRUSH NOISE PRESS SI TO OPERATE. (INCREASE CZ AND CX TO LOWER OUTPUT FREQUENCY. 3440 NOTESTTL/LS INTROBUCTION TTL 1S THE BEST ESTABLISHED AND MOST DIVERSIFIED IC FAMILY. ZS IS FUNCTIONALLY IOENTICAL TO TTL @uT (8S SLIGHTLY FASTER AND USES §o% LESS PowER. TTL/LS CHIPS REQUIRE A REGULATED ¥.758~-5.25 YOLT POWER SUPPLY. HERE’S A SIMPLE BATTERY SUPPLY: +c Yee IN YOO) + @-VoLTS + —_—— I~lO44 F la GND THE O100B DROPS THE BATTERY VOLTAGE Jo A SAFE LEVEL. BOTN CAPACITORS SHouULD BE INSTALLED ON THE TTL/LS CikRCuiT BOARD. CiRcuviITS WITH LOTS OF TTL/LS CH/PS CAN USE LOTS Of CURRENT. USE A COMMERCIAG S VOLT LINE POWERED SUPPLY TO SAVE BATTERIES. OR MAKE YouR OWN. (S8E THE 780S ON PACE 8Bb,) OPERATING REQUIREMENTS LV MUST NOT EXCEED 5.25 VOCTS. 2. INPUT SIGNALS MUST NEVER EXCEED Veco AND SHouLO Nor FALL BELOW GND. 3. UNCONNECTED TTL /¢ts INPUTS USUALLY ASSUME THE HAH STATE... BUT DON’T SOUNT ON ur! IF AN INPUT {(S SupPoséD TO BE FIXED AT H, CONNECT fF TO Vee- YIF AN INPUT /S SUPPOSED TO BE FIXED AT L, CONNECT IT TO GNO. 5.CONNECT UNUSED AND /NAND / OR INPUTS TO A USED INPUT OF THE SAME CH/P, 6. FORCE OUTPUTS OF UNUSED GATES A TO SAVE CURRENT (NAND— ONE INPUT H, NOR ALL INPUTS 4). INTEGRATED CIRCUITS Z USE AT LEAST OWE DECOUPLING CAPACITOR (0.0!— 0./ uF) FOR EVERY S-JQ GATE PACKAGES, ONE FOR EVERY 2-3 COUNTERS AND REGISTERS AND ONE FOR EACH ONE-~SHOT- DECOUPLING CAPACITORS NEUTRALIZE THE HEFTY POWER Supety SAKES TWAT OccVUR WHEN A TIL/LS OUTPUT CHANGES STATES. THEY MusT HAVE SHORT LEADS ANO Be CONNECTED FROM ke. To GND AS NEAR THE Tre/ts Tos AS POSS/BLE. 8. AVOID LONG WIRES WITHIN C/RCUITS 9. 7F THE POWER SUPPLY IS NOT ON THE CIRCUIT BOARD, CONWECT A 1—lO MF CAPACITOR ACROSS THE POWER LEADS WHERE THEY ARRIVE AT THE BOARD. INTERFACING TTL/LS Lot TTL OuwTrPuT wilt ORIivVE UP TO {oO Tre OR 20 2S tweurTs. 2/485 OUTPUT Wit DRIVE UP TO § TTL OR 0 £5 INPUTS. 3. TTL /L S LED Vee Rata t /~ GLOWS WHEN L DRIVERS : IK he > Nor | GLOWS WHEN H ~ TTL/LS TROUBLE SHOOTING lL DO ALL INPUTS GO SOMEWHERE ? 2. ARE ALL Ic PINS INSERTED INTO THE BOARD OR SOCKET ? 3. DOES THR CiRcuiT OBEY ALL TTL /Ls OPERATING REQUIREMENTS? 4. HAVE. YOU FORGOTTEN A CONNECTION? 5S. HAVE You USB ENOUGH OECOUPLING CAPACITORS ? ARE THEIR LEADS SHORT? G-/S Veg AT EACH CHIP WITHIN RANGE? 