Solutions M: ual-Theory of Vibration with Applications mm T. Thomson and Marie Dillon Dahleh TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 1 CHAPTER 2 9 CHAPTER 3 44 CHAPTER 4 76 CHAPTER 5 116 CHAPTER 6 149 CHAPTER 7 178 CHAPTER 8 201 CHAPTER 9 229 CHAPTER 10 249 CHAPTER 11 350 CHAPTER 12 366 CHAPTER 13 412 CHAPTER 14 438£ eA Simet AZ 0:20 cm Vs 005s 3 2 2. 44.89 Ys o+27- is: h 2 OA cout Pinay, = OA = 838 M/s x SA siw wt 1-2 Onurt = 29592 = 515.2% ‘man K mag = DA = 350.9 om/st O* = 0.2655% 10° F = 10,9 em/s* Ba = Fay Jo = 50x 9804 = 0/84 0.2655 10 OBE come Te Daal = 271j0 = 62.83 % Me fs 00 5 Zmay = OA = 4.57 mb A= 0.07274 ™ = 7.278 em Leng =A = 287./ m/ge % =A (Sin ad,t t sured) = 2A cm £(a,-O,)t Stud (ay ray )t fet 20, ae er ac , 240, 20O74dF 20 1% ELA wf add - sad 4436 = S(eserisme)ase? On ten’ Z = 36°52’ = 0.6435 4 z=Ae A =1%G?42* = 6.325 6 tn'2 = 19°26' = 0.32/7% 0.3217 € Zse3sse = 6-325 (9° 26’A (c9 + 6 Sime) = Ae? CZs A(tme-Ssme) = Z, =Alea(oe 4a) + & se (0+90)] Za30° +347 8.47 Ry = 5 + 40003 30" Rx = 4Sm30° = 2,00 R=1 847% 2.0% = 8-70 6s tam’ 2 = 12°57’ ood a XU) ts odd Function . G20 Te tbe Bf may seme t dt a Leet ng ; [ Cis mat dt + (oieians ae | “z be ale -g[ eae y - tae |P] sa c-om) +b, ff frm even “Ye um odd ar KU) = & (Swat + psmsut + PSmsutt s+)R(t) is even function 1-12 xe) 7 ° \ Woe % Fi ¥ 2 a ri i an + Efren cat dt bal . eed re os ne, % om a BH Jovewnat deat) “fe errmuye dia, afereonsedee oa " thr meg, teal - fr ms 3 7, U, ar Kit) = & (coat ~f cwsut +Zeasut i _ eee tat b(ter) -Tetso osts® wet = mete) ; z “hr 4 £4, Ca Llm-thessmat duit) average value = zl ; ; mer 6.2 £[ gltenpenmatdinns) + : “r ca B [gE (r-t)eosmu,t dewjt) because of symmetry ° ater ter wane! , of scenut) ; faqs fen oda . jet + L corsu,t + br i(mot +h rset eh mt) =10 > os ats 2r x22 suts2 wot a Bs ar ax ( wt af at or a ar | ar Br cay et “ in chy [ate e aa ae i conf a enue Lo [nt (ie dam eras 2 = te [mi (it came) on yee bg aot siewe fSat sasat Kite c+ we Drs le -e". ee z wt ar—| .)% Balm bf atscdvede he Ef e(neoase) de 3 ° : _ seuewt A SéeoT 2 &, 4(z - } Fae $- SH). 4 Kame 4 =m moe aE on paar + [G08 AGF), sae (WP) = ¢L=/4 cont. ES, of saw tooth wave = nt) 24-2 (smut + gsmaut rpscsute---) 4 . vie) = £ - 2 (strat rgsnaut +--+) +h, (ewes £sezetr- ra Bg L(snue re ysrane + - eh, (sesteyt + seteyt o ---) + S08 products which Bi(sateye + sitait oo) + TEE Soe z " A Af[eede 2 +b cout |", 1 corme| , it casue Pf de = £ + A taut | + ea gcaemt| + oh cman ° ° le ' hag $ (eee) eg he twit (7. areas 20, Gree 2(t ~ | + ° 0 let wT = 29 & where & ib an ateyer > 20 Kt) =£ +S, (cout sfensut + pessute Fourier Spectrum = plot of coetficients. For this case b=0 CYR = an at yeLate by tt | { ot Farm He 3. wes h®o ka L average ive = AF = & é eee = un mar = seme Sem = Sm B8 : - s = tes 227) be tae (1 csmam) = oh (1-08 B27) “Veuve 2 earl shea! oper atm = Yar bs = YC ren gary 4 er mee é. n < Pu 7 “BISe = 60" < eery 40" z 0875 60" s OSSE 6o” 3 ° ° ° ° ° Lanas = hese slong Sing = hsm “tas =[/-Gyfsnte]* ~ sip forts - g(BYait Sa n[s-ene + z(fy site + d(t7n% + ---] using Senko = £(1-en2e) , 0% = 4 (f-2c020 + f C40) S= Alice +4 (8)4(1- cna) + -- PALA) ome -8(Deose eng A et ly Ratio of 2™ barmonie /1 Hharmonie = 4($) =RA = 010A" £ ts =) o= Tr at, = ue as a ef O-Br oye =F 4 & = Db = 20 by, (5) = 0-50 “nl % {2450 = 0.0250 By) sp 00280 _ (%) = /0 = 1.0593 %, = 10593 K = 10593 x 2S mm = 2-648! Error = 0,0S93X 2.5 mm = # 0-148 mom = 21 Db = 2 “Bn (19) = 20 Db = 20 log, (50) = 33-98 Db = 20 Ley, (wo) = 40.0 1-22 Dé = 20 Loy, #, ) = 32. (4,,(F2,,) = 33 = 460 %, hbo fam 7 10 S08 1000“Meas. A cae hme eae — a2 2 t 2.ahy ae 58 hy m 20.485 : ; 4. (Em (E48 = 883.5 N/m = 0./SG 52-4 * 5 2 £ = (a7t) = (a7 #) ste = (27 77 ) mt A453 * . nti 48 (4H. ) cme 2 0.9028 hy ko = 87.46 N/m Eire % measured Sovm static eguilsbriam pasition of m, & 7 fq, of mation after empact 7 (mpm) a ke emg et, + fe Gen solatica me Kit)= EF > Asmat + Bosat 2 Lnitiat conditions "i x)= 0 = Bi eB 1B--"9 Xo) = eYge = A Ae mash omreene Cmrmnye 8 Tame xa) = >? + fae a - 3 eo wt = GE()- emwt) + Beh, eet 4s ok wn = 2.0 es Ke CBWE + BS smut = aenzt —£ srt Bos esmat —restt 20 femtha—2 2b OST? Sue 6,575 8944 eel. F727. 4472, Xmag = 2(-.4872) — 4 (09994) = — 44 7R om Brag * OK = F(44 ATE) 2 RITPD Om /s*= = 20.6* = 15.83 ~ 396 = G30 bm sec* = 555 6h = 0.176! 2 z wuts 25t" 5 0.0356 % he = ko Work dene = change in KE , st ae | a: Wh Boma= ES Cag Oe, vertical didpl = Je yah we acter Ue eney = ef1-(- B4-)) . . fe an Wyk or Se eee ME He ea BE = stetazT 71 2032 $249 hs +4507 mm 2a 10 Mament about Shaft = (AStne) at Simot (st gb = = (ase) ur Sine — fe} in os fad (2 “ay he mls gE / portlet pfrttit pence / (aur sina) 62-4 62 3(#)*=40(% w= L (08) = 003175 mls gs JE = . Cag 031 = SE = wor7 n= 5,826 Ba water weighs OLN Jo? 3, pate BOL ANIA, Yop busyant force = TR KO 2 mE = ote fet « waste &, 2 ee > Toa 7h 2 ar V3, Oe AT NT o032*x 1/762 cae TE=14 moment ebout gem, center -wse 2 36 -J 5,6 = Sw. osssew Gary Zale Displ. of cg ~ , a i \% = moment % Tadmd es bla where Ss BIG! ae Linkage about piv, x .