ESTABLI

SHMENT
OFAPETCLINIC
SUMITTEDTO:
CAPT.Dr.RAVIRAI
DURG
I
NTERNSHI PCOORDINATOR
VETERI
NARYCOLLEGESHI VAMOGGA

SUBMITTEDBY:
VAISHAKKR( VSK1553)
I
NTERNSHI PSTUDENT
VETERINARYCOLLEGE
SHIVAMOGGA
 ESTABLI
SHMENTOFPETCLI
NIC
Ai
m:
Theaim oftheproj
ectist
oestabli
sh“ESTABLISHMENTOFPETCLINIC”
tostr
engthentheservi
cedeli
ver
ymechanism soastoensur
ebet
ter
accessi
bil
it
yofservi
cesinthefi
eldofvet
eri
narymedi
cine.
Obj
ect
ives:
 Topr
ovi
decar
eandpr
otect
ionf
rom di
seases
 Topr
ovi
deanyadv
icet
hatacl
i
entmayhav
eaboutt
hei
rpet
 Topr
ovi
deaf
for
dabl
eful
lti
memedi
cal
ser
vicet
oal
lwhoar
einneed
 Toprovi
demor
ethanmedi
cal
hel
pforpet
ssuchast
agst
oysand
suppl
ies
 Topr
ovi
deemer
gencyandcr
it
ical
car
etot
hepetani
mal
sinneed
 Tot
reatani
mal
ssuf
fer
ingf
rom medi
cal
trauma.
 I
NTRODUCTI
ON
Par
t1.CLI
NICSDesi
gn

1.Mai
nConsi
der
ati
ons

Thedesi gnoft
hehospi
talisimport
antandmanyfactor
sshoul
dbe
consider
edtocr
eat
easuitabl
eenvir
onment.Someofthemainpoint
s
areli
stedbel
ow:
1)Space
Iseacharealargeenoughforthepurpose;
arethereenoughareastobe
abletoseparatethehospi
tali
ntoroomseachwi thit
sownf uncti
onand
toall
ow forcat sanddogst obehousedsepar at
ely?Isthereenough
spaceforstorageofsuppl
iesandequipments?

2)Env
ironment
alCondi
ti
ons
Anycl i
nicalareassuchast heani malwardsandsur geryshouldbe
maintai
nedatahi ghert
emperatur
ef orani
mal sundergoingsurgeryor
recov
eringf r
om GAandf orsi
ckpatient
sontreatment.Ther eshoul
dbe
adequateandappr opri
ateventi
l
ati
on,openwi ndowsanddoor sdonot
helptomai ntai
nanyheatandarealsoanescaper out
ef oryourpati
ent
s!

3)Funct
ion
Eachroom shouldbeadequatef oritsf unct
ion,theyshouldbel arge
enoughfort
hepur poseandhav esuf f
ici
entlight
ing,el
ectr
icalsockets
andbei nagoodl ocati
on. Ideall
ysur geryroomsonhi gherfloors
shoul
dbeav oidedifkennel/
holdingar easar edownstair
s. Animal s
shoul
dnotbewal ki
ngstai
rsbeforeoraftersurgery.

4)Lay
out
Thef l
oorpl anofthehospitalorcl
ini
cshouldbecar ef
ull
yconsider
edso
thatthereisaf lowthroughoftraf
ficsuchasf r
om consult
ingroom out
totreatmentar easandkennelsandf rom pr
epr oom t
osurgery.Having
towal kthroughsev er
alroomsorev engoout sidetogetfr
om onear ea
toanot herisnotideal
.Wher epossibl
ethefrontofthehospit
alshould
beforcl i
entareassuchasr ecepti
onandconsul ti
ngrooms,andtherear
bet
reat
mentar
east
hatar
emor
epr
ivat
eandsecur
e.

5)Saf
etyandSecur
it
y
SafetyandSecur ityarealsoaf actor
,safetyconsider
at i
onsinclude
havingenoughspacet omov ear
oundwithoutbandingi ntothi
ngsor
l
ow doorf r
ames,alsoleadlinesr
oom forradi
ographyandsecur it
yof
thepremi sesforthedrugsandequipmentbutalsotopr eventanimals
from escapingorbeingstol
en.

2.Desi
gnofCl
ientAr
eas
1)Recept
ion 2)
Wai
ti
ng
Ar
ea

3)
Consul
ti
ngRoom

4)Shop/
Ret
ailAr
ea
5)Fl
uidTher
apy
/OutPat
ientTr
eat
mentAr
ea

3.Cl
ini
calAr
eas–notf
orcl
ient
s

1)Phar
macy-Or
gani
zed,
Secur
e,Cont
rol
l
edTemper
atur
es,
Drugsaf
e,Fr
idge/f
reezer

2)
Labor
ator
y
3)Pr
epRoom

4)Sur
gicalAr
ea

5)
Radi
ogr
aphy
5)
Radi
ogr
aphy
6)DogKennel
s–f
orv
isi
ti
ngt
imeonl
y

7)Cat
Kenne
sl
–for
visi
ti
ngt
imeonl
y

Cl
ini
cSt
aff

1.Vet
eri
nar
ians

Veter
inar
iani
sar ecognizedprof
essi
onwi t
hr egul
ati
ngbodi
esthatset
codesofconductandst andar
dsforvet
eri
nari
anmedi ci
ner
egi
ster
edwith
them.
2.Vet
eri
nar
yNur
ses/Techni
cians