4|QUAD NAND GATE 7400 /7THL SOO Veo (+ 5 ¥) THE BASIC BUILDING BLOCK CHIP FOR THE ENTIRE TTL FAMILY. VERY EASY TO OSE, HUNDREDS OF APPLICATIONS. CONTROL GATE > B (CONTROL) INVERTER NOTE: PIN NUMBERS CAN REARRANGED iF DESIRED. 42QUAD NAND GATE Ccontinueo) 7400 /74LSOO HALF ADDER RS LATCH bt NOT ALLOWED LA H i HL L H HH NO CHANGE FUNCTIONS AS RS LATCH WHEN ENABLE (E) INPUT IS AIGH, WHEN ENABLE CE) INPUT IS Q OUTPUT FOLLOWS Db INPUT. No HIGH. IGNORES RS INPUTS CHANGE WHEN E /5) Low. WHEN E 1s Low, LED DUAL FLASHER SWITCH DEBOUNCER OUT TOGGLE 5S! TO OPERATE. FLASH RATE ts = 2 He WHEN CI Awp C2 ARE 47UF. PROVIDES NOISE FREE OUTPUT FROM STANDARO SPDT TOGGLE SWITCH. 43QUAD NAND GATE (continued) 7400/74HLSO0O 8-iNPUT NAND GATE BCD DECODER ABC DI OvuT RLiLA L XxX XX H USE THIS METHOD TO DECODE ANY 4H-BIT NIGBBLE. JUST AOD OR REMOVE INPUT INVERTERS, Tel,2* 7400/74L800 276 LEO Glows WHEN = ALL tasPuT SWITCHES ARE CLOSED. Tt 1,2 = 7404 IC 3,49 >= 7400/ 7428500QUAD AND GATE 7408 /THLSO8 ONE oF THE BASIC BDVILDING BLOCK CHIPS. NOT AS VERSATILE, HOWEVER, As THE 7400/74LS00 @QvAd NAND GATE. AND GATE BUFFER Vee L M4 IN OUT = IN= OUT 7 LSE FOR I[NTERFACINIG WITHOUT CHANGING LOGIC STATES. NAND GATE Vec (45 v) 45QUAD OR GATE Vee (+5 V) JTHLS32 FOUR 2-INPuUT OR GATES. NOT AS VERSATILE AS 74OZ/ 741802 QUAD NOR GATE, BuT VERY USEFUL JIN) SIMPLE DATA SBLECTORS. AND-OR CIRCUIT Vee OuTPUT GOES HIGH WHEN BOTH A INPUTS OF EITHER OR BOTH AND GATES ARE HIGH, OTHERWISE THE ovrpuor 15 Low. THIS BASIC cigculyT 15 USED TO MAKE B DATA SELECTORS... AS SHOWN BELOW = ! = 2-INPUT DATA SELECTOR 2 45 7404 DATA IN Vec A SELECTS 1-OF-27 INPUTS OUT AND TRANSMITS ITS LOGIC STATE TO THE & OuTPUT. ADDRESS NOTE: FOR 2-INPUT DATA SELECTOR, A USE FHLS27 NOR GATE FOLLOWED BY INVERTER AND PRECEEDED BY ADDRESS (DATA SELECT) 74LS510 3-!INPUT AND GATES. 46QUAD NOR GATE 7HO2 /TALS O02 JUST AS VERSATILE AS THE TH00 /274LS00 QUAD NAND GATE... Bur NOT USEP AS) OFTEN. ADD INVERTER (7404 / 744804) To BOTH INPUTS OF A NOR GATE AND AN AND GATE IS FORMED. EXCLUSIVE-OR GATE Vec (45 v) THIS ciRkcueitT (& E@uivAGenT To A BINARY HALE - ADDER. RS LATCH Vee R iL L H ld L NO CHANGE H H L L L H H NOT ALLOWED THIS) ciIRCUIT 1S A MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR OR PULSE STRETCHER. AN INPUT PULSE TRIGGERS AN OUTPUT PULSE WITH A DURATION DETERMINED BY R AND CC. ODLTPUT PULSE WIDTH IS APPROXIMATELY ORC. AND GATEDUAL 4-INPUT NAND GATE THLS20 MANY