# Te gm(byae rg SBS Am 22 sal m(byr BIA oye [mays 2] 2-25 «2 A T = £[8% + meer} = 6-i4, Ted [Therm 2-26 The kinetic energy is 5 ; 2 2) 52 T = $36" + gm lod y's Limy(oot= ¢ (5 +m Pog mS 6 e(atme je” 2 omg Tt my, With the velocity at A equal t% % = 26, T becomes T:¢ (testes ) 52 and the effective mass at Ais om, = (Ze mebttrst ) 242L 4-85. (3G) (B] e 12 « ‘ Te gmp ster a2 BH (folgyeleye(@) 1m ° 2 .2 sarpa(b ta] = £086 742-8 ye eg (G@- HE) +3) measured Soom bce ond Oty SL yes f tool BF +(f)+3] Te4 » [doves fmt 5. [Cat aga Slas- 5 = +50 Ymun = 0-534 (oscilfatory ) « $210 day = O- 3066 (aperiedic) n See Fob 2-36 for analyte solution!» BBR Coar Inter the value of the mass (kg) : 1 Prob. RIF (a) m= Enter the value of the damping coefficient (N.s/m) : 4 cre] Enter the value of the spring constant (N/m) : 1 k= Enter the value of the initial position (m) : 0 cy Enter the value of the initial velocity (avs) : 1 yl= ans = Natural period 4 6.2832 20Q-3% cent Enter the value of time increment in seconds ( < Tas above) : . a= 0.5000 Enter the value of the initial time in seconds (0) : 0 tl= Enter the value of the final time in seconds : 10 tis 10 ans = Time Displ. vel. ans = 0 0 1.0000 0.5000 0.1667 0.2526 1.0000 0.1953 0.0360 1.5000 0.1856 0235 2.0000 0.1667 0368 2.5000 0.1471 0371, 3.0000 0.1290 0339 3.5000 0.1130 0301 4.0000 0.0988 0264 4.5000 0.0864 0231 5.0000 0.0756 0203 5.5000 0.0661 0177 6.0000 0.0578 0155 6.5000 0.0506 0136 7.0000 0.0442 -0119 2A-3F 7.5000 8.0000 8.5000 9.0000 9.5000 0.0000 von & 0.0387 0.0338 0.0296 0.0259 0.0226 0.0198 maximum amplitude 0.1953 02, 0.18| 0.16 Displacement s e288 gf 8 & ° 8 0.04] 0.02| Displacement Vs. Time 8 10 «12 Time 2» a7 87 Cont ASA (b) Enter the value of the mass (kg) : 1 m= Enter the value of the damping coefficient (N.s/m) : 1 ce Rnter the value of the spring constant (N/m) : 1 ke Enter the value of the initial position (m) : 0 Enter the value of the initial velocity (ms) : 1 vi = ans = Natural period 6.2832 BRzF Coat Enter the value of time increment in seconds ( < Tas above) : .5 a= 0.5000 Enter the value of the initial time in seconds (0) : 0 tl= mnter the value of the final time in seconds : 20 tf 20 Displacemen Vs. Time 06 oa 5 E g ey Zo! 0 o 2 4 6 8 © 2 4 16 18 Time 2410.1 10. 11. uu 12. 12. 13. 2B. 14.1 14. 15 45. 16. 16. 17. 17. 18. 18. 19, 19. 20. LLM OINTAAVOREWUNNEHOS ‘Time 0 5000 -0000 5000 0000 +5000 =0000 000 0000 -5000 0000 5000 0000 5000 0000 5000 0000 -5000 0000 -5000 0000 5000 0000 5000 0000 5000 0000 5000 0000 5000 0000 5000 0000 5000 0000 5000 0000 5000 0000 5000 0000 x ~S# Coak Disp. vel. 5L- 3 loath meximem amplitude 0.5340 > frob QsH(a) Enter the value of the mass (kg) : 1 Enter the value of the damping coefficient (N.s/m) : 2 cs Enter the value of the spring constant (N/m) : 1 Enter the value of the initial position (m) : 0 x= Enter the value of the initial velocity (ms) : 1 26R- BH Cont Natural period 6.2832 Enter the value of time increment in seconds ( < Tas above ) : a= 0.5000 Enter the value of the initial time in seconds (0) : 0 tle Enter the value of the final time in seconds : 20 té= 20 Time Displ. Vel. 0 0 1.0000 0.5000 0.3021 (0.3047 1.0000 0.3666 0.0016 1.5000 0.3337 -0,1103 2.0000 0.2699 1344 2.5000 0.2047 1225 3.0000 0.1491 0992 3.5000 0.1055 0752 a0 WLOBBIIAVUR DE Q-3F Coat 0000 5000 ‘0000 5000 0000 5000 0000 5000 -0000 -5000 0000 5000 10. 10.! 1. i. 12. 12. 1B. ey 14.1 14. 15. 15. 16. 16. 17. 7p 18. 18. 19. 19. 20. 0000 5000 0000 5000 0000 5000 0000 5000 ‘0000 5000 0000 5000 0000 5000 0000 5000 0000 5000 0000 5000 0000 3666 0.0732 0.0500 0.0337 0225 +0149 0098 ov64 0042 0027 0017 0011 0007 0005 0003 0002 = 0001 0001 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ec ooo sp eSoS099999909999999999999 -0.0548 0.0388 0.0269 -0.0184 -0.0124 -0.0083 -0.0055 -0.0036 -0.0024 -0.0015 ~0.0010 0.0006 -0.0004 0.0003 -0.0002 0.0001 -0.0001, -0.0000 -0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -0.0000 0.0000 -0.0000 -0.0000 -0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -0.0000 0.0000 -0.0000 -0.0000 2Bho $# Gear Displacement Vs. Time 04 0.35 0.3 0.25] 02 Displacement 0.15] O41 0.05] 0 2 4 6 8 10 «12 Tme 2Sate me 2 be 100 = bu O2040R = 0.0202 ms “380 & ar = 1003215 = [GE = 2778 F He 2.267 = LmMOLT = RAR TXA7TE * (0032/5 = +405 Eo 2 = 34 @) pLEEY f= = 0.0893 2x4,5341 3500 o Ss 27Z = 9.3/0) rs* é “3/0/ <) Bas ee (2, = 1368 « e,, (2.718) ZOO = 3,167 He Ts 65is- (4) %mn/ Xaver = ES = 1874 WE 2m, -ac(aé)—2klae) = mee AP On 8 + Bla" + &(H)'8 =0 br ose ano a 5° Alb (-AG crit damp, Seth = g fh a ik fte a= 1B = SE-B on 22 dently fom b r25n8 + cn “2h, S* tie, “ently PomEm, 2 mats = he's - cad 6 + Kee =0 a+ (E wR «tam = On /0527 = 05729 OOF 16 ye. 5 +35 6 3k pe = 0 G+2g0,8 + me =0 Leite, 6-84. “ & . ok FSS - ae ‘EY Ban pads bs =o Bor Was a + Bx co 18 -GBY = 41G- square both sider tL (AAs yt ay - (8) = “ x 3 & OP ng lag aga 3Rlasiy) #2 Oo » egxcilt + mE Wat =e xe) Lit emt] ’ t nwat, % = alr wel or € (er ot}=.007 Selve by trial * ant wat etre ent] 4.90 00745 0435 4.% 1007017 108/92 we close 4.97 1006987 104147 i Ot = 4.4 te = 0.2/4 5 2~ 4 en = 07S 5 42 2% hm = 797.048 y= +2197 Mm A VG* 7 = 0697 F4.