Veter
inarynursingisarecognizedprofessi
onwit
hregulat
ingbodi
esthat
setcodesofconductandst andar
dsf orvet
eri
nar
ynursesregi
ster
edwith
them.The r oles ofveter
inarynurse are 1)maximize vet
s’ti
me;2)
administ
rat
iveduties

Animpor tantr
oleoft hev eter
inarynurseistomoni toranest
hesiain
pati
entsundergoing diagnosti
ct est
ing and surger
y.Thisisv i
talto
ensuretheydonotr eceivetoomuchdr ugandt hatt
heirbodysystems
are coping wit
h boththe anesthesiai t
selfand also any pai
nful
procedurethatmaybeoccurr
inge.g.neuter
ing,dent
ist
ry.Manyt
ypesof
monitori
ng equipmentare avai
lable and provide usef
uladditi
onal
i
nformationaboutthepat
ientbutnothingcanbeatt heyeyesandears
ofav et
erinar
ynurse!

Surgicalnursing i
spartofav eteri
narynurse’
sdut i
esand i nvol
ves
preparati
onforsurger
ysuchandcl ippi
ngandcleani
ngt hesurgi
calarea
oft hepat i
entaswel lasl ayi
ng outt hetheatr
et o provi
deal lthe
necessaryi nstr
uments and consumabl eit
ems t he vetwi llneed.
Veterinar
ynursescanalso‘scr
ubin’ t
oassi
stwithsurgi
calprocedures.

3.Recept
ionSt
affandSuppor
tWor
ker
s

Themai
npur
poseofr
ecept
ionst
affandsuppor
twor
ker
sar
e:
– Sat
isf
ycl
i
ent
s

– Gr
owhospi
tal
’
spr
act
ice

– Repeatcust
omer
s
– Wor
dof
mout
hadver
ti
sing

Recommendat
ion:
setup24houremer
gencyser
vice.

Recor
dKeepi
ng

1.Pat
ientRecor
ds

– I
mportantforconsi
stencyofcare
– Kn owingyourcli
ent
s&t heirpetcangrowyourbusi
ness
– Ma il our or emailv acci
ne reminder
s, de-
worming t
reat
ment
r
eminders,el
derl
ypetcheckups
2.ConsentForms

– Mostcountr
iestheyar
ealegalrequi
rement
– Pr
otectthecli
nic
– I
nfor
mt heownerofanypotent
ialri
sks
–
3.PETHEALTHFORM :
4.Cl
ientHandout
s
– I
nformative
– Promoteani mal wel f
are
– Promoteser vi
cesoft heclinic
– Goodforbusi ness
– Can use t or einforce v erbali nstr
uctions such as postsur
ger
y
handouts
– Contentsofclienthandout scaninclude:
• Wa rnofther iskfrom i nfecti
ousdiseases
• S kindiseases/ parasites
• Ch eapt opical f
leatreat mentsandt hei
rdanger
s
• Pr omot eneut eri
ng
• He althydiet
• De ntalcare
4.Hospi
talManagement

1.I
nPat
ientCar
e

Animal shav ebasicneedst hatneedt obemet ,especi

all
yduringati
me
ofr ecov eryfrom il
l
nessori njury
.Aspatientsareinourcare,
weneedt o
prov i
de t hese t
hings f ort hem as t hey are unabl
et o do so for
themsel ves.Basicpat i
entneedsi nhospitalar
elist
edbelow:
– F ood
– Wa ter
– S helter
– Wa rmt h
– Co mf ort
– Op por tunityt
ot oi
let/exercise
– Me ntal sti
mulati
on
Theseneedswi l
ldependon:pat i
entcondit
ionandspeciesthatar
ebeing
treated.
1)Food

a) Nut
ri
ti
ous,
avai
l
abl
etot
hedi
gest
ivesy
stem
b) Hi
ghnut
ri
ti
onal
val
ueandeasi
l
ydi
gest
ibl
e
c) Appr
opr
iat
efood
d) Dependonl
i
fest
age
– I
tisi
mpor
tantt
osel
ectt
heappr
opr
iat
ety
peoff
ooddependi
ng
 on the pat i
ent’
sl i
fest
age,e. g.y oung/old,specific disease
condition.Renalf ail
urepatientneedsl owsal t
/l
owpr oteinfood.
Postoper at i
vepati
entneedshi ghlydigestible&palatablefood.
e) Ha ndfeedi ng
– Ha ndf eedi ngmayber equiredi ft hepat i
entisinappetantor
anorexi c.
f) Wa rming/ variety
– Of feringwar medandv ari
ousf oodswi llhelppromot eappet i
te
andeat ing.
g) Tubef eedi ng:
– T ubef eedi ngmightbenecessar yinpat i
entswhoar eanor exi
c
orhav easpeci fi
creasont hatt hef ul
lGI Ti snotav ail
ablefor
feedinge. g.nasogastri
ct ubesi npat ientswi thburnst ot hei
r
mout hsf rom chemicali
ngest ion, orPEGt ubesforpatientswith
arupt uredesophagus.
2)Wat er

a) Fr
eshdai
l
y,r
efi
l
ledasr
equi
red
– Waterisv i
taltol i
feandassuchwemustpr ovideittoeach
pati
ent.Somepat i
entsmaynotseem i nter
estedindr i
nki
ngor
havetroubl
edr inkingbyt hemselv
esbutwest i
llneedt ogive
them t
hechoi cetodr inkasandwhent heywantt oast hi
sisa
posi
tiv
ewel far
eoppor tuni
ty.
b) Cleanwaterbowl
c) Me asur
edamounti nsomecases
d) Somecasese. g.dehy dratedpati
entsorcat
swithabl ockedbladder
should havet heir wat er i
ntake measured to allow accurate
assessmentoft hei
r“insandout s”
.
3)Shelter

a)Saf e,enclosed,appropriateenv i
ronment
Allhospi tali
zed pat i
ent s shoul d be pr ovi
ded wit
h an appr opri
ate
envir
onmenti nwhi cht oheal .I nmosti nstancesthi
swil
lbeakennel ,
howev erbi r
dsshoul dbepr ovi
dedwi t
hansui tabl
ecageandr eptil
esa
vi
varium.
Largeenought omov e
– T hekennelshoul dbel argeenoughf orthepati
entt
ostretchout
full
ymov earoundi n,providi
nganot herel
ementofposi
ti
vewel fare.
 c) Nor
est
rai
nts
– Ther e should be no need t orestrain pat i
ent’
s withi
nt hei
r
env i
ronmentbyt y
ingt hem upwi t
hl eadsorr opes,butthey
shoul dhavetheabi li
tytomov east heywi shwithintheconfi
nes
oftheirenclosure.
d) Ext
rasecur i
ty
– Someani mals,especiallycatsshouldbegi venadv ancedlevel
s
ofemot i
onalsecurit
ybyof fer
ingplacesf orthem tohide(doesn’
t
needt obef ancyorexpensi v
e-acar dboardboxi ssui
tabl
e)or
cov eri
ngupt heirkennelwi thabl ankett or educenoiseandor
visualsti
mul i
whi chmi ghtbefri
ghteningt othem.

4)War
mth

a)
Cor
rectt
empf
orcondi
ti
on/
speci
es/
age
– Provi
dingadequateheatforpati
ent
sinhospit
alisessenti
alt o
thei
rwellbei
ngandrecov
ery.I
tisimpor
tantt
oensurethecorrect
temperatureisprovi
ded f
oreach pati
entdependi
ng on their
condit
ion,speci
esand

age–v er
yyoungandveryoldpat
ientsneedahighertemperat
ure
due tothei
rinabi
li
tytot hermoregul
ate as do pati
ent
s with
probl
emssuchasburns.
Ambi
enttemper
atur
e/l
ocali
sedheatsource
– Ambienttemperatur
esshouldbecomfor
tabl
ewiththepr
ovi
sion
ofalocal
isedheatsour
ceifaddi
ti
onal
heatisr
equir
ed.
c) Saf
ety–burns/el
ectr
ocuti
on

– Safetymustbe ensur e.e.

g.cov eri
ng up hotwaterbot t
les,
ensuringheatlampsatasafedistancefrom pat
ient
setc.Also
anycabl estoheatmat sorheatersmustbesaf e(nofrayed
cables)andcablespl
acedwher
etheycannotbechewed.
d) Recumbentpat i
ents

– Thisis especial
l
yimport
antinrecumbentpati
ent
s who are
unabl
etomov eawayf
rom al
ocal
i
zedheatsour
ceift
heyar
et oo
 hot
.
e) Dr
aughtf
ree

– The kennelarea shoul

d be dr
aught f
ree t
o ensur
ethe
temper
aturer
emainsstabl
eanditisnotwast
efuli
nter
msof
money.
5)Comf
ort

a)
Prov
idecomf
ort
abl
e,appr
opr
iat
ebeddi
ng
– It
’seasiernow t ounderstandwhypr ovi
dingwar m,dry,padded
beddingi si
mpor tanttopromotewel lbei
ngandheal i
ng.Bedding
should preferent
iall
ybepr ov i
ded byt hehospitalratherthan
askingowner st obringbeddinginaswhatt heyprovi
demaybe
dir
tyorcont aminatedleadingt othepossi bil
it
yofspr eadof
i
nfectionswi t
hinthepracti
ce.
Checkr egularl
yforsoili
ng
– Anabsor bentandadr ai
ninglay ershouldbepr ovided– t he
draini
ngl ayere.g.vetbedont opt oallow andliqui
dst opass
throughand awayf r
om t hepat ient,theabsor bentlayere.g.
inconti
nencepadsornewspaperunder neathto soakup any
li
quidspr i
ort ochanging.Beddi ngshoul dbecheckedr egul
ar l
y
forsoi l
ing ofur i
ne,faeces,vomi t
,butal so waterspill
age–
patientshouldbekeptdr ytoprev entanyskinscaldinge.g.ur
ine.
Impor t
anttoensur ethereisenoughbeddi ng,dependantont he
conditi
on, especi al
ly ifr ecumbent , as this will prevent
nosocomi alinj
uriese.
g.decubitusul cer
s.
c) Gr
oomi ng

–Groomingi sanimportantpar
tofpat i
entwelfareasitmakest hem
rel
axandf eelmorecomf ortableinnew sur r
oundings.Ithelps
bondy out oyourpat i
entandi sv eryimpor t
antinpat i
entswho
cannotgroom themselvese.g.catswi t
haf ractur
edpelvisasthey
willf
eeluncomf or
tableandstressedi ftheyarenotabl etoclean
themselves.
d) Cal
ming/rel
axing

e) Decr
easesst
ress
 f
) I
mpr
over
elat
ionshi
pwi
thpat
ient
s

6)Oppor
tuni
tyt
oToi
let
/Exer
cise

a) Dependsonspeci
es:

–Dogs -mul tipl

e oppor tunit
ies outside/inr un:Dogs r equire
mul t
ipleoppor tuniest owal kandt oil
etthroughoutt heday–
eitherout sideori nar un.Somehav eapr ef
erenceast owher eto
toilete.g.concr eteorgr asswhi l
eot hershav eacommandt hey
aret rainedt ouse.Cl i
enti nvolvementi simportantt oknowwhat
thepat i
entr espondst o.
– Ca ts-l i
tt
ert ray s/pr i
vacy :Cat sdonotneedt obewal kedbut
shoul dbepr ov i
dedwi thal i
ttertr
ayandsomepr eferpr i
vacye.g.
hidingt hel i
ttert rayi nabox,put ti
ngat owelorbl anketov erthe
kenneldoorort ur ningt hel i
ghtof fwhennoti nt her oom.Many
cat s maynotbe l it
tert rained so ot hersubst ances can be
prov idedint hel ittertraye. g.newspaperorear t
hbutsomemay
justur inatei nthekenneldi rectly
.Thi sisoneoft her easonwhy
checki ngbeddi ngr egularlyissoimpor tant.
b) Dependsoncondi t
ion

– Somet i
mest hecondi tionoft hepati
entwillr
equi r
especi fi
ccare
e.g.pati
entswhoar eweakmayr equir
eassistedwal ki
ngwi t
ha
sli
ng wher eas those who ar erecumbentmay benef i
tf r
om
urinar
ycatheterisati
on.Pat i
entswhoar eonhi ghl evelsoffl
uid
therapywi l
lrequirei ncreasedoppor t
unit
iest ot oil
etwher eas
otherswithcondi t
ionst hatmakewalkingdiff
iculte.g.respi
rat
ory
orcardiacdiseaseshoul dbetakenoutlessoften.

7)Ment
alSt
imul
ati
on

Mentalst i
mulati
oncanr educestr
essandanxi etyinpati
entswhoar e
awayf rom homeand r eli
eveboredom inl ongt erm pat
ient
s.Ment al
sti
mulation i
sr ecommended t o be prov
ided i n a numberofway s.
Spendingqualit
ytimewithy ourpat
ient
swillwor kwondersbycementing
yourrelati
onshi
p,allow forgroomingandr eassurancefr
om you.This
meanst imesoutwithwheny ouar
econductingpr ocedur
esasyourfocus
shoul
dbeont hepatient
swel lbeing.Appropriat
etoy sforspeciesand
condi
tioncanbeof f
eredwhichal l
ow f orpl
ayandenr i
chment.Musicor
radi
ocanbeagoodwayofhav ingt hepatientsfeelengagedwi thout
havi
ngt ospendal otoftimewi tht hem al
thought hisshoul
dnotbea
substi
tut
eforspendi
ngqualit
ytimewi t
hpati
ents,mor eofanadjuncttoit
.

2.Cl
eani
ng&Hy
giene

1)TheI
mpor
tanceofCl
eani
ng

a) Gener
alcl
eanl
i
nessoft
hear
ea

– Acleanandorgani
sedareahelpsmakeourj
obeasi
erast
hings
ar
ewher et
heyshouldbeandreadyt
ouse.
b) St
opsspreadofi
nfect
ion

– Havingacl eanenvi
ronmentandequi pmenthelpsst
opcross
i
nfecti
onbet weenpatient
s,thr
oughf omitessuchasbedding,
bowls,br
ushesetc.
c) Reducessoili
ngofpati
ents/wounds/bandages

– Itreduces the chance ofi nfect

ion f
rom the pati
ent
’s own
envi
ronmentalso,bycleaningupanyur ine,f
aeces,v
omitetc.i
n
the kennelquickl
y ensuri
ng t her
ei s no soi
li
ng ofwounds,
bandagesetc.
2)Cl
eaningofIsolat
ionArea/Quarantine

Thisi sv i
taltost opthespreadofinf
ecti
ousagent
stoot herpati
ents
wi t
hiny ourcli
nic.Remembery ouar
elikel
ytohavepat
ient
si nhospit
al
thathav eloweredi mmunesy st
emsthannormal,soaremuchmor e
suscept i
bletodisease.
a) Separatef
rom restofcl
i
nic

b) Speci
fi
cst
aff

– Thisar
eashouldbecov
eredbydi
ff
erentst
afff
rom t
heregul
ar
cl
ini
cifpossi
ble,t
omai
ntai
nabar
ri
ertoinf
ecti
on.I
fthi
sisnot
 possi
ble,t
hesepat
ient
sshoul
dbebar
ri
ernur
sedanddonel
ast
.
c) Equipmentjustf
orthi
sarea

– Thereshoul
dalsobeequipmentandsuppl i
esspecif
ictothis
areathatdo notgooutinto gener
alcir
cul
ationinthemai n
hospi
tal
.Thi
sincl
udesi
temssuchasst et
hoscope,t
hermometer
and husbandryitems such as bedding, bowl
s, cl
eani
ng
equi
pmentetc.

d) St
rongerdi
sinf
ect
ant
sused

– I
n quarant
ine ther
e i
s oft
en a different
,more powerf
ul
di
sinf
ect
antused,toki
l
lthevi
rul
entbacteri
aandv
irsusest
hat
maybepresent
.

3)Per
sonalHy
giene

a) I
mpor
tanceofhandwashi
ng

– “Hand washing ist he single mosti mportantproceduref or

prevent
ingnosocomi ali
nfectionsashandshav ebeenshownt o
beani mport
antrouteofinfection.
”
– Ha ndsshoul
dbewashedbet weendeal i
ngwitheachpatient,
and
attheendofhandl i
ngpatients.
b) We argloves-Gl ovesshouldbewor nforchangingbandagesand
tr
eatinganyopent owoundst oensur eyoudonotpassany thingon
toyourpatient
s–t hisi
sf orpati
ent sprot
ecti
on,notforst
affs.

c) Remov
eexcr
etaqui
ckl
y

– Makesur eanyur i
ne,facesorv omiti
scleanedupquickl
y.As
wellasensuri
nginfecti
oncontr
ol,t
hisprov
idesamorepleasant
envir
onmentforyourpat i
ent
stobehousedi nandthi
sbenef i
ts
thei
rwelf
aredramatical
ly.
d) Removeuneatenfoodstuffs
 – Any i
nappet antpatient
s shoul
d be offered f
ood atr egular
i
nter
val
s,buthav eitclearedawayiftheyarenoteating.Having
ol
dfoodl yingaroundgoi ngoff
/star
ti
ngt osmell(especial
lyin
hotweather)orattracti
ngf l
i
esisbadpr acti
ceandunpl easant
andcoul
dl eadtodigesti
veupsets.

4)Appr
opr
iat
eCl
eani
ngPr
oduct
s

a) Det
ergent
s–soappr
oduct
s

– Deter
gentsar esoap based product swhi ch r
emov edi r
tand
gri
mebutdonotdest roymicr
o-or gani
smssuchasbact eri
aand
vir
uses,although t
hemechani calact i
on ofcleaning and the
deter
gentmayr emovesomeoft hem from theareasot heload
mayber educed.Examplesoft heseincludewashi ngupl i
quid
andwashi ngpowder.
b) Di
sinf
ectant
s

– Disinfect ant
s DO dest
roy micr
o-organi
sms but not always
bact eri
alspor esi
ntheenvi
ronment.Examplesoftheseincl
ude
TH4,Vi rkon.TheyMUStbeusedaccor di
ngt omanuf act
urer
s
instructionsusingthecor
rectdi
luti
onandcont acttimet obe
effective.
c) Ant
isept i
cs

– Antisepti
csar epr oductsthatr emovemi cro-organismsf r
om the
ski
nr at
hert hanf rom theenv i
ronment.Theyof tencont ai
na
soap or det ergent as wel las an ant isepti
c so can be
mul t
ipurpose,allowingremov al ofdi
rtandor ganicmat t
eraswell
asmi cro-or
gani sms.Thei rmainpur poseisasaski npreparat
ion
agent f or pat ients under going sur gery or i nt
ravenous
catheteri
sati
on and f orhand cl eaning ofst aff
.Exampl es of
anti
septicsincludechl or
hexidineandpov idineiodine.

5)Maki
ngt
heCor
rectChoi
ceofCl
eani
ngPr
oduct
s

Tochooset
hecor
rectcl
eani
ngpr
oduct
s,t
hemaj
orf
act
orst
oconsi
der
ar
eli
stedbel ow:
– E ffectiv
eagainstparti
cul
arorgani
sms
– E ffectiv
eagainstar angeoforgani
sms
– An yt oxic/
irr
it
anteff
ects
– Pr esenceofor gani
c/inor
gani
cmat eri
al
– S mel l
– Co st
– Co nt actti
me
– E aseofuse
6）Protocolf orEff
ectiv
eCleaning

7)Saf
ety

Saf
etyofpat i
entsandst affwhenusi ngchemi cal
si spar amountand
mustbetakeni ntoconsi derati
on.
a) Al
way swearpr ot
ectiveclot
hing
– Staffshoul dalway swearsuitablepr ot ect
iveclot
hi ngappropri
ate
tot heproductbei ngused.Somer equi remor et hanot her
se.g.
gloves,apr on,goggles,mask.
b) Pr
ior
iti
sepat ientsafety
– Pa t
ientsaf etyshoul dbeani mportantconsi deration–t oxicor
ir
rit
antpr oductsshoul dbeav oided.
c) St
orepr oductsaccor dingtomanuf actur ersinstr
uctions
– Allpr oduct s should be stored saf ely and accor ding t
ot he
 manufact
urer
si nstr
ucti
ons.Oncedil
uted,
somepr
oductscanbe
st
oredandusedf oracer t
ainperi
odoft i
me,butshouldbe
di
sposedofafterthisper
iodhaspassed.

8)Gener
alCl
eanl
iness/
Organi
zat
ion

Togi veagoodi mpr essiont oy ourcli

entsandt omakey ourworkfl
ow
moreeasi l
yther earesev eralthi
ngsyoucando:
a) R educecl ut
ter
– R emov eclutterandensur eyouhav eenoughst oragespacefor
yourequi pmentand consumabl es – t hi
s wi l
lensur eyour
pr acti
cei seasyt ocleanandl ooksneatandt i
dy .
b) Cl eani ngsy stem –dai ly/weekl
y/mont hl
y
– Wo rkoutacl eaningsy stem toensur ecleaningofal lar
easis
done r egularly.Some ar eas wi l
lneed t o be cleaned more
regular l
ythanot hers.
c)Char ts
– Us eofchar tst or ecordwhatneedsdoneandwhenandt o
ensur ei thas been car ri
ed outi sv ery usefuland helps
or ganisati
onanddel egati
onoft hesejobs.
9）Cl eani ngofEqui pment s

Bothmedi calandhusbandryequipmentsneedtobecl ean.Thi

sisan
import
antpar tofmaint
aini
ngeffecti
vehospi
talhygi
eneandshouldbe
doneaftereachuse.
Thecommonf omit
esareli
stedbel
ow: Foodbowl
s/ut
ensil
s
Groomingbrushes

3.Equi
pmentCar
e&Mai
ntenance

1)ReasonsofEqui
pmentCar
e&Mai
ntenance

a) Reducer
iskofcr
ossi
nfect
ion
– Equi
pmentmustbecleanedpr
oper
lyaf
tert
ouset
oensur
eiti
s
 readyf ort henextpat i
entasi tmaybeanemer gency .Proper
cleani ngensur est herei snor iskofcr ossi nfect i
onbet ween
pat i
ent s.
b) cl
ipperr ash
– Cl ipperr ashi sacommonpr oblem t hatmaybecausedduet o
impr opercl eani ngoft hebl adesaswel lasot hert hi
ngs.I tis
somet hingt hati spai nf ulfort hepat ientandeasi lyav oided.
c) Wo rksaf elytopr ot ecty ourpat i
ent s
– E qui pmentshoul dwor kpr oper lyt oensur et hesaf etyofy our
pat i
ent s.Itiseasyt odamageski nwi thbr okent eethoncl ipper
blades whi ch can l ead t o pai nful wounds and pat i
ent
inter ferencewi tht hear ea maki ng t hingswor se.Al so,many
piecesofequi pmentar eel ect ri
calandt huscancausef ir
esor
elect rocut ionift hewi reset c.ar enoti ngoodwor kingcondi t
ion
andsaf e.Equi pmentshoul dbecheckedr egular l
ybyan
elect r
iciant oensur eitissaf et ousef orbot hy ouandy ourpatient
.
d) Wo rkef fect i
v el
y
– E qui pmentt hatwor ksef fect i
velyi sr equi red asi thel pst he
sur geoni nmanyway s.I
ft hi ngsar ewor kingwel litmeanst he
pr ocedur ecanbedonei nt heshor testpossi bletime.Thi smeans
either l ess phy sicalr est raint dur i
ng pr ocedur es such as
intr avenous cat het eri
sat i
on,orl ess anaest het i
ct ime dur ing
sur geriese. g.ifcl ipperbl adesar eshar p,t hepr epar ationoft he
pat i
entcanhappenmor equi ckly,ori fsur gicali nstrument sar e
shar pandwel lcar edf ore. g.sci ssor s,thesur geonsj obi seasier
andqui cker .
e) Lastl onger
– I fequi pmenti spr oper lycar edf or ,itwilllastl onger ,meani ngit
hast ober epl acedl essf requent l
y.Thi si seconomi calgood
newsasv eteri
nar yequi pmenti susual lyexpensi ve.

2)St
andardOper at
ingProcedures–SOPs
a) Essent
ialf
orcorrectuse,
careandmaintenance
– T heuseofst andardoperat
ingprocedureswit
hinthepracti
ce
sett
ingmakei teasyforallstaf
ftoknow exact
lyhow t
ocl ean,
 mai ntainanduseapi eceofequipmentcorrectl
y.
b) Wo r
thwhi le
– S ettingupSOPscanbeal i
tt
leti
meconsumi ng,butarewor th
theef forttoknowt hatallst
aff
saredoingthingscorrect
ly.
c) Goodasar eminder
– I ftheequi pmentisnotusedr egul
arl
y,thereisawr i
tt
engui de
thatst affcancheckeasi l
yonitsuseandcar e.
d) Reducesdamage
– Us i
ngSOPsr educest hechanceofdamagi ngexpensivepieces
ofequi pment .

3)SpecificEqui pmentCar e&Mai nt enance

a) An aesthet i
cmachi ne
– Ci rcuitscleanedatt heendofeachday
– Ma chinet akenapar tandcl eaneddai l
y
– L eakt estingofci rcuits
– S odal imechangedr egular
ly
– Va pourisersshoul dbecal i
br atedr egular
ly
b) Bloodanal yser
– Da i
lycleani ng–bl ood/ cont ami nation
– R uncont rols–dai ly/weekly /mont hl y
– Co rr
ectst orageofconsumabl es
c) Micr oscope
– Co rr
ectcl eaning,especi all
ywhenusi ngoi
l
– Cl eaningofl enses
– B ulbr eplacement
d) X-Ray
– I mpor tantsaf etyrulesforst af f&pat i
ent
s
– R adiat i
onpr ot
ectionsuper v isor
– Mo nitorst affexposur etor adiat i
on
– De creasehaz ardsofi onisi
ngr adiation
FLOORPLAN
PROJECTCOSTSUMMARY
Descr
ipt
ion Det
ail
s

I
nter
nal
Rat
eofRet
urn(
IRR) 28%

Pay
backPer
iod(
yrs) 3.
64

NetPr
esentVal
ue(
NPV) 1,
844,
609

Pr
ojectFi
nanci
ng

Descr
ipt
ion Det
ail
s

Tot
alEqui
ty(
10%) Rs.184,
636

BankLoan(
90%) Rs.1,
661,
720

Mar
kupt
otheBor
rower(
%age/
annum) 8%

Tenur
eoft
heLoan(
Year
s) 7

Pr
ojectCost

Capi
talI
nvest
ment (
Rs.
)

Machi
ner
y&equi
pment 695,
000

Fur
nit
ure&f
ixt
ures 258,
500

Of
fi
cev
ehi
cles 20,
000

Of
fi
ceequi
pment 73,
600

Pr
e-oper
ati
ngcost
s 251,
965

Tr
aini
ngcost
s 50,
000

Tot
alCapi
talCost
s 1,
449,
065

Wor
kingCapi
tal (
Rs.
)

Rawmat
eri
ali
nvent
ory 64,
119

Upf
rontbui
l
dingr
ent 180,
000

Upf
ronti
nsur
ancepay
ment 6,
000

Cash 147,
172

Tot
alWor
kingCapi
tal 397,
290

Tot
alPr
ojectCost 1,
846,
355
 SpaceRequi
rement

Thear eahasbeencal culatedonthebasisofspacer equir

ementf or
management of fi
ce, pharmacy, animal shed, operati
on t heat
re,
l
aboratory,Vet
eri
naryDoct or’
soff
ice,Vet.Assi
stant’
sr oom,ki t
chen,
washrooms,waiti
ngar eaandsomeopenar ea.Foll
owingt ableshows
cal
culati
onsforpr
ojectspacerequi
rement.

Bui
ldi
ng&Ci
vi
lwor
ks SpaceRequi
redi
nSq.f
t

Ani
mal
Sheds/Ani
mal
Hol
dingAr
ea 500

Oper
ati
onTheat
er 500

ManagementOf
fi
ce 400

Phar
macy 120

Vet
.Doct
orsOf
fi
ce 240

Vet
eri
nar
yAssi
stant
s'Room 100

Labor
ator
y 350

Ki
tchen/
laundr
y 80

WashRooms 108

Wai
ti
ngRoom/
Recept
ion 100

Openar
ea 500

Tot
alSpaceRequi
red 2,
998

The veteri
nar
ycli
nici
s assumed to be est
abl
i
shed atrented
proper
ty.Themont
hlyr
enti
sesti
matedtobeRs.30,000permonth.
Machi
ner
yandEqui
pment

I
tems No.of Cost(
Rs.
) Tot
al(
Rs.
)
It
ems

Doct
ors'
Room Tabl
es 1 15,
000 15,
000

Doct
ors'
Room Chai
rs 1 3,
500 3,
500

Vi
sit
ors'
Chai
rs 3 2,
500 7,
500

Vet
eri
nar
yAssi
stant
s'Room Tabl
es 1 10,
000 10,
000

Vet
eri
nar
yAssi
stant
s'Room Chai
rs 1 2,
000 2,
000

Vi
sit
ors'
Chai
rs 2 2,
500 5,
000

Phar
macyTabl
e 1 10,
000 10,
000

Phar
macyChai
r 1 2,
000 2,
000

Labor
ator
yTabl
e 1 10,
000 10,
000

Labor
ator
yChai
rs 2 2,
000 4,
000

Oper
ati
onTheat
re-St
eel
Tabl
e 2 20,
000 40,
000

Comput
erTabl
es 1 10,
000 10,
000

Comput
erChai
rs 1 2,
000 2,
000

Recept
ionTabl
e 1 7,
500 7,
500

Benchf
orv
isi
tor
s 4 5,
000 20,
000

Tot
al 178,
500
Of
fi
ceEqui
pment

Thesecostsar
erequi
redt
ocarr
yontheacti
vi
ti
esatvet
eri
nary
cl
ini
c.Foll
owi
ngoffi
ceequi
pmenti
srequi
red.Tabl
e7:Office
Equipment
I
tems No.ofI
tems Uni
tCost(
Rs.
) Tot
al(
Rs.
)

Comput
ers 1 45,
000 45,
000

Pr
int
er 1 15,
000 15,
000

FaxMachi
ne 1 10,
000 10,
000

Tel
ephoneSet
s 3 1,
200 3,
600

Ai
rCondi
ti
oner
s 1 55,
000 55,
000

El
ect
ri
cInst
all
ati
ons 25,
000

Tot
al 153,
600
Of
fi
ceVehi
clesr
equi
redf
ort
hepr
ojectar
easf
oll
ows:
Tabl
e8:Of
fi
ceVehi
cle
Number Cost Amount(
Rs.
)

Mot
orbi
ke(
100cc) 2 60,
000 120,
000

Tot
al 120,
000

Theproposedproj
ectwil
lbeusi
ngTwoMot orcy
clescost
ingRs.
60,
000/-eacht
ocovertheout
doorcases.
RawMat
eri
alRequi
rement
s

I
tisassumedt hat25% oftherevenueswoul
dbespentonthe
pur
chaseofst
ockofv et
eri
narymedici
nesandt
hesal
esmar
ginon
medici
nesi
s15%.

HumanResour
ceRequi
rement

Tabl
e9:HumanResourceRqui
rement
Descr
ipt
ion Numberof PerMonth AnnualSal
ary
Empl
oyees (Rs.)
Salar
y(Rs.
)

Admi
n.&Account
sOf
fi
cer 1 15,
000 180,
000

Vet
eri
nar
yDoct
ors 1 30,
000 360,
000

Vet
eri
nar
yAssi
stant
s 1 10,
000
120,
000

Labt
echni
cians 1 10,
000 120,
000

Recept
ioni
st/Oper
ator 1 9,
000 108,
000

Secur
it
yGuar
d,Gat
eKeeper
s 1 9,
000 108,
000

Of
fi
ceBoycum sweeper 1 9,
000
108,
000

Tot
al 7 1,
104,
000
 Tabl
e10:Rev
enueGener
ati
on
Expect
ed
Fee
No.of i
n Revenuein
Par
ti
cul
ars
pat
ient
s/ Year1
Rs.
y
ear

CANI
NE(
dogs)

Sof
tTi
ssueSur
ger
yMi
nor 110 300 33,
000

Sof
tTi
ssueSur
ger
yMaj
or 55 275,
000
5,
000

OutDoorani
mal
s 700 300 210,
000

ul
tr
asonogr
aphy 400 500 200,
000

Cast
rat
ion 100 200 20,
000

Par
tur
it
ionCases 300
1,
500,
000
5,
000

FELI
NE(
cat
s)

Sof
tTi
ssueSur
ger
yMi
nor 160 200 32,
000

Sof
tTi
ssueSur
ger
yMaj
or 110 300 33,
000

OutDoorFeeperani
mal 1,
000 100 100,
000

I
ndoor
tpat
ient
s-Admi
ssi
on 175 35,
000
200

Spay
ing 500 100 50,
000

SubTot
al 3,
610 2,
488,
000

I
ncomef
rom v
isi
ts 280,
000

Sal
eofMedi
cine 309,
693

Tot
alRev
enue 3,
077,
693
Ot
herCost
s

Anessent ialcosttobebor nebyt hecompanyi st hef uelcost

i
ncur r
ed by st af
fduring t hei
rout doorv i
sitsto del i
v erthe
servi
ces.Itisesti
matedt hateachmot orcyclewouldbeusedf or
trav
elli
ngof100kmsperdayf or280wor ki
ngday sannual l
y.
Costoff uelistakentobeRs.5. 0perkm whi chwilli
ncr easeat
therateof10%( r
ateofinflati
on)peryear.Inyearonet her ef
ore,
fuelcostamount stoRs.94, 769fortwomot orcycles.
Similar
ly,electr
ici
tyexpensei sesti
matedt obeabout12,000
permont h.Thegasexpensei sesti
matedt obeRs.2,000per
mont h.Thecommuni cati
onduri
ngfi
eldvisi
tsi
sv er
ynecessary
tokeept hest af
finformedaboutthecases.Thecommunication
chargesar eest i
mat edt obeRs.3,
000permont h. Theot her
offi
ce expenses r elated t
o stat
ioner
y,ent er
tai
nment and
j
anitori
alser v
icesareexpectedtobeRs.36,000perannum.
Iti
sesti
mat edt hatmarket
ingwoul
dbedonet opr omot
etheservi
cesof
vet
eri
naryclinicthroughl
ocalmedi
aresourcessuchasnewspapersand
cabl
enet wor ks.Thesepromoti
onalexpensesareexpectedtobeRs.
40,
000perannum.