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COVID-19 a Gate Way to New World Order (An Analysis of WHO in the 21 st
Century)
Article · January 2020

DOI: 10.30690/ijassi.41.04
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International Journal of Advanced Studies in
Social Science & Innovation (IJASSI)
eISSN: 2600-7746
2020, Vol. 4, No. 1
COVID-19 a Gate Way to New World Order (An

Analysis of WHO in the 21st Century)
Musa Saleh1, Aliyu Mohammed Malami2, Nafiu Mahmood Alhaji3,
Saidu Umar Mohammed4
1 Department of Political Science Bauchi State University, Gadau
3Department of History Aminu Saleh College of Education, Azare
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.30690/ijassi.41.04
©2020 Exeliq Publishing. All right reserved.
Abstract
World Health Organization experienced some many challenges during COVID-19
outbreak. Globally, as of 26 June 2020 there have been over 9, 413, 280 confirmed
cases of corona virus including 482, 730 deaths. This paper assessed the challenges
facing World Health Organization in the 21st century particularly on COVID-19
pandemic. The study adopts descriptive research design. A secondary source such
as newspapers, reports, published and unpublished journals was utilized. The data
was subjected base on thematic content analysis and categorization in line with the
research objectives. The study findings confirmed that the way and manner World
Health Organization handle COVID-19 has caused internal political crisis across the
globe. For instance, protest in Brazil, Nigeria, US among others over the eased of
lockdown and stay at home policies. The study findings also indicate that America
and Madagascar officially withdrew their membership because they criticized World
Health Organization as acting likes political organization. Brazil also threatened to
pull out over ideological bias. Therefore, the study concluded that medical crisis, lack
of fund, racism among others have been trailing within World Health Organization.
The study recommends that world attention should be focus on regional health
agencies in order to end globalization and isolationism.
Keywords: New world order, Covid-19, corruption, pullout, racism
Available online at www.exeliqpublishing.com 37

International Journal of Advanced Studies in Social Science & Innovation (IJASSI)
2020, Vol. 4, No. 1
1. INTRODUCTION
World health organization (WHO) is a special body under the social and economic
council of the United Nations organization with about 194 member states around the
world. It has an executive board and Director-General. WHO is charged with the
responsibility of providing medical and technical support around the world through its
expertise, especially developing countries, and they are constitutionally obliged to
improve global public health standards (WHO, 2017).
According to Garret world health is relatively a new multifaceted enterprise with a lot
of expectations, but underfunded in the 20th century these affect global health and
tropical medicine under the watch of the WHO. Those global health ambitions were
solidified in 2000 with United Nations endorsement of the Millennium Development
Goals, three of which were clear health targets; two more had an obvious impact on
human health (Garrett, 2013).
Global health survey in 18 developing countries shows that there is low coverage of
the treatment of different ailments such as diabetes, asthma, angina, arthritis and
depression, poor screening for breast and cervical cancer. Generally, there was less
attention in those aspects. For instance, there was a slow effort in handling the SARS
pandemic, with no proper enlightenment about the emerging health crisis emanating
from environmental pollution and climate change which indicates serious challenges
ahead (WHO, 2008).
An unhealthy lifestyle and poor behavior of the people pose a lot of health challenges
in the society thereby causing the rapid transfer of different diseases and potential
world pandemic. Crisis, disasters, and rural-urban migration, environmental
degradation, and climate change has contributed to global health threats (Keyes &
Galea, 2015).
Covi-19 began with a drama when Dr.li first draws the attention of his colleagues and
authorities about the virus in Wuhan China in November 2019. The government of
the communist party of china debunks the claim and asked Dr. Li to keep mute about
the information; shortly Dr. Li got infected with corona virus and died on December,
6th2020 (Umar et al., 2020).
According to WHO Boss Adhan Tedros on the 30th, January 2020 declared COVID-
19 as an international public health emergency. By April 6th, 2020 the number of