(2.6 ~10) a heey tes 4 = Y= wy On ti=st , at Sug, SIF at 2.0 , abe at = % My = ft 497%) _ 11259 om ‘7.89% 9756 t=ef{h = .0/7@ s 32i Fy.l26-19) Br ito) 20 Sent. aie aoe” ces Yr-5* Gye a Fat =e elestant = -/ m0 2 1 CTF) salve by Pmdl = sz 50 HE + 1630 9 8078 2.2957 +1007 oo Boo 2.3562 + OF8E oUF SF re SEG = ORE, TIF 2 1 9SSS EE Krersat = 1 2 ET = 00377 = 379% Z- Agia) (Prob. 2- ai by VW) +eab SWe-méé: £60 —(has+eas) abo = 0 5+ ga6 + Btle =o 6 +276 +wle = 0 = 2yZy eat Oe IE BE 2=AGb) (Prob. 2-42by VW.) Sw = -maé.abe—cas. ale —tb0.b5e=0 6+& 6 +B (bfe=0 % bg = Eth) te series with ty = Ath) Be Rrhk, th, 3BLt let arf ny. PROSE 2 tt ag), PL 1b) Fa OOF GO = as 2 ribitty = = da ot Bod 6 ws 66 e Fs &x (DAx Ry 2 fee £ = &£+(¢)%, - & ty = BA Tat ZO SE Ey (e617) w0)= 6 Lege ontFat) et tat ER ee gays SSE (0 + 1) mt Ey ban Coulomb frvetion ° D aoe 40 Xk = Oh 2 eat ao , +7304 2 & 2 47 SBS 6 Xm 1 RH 3 a 3896 14 4 9h peek 5 Tr 2078 ° 3406 visee ws: Ix) The two amphitades are epual fer 0 Fa! 2-55 Tt emit egrets gle) U = £4 +2 oe (O8 oa)? E(D+0) = (mi emi o Beye +(4 +e (4 Bf] % anced (mit mnt Lae)¥ +L eteyeappxree 20 ee 2AM = 2 Yr Aye dt ] (me mer Efe) ale 352-56 er gst Pe et a Bee 2 : : 4 $r7d* a 4 eral ees te ad Ta gimerg’ (E+ Hoel hy) ]e LOOK (Sod eg bb steno Sg AGE ET ee} sXmo[pr dr dtg (Bk Brim ges? = 4 [C254 me) + ruse] x Ussegi = 4e28° S(Tru)=-2 ge F =-F08 (0.2581 me + Sez) & + .staske + Bex 20 16 AB tee gw = [med the tees] -2KaSe — slo se = 0 ayy 2 =o (mes $B + (RU + 2K) e 362-58 Accel of eg, tm verrwal direction = 0 but vork dove by gravity (5 met zero Sy = fr smeSe, = £6 Se, eg = G80, EG 4. # &(i-ene,)* = coe) 6a, the, 52 #5, = Ul6, 7 ¥ 8,56, = bur z )8, 56, nena)? kimebs) Sg 00/72 he = £6, 56, + F be $8, =L0r & Jo, Se, 1 - bs oat 6, 80, ~ (tafe & oe. - ng $8, 50, — mg 04H, 85% =k fio-ene,) by (men oy} e(r+ fi)9@, = © 4 ao sa aE » 84,2450, , [nef = ml (ETS a [nal + mehlrrs)Je = ° (spring farce 1 2% arder iafinrtesmal ) aSL iy the initial Cond trons Medak, 2nd Xo) =0, Be solution must be considered for each hall cyck. During the first hall cycle, wit m moving From right to eft, R(t) és negative so that sqnlk) & positive and the equations of motian are; A) = Asura,t + BCsat + AF bd) = Almas — oSSmat uB oA Ss 1 ay Q At t=0 naye%, = Br " 8 jlo) = 0 = mA and the general Solution becomes : F AE uly = (x, AP eset + AE Ba) 2-0, (467 AE Sm oat For te second half cyce % 15 positive and He Grichian Borce 13 negative, The new equation must now be written with two offer constants C antD KG) = CSmut +Dlesaat — 4E KG) = nC loayt — QDS wot We again measure tine t=0 Mt the beginning of Hhe 2 alt cyck, with new initial Conditions Found From He previous equations as 20)= (- %+ *4E) and flo) = © “De —%,+ IA and C=0 the second halk cycle The new equation Lar . 4 nie) = (~ Ho + BE) cos ant — Rit) =~ On (2,7 HAF Sm ant 3Ba wisteelthed <9 ayy —0 io = Strebched _ f : - — ip elk pln fo a a. al We springs 13 Cy - — spring, cabbie UD sane tee Te feat a oe aad hep, ace fle —eputlaleal wo ap say laptce Fee --whece,. sa ait pinta (aa the the ee pocall combiq atfon 22. h2 ll] ky S hc Te Eyuation of motion mk= ~KegX — CK my mk + CX + kegxX=0, where, Keyy=—_| __ (set problem 240) ts the tke r Ve, + Vh'q effective spring constant for the system. 40= £2 Yue = EG Bie FR ~ 2446%020 6,3 “E © The 27 127x162 X endampet (ag) DP + (Ym) = PR ene Cae at = AF 5 bts O2§T= 25.13 On = 8-46 a, bean ars 2 ARE . 17 5* Square + solve for 5 2059S(1- 52) = BF 46S +. 2058 = 04896 5 = +2238 47.58 . 2 Tr =s* 72T— =i 5706 ale A nes roo wes & = 8379 ek : 2/525. £4 (31-7) y Tees Jpop 3 “34 = pS 100797 ™ = +797 om Fe (31-8) a Tag! ECB) 2 tan! 8 Ga gsae = 51.43" ey 29801 41mi, = -C4, +4 Cx-x,) mir ek, + Ra, = RX, Set Rylace excitation by tke O° then nay eH : axe hed ree [G- mor) reve Xe & x, ‘ x 2 tk - 4K eT " * Emoyetoe * Tamara = AX ten! ee x, Vamp eae > po Tan R= ma =z meoo= KR (g-%) tha mi + ee +he = “g¢ at peyett waxed peter Gg scwye* axe (Re mote doe) X= 6 we ye tere tweet _ y ott Fimats we ikem (cope Xe F. we set = ce Th-moPe(O* =e re cw koma) set O=4-F fany = a24 Square Ep. (3.-7) (By = oe 3 Xo (i-n reas n 2 =(%, )* 2 (XS 2 20-4) -457 0 © (mye (a: Yr-25* A A psonance Beno Ka LL ~ Xe 25 Xe Wher 8 #10 Xe ered x = 24 = 246 Seer ese +[252)* x fre ¥ solve Br gt = ue C- ay slehu (165 )* 6.359 5* = ./1296 + 25605* 57s 1034) $= 1847 =a £4.3)-/7 é 284 i= \+ [een] this is the function file for the imaginary part of prob. 3-6 function [imegp] =inp(r) zeta=0.01; imagp=-(2*zeta.*r) ./ ( (1-r.*r) .-2+ (2*zeta.*r) .°2) ; ed WThis is the function file for the real part of prob. 3-6 function [realp]=xp(r) zeta=.01; vealp=(1-r.4r) ./ ( (1-r.*r) .°2+ (2*zeta.*r) .°2); ed 4Bprob 3-6 Cont zeta=0.01 2et0=0.02 30, 02 04 06 O8 1 12 14 16 18 2= Law of Casines « 8° 6.0 ~2x2.8xb.0xCo5 35° 27.84 + 34.0 —33.40% 8/92 = KI a= 4.039 Law of Sines 409 4.09 60 Sm 55° Suna Sth ob = hzgx 516 = 8521 = 5B.44° = 1386 22 180- = = 1246" 2 6; 3 * Lose To balance, rotate He vector x = 4.087 , ALG" clockwise and multiply by ZZ,» The position of the balancing wt 15 Found by rotating He frie! weight 221.6" en, From the (of WS*hbom ref) and reducing ity Value 70 13862, posite 453-10 Graphical Solution | dp Lb _- Original unbalance 2-8 @AE cw. From Ref. Wk trial Weight W,=2 @135* ow" % MM Peading= 430 @ Mikew, Resultant = 4.05 @ 76,5° From horizontal To balance rotate Wy 76.5° and reduce to Students should check with prob, 3-F 453-u From F4.3.2-5, we have tags SC), teens § oH 9° ay eg = 0.2399 494 4, 3.2-4 fae S77 =k me = xh, M(aso) g = 13-497° = 340M original unbalance. b = 1.386 of. Original unbalance = 282% MX =-777 me, (ome), = 3.40 2 on tral wt Wy resulfed tn X M 4.04 = .777(me), +, (me), = 50199 M (me. me), = IF.) 4g (me), ~ 30 = 4.04 A (NG), = 1,444 1.386 = 20 0 = Wp a72 ‘The method used to balance the single disk can 3 be modified to balance the long rotor ahown in Fig ?3-12 (a). wy 2) Pig P3-12 (a) near end Far end (1) Pirst measure the original unbalance vectors w.r.t. a fixed reference on the rotor at the near end far ends as N and F respectively. (2) Next, a trial weight Wy, is added to the near end and the new vectors N, and F, , shown in Fig P3-12 (b) are