DECODER AND ENCODER APPLICATIONS. CAN BE USED AS DUAL 3-INPUT NAND GATE WITH ENABLE (CONTROL) /NPUT FoR EACH GATE. OuTPUTS GO HIGH WHEN APPROPRIATE BCD WORD APPEARS AT INPUTS ODCBA. OUTPUTS STAY Low FoR ALL OTHER INPUTS. (OMIT FINAL INVERTER TO PROVIDE ACTIVE Low OUTPUT.) USE THIS METHOD TO DECopE ANY 4-BiT NIBBLE. DECIMAL-TO-BINARY CODED DECIMAL (BCD) ENCODER BCD ouTPuTs> A B Cc D DECIMAL 14 q I" AO Vg inet = 2 7400/ nor rutwr-o SELECTED INPUT SHOULD &E Low ANG ALL OTHER INPUTS SHOULD BE HIGH. Bcd EQUIVALENT WILL APPEAR AT THE OUTPUTS. 48TRIPLE 3-INPUT NOR GATE Vee(45) THLS27 USEFUL FOR DATA SELECTORS AND NOR GATE FLIP-FLOPS THAT REQUIRE CLEAR AND PRESET INPUTS. GATED RS LATCH Vee Vee A B, OuT c Lo A Ve 2404 FUNCTIONS AS RS LATCH WHEN & (ENABLE) INPUT 1S HIGH. IGNORES RS INPUTS WHEN E 1S LOW. DATA IN Vee 3- INPUT DATA SELECTOR SELECTS 1-OF-3 JsPvTS AND TRANSMITS LoGic STATE TO THE OUTPUT. ADDRESS OuUT 123,42 73 7404/ 74504 KARR IOC K AIM ADDRESS (CDATA SELECT) 498- INPUT NAND GATE THLS3O HANDY FOR BYTE-SIZE (8-8iT) DECODING APPLICATIONS. CAN DECODE UP TO 256 INPUT COMBINATIONS, ALSO USEFUL AS PROGRAMMABLE NAND GATE. 8-BIT DECODER VOTE DETECTOR 1,2,3,4,5,@ 2 7404/74L504 1, 2/* 7404 /74L504 Vee C "270 Vee : Vee 4 = { Vee D 5 20" 3 IM Zz \/ 4 g 3 a wa 5 * OUT 4 E q 58 b Ss a 8 7 M ? bs = iz li 7 F 7 12 G 23452 LED Glows PION $74 CS04 WHEN ALC INPUT SwiTCHES ARE CLOSED. OUTPUT GOES LOW ONLY WHEN INPUT 1S LHHLLHLE (DECIMAL 100), bP TO ZS InPuTS CAN BE DECODED BY REARRANGING UP TO & INPUT INVERTERS. PROGRAMMABLE NAND GATES 5- INPUT 6-INPUT 7-INPUTDUAL AND-OR- INVERT GATE THLSS5I VERN VERSATILE BUILDING BLOCK CHIP. IDEAL FOR CUSTOMIZED DATA SELECTORS, LATCHES AND EXPANSION OF A SINGLE INPUT To AN AND-OR INPUT. LATCH WITH ENABLE INPUT Vee (+5 v) INPUT TYPICAL AND-OR Out = (AB)+ (CD) ENABLE wa TYPICAL TTL INPUT LOGIC CHIP Q@ ouTPUT FoLLows DATA = [NPUT WHEN ENABLE JNPUT #5 HIGH. NO CRANGE WRAEN ENABLE [5S LOW, THIS CIRCUIT SELECTS 1-OF -Z DATA SELECTOR I-OF- 2 4-BIT WORDS. NeTvé THAT THE SELECTED WORD 1S INPUTS —™ =D b’ C c! B B/ A A INVERTED AT THE OvTPuTS. TRE CiRCuIT REQUIRES “Two MLSSIT CHIPS. A Voy ADDRESS CA) OuTeuTS-» DB 5\DUAL NAND SCHMITT TRIGGER THLSIS Two 4-iNPUT NAND GATES WITH A SWITCHING THRESHOLD, OUTPUTS GO Low WHEN INPUTS EXcEED L?) «VOLTS. OUTPUTS G60 HIGH WHEN INPUTS FALL TO Q.9 Voter. (F ANY inPUT IS LOW, THE RESPECTIVE OUTPUT WILL STAY HIGH AND THE GATE wild NOT TRIGGER. GATED THRESHOLD DETECTOR Vee CONTROL IN 7 OUT —-- INDICATES = (WHEN CONT ROL TARESHOLD LEVEL. INPUT 15 HIGH.) GATED OSCILLATOR Ri CONTROL Ci (OlaF OSCILLATES WHEN CONTROL 15 HIGH. CHANGE RIL AND Ci TO CHANGE FREQUENCY. OK TO LSE THIS CIRCUIT AS GATED CLOCK FOR LOGIC CIRCUITS. 52 PHOTOTRANSISTOR RECEIVER USE TO CLEAN UP {INCOMING ‘LIGHT PULSES. TWO-STATE LED FLASHER 1K 2207 LED FLASHES Twice FACH SECOND WHEN CONTROL INPUT IS HIGH. L&D STAYS ON AND DOES NOT FLASH WHEN CONTROL IS Low.HEX INVERTER Vee (+ SV) THON /74HLSO4 VERY IMPORTANT fA?) ALMOST AltL LOGIC CiReuiTS. CHANGES AN INPUT TO %& ¢tS COMPLEMENT (ie. HL ANDO LH). BOUNCEFREE SWITCH OUT OUTPUT FOLLOWS Vee SWITCH POSITION. OUTPUT TORE Is 4 KH. 1,2 = fs 2404 /r4isos UNIVERSAL EXPANDER Veu Sato ALLOWS ONE SIGNAL TO IN OUT(=1N) CONTROL 2 OR ae a & MORE INPUTS. - B@ SL 7 SPRKR THIS GsReusy STEERS THE INPUT BIT TO THE OvTéutT SELECTED BY THE ADDRESS. THIS TECHNIQvVE CAn BE UséD TO MAK E MULTIPLE OuTPLUT DEMULTIPLEXERS. L u H A DATA CADORESS) 53HEX 3-STATE BUS DRIVER THLS367 EACH GATE FUNCTIONS AS A NON-INVERTING BUFFER WHEN ITS ENABLE INPUT (GI OR G2) iS Low. OTHERWISE EACH GATE'S OurPuT ENTERS THE HIGH IMPEDANCE (HI-Z) STATE. HERE'S THE TRUTH TABLE: SELECTS \-OF -2 INPUT WORDS B A RY OUTPUT , WORD A SELECT 2-BIT WORDS. Vee (459) ADDING 3-STATE OUTPUT TO TTL Vee DATA Vee IN le db 2 > 3 TWO - WAY (BIDIRECTIONAL) DATA BUS B & 7 i A 10 Af Vee DATA pe || \te OUT WRITE | 8 nt D Uist c hk > YB Ht A 8 | oReADHEX 3-STATE BUS DRIVER TSLS368 EACH GATE FUNCTIONS AS AN INVERTER WHEN ITS ENABLE INPUT (Gi OR G2) tS Low. OTHERWISE EACH GATE'S QUTPUT ENTERS THE HIGH IMPEDANCE (Hi-Z) STATE. HERE'S THE TRUTH TABLE: H L H L L BIDIRECTIONAL Vec IN ENABLE OUT 22 4 748368 3= ‘Yu 74S 368 ONLY ONE INPUT GATE CAN BE IN ENABLED AT ONE TIME. ANY NUMBER OF OuTPUT GATES CAN BE ENABLED. GATED TONE SOURCE 122 V3 74LS368 2Z2oO ENABLE (L? TONE) 8B SL SPKR 5.8KK2 = Tone FREQUENCY = Vee (+5 v) BOUNCELESS SWITCH (WITH ENABLE) ENABLE (WHEN L) ouT 354-BIT MAGNITUDE Vee Sv) COMPARATOR THLS85 AO BO B! OuTPUTS 2t 3) 4] Sd 6) 7 BS AB A>BR Ar& ACB = COMPARES TWO 4-B/IT WoRDS. INDICATES WHICH IS CARGER OR IF THEY ARE EQUAL. 8-BIT COMPARATOR HIGH EQvVAL Lo wt /\ /\ 7 wi {OurPuT LEDs ARE OPTIONAL.) 270 2 47k ENTER GUESSES IN SZ2-SS5. An OPEN SwitcH iS HIGH AND & CLOSED SwWwitTcH I> LOW, TOO HIGH CORRECT Ta —— ~ PRESS SI FOR TOO LOW & FEw SECONDS TO LOAD RANDOM NUMBER Im 74193 / 7425193. Use DIP Switch ARRAY oR TOGGLES FOR $2-S85 56BCD-TO-DECIMAL DECODER TH4I DECopES 4-BIT BCD INPUT INTO FOF-10 OUTPUTS. SELECTED OUTPUT GOES Low, ALL OTHERS STAY HIGH. ORIGINALLY DESIGNED tD DRIVE GASBOUS GLOW DISCHARGE TUBES. ALL OUTPUTS GO HiGH FOR BINARY INPUTS EXCEEDING HLLH (fool), 8 FY A D Vee B C 2 (+5v) 1-OF-10 DECODED COUNTER 220 Veco bl & te) & % at ? It} 10 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8&8 F JUL 5 IN 744i 2 LEDs FLASH ON SEQUENTIALLY - - Is RESPONSE TO DECCDED COUNT. ONLY ONE LED SERIES RESISTOR 1S REQUIRED. IO-NOTE TONE SEQUENCER R\ + AR v1 & Ww ~ 3) ee] oO ae uw rw ns - 6 in | LA N A) oO I Some tL INCREASE cl To DECREASE TEMPO. INCREASE C2 TO INCREASE TONE FREQUENCIES. TONES ARE OETERMINED BY RE-RI2.BCD-TO-7 SEGMENT Vee 9 a be de DECODER / DRIVER THT J TALSNT CONVERTS BCD DATA INTO FORMAT SUITABLE FOR PRODUCING DECIMAL DIGITS ON COMMON ANODE LED 7-SEGMENT DISPLAY. WHEN LAMP TEST INPUT IS LOW, ALL OuTPUTS ARE Low (ON), WHEN BI /RBO (BLANKING INPUT) 1S Low, ALL RBI OvuTPuTS ARE AIGH (OFF). WHEN BI /RBO DCBA INPUT IS LELL (DECIMAL 0) LAMP TEST AND RBI (RIPPLE BLANKING INPUT) 15 Low ALL OvVTPUTS ARE HIGH OFF). THIS. PERMITS DNWANTED LEADING SO DISPLAY FLASHER In A ROW OF DIGITS TO BE BLANKED. Vee THIS SIMPLE CIRCUIT Wwhke FLASH DISPLAY TWICE PER SECOND. MANUALLY SWITCHED DISPLAY TO PIN 4, TO DISPLAY TAN? (PALS, (SEE BELow) I= 3 7404 CheZs 47 ak PRPO”D RI IM tic 1- }00mF COMMON ANODE LED = DISPLAY CLOSE Si TO START TIMING CYCLE. CALIBRATE SSS FOR | PULSE (COUNT) PER SECOND OR I COUNT PER MINUTE. B™~ ABDSIUSTING Rl. 288CO-TO-7- SEGMENT Vec (45V) DECODER /DRIVER 7448 CONVERTS 6cD DATA INTO FORMAT SuiTABLE FOR PRODUCING DECIMAL DIGITS ON) COMMON CATHODE LED T7-SEGMENT DISPLAY. A DISPLAY DIMMER nei * Bi / RBO TO PIN ¥ LAMP TEST * 7448 *sce F447 FOR EXPLANATIONS. O-99 TWO DIGIT COUNTER LOWEST ORDER DISPLAY HIGHEST ORDER DISPLAY mo b ¢ de Ff 4g 2 b c de ff g Ri-Rid: 330n Ri] gz{ @3/ RY] RS] Ro; R? RS] RA! Rio! Au i a@iz{ Ris] Ry Vee COMMON CATHODE Vv LEb i] zq oni to] 9] ts] 44 IB] iz{ Mw] to} Fi asf a4 .e DISPLAY 34S-LINE TO 8-LINE DECODER TYHLS1I38 EACH %3-8!T ADDRESS DRIVES ONE OUTPUT LOW. ALt OTHERS STAY HIGH. THIS CHIP HAS THREE ENABLE INPUTS. WHEN EB2 1S HIGH, ALG OUTPUTS ARE HIGA. WHEN El) 1S Low, ALL OUTPUTS ARE HIGH. TO ENABLE CHIP, A 6B C EA &B EI 7 = MAKE El HIGH AND &2 COW. ——— (NOTE: E2= E2A + E2B.) INPUTS I-TO- 8 DEMULTIPLEXER BATA out INPUT DATA CH OR L) 1S PASSED TO SELECTED OUTPUT. ADDRESS IN = 2-TO-8& STEP SEQUENCER OUTPUTS TO DESIRED SEQUENCE Ce.q. CONNECT TO OUTPUT ¥Y ANG CiRkeait WiLt =eYCLE FROm OTO3), Vee a 2 te 7404 USE TO FLASH LEDs, CONTROL RELAYS, ETC. -O1 TO 190 wF = Rt CONTROLS CYCLE RATE, GO4-LINE TO 16-LINE VeelsSv) DECODER a) 74154 c BD EZ El 75 ‘3 i2 Bl qt Zl zo 19% le 1? lo is 14 3 &; 71 S| @] tol & 2 Y Ss 9 4 EAcH 4-6!T ADDRESS DRIVES ONE OuTPUT Low. ALL OTHERS STAY HIGH. ENABLE INPUTS (EI AND &2) Must Be Low. IF One OR BOTH ARE HIGH, ALL o 1 OUTPLTS GO Low. 4) 5 6 7 8 BACK AND FORTH [-TO-1& DEMULTIPLEXER FLASHER SELECTED OUTPUT Is LOW WHEN ADDRESS IN DATA IN IS Low, (StLECTS I-OF-I& IF DATA iN 1S OUTPUTS) HIGH, SELECTED OuTPuT tS HiIGA. THESE LEDs FLASH BACK AND FORTH. VISUALLY APPEALING. INCREASE Ri To Slow FLASH RATE.QUAD |1-OF-2 DATA SELECTOR THLSI87 FouR 2-LiNE TO [-LiNE MULTIPLEXERS. MANY USES IN ROUTING DATA. ALL H DATA SELECTORS ARE ENABLED WHEN Pin iS {8S Low. INPUTS: A AND GB OouTPuTs: YY DOUBLE DUTY DISPLAY seécécr (A 1B f¥ 2A 2B 2¥Y = BUS SELECTOR BUS Vee A 7- SEGMENT DECODER C7447 /7448) AND BUS FALSI57 BUS 7- SEGMENT A B DISPLAY. BUS B fr SELECT SELECT Low = BUS A Low =8uS A HIGH = BUS B HiGH=8us B OUT PUT WORD SORTER Bus |_| A pt PE Tl BUS ee ee ee B i ee Vee st nj sl el of oY 15 5 4 {9 Iz |e Ite 74tLSeS T4HLSIST i} 8 a VY ADB LARGEST WoORD THIS CIRCUIT CONTINUALLY MONITORS TWO DATA BUSES. BUS WHITH HIGHEST MAGNITUDE DATA WoORD !8S ROUTED AUTOMATICALLY TO OvTPUT. 62.1-OF-8 DATA SELECTOR THLS15) EQUIVALENT TD &-LINE TO !-LINE MutT PLEXER. PROGRAMMABLE GATE 2-BiIT ADDRESS SELECTS ONE SwiTCH AND APPLIES ITS STATUS {OPEN HIGH AND CLOSED = LOW} TO THE Out Pur. ANY 3 -INPuT LOGIC FUNCTION CAN BE PROGRAMMED IN SECONDS, Low reer ot stad tl ol ed yy 4% 2 5} 39F JB) 12 Vee FALSIS] 6 (oR) 3- BIT TO LEO, GATED COUNTER TONE SOURCE, ETc. PROGRAM ANY DESIRED COW-HIGH Bir PATTERN, THEN PLAY IT BACK, INPUT SWITCHES ¢ Vec le 1K FHLSISI VV YV ty Fle 4.7K i 4 B { 2 3 PRESS NUMBERED SwiTcH AND ITS BINARY 4 FQUIVALENT APPEARS ON THE READOUT LEDs. THE READOUT LEDs: 7| 8] LEDs ARE OPTIONAL. ON = Low (0) OFF= HIGH (1) = 63