2020, Vol. 4, No. 1
confirmed cases was 1.2 million, and more than 69,469 thousand people died from
corona virus globally (Saleh, 2020).
Many East African countries over the weeks have announced the cases of corona
virus every day. By March 2020 there were 509 confirmed cases of corona virus in
Tanzania with about twenty (20) deaths (Situation Report, 2020; Saleh, 2020).
Therefore, this study is structured into introduction, research objective, research
questions, literature review, Methodology, discussions of findings, conclusion,
recommendations, and references.
2. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
The objective of this paper was to examine the challenges facing World Health
Organization in the 21st Century.
3. RESEARCH QUESTION
This study sought to answer the following question: what are the challenges facing
World Health Organization in the 21st Century?
4. LITERATURE REVIEW
Previous literatures were taken into consideration, particularly on the First World War
and the League of Nations. Some empirical studies on the World Health Organization
which additional solidify our research brought out gaps in the review of the literature.
4.1 FIRST WORLD WAR
The first and second world war was a big misfortune to Europe and Germany in
particular. According to Cameron EU (European Union) was established as a result
of the two wars, the world war one has damaged territories, empires and has
produced a lot of new nation-states, stimulates agitation for self-government in many
European colonies thereby making united states to become the world superpower as
well as soviet communism and the eventual rise of Adolf Hitler. This also led to bitter
diplomatic ties between the west and the Middle East during the First World War.
Most of the bilateral relationships among countries have been fragmented, although
not devastated. The Second World War was a phase that appeared to bring a new
political approach to international relations among nation-states. Europe has been
exhausted and overwhelmed by the aftermath of the two wars, these made it

2020, Vol. 4, No. 1
possible for Europe to have a new outlook in political thought, health, warfare, and
general social behavior (Cameron, 2014).
The First World War had a global effect. For example, the French and British assured
the Jews and Arabs for reparation by supporting them against the Othman empire
during the Sykes-picot treaty. The aftermath of the two wars has brought several
issues like the Bolshevik revolution which have a long bearing on Europe and the
history of the world, Germany faced the political and economic crises that gave way
to the rise of Adolf Hitler. Similarly, Germany was made to pay compensation and its
size was drastically reduced, Kaiser was made to go on exile, new nation-states were
poor and went into crisis among them. League of Nation was established owing to
the devastation of the First World War to promote peace and security around the
world. Unfortunately, US President Woodrow Wilson was unable to convince the US
Congress to join. A lot of modern medical experiments were invented due to the war
(Cameron, 2014). The crisis within international specialized agencies cannot be
overemphasized for example US has pull-out from UNESCO in 1984, Britain, and
Singapore in 1985(Roberts and Kingsbury, 1988).
The conflict has grown because western countries blamed agencies for manipulating
the constitutional obligation by increasing time and resources based on political,
economic, and security problems denounce their membership from the general
assembly.
There are many controversies and conflict against W.H.O, at the conference in 1985
between world health assembly and world politics was evident, one vote at a time
excluding government representative, which later created tensions among members
(Taylor, 1968). Other Specialised agencies and WHO have been engulfed by politics
following the influx of third world countries into the organizations as against the
interest of western world despite the high contribution of US in all the agencies and
the least number of the vote which affect western influence and decision making.
Although, the creation of the WHO has attracted a lot of political quarries for example
assignment of some of the thirty-eight territories disputes between Argentina and
Britain over Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands, Iraq, and Britain over Bahrain
Island(Siddiqi, 1995).
Baker (1948) numerous conceptions of “politics” are available. Aristotle referred to
politics as the “art or science of producing a good community” Max Weber described
2020, Vol. 4, No. 1
it as “the leadership by a political body called the state, or any influence exerted in
that direction. Han Morgenthau has defined politics as the “struggle for power. The
WHO’s definition of “politics” represents a synthesis of classic conceptions of the
term: the art or science of government involving a “competition for power between
interest groups, pressure groups, or individuals and the use of such power (Ellui,
1979). Specialized agencies that were created as a result of political agreements,
and their resolutions and work inevitably reflect in one way or another, the prevailing
political climate (Ghebali, 1985).
League of Nation (LON) was the first international organization after the World War 1
setup to promote world peace and security, established on June 20th, 1919, and
came into effect January 10th, 1920 under the treaty of Versailles championed by
former US president Woodrow Wilson. Unfortunately, the US did not join the
organization because congress failed to pass it into law (Tomuschat, 1995). Although
the league military forces solely depends on great superpowers like France, the
United Kingdom, Italy and Japan were the permanent members of the Executive
Council to enforce its resolutions, but during the 2ndItalo-Abyssinian War, the league
blamed Italian soldiers of attacking red cross medical personnel’s Benito Mussolini
reacted that "the League is very well when sparrows shout, but no good at all when
eagles fall out’’ (Jahanpour & Farhang,2014).
Between1934-1935 the league has 58 members. There was little success and early
failures in the 1920s these shows that the league was not capable of protecting the
superpowers from an attack in the 1930s coupled with the fact that America failed to
join the league followed by the subsequent incorporation of the soviet union lately
and the invasion of Finland (Osakwe, 1972; Pericles & Lewis, 2000). Moreover,
Germany, Spain, Japan, and many great powers withdrew from the league because
it was clear that the league cannot prevent the occurrence of the future world war
outbreak. After 26 years of operation league of the nation was replaced by the United
Nations organization after the Second World War and inherited many agencies
created by the league (Ginneken & van, 2006; Ellis & Howard, 2003).
5. METHODOLOGY
This study adopted descriptive research design to collect and analyze data. This
study relied on secondary sources. The data was gathered through Newspaper,