recorded with Wy, + The dotted vectors 4 and (4 are due to W,, alone, Fig P3-12 (b) eA and since they are proportional to W,, , they can be related to each other by @ complex influence coefficient, or operator & . (3) Next, the trial weight W,, le removed and a new trial weight Wy. 18 added to the far end. Measurements for Np and Fy are then recorded, as shown in Fig P3-12 (c)- Fig P 3-12 (ce) 4B a= B Wes, 48=A Cont, Again, the dotted vectors are proportional to Wyo , and they are related to each other by another complex operator (4) as in the single disk problem, tue two dotted vectors for the near end must be rotated and combined to cancel the original unbalance N. Also the final balance weights Wp; and Wj) must be related to the trial weights Wy, und Wyo by two additional complex operators @ and d - Mey =O Mey te Be Thus to balance the long rotor, the following two equations must be satisfied @A + $(6B) = —N $B +9 (4A) = -F Solving these for @ and P , we obtain O- nag A NF $= C= opyB In these equations, N and F are the original unbalance vectors, and & and 6 are obtained by the division = 6B x ‘the x =% on Bg = With @ andg known, balancing weights W,, and W,, are found. 49; roonance ones WOT. ark, Le IS cps = 900 cpm ©) £4 (3.2-4) at resonance 2m 5 BRO = 0.018 x2 2Mx 2X 1BL4 X26 X10 = 1200 | ©) At 200%pm B= Fee = 533 &G. (3.2-4) X= 7 1.333" x2 MY [1 1353*] +[ax one xsan} aOR) , LITT = 0023/4m = - 23K om IPI +78023 (dy _ £4,08-2-5) po =Ton! Rae era = Gn (-. 0805) = 190°- 4.61 = (754° Beck + RK = (med) Smt ge Let Gmewt) Smt = Fe cot ‘tak ae fot _ then x2 X € HEH) «EF xe Colm rico + a) Ke = ree SS = Gain) +8) 503-15 = Fl = 2onps = wxaT rad/s, 0, = 1B eps = Ign aT Aad, Be bill Eg, 3.2-6 set. sew Sunlot -~) XA) = XE “Sn (FOE —4,) + ET Gat transient stoady state a t=0, x(o)=0 . 5 aX eng + Lm sid-9. . wo 0 =X Sent Go-Go Fr Es) attso 40) 20 sod 13, TP, Jj L(t) =XyO0 [TH onc Put 4) “Feri (F ent F) fesse Joo Cr(ot~#) E-eyT + Es 2.1" * Kl0)= 0 = X,[aalFend, +guncingi) 4 Cmenalu co? a) pe Son) yang, = roasne Sromt2) . nes med ywene Xp OaTaF eng +50, free, SS feo aiding a Tan = @ 51ad transient teem =O tue toe = Oo = rea Sem wt = #) Te SV + (45 B7° os Final empl = 2S pranstent Final amphitade Steady State sR. Aten) phase g can then be solved from lange "ey me =H -94ISE 2 43,457° Fy (3-4-6) Thon 4, solved from (3) Tap = 7610, 4, % 142 Then solve ForX, and sub. inte By(3.2-6) for build up ey: Ba1E — Lewese critical speed = Findamentel Srey, of latemd vibr. _ - & er = 486L - * f- tS where & we, Tate me Mage t 0.486 "shake b= ERY 108) 14 309, (By x a 4tém = 29866283) ES) (aa) 2 648 oheee 3% 35 = 1029 apm 52= 4.538 & 461 ¢ ma 4 2002107 Nyt = 2x 304g = +07 m Sx 254710" = 1.270 x10% me xa 2 2 277K OF o4 ha tox nas x 1277210 54 Vw (6e% ) ML mM =A TE (u2t0010") (uote) * P= 2938 02 7530 fa, = density of steel ge {Sane i) an |asyer ag — (686 He Hie — = rd* _ rx 40. 2 ja = 2.5. La Tet, Tx sree 2 2 04351 i dia = 2.54 om te eae 4 = 4EEL 2 48 (2001109) 208320" 2 922 10° Nim ee 4064 ma ISG +. 8H (Ex, 0254" x, 4064)(7930) 21304184 = 1438 by foe eB ae ig 2 4504 apm mr] 74. B= See L540 SE) 2-2. c0e wm 4504 =e = +2 em (given = 2828 2.024, me = 257g ky em igen) ga 882 Tom A = 2060(.02117) = —.04316 em Fe mare) = 14,38(- 0430+ 027Narx soo) = (273 N Teo 383H!/8 Cont. for cliam = 1-405 om sagem 21486 (Ex 0190s" 4064)(1930) = ‘habe 4408 483m = 14.04 fy m =m, ge ‘di 44 = © 405% 00" =. e404 10 a oS x ete i os B= F(R x07). 64K IO 2g gay x10 40645 = = apm w - Sere 2 2.425 f= 4URT He = 247648 2 =e oas7 (2.423)™ = 02552 Are =. 0083s 1 2.423) = /4, oan ( 20828 LEASE) (27 hero y= A4n) N ee 3-12 Aan + et (see Ex.3.4-1) OD Zz 0508 = OF On12 (amr oo) £ t= 22528 «0075 see c.ccon 3020 me = RO x- where % = displ, of om - named measured Fam statie epsilib lee go Vom sELe iis Pa tn geo thea om ¥ thE = RY Sim MELE = hY smwt ae Sol 1s x = X Seat xe oe E 1-(%,) The mest unlaverable Speed corresponds to Sa . Ly o veSihe2h (Ref. Prob 3-20) 43.0249) f- Bw . 15% = S63 by Tham [lore O,= 27L = 7.924% = 4Wm 2 14.63, 9 = 22.87% Merit, a er 7 7 Vi 64,4 by = eto = 17.89 -% “oF 27 17.89 - 7.683 % “mode fund at £ | + & 4. bk | mr > Xe j_t d Oh REY WI] ie oy xe % + 4(By 553-23 y . om ck thx a ge by ge Y Smut = X Sie (ut-p) wx Co (wt -#) B= eYenwt nak Soe Ut) Sub. ints DE (Rom )X Sim (wt -F) + COX Cn (WEF) = oY tnt + RY Sie wt Expand Ga(ot-y F Co (we-¥) F equate coef of Cut Smut coef. Femut—» — [(A-miteny ewes t]x = RY ww eect [(eamab Sing — weeny x = wc Divide + Factor cosy Frem num. denom. te get 3 tony = —mee = Ee (35-4 ¥ * mle * ) Solve for savy 4 Coo} Ft Sub, into & (REO 2 Eg (8.8 ye x lentes OP? (Kombjeng + OCS 7 F cbter math algenre a24 £2 188 #elaN) oe See ae B= 264 mm. For f= 2200 cpm the Fy is smaller 0.10 ey = 1.0 ff (meer YL og. ry, 56= Mg. 453498 = 9755¢/ VM - 3755,0 N 3 +00 5080 B7S56/ sq = 8785.4 om BISEX 10" 453,47 493/01 a @) - (2292897) an oe. r= N77 y = TE) | BS gsr | 27 xy aT 30000579 ™m Fe RX = P7SSC!% 000679 = 506.7 N 3-27 New M = 453.4 + 1136, = 1589.4 Ry 3 New R= 87SS6/ x see = 3067.295x10 ts sam: be same X= a e ABA x . 000579 = 0, 5x0" ” (ey 1599.4 25 3-28 M = 6% +1200 = /269 &. £= 160 cpm oO, = ex xaT = 16,75 Ms 2 =. 3Lt Om = Fete = 18746 keaim =355951 % X = 170 0.3559 x 10° No.5 «15° a = 10,5%10 om ]Li- 1875*\* + [0.2.x 18 TS) = 001/05 om i = &XYiragg.y = 559 x10 “x 1105x10° Y1 + «1406 = 42.0 N 373-29 zy sto3e =a = apepee = 49.796 W= 2x20 = 125.6 Bo 2.5236 Y Accel, = IS 2420 x V+ [-2x252%)” |S) ————__s= 0.2078 Y [16.368] + 12507 JoX =.2078 x ,000965 =0,0002005em = 000965 cm IX = 3.166 oma = transmitted accel. 3530 fad mass M te instrument 44 increase WYalm X must be reduced to 23) 0002005 = .000 /2: ( ie) 2. as x. BE 2.1332 2f EY (ey }# Cee Solve by trial: for aa y = +/327 for BaF y = +0893 both of these are OK Gr Dat = “ln - 2m For i n= BG Mam, ™; tM, Met M, = 284. My = I, hy tobe added. 583=3/ Sam Compare £q.3.5-8) with £4 (3.6-2). They are re 1+ 05-.)* 7 eye Sey Te calculate 20 bog |TR|, Hirst calewate TR with 5 fixed, db vary, & & img Be + Then frit” Db. ‘this is the code for prob. 3-31 ome=1.5:.2:10; zeta=.02; top=l+ (2*zeta.*ane) .°2; bot=(1-ame.*2) .°2+(2*zeta. *one) tr=sart (top. /bot) do=20* Log (abs (tr) ) ; prob3.3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ° 10 omega/omega_n 59Wy = TeOX* 2 wag Zk X* _ 7K 26 (&) [-@IT+ bse 3-33 We 2 2 C wr O=££XL, We eoXe, i a aT ERX ® ry taped rain a Fant 5S 7 = Sa See at resonan Xue = igh From Prob. 3-24 Ys Goa Ge ot =E tm a ey 2 é te nt + Olan Fsmat * 3-35 % z 2 On a OL (Bye arama °G) (By Go a7 8 errele of radius | ra 3-36 = We 2 2ETRX™ | a Zaxt 7457 < es a a 5+ rein $2 er 2 CH ene 2 me mon = 8 iu 6for viseons damping 5+ ig * ax ca 3238 Wy =e, TOX* = D4X fr Coulomb , ge. OD _ my GF FaxX atm 4,8 + pe Eh = Fax Bast ye S samy St" Square beth sides and Subst oe a xo -By y+ NS “ony xe” = (%)- Ge) YRC. ber X reat re a 3-40 , Rewrite eq. as = Yi ~SBY re fs tagey 1 -f(% 3.) -@.) , S3=4b JE, + K(0,-6)) =0 wt+ B vate = ate, = a gerot het 2 @ teat ge wn 8 . 6, = outer wheel vs EB ane Boe farajecot [8 AT 5 = 24 Rt ampl = (8-6) = ae -4 = (Ba) “Ey Rel te fixed ef Qs ea 6 f 6In “YO=n y+ Ggny* (E)e0 gw se fr Fs06se , write abore oy. Ue Ee a-astes =0 For accuracy expand I=(Z)* for(a) % = 1.010 xi S ca Hl jack ie oe @ : = tL rn cimeri Bm ra (ree 2.0008) = 0.0197 ag") 20,310 0.0197 2 — 0.3/0 0 +} ° 2s er wm ‘3.350 vi Lowat bray for Ihe aseracy = 3,35 x 475 315A ope For 24, shove plot indicates we must use B= 0. &) moosn At= onions) 22, AanET peratas = ZAS of 3-43 "7 5 z= Wey yi) al = 0,052{(£)'—1)} = ~0, 0488 om EEE sensitivity 26.080 pet welt om pn 00nd ems volts measured eee ae vets! Sd w= ane30 = 18849 Ms @ vel = 0250 = WH = 18H 4tG XK % =0.0013Z6 amt cw. ©) ampl= 0.40 om perk cannot be used since 0,40 cm exceeds clearance of 0.30 cm 62=45 sensi iWity = Ao mu/em pers. 1g accel = 9.81 ™Yst = 98) om/s* accel OY Ge) of eps we ATI = 628s Ms wlan oY. 2 HL 2 Se os. OY Bin ser ‘s Output volts = 40x 1S) = £245 ™N (by at 2000 cps = 1256 4g! = 281 = 0.07806 cm/s. oY = ise /s Out pat volts = 40% ,07%06 3.123 mv Sade Fir vel. pickup >> I zeyY Volts generated by instrament = WZ = wY SH4L Sensitivity = 30 me fem. pars Bmu = accuracy mt = 30 (wz) 1, WZ = 010 ome . . 96) £ bimitiny ad Wey 2 O10 = ree Pa ISEL ps = upper Frey, Limit At f2200 298) = 0,7¢07 AIX Ao hate. reading = 30x70) = 23.4% mv BoE 2 aso pF Qu oq Guile = 5x50 = 250 pre 2=Q. uw open ES = ZF = 0.080 wltify = 40% Ciruie With Cable 450 E= 40x 25.7 my 450+ 250 %, Cy3-49 We, @cax* _ sew U7 ERX? @ £25G = 52iem “ 227-25 (Em P= args 3-50 we et we sargQ £ . 282 3-51 oF tego 7 GOTSS) +258 but 25 = at resenance MEAD = at vesenance 3-52 ~ Ger) : -25h = Capea» 9° Cons Grae eo rte ate eQinns Gry 9° igen) ~ on Fraga G54) dasa 2) (250) = rata say” 205m) 0-24 @s ey *y 2 Gey, {[cqateeeay = (yt gam) =[ccmieeaa’) ~ | sera Gn] ' 4gA)~Displacement Displacement g-s2 ae 15 os 0s -1s! Time gos aed The. inital ce spl ade, ws Time 65gm oe Gear 5) tn 35 30 20 1s 10 be > B-su 35 30 25 20 15 10 08 a6 = sourooeydsiq, 02' 02! 30 20 1s eo 6 uoweoetdsig + 10) as Time 66ges} dic f | a Bs a ‘ 7 10) Time has a larger damping coeftrcent so 1h Clamps The Arst system out the transient Solution fashtr then Me Second problem—3=54 _ MX+CKEKX = Fin Yb + & sin) Solution of thrs efuation 1's writhen as XW=X.O+ HO , where , Xe) the solttin of the home pennus epuatron, ad x) ors the pacticuler sofubiot. Siace the Hltreabial equation it Ineor p= yO + HIV whery BD= % staligt - > — with Mek = toed bah = 23 ie) Fe [eT ESF ae The plots of Xek versus te ,¢2h2 are c Wn the some He one (# versus # in the bert XeO can be the cprtvcelly danped , overdamped or underdamped depeadigy on the Valve of 5. The solution to each of ‘these casts fs slven ia the text. 68l | Fle -Ps “ ‘ fra (eee) = C% 7 Be dbeed bagthct te . Hs en m(%ek) = Fe = E(x) ck, = kx he ky c m( Ea Re) EG) Bh ds x rm ee m= - ER Ke ; Cas mk Note: Cog nvaely peck bc! tc - with yy 6 te chshpot bearer aff. Th tyaadnn of metre més mk 2+ kas Rsnwt z : bury desipked by cele | | Ws hagda > Fowlay'dé Lk wth Ra OR cos (wb~4) ) OR | Ki te omplitede of rotor gives Whe Tee B= Tmt wx c 63-5¢ clear global m k a F w ‘Problem 3-5 (: Solution’ x0(1)=0;x0(2)=0;t0= m=input(Enter the value of the mass (kg) : ') input(‘Enter the value of the spring stiffness : ') asinput(‘Enter the value of the damping coefficient a : Fsinput(‘Enter the amplitude of the forcing ‘unction : ') ne=input(‘Enter the desired number of cycles: ') wiinput(‘Enter the lower bound of the forcing frequency w : ') put('Enter the upper bound of the forcing frequency w : ') iwsinput('Enter the desired increment of the forcing frequency w : ') ‘Wait ..., this might take some time’ 10=0;1=0; for om=w1 :iw: tfenc"2*pi/om 4;wf(I)=om;w=om; clear t x ampl 2 [t.x]=0de45('p350d',t0,tf,x0); mx=size(x);n=mx(1,1); sum=0;j=0; for if (x(+1,2)<0 1 x( 0) & x(i,2}>0 injets amppj)=X (1,1) (Ci 11)-xCi,1))/(Xx(i41 2) ((,2))(X(0,2))5 sum=sum+ampl(); end end avamp(I)=sum/j; end plot(wf,avamp);xlabel('Frequency w’);ylabel{'Amplitude average’) title(Problem 3-5¢ solution’) function xdot=p35éd(t,x) global mk a F w it x(2)>0 | x¢ xdot=[x(2); (1dn)*(-a"x(2)92-k"x(1)+F*sin(w't))} else xdot={x(2); (1/en)"(a"x(2)°2-k°x(1)+F*sin(w"t))]; end ”3-5¢ Cont. Problem 3-5( solution 4 | 12 ° & 5 Amplitude average © & 0.4] 925 02 04 06 08 1 12014 16° 18 2 Frequency w nB-5F "Problem 3-57 Solution’ clear x0=input('Enter the value of the initial position of the ball >0 : ') u0=input('Enter the value of the initial velocity of the ball : *) put(‘Enter the desired number of hits : ‘) weinput(‘Enter the value of the frequency of the table : ‘) ‘Wait...’ inc=(2*pi)/(300*w); 9=9.81; t0=0;t(1)=0;x(1)=x0;u(1)=uOsy(1)=0; ist for i=t:N while x(j)>yG) | xG)==y) 1; t(j)=t(j-1)+ine; x(j)=x0+u0"(t(j)-t0)-0.5"g"(t(j)-t0)"2; y@=sinw't()); u(j)=u0-9"(t())-t0); end JT) + Cy Gi 1) x51)" (1G) 1) (OK -¥ GD) T)-V TIDE (is 0+ U0"(t(j)-t0)-0.5%g* (t(j)-t0)42; (wt); vew"cos(w"t(j)); uneg(i)=u0-g"(t())-t0); uplus(i)=2*v-uneg(i);u())=uplusi subplot(2,1,2);plot(thit(i),uplus(i),’0');hold cn u0=uplus(i);t0=t(j);x0=x(j); end if u(k)0 amp=x(ke1)-u(k-1)"(x(k)-x(k-1))/(u(k)-utk-1)); sum=sum+amp; |=1+1; elseif u(k+1)<0 & u(k)}==0 & u(k-1)>0; sum=sum4x(k);l=I+1; end end “The average amplitude of the ball is’ sum/I subplot(2,1,1);plot(t,x); xlabel('t’);ylabel(‘ball_ position’) subplot(2,1,2);plot(t,u); xlabel('t);ylabel(‘bell_ velocity’) title’ The points o are the points immeciately after the hits) nRball position ball veloc i in fi ih isijno ize in N= 30 } 353B-s7 Fh Cone ‘Problem 3-57 Solution For The Frequency Spectrum’ clear jput(‘Enter the value of the initial position of the ball >0 : ') put('Enter the value of the initial velocity of the ball Neinput(Enter the desired number of hits : ') jput(‘Enter the lower bound of the table frequency w : ') iput(‘Enter the upper bound of the table frequency w : ') put('Enter the desired increment of the table frequency w : ') ‘Wait.... this might take a long time’ x00=x0;u00=u0; nw: for 1 siw:w2 nwenw+1;wf(nw)=w; clear tx uy inc=(2*pi)/(300°w); 9=9.81; x0=x00;u0=u00; (1) =0;x(1)=x0;u(1)=u0;y(1 for i=1:N while x(j)>y(j) | xU)==yG) iets t()=t(-1)+ine; x(j)=x0+u0* (t(j)-t0)-0.5*g* (t(j)-t012; y=sin(w*tG)); end tJ) =t(i-1)+ (y= 1)-x G19) (HG) AGT (O)-¥ DG 1)-¥ GT) thit(i)=t(i); x0+U0"(t(j)-t0)-0.57g*(t(j)-t0)A2; n(wet(j))s vew*cos(w’t(j)): uneg(i)=u0-g*(t(j)-t0); uplus( uneg(i);u(j)=uplus(i); uO=uplus(i);t0=t());x0=x(j); end if u(k)0 amp=x(k-1)-u(k-1)*(x(k)=x(k-1))/(u(k)-u(k-1)); sum=sum+amp; A; elseif u(k+1)0; "4BSR Coak sum=sumsx(k)il=1+1; end end avamp(nw)=sum/I; end plot(wi,avamp);xlabel("Table frequency w);ylabel(’Amplitude average’); title(Problem 3-57 Solution For The Frequency Spectrum’) Problem 3-57 Solution For The Frequency Spectrum 12; Amplitude average 0 05 1 15 2 25 Table frequency w B4-1 £4. (41-6) fe smpulsive Cespense en EP ant % ~ TF tat Be max response & 20 SIE uy Sah Pant + Fa OE xt ve Cam VTE ae = ant het O2/7=Fi ant Z| Tam @ = VES? from Prob 4) A 5 5 Sm os Yirgst a 7 fizge & & ¥ Eg 61-6) becomes Anan mie Le x Ya VED ony (= a Tans! OEE ) e Wess 5 425 From Ex 42-1 ed me ,- €i* Jee - ee Bon (put - 4) Tony = a Fir peam respease St af LC®) 20 {-3 en (Fant - 4) OF _——— Sao te ToT ent -%) = FER expan tom Front “Tne =e 7 + Toul Seuyt Tomy Vinge Rant ~ ee eee = x wt = = = Tanyrpt at = 0 Bat Fant [oS 76Besa gt = Ee inte By Bie pea Hh (By (FB eoce-y) a0 phe (EE )eoy sol 21+ ap (¢E) zee From £q.4.4- the response during the first Step Function Is Ea = (/~ Costigt ) At time t, the disphcement and Velocity are ( » = (1 ~ eapant,) (#), = Qa Sivwgt, which become the intial condi pons ter the second Phase, Since phe excitation 15 Zero during the time t>t,, the above equations are subshityied ints the general solution for the tree Vibration me) = ED sireayt + 2¢t,) Cazedat tot Ki) = F f secant, Sen tegt —(- coats) Conant | . ={- -Gnat + cnastnfy+Seatsieui lait + coon (et) b z > ”4-6 With zero initial cendifrans Eg, 42-1 GS for the particular integral , He equation é xe) =f Lib) Sines, (-S) dp A where £0) 15 the orbitary excitation Pree, The solution tor the homogeneous equation 15 found trom Fa, 2.276 KD) = io Sew,t + KO) Crs qt and the compkie Solution ts the Sum of these equatyons . é nts EY Smad, + (0) Coat + [Osnate 2 4-7 From Eq, 4.2—] , the response to aunt Step fanction 5 gt) = t h(t- 9) 4F DiMlerentiate both sides wrt, time ge) = Rey Be ARE £6 42-1 a= [Rene From Prob A-7? BUt-$)= & (t-5) t x(t) [Pages Laragrate by pats 4) = -hogen|* ff tog lt- = Re goo) © fog * [tose AF but gio) 0 1. mety= Forget) + ere yes o Res) = (oms4€) (0) _ tom XC0) mstaes TK 2 (ttfendx@ 5 __ ke Sasgeseus * Sugg seer a et a fete: ~ aR & TFet see Append. B, - og O" secghgaras = Kerivatibe oP above we a Buut SH poeut eat (O+$u, Xo) — > eyed { AOE spit + xi emrp at | qm Veet 4 Ge = UIE, Fle) = 20K) = 100 Zeourz= = 100 - 20S(t) CE wes — SE | Zo) = 12 20 FO* Se) — Seo € 204) = HES (s-enent) — 22 sedent 2(t) = 1G Suiat —teenent =0 Lor man = O Tamingt = 2 (s<¢ Fe) Zoe & te l- ke Wn ew. 10 me ol Tas On Varro pAse Ee sat Fy Sue = Bren ® = & snGt one GenSol, Ett) = ASME +Btowt + Fim EE 1.) ; — ig (Bee) Fr 100) = 8020, B= Oo ant AF ea 1~ (Gen) -2 with. + Eg he rs alt) =m + = fos font - gt sate | et, add same solution with t replaced by (t-t,) Aalh The triangular force can be represented sy Fs Br o Le é - z= zs [[$q+h lscacen ap % ° t B [80-2 28 Jmrotennes L, = on {& (-Z% Yi cout) -Sment 4 82Azle Differentiate 219 Prob. 4-18 Bltc-4 fy) Semant -on,coat | =o . _ ents Manet = AE out, a ° T= fi /mvs Yel ema _ = filme) abst into ey, for coent = Fame . eS erm ob (nf ft, % yf _ fo &) | ——— % York [i— Fermoan)* J Yeast Rot) abe 4) 36 | Ee ant, 2) 17+ elim)" eaGico y Ba tet ae re ee a a+ +z] [See] < «toute, mile Fat, ee mee dasa 1 aa awe eB 677 see u zack 7683 2.504 * lte08 eee mace 5 see 3527 4,406 6 eat ‘e7ss 61453 g .