Definition 

1. Planning and Operations

a. Cashflow-forecast 
A cashflow forecast is a plan that shows how much money a business expects to receive
in, and pay out, over a given period of time. ... Check out our article on how to make
a cashflow forecast for more information on the process and benefits of
financial forecasting for small businesses.
b. Subsidiary
 In the corporate world, a subsidiary is a company that belongs to another company,
which is usually referred to as the parent company or the holding company. ... In cases
where a subsidiary is 100% owned by another firm, the subsidiary is referred to as a
wholly owned subsidiary.
c. Financial management
may be defined as the area or function in an organization which is concerned with
profitability, expenses, cash and credit, so that the "organization may have the means to
carry out its objective as satisfactorily as possible;" [1] the latter often defined as
maximizing the value of the firm for stockholders
d. Forecasting risk
is the possibility that errors in projected cash flows will lead to incorrect decisions or it is
the possibility that it will lead to bad decision because of errors in the projected cash
flows.
e. Investment appraisal
is the analysis done to consider the profitability of an investment over the life of an asset
alongside considerations of affordability and strategic fit.
f. Resources 
source of supply, support, or aid, especially one that can be readily drawn upon when
needed. resources, the collective wealth of a country or its means of producing wealth.
g. Tax planning
 is the analysis of a financial situation or plan from a tax perspective. The purpose of tax
planning is to ensure tax efficiency.
h. Pension plan
is a retirement plan that requires an employer to make contributions to a pool of funds
set aside for a worker's future benefit. The pool of funds is invested on the employee's
behalf, and the earnings on the investments generate income to the worker
upon retirement.
i. Contingency
a future event or circumstance which is possible but cannot be predicted with certainty.
j. Operational risk management (ORM)
defined as a continual cyclic process which includes risk assessment, risk decision
making, and implementation of risk controls, which results in acceptance, mitigation, or
avoidance of risk.
k. Strategy development
 is the process of researching and identifying strategic options, selecting the most
promising and deciding how resources will be allocated across the organisation to
achieve objectives.
l. Treasury management system (TMS)
is a software application which automates the process of managing a company's
financial operations. It helps companies to manage their financial activities, such as cash
flow, assets and investments, automatically.
m. Smooth operations
is known as a person who accomplishes tasks with efficiency and grace, especially one
with verbal skills who is persuasive in interpersonal relationships, negotiation, etc.

2. Cash and Liquidity Management

a. Capital market 
is a market where buyers and sellers engage in trade of financial securities like bonds,
stocks, etc. The buying/selling is undertaken by participants such as individuals and
institutions. ... Generally, this market trades mostly in long-term securities.
b. Commercial cash flows
The amount of cash or cash-equivalent which the company receives or gives out by the
way of payment(s) to creditors is known as cash flow. ... It gives a snapshot of the
amount of cash coming into the business, from where, and amount flowing out.
c. Working capital
the capital of a business which is used in its day-to-day trading operations, calculated as
the current assets minus the current liabilities.
d. Interest expense
is the cost incurred by an entity for borrowed funds. Interest expense is a non-
operating expense shown on the income statement. It represents interest payable on
any borrowings – bonds, loans, convertible debt or lines of credit.
e. Tax expense
is the total amount of taxes owed by an individual, corporation, or other entity to a taxing
authority. Income tax expense is arrived at by multiplying taxable income by the
effective tax rate. Other taxes may be levied against an asset's value, such as property
or estate taxes.
f. Liquidity means 
how quickly you can get your hands on your cash
g. Bank Reconciliation
is the process of. comparing transactions from the accounting. records against those
presented on the bank statements/records.  Compare the total of the receipts written
for the. month to the total of the bank deposits for the.
h. "Cash is king"
is an expression sometimes used in analyzing businesses or investment portfolios. It
may refer to the importance of cash flow in the overall fiscal health of a business.
In corporate finance, the expression refers to the fact that only future free cash
 flows or dividends are relevant for valuation (finance) and not, for example, accounting
earnings. For investors it may also due to the availability of investment opportunities.
5- Corporate Governance

a . Financial Instruments
A financial instrument is a monetary contract between parties. We can create, trade, or modify
them. We can also settle them. A financial instrument may be evidence of ownership of part of
something, as in stocks and shares. Bonds, which are contractual rights to receive cash, are
financial instruments

b. Financial Profile
The term personal financial statement refers to a document or spreadsheet that outlines an
individual's financial position at a given point in time. The statement typically includes general
information about the individual, such as name and address, along with a breakdown of total
assets and liabilities

c. Treasury Transaction
Treasury Transaction means any derivative transaction entered into in connection with
protection against or to benefit from fluctuations in any rate, price, index or credit rating.

d. Internal Control
Internal control, as defined by accounting and auditing, is a process for assuring of an
organization's objectives in operational effectiveness and efficiency, reliable financial reporting,
and compliance with laws, regulations and policies.

e. Treasury Policies
Treasury policies govern many different treasury activities. For example:

- bank relationship management policy;

- FX risk policy;
- commodity risk policy;
- debt portfolio management policy;
- compliance (with loan documents) policy;
- interest rate risk policy; and
- surplus cash investment policy.

f. Preparedness
The term 'preparedness' refers to the ability of governments, professional response
organisations, communities and individuals to anticipate and respond effectively to the impact of
likely, imminent or current hazards, events or conditions.

g. Covenant
In legal and financial terminology, a covenant is a promise in an indenture, or any other formal
debt agreement, that certain activities will or will not be carried out or that certain thresholds will
be met. Covenants in finance most often relate to terms in a financial contract, such as a loan
document or bond issue stating the limits at which the borrower can further lend.

h. Reputational Risks
Reputational risk is a threat or danger to the good name or standing of a business or entity.
Reputational risk can occur in the following ways:

- Directly, as the result of the actions of the company itself

- Indirectly, due to the actions of an employee or employees
- Tangentially, through other peripheral parties, such as joint venture partners or suppliers

i. Compliance Information
The term compliance describes the ability to act according to an order, set of rules or request.

In the context of financial services businesses compliance operates at two levels.

Level 1 - compliance with the external rules that are imposed upon an organisation as a whole
Level 2 - compliance with internal systems of control that are imposed to achieve compliance
with the externally imposed rules

j. Audit Trail
An audit trail (also called audit log) is a security-relevant chronological record, set of records,
and/or destination and source of records that provide documentary evidence of the sequence of
activities that have affected at any time a specific operation, procedure, or event.

6. Stakeholder Relations

a. Risk Analytics
Risk analytics helps take the guesswork out of managing risk-related issues by using a range of
techniques and technologies to extrapolate insights, calculate likely scenarios, and predict
future events.

b. Proactive Communication
Proactive communications is a customer relationship lifecycle strategy used to increase
customer loyalty. It is related to the organizational psychology term proactivity, which states that
individuals should act based on anticipatory behavior rather than reacting to situations.

c. Credit Rating Agencies

credit rating agency is a company that assigns credit ratings, which rate a debtor's ability to pay
back debt by making timely principal and interest payments and the likelihood of default

d. Yield Enhancement
A “yield enhancement strategy” is a method of investing which involves buying options with
strike prices at the top and bottom of a specified range