2020, Vol. 4, No. 1
Magazine, Internet source, published and unpublished journals as well as reports.

The data collected was analysed, transcribed and categorised based on
documentary analysis which is in line with the objectives of the study.
6. DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
The data was analyzed based on the objective of the study.

6.1 Challenges facing World Health Organization
By July, 2018 Adhanon Tedros assumed office as WHO Boss at the time when the
organization faces a leadership crisis. The institutional framework is the strength of
the organization that gives it the power to mobilize her members to resolve world
health problems and formulate policies and programs within the political spectrum of
member states. Although, despite the ideological, political and economic differences
among member states WHO was able to reach consensus on many important public
health issues such as global health guidelines to stop the spread of infectious
diseases across international borders (WHO, 2017a; WHO, 2017b).
The beginning of the new millennium marked the era when the leadership style of the
WHO has been questioned by many global actors, notably global funds to fight AIDS,
Tuberculosis, and Malaria, Gavi the Vaccine Alliance, and Unit aid (Lancet, 2009).
Such organizations look at the W.H.O as unsuccessful. Norway has committed to a
variety of new projects (Skotheim et al., 2011). Cooperation seen between multiple
stakeholders could be even better, particularly in terms of improving the public health
system and universal health coverage in emerging economies (WHO, 2009).
6.2 Medical Crisis
The Agency announced a global health emergency on 30 January when there were
only 82 cases outside of China and zero deaths, according to WHO Director-General
Tedros at a press conference on 1 May 2020 (CNBC News May 29, 2020). India is
now in fourth place, behind only the US (20,76,495 cases), Brazil (7,87,489), and
Russia (5,02,436 cases), according to World meter figures. The Union Health
Ministry 's data, updated at 8:00 a.m., indicated that the country saw the highest one-
day incidence of 357 fatalities and 9,996 cases on Thursday, bringing the death toll
to 8,102 and the nationwide total to 2,86,579. According to data from the World
Health Organization (WHO), countries that have experienced community-based
transmission of the virus include the United States, the United Kingdom, Spain, Italy,

2020, Vol. 4, No. 1
Germany, Turkey, France, South Africa, Brazil, Mexico, Canada, Sweden,