@e2e 7.0 G24 +9050 7.440 10 +050 40ST «9232 q.432 Bfe a =(£& a mee A-18 The cespense to the remp fanction oF Fie 44-2 18 given by Bty -3 45 & = Smart A cu =" mya FL i - Bet +L smelt a, Diterentiating this equation itt. and equating st to zero, te peak time tp 1 cbtained a5 La sant, Soeant, Since at, must be greeter than ©, we also obdern Sind. = -{$(1— count, ) Ces Wt, = amet . [RO- &s at) . Substituting these quants es into &(t), the peak amphiudé & hound , & = — (4)... a It ae Letting r= RL be the period of the escillator, the abowe equation s an eyt, = ‘2 (1 = <2 Met) plotted against */y as in Fie P4-182 £ shat = Bitton ee = % Rak response must occur at time >> t, af< és heea=Z ged a tet ah) : ee (4) (Zale + sc araG-1)] When ke £ above 27, 5 indeterminate = 2 vt diWarentiate rum. den, witha F divide (8) 2 Beers wtath ema ohn ar oF bog ee ot (@)., °F ems EL 20,0417 From Fie P4-21 (%) = 1.54 fey ne Baar he mut = 0417 (aR) = 6SbS Ge : & ~ Fm = 88 Ee Beno tes 2 bntor Fe Fe = 10 Yon = 54x H2 2 2,339" ” eases * 2.237 8AH Ditterentinte S4q, Feb 4na % = =e facet (£-es) ~ es EGE nna) en ane | =0 or 2 en bf 050) en 9b (H-) a en Ete 2° Which gives b, ©, EE Wh suggested subrt For Ang and Asad ~ n= Bf sigteng —enatang | = A sim (aut -4) Moc response occurs when (yt-$) = EF -4 z Kn eee Are TL fronmnsds) + fisrnnsery? 4-1 i Zep, ~khL.te% 2 7 & <4 mr ~ 2, and rewrite Eq.4.4-()4 for t< t, # : (3) a (sm pt -2snw,t] Dilerentiate dnd sez equal te zero for mox. (#) = pesph, — hay tsat = pl pt, eanen fo Use identity COS Pn ~ Cant =-2SimZ(pranty - Smt (p-wnJt=0 which Is satisfied when tps Oty = ar Therehe 2 C js hey “hs relare the time t, corresponding bo (AB) os t Ler om = Dobe mt Substituting into Be we have (SE), = eae [ee ) - * 50 SEZ) | 857-38 part tb) for t >t, Start with the First equation 44-©)6 he) = @) = where t is measured From t, - equate to zero fe Find £,, corresponding to XE) mace { (1+ caseact; Sinayt — Senso, t Comat } Differentiate and ne ( ye ates (rrcos ait) Cs 15 smc Sint} <0 re t= Caw @t, = (Lr erent) ; Strat, '(1remeyts) ny f= sinat, + (Ireomt,)"= YaGreaat,) L-snaty = FR = neo Sinw,ti “Se = LE eats = Seat = Soe crate? ZEEE Substitute inte First eq, For (82) el = iF P+ sind Ces af CSE = she fees) |. eel aes} ae Z tes Sats WP * eas ca ~~ = = Cosy Wat 2 eos Wak = fe et = a-E = =-/4, ty “(g Hy) °° 74-23 Cont ey. < [ante ptm \ (4), ~ a T+h Sm Ge) The List fern can be reduced as Fi/ous sete = She ATRIA) Soha — 2 Mth Tt eed = Sim2nT Co 42 — tant Sin AO Tre The = Snf2ee Te, we Replace 2% erm by Sem (EP = (ee | samme 7- Ae Tere Sen Aare where h (the ls Sin [at 7+ The above equation ss plthed at Fig 45-5 againt the horizontal scale try , Computed values appear below & . re 7 Eman! thy Baa * 770 yr 20 7B koa ae 2s 1083 ; 1.063 Eva om oe 1368 “ire -«0 ge 10 7.732 1s 1.500 88Given vel, = Y= % (Ue - th, ) Accel = = “4 [60 -4%,] = gH Subst into fae x = “2 [sa)- A Jena (tes o 2 From Ef.7-@) 2, = $ (00s) 100 = 0.1250 from (a) Z, = wo - 100.1250) Fiad 2, From Eq. (b) ee, Giternatély one boulcl Use Me butt in ORE Seleer 9 Meals Wihis is the code for problem 4-26 t0=0; 05; 001% (t,x]=0de23 ( ‘prob426' ,t0, t£,x0) ; plot (t,x) function xdot=prob426 (t,x) xdot=[100-100*X (2) :x(L)17 90at (' This is example 4.7-2 on page 113 in the text') clear; cig; J=0; T0; T(T)=0 (1) dt (I-1); ifI>2 if1<5 F (I) =500*de* (I-1); else if1<9 F(Z) =200-500*dt* (I-1); else F(I)=0; ed end 2X (I) =X (I-1) *0“2-K (T-2) 42*X(T-D) ; MAG (I) =24F (I) -16*pi*2*X (I) ¢ else F (I) =500*dt* (1-1); X (I) =dt°24F (I) / (3+8%pi 242) XGA (I) =24F (I) -16*pi2*K (1) ed ed Ae[’ J + TIME. * DISPL * 'ACCLRIN ‘ 'FORCE'] Be[J' T! X' Xda" Ft] plot (T,X) hold on plot (T,X, 'x") xlabel (Time, seconds") Ylabel (‘Diplacement X, m') hold off aBret See x H2-Z TH ‘ Fig Pa-us os fer gf 260 Se agplits for wnt or ante Mate, G2 10 For barge Gate +B a Bet eteyeter ( co ante myper bole. at wnt, = 170 Fick-a8 gives = 0,02 For small Wate ()* ho neo Ars mit Ce tke = Swot be evaluated From 1) With nero initial conditions, response may (or @) below wa Fo/m #6) * SS Gras Os) Sent. ne) =X, Ca pant +4 )— ESE Buu) ¢ = Sem FH tit Fy. G24) cy He) 2 ferent 2fer small camping SEATS At time to L y eels Sagt = zs Bre Sabet, ints Fy, above “4, f CO ' Sie (unt +90") - C0 wt } = Bf el-rfemat 2(1-67)( EF enat) where steady stete tel. £ trent) 66 4=33 Under harmonise force of Frey, @,, te steady State oscillation is & ilo) = £iE) = Za, emt xO" EE Kl) =O Transjent sol. 's Stigl , ae okt A) = XC See Ftant rh EF XE Soleg tod) . k Kor fo small Klos X, Se = Te #0) = 4, [2.009 “FSG ] EX ag = 0 Fi . _ & “ 4 fo’ and X= &. Then trans, sol. with above Initial cond. 7s AE St u(t) = Be” “enue At Sent = EF = 10 aye e! Bioet 500 Pub 4-32 84-34 % ( this is example 4.7-1 in the text') clear;clg; T(I)=dt*(I-1); ifI<6 F(I)=100; elseif I< 11; F (I) =-1000* ((I)-0.10) +100; else F(I)=0; ed dd (I) =0.25*F (I) -500*X (I) + ifI>1 X (T+) =24X (1) -X (1-1) 4b 2*xG() + else X(2)=X (1) sat*xd (1) +0.54d0-2*NdA 1); od ad J(I+1)=1+1; T(L+L) =dt*T; (gt * Time + * Diplacenent*] or x) plot (T,X, '0") hold on t1=0:0.02:0.1; ‘x1=0.05* (1-cos (22.36*t1)); plot (t1,x1) hold on 2: 0.02:0.2; 22=0.05* (1-008 (22.362) )- (0.5* (t2-0.1) -0.02236*sin(22.36* (t2-0.10))); plot (t2,x2) hold m t3=0.2:0.02:0.48; 38=0.05* (1-cos (22.363) )- (0.5* (t3-0.1) -0.02236*sim (22.36* (t3-0.10) ))+0.5* (t3-0 2)-0.02236*sin (22. 