Switzerland, Bangladesh, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Many of these countries
have a lower case count than India, but a figure among the nations that have
witnessed "community transmission "a term typically used when a clear-cut contact
tracing cannot be established for a large number of confirmed cases of infection (The
week June 12, 2020).
President of the United States, Donald Trump has spoken to two African leaders,
praising his country's support for their respective response to the COVID-19
pandemic. Trump spoke with South Africa's Cyril Ramaphosa and Kenya's Uhuru
Kenyatta, expressing America's support for both countries and promising additional
support. The President of South Africa is also the current President of the African
Union, AU; he is the leader of Africa's most affected country and the continent's effort
to get international support to fight the pandemic. We interact with the developed
world," said John Nkengasong, director of the Africa Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. "The very future of the continent will depend on how this matter is dealt
with" (African news.com 11 June 2020).
One of the most difficult responsibilities for the new Director-General will be to
restore the confidence of the global community in the organization's ability to control
global wellbeing. For the model program to work, Member States must be confident
that the World Health Organization will succeed in this effort. It is the Member States
that need to have appropriate funds, for example, the USD 100 million Emergency
Contingency Fund, which is still substantially underfunded (Contingency Fund, 2017).
There are many indications that the WHO has managed to gather knowledge and
experience that will encourage it to respond effectively to catastrophic events. For
instance, officials and partner organizations have drawn attention to their important
work in the context of the earthquake in Nepal in April 2015 (WHO, 2017). The main
responsibilities of the organization in crises are coordination and strategic vision of
the response of the healthcare services, analysis of the circumstance, and tracking of
infectious disease outbreaks (United Nations, 2017). This requires good leadership
and capable staff who can cooperate effectively with national authorities,
international emergency aid organizations, and civil society (WHO, 2017a).
The World Health Organization cautioned that the corona virus pandemic is speeding
up in Africa after 200,000 cases hit the continent South Africa is the region's the
2020, Vol. 4, No. 1
worse-affected country with more than a quarter of all infectious diseases. And most
countries have fewer than 1,000 infections. Speaking at a video briefing organized by
the UN Press Association in Geneva on Thursday, Doctor Matshidiso Moeti, WHO
Regional Director for Africa, confirmed that;
“UN does not believe that serious cases are undetected it took
98 days to hit the first 100,000 cases, and just 18 days to shift to
200,000 cases." Africa has so far reported 5.635 fatalities. Africa
has documented less than 6,000 casualties, according to the
AFP, but only five countries account for 70 percent of them:
South Africa, Algeria, Nigeria, Egypt, and Sudan. In Africa, "the
global epidemic is still focused in and around capital cities, but
we are seeing more cases spread across the
provinces” (Guardian 12 Jun 2020).
Brazil, the second hardest-hit country after the US, confirmed 30,000 new cases in
24 hours on Thursday, taking a total of 800,000 under the leadership of
JairBolsonaro almost 40,919 people deaths due to COVID-19 pandemic. Infections
have increased by more than 40% in the United States on 12 June 2020, as the
effects of relaxed restrictions begin to be felt (Guardian 12 Jun 2020). WHO Director-
General Tedros praised China's efforts to contain the virus; calling it an amazing
accomplishment the chances of having it somewhere outside of China are very
small" (Emily, 2020).The recent WHO report painted a grim picture of Africa, one of
the last continents to be hit by the pandemic. WHO emphasized that if care is not
taken the virus could kill more than 300,000 people and push 30 million into
desperate poverty (Africannews.com 11 June 2020)
6.3 Funding
Tarik Jasarevic, the WHO spokesman stated that the organization's funding runs in
two-year budget cycles. The U.S. paid a $237 million required assessment as well as
$656 million in voluntary contributions, averaging $446 million annually and
representing about 14.67% of its total budget for the 2018 and 2019 funding cycle, ”
(CNBC News May 29, 2020).
Lawrence Gostin, professor and faculty director of the O'Neill Institute for National
and Global Health Law at Georgetown University, stated in a tweet that Trump's
move is "unlawful" because the withdrawal of funding requires Congress, which has

2020, Vol. 4, No. 1
already authorized funding. Accordingly, it is also "risky" as we are in the middle of