36* (t3-0.20)) 5 plot (t3,x3) xlabel('t, seconds’) ylabel (‘Diplacarent, m') hold offO.fRerental Eguatron Fer hase exes Fabien is ma +UK-¥) ENAYI=0 let be Any “ ; ds one zt Ww, +Wy 2 = g Where ~y iS giver by urd, Sinwt ~g UY Sinwt The sme Pulse termanates at we, = 77. the time increment h should be Chosen Smale Yan “Ye or RE, p whichever is Me Smallest. Te nial CondiWons are vI0) =X, (o)= 6 a eiOF AO Y, y (ol = Yow 2(0) =X, BOY =V, “Yo W 954-35 cont, The twe egua tras given from Me Tayler Series are i . w %=2% +h +h (F - wre, -27,% ) . 2 . (>) Tt, 2e7 Bh re CRS - wz A, -2su,%,) Since Ue initial ConciMens B® and F, are iven Eq (a) gives zy Eq (b) is Solved = For “2, which 1s . = ce) zt yrtates -w2z ) ht hisw, Thus @, and z, for the Finst mberval Can be Caleulated from e ys. (4) and @) Calulatiens Fr HB % % efe ave Now made with (Eq 47-2) and Ego) generaleccd ts index aS Fellow (d) Bq, = QR -Be, tH -u Pe; -asw,2) Le) ba By ee th (Fe - whee) an on TREATY” The pragram Struckwre es similar to Prob ler, 9-34 984736 use superposition of solution to each step Function 12 step of Fo results im x@y= (1-enert) athtep of tf at t= B adds ~ 26) cow. (t-E)} fe E'S aM4otep of +26, at t= 80 adds +AB(i- emen(t- a5) Sum results in amph tades thereacing Linearly 7Bins TERE Xoo KG RT + 1 vrer a = Ee OCR . * Th ib ore) 4-35 Exact value of & us “1240 Ve 1.2000 aw =3t 1 143310 . Marzee 1&0) = 3.0000 Calculation oF B by Limite diFlerence using a2 (%, -%,,) A= 010 xhn (14-3310 -.7290) = 3.010 v1 Borers 0) = = Of) 4-010 ae (1.1240 -.5720) = 3,04 — w Error ssod 2 2 ak = O¢K") 8Reker to Froh 4-37 Sut use FEM H,) 4 (ne-. 24,7) ea (10 - .7290) Error ago 229k = OK) he.t0 = & (no -.5120) = 2.44 Error = 80 = 28% = Ol8) c DE. 2k +2000% = Fit) Womat, = 2000 re Lo oot TE w= ~ = 22,56 /itsol. due te step Function (See Fe 4.7-4) ¥2 Elimenat) = I (1 enar.sct) we ost = 0/0 sel. due to ramp funetion of ovo (t-.10) at #10 DE kK + Svox = aso t’ where t’= t-.10 Lapl Trans es) = ASO 3°(5*+ 22,36") , ; , 250 [arse ft’ —Smarsce J 2 gage , . A s# to = 0aa3aeSn2r3et 94 -Aptont. 1 aad to first sol x, the second sol, which a = £ (f-Jo) - 02230 Su 42.34(€-./0) at ¢2=./0 Similarly Fhe Hhird sol. 1s same #5 Xe with (t-.20) 4-4/ DE te be solved 1s ¥o+ umn = 2 Ft) hee g=% , shen B= Pint) = UF) ~ ery toe |-~ ~ where Flt) = Follow Cale, precedure of Example 48-2 w.2 402 i256 = 20 w= 500 - Wy saggere R= 02 100u-Ul coat ¥this is the file f.m for problem 4-41 function [force] = £(t) if t<.2 Force=500*t; elseif t<.4 force=200-500*t; else force=0; ed ea problem 4-41 2 1s 1 = 05 Bg 0 5 os a “8 01 02~«03°2«O04 ~«=«0S:(G OT BN Tine 1014-43. ¥Ihis is the function for 4-42 function [force] = f(t) if te.2 force=50*t: elseif t<.4 force=10; elseif t<.8 force=25* (t~.8); else force=0; ea ed problem 4424 06 os oa 03 a Bo 2 a Lo 1 02 03 4 1 2 3 ¢ 5 6 Time 1024-yn conk Wthis is the function for 4-42b function [force] = f(t) ifta force=10*sin (pitt) ; else force-0; ad ed problem 4425 12 1 os| os = 4 Hi goo a ol 02 | 04r 06) 8p T 2 3 4 Time 1034-43 The stiffness of the crane boom is represented by 4, measured Sram the extended straight Line z F = &(e-g) -w G+ (RS)y = (Gla -¢ SAS G+ wtg = we -g eve BLT. 856) =5 yo) - §@ +a Ze) = aY- éZ js) = S40. + HO, SV Gg strat Strat © sHstet) 5(s*# 0") Inverse LT. Ht) = yoxmat + $2 smat a +¥ (wt Smut) -4 (-cowt) 1044-44 @this is the function for 4-44 function [force] = £(t) if t<.1 force=100; elseif t<.2 force=1000*t-200; else force =0; od ed pete 44 0.05, oot 003 E cod i a 0.01 0 201 ~ My 0S 1 LS Tine 10514s forcel z t Use pregram nu m a A =e 0.2, os ou 5 fool] | a 0 0.05 02 04 06 08 1 12 14 16 18 Time 1064-45- Coat FO) 0 005 01 O15 02° 025 03° 033 04 045 0. ' Sume mput 4S previcas Reria % response to force? 9§ | ous on os Displacement 0.05 0.15 ary 0.1 02 03 04 OS 0.6 07 08 09 1 Time 1074-457 Cont force3 100 70 50 Fo. response to force3 on 0.08} 0.06} 0.04; 0.02} Displacement 0.02, 0.04 0.06 0.08 01 Time 1084-1 clear glcbal mk a step r “Problem 4-46 Solution’ x0 (1)=0;x0 (2)=0;t0=0; m-input (‘Enter the value of the mass (kg) : ') ksinput (‘Enter the value of the spring stiffness : ') azinput (‘Enter the value of the damping coefficient a : ') choice=input (‘Enter your choice of the forcing function function step=1 and ramp-2 : *) Af choice==1 step=input (‘iter the value of the step function : ') tfsinput (‘Miter the value of the final time: ') [t,x] =ode45 (‘p449s" ,t0,tE,x0) plot (t,x(3,1)) ;xlabel (‘time') ;ylabel (‘position’) ;title(‘Problen 4-4 :Step function response") ed if choice=-2 r-input (‘Enter the slope of the ramp function : ') tfsinput (‘Riter the value of the final time : ') (t, x] =0e45 (‘p449r" ,t0, tf, x0) plot (t,x(:,1)) ;xlabel (‘time') ;ylabel |‘position') ;title(*Problem 4-4 :Rarp function response') ed function xdot=p449r (t,x) global mk ar if x(2)>0 | x2) xdot=[x(2) + (L/te)* (atx (2)72-Kex (1) 4b) J else xdot=[x(2) ; (1/ta) * (ax (2) °2-k*x (1) 4x4) ] ed function xdot=p449s (t,x) global mk a step if x(2)>0 | x(2)==0 xdot=[x(2) ; (Léa) * (~ax (2)*2-k*x(1) +8tep)] ; else dot =[x(2) ; (1/m) * (ax (2) °2-k*x (1) +8tep) }; ed 109