the pandemic” (CNBC News May 29, 2020).
The US has been a major contributor, but the current US administration has signaled
a reduction in support for UN organizations. Securing more certain funding is
paramount. There is always sturdy support for the key position and authority of the
W.H.O in the field of global health. However, the new Director-General is taking over
an organization with many technical challenges that are underfunded and must show
that it can unite its Member States to tackle global health problems (WHO, 2020).
Cintia Diaz-Herrera, Senior Public Relations Officer for Philanthropy said "No donor
is interested only in repaying the funds that have been taken away, and so I will
certainly encourage the US to remain a member of the WHO and continue to offer
support. The other donations are often intended for a particular purpose and
specifically intended to fulfill our goals and needs” (Devex, 2020).
On Friday, Trump threatened to perpetually cut United States WHO funding. In a
letter, he said if the WHO "doesn't commit to major substantive improvements within
the next 30 days, I will make my temporary freeze on US funding to the World Health
Organization permanent and reconsider our membership of the organizations. He
further said that WHO failed to make the requested greatly needed reform and the
United States will terminate our relationship with the World Health Organization and
redirecting those funds to other regional health organizations and deserving urgent
global public health needs”(CNBC News May 29, 2020).
In an interview on CNN's "State of the Union," O'Brien emphasized that the United
States should continue to invest the same amount on public health, but preferred to
divert the funds to groups that would make better use of them. We’re not going to run
the money through the crooked WHO to host Jake Tapper. We’re going to ensure it
gets to the Red Cross, the world's leading hospitals. No, no. Listen, we just have to
make the same amount of money and the clinical trials underway for Covid-19
weren't being conducted under the auspices of the WHO in America. He argues that
the American companies are carrying out their development of the corona virus
vaccine. Sen. Lamar Alexander said that "Withdrawal will make it more difficult to
cooperate with other countries to stop viruses before they reach the United States"
(Politico 05/31/2020).

2020, Vol. 4, No. 1
Ryan said, "Obviously, we’re going to have to work with other partners to ensure that
these funds can still flow, This will have a major impact on the delivery of essential
health services to some of the most vulnerable people in the world, and we trust that
developed donors will, if necessary, take steps to fill that gap"(CNBC News May 29,
2020).
6.4 Nongovernmental Members
Although the United States Government relinquishes from the World Health
Organization, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation will be the biggest donor to the
Fund. The change possibility begs questions about the possible effects of a sole
private foundation. The WHO's list of top 20 campaign donors for the 2018 and 2019
two-year spending periods reveals that the US supported the Agency with $893
million, or 20% of the WHO spending, while Gates donated $531 million, or 12% of
WHO funding. While the WHO has many more questions on how substantial the
Gates Foundation has, the Agency shows that it is among several foundations and
non-governmental funders to the WHO (Devex, 2020). The World Health Assembly
approved a template for cooperation between the World Health Organization and
non-governmental organizations after two years of negotiations (FENSA) (WHO,
2017).
However, during the 2009 swine flu epidemic, advisors were tried to accuse of being
too strongly connected to the production of vaccines (Cohen, 2010). While working
on the latest sugar consumption reviews released in 2015, the organization was
under tremendous pressure from the sugar industry’s demands (World Health
Organization, 2016; Stuckler, 2015). Civil society is an essential associate at the
global and national levels to promote equity and better accessibility of health
services, especially for countries in Africa and Asia. The World Health Organization
also needs non-state actors to cooperate in facilitating public health interventions to
combat lifestyle diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, obesity and type 2
diabetes (WHO, 2017) Partnership with educational organizations, including those
with the status of collaborating WHO centres, ensures that the organization will
support national and foreign academic communities. It was criticized for being
involved in too much field researches, and for being too large in comparison to the
available funds. Improved use of collaborators and collaboration centres would

2020, Vol. 4, No. 1
enable the organization to have fewer professional experts (World Health

Organisation, 2017).
As a world leader, the U.S. has lost the ball. For instance, at the critical early stage of
the epidemic, the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) shipped
contaminated COVID-19 tests to create the nation's first test uselessly. Only the U.S.
government disregarded its pandemic arrangements, which sat on bureaucratic dust-
gathering cabinets (Eastern Daylight 2020)."The Organization might argue that this is
an opportunity because it renders it affordable and accessible and less vulnerable to
the policy change, "Sophie Harman, Professor of Global Affairs at Queen Mary
University in London, told Devex in a message. ”However, it also raises critical
concerns about public health transparency. "People say, 'Influences the WHO
agenda? "The Diaz-Herrera said.” No, our ideology is very clear, and decades have
gone by before it became a foundation" (Devex, 2020).In the absence of a national
pandemic prevention program, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation, state, and
local governments were left to compete for medical supplies such as masks,
ventilators and diagnostic antibody tests (Eastern Daylight, 2020)
6.5 Corruption
Trump said on April 14, 2020 "I am instructing my government to withhold support for
the World Health Organization for its involvement in incompetence and corruption
and the promotion of the corona virus," CNBC News May 1, 2020). Trump said at a
White House Rose Garden media briefing, "China has complete leverage over the
World Health Organization amidst able to charge just $40 million a year compared to
something the United States has paid, which is about $450 million a year." We need
accuracy.
Why is China blocking out sick people to all other areas of China from Wuhan? "He
introduced" It also doesn't go to Beijing, it also doesn't go anywhere else, but is
forced and allow someone to move freely around the world, especially in Europe and
the United States "CNBC News May 29, 2020). Trump said at a White House Rose
Garden news conference "China has complete leverage over the World Health
Organization despite paying just $40 million a year relative to what the United States
has paid, which is about $450 million a year (CNBC News May 29, 2020).
Although the novel corona virus is going to bring about world change, China has
struggled to do so as well. It is already a huge strategic competitor with tremendous
2020, Vol. 4, No. 1
foreign implications to the United States and is now heading into a new health field.
After early rejections and wrap-ups, China found that it had successfully contained a
COVID-19 outbreak but not before it outsourced many cases to the rest of the globe.
Despite its initial misrepresentations, which played an important role in avoiding the
international response, it is attempting to leverage its reputed great achievement
towards a better situation on worldwide health authorities (Hinnerk, 2020).
More importantly, Beijing has learned to handle the World Health Organization
(WHO) from the inception, both of which accept contributions from China and rely
entirely on the Communist Party’s government at so many levels. The foreign experts
were not given entry to the country until President Xi Jinping was visited by Director-
General Tedros in late January. However, just after a visit to Beijing, the WHO stated
in a statement that it praised "particularly the dedication of the top leadership and the
transparency they have shown." It was only after the discussion that it declared an
emergency for public health international concern on 30 January And after China
confirmed just some very new cases every day, the WHO declared the corona virus a
disease outbreak on March 11, even though it had spread throughout the world
weeks ago (Hinnerk, 2020).
Previously, the WHO was unquestioningly reiterating data from the Chinese officials,
disregarding the warning signs from Taiwanese doctors powerless in the WHO,
However, the WHO unquestionably echoed data from the Chinese authorities,
disregarding the warning signs from helpless Taiwanese doctors in the WHO, which
is an organization of the United Nations, and unable to declare a "world public health
emergency," failing to do so after a meeting on January 22. The Chinese party-state
's greatest achievement was getting the WHO to look at the optimistic side of China's
reaction and disregard the negative side of the response, "said Steve Tsang,
Chinese Institute director at SOAS University in London (Hinnerk, 2020). As part of
our ongoing business process change, we are encouraging the feedback and
creating a better plan to ensure that every dollar goes to the beneficiary, "said the
WHO representative With the WHO presenting China's reaction in a favorable light,
the Chinese Communist Party is in a position to begin its propaganda campaign to
disregard its earlier errors and disregard its response's political, social and economic
costs. The WHO turns a blind eye to such significant issues “China detected and
extracted all persons with COVID-19 confirmed in the laboratory," Christian
2020, Vol. 4, No. 1
Lindmeier, WHO spokesperson, said in mid-March (Hinnerk 2020). Devi Sridhar,

Global Public Health Professor at the University of Edinburgh, said: "China has not
done an outstanding job of educating the public about the beginning phases of the
outbreak, and it is clear that delays have occurred (BBC 15 April 2020).
6.6 Racism
The WHO General Director Tedros said that he had been subjected to months of
racial remarks and death threats. In the last two or three months, he has been the
target concerning racial remarks. He was threatened with death, expressed an
opinion as to whether the criticism of world leaders such as President Donald Trump
amid world pandemic makes it more difficult for the WHO to operate. Tedros directly
commented on the threats he said had come from Taiwan. Taiwan, the governing
body of the WHO, which is not a member of the United Nations, responded to
Tedros' remarks by calling them "baseless" and demanding an apology. Taiwanese
President Tsai Ing-wen added on Face book that "Taiwan has always objected to all
kinds of racism."She also welcomed Tedros to visit Taiwan. Tedros said "Please
quarantine COVID-19 politics. That's just what we want. We’re not interested in
personal attacks; we care that every minute of life goes wasted through because we
can't unite to battle this virus. The offensive remarks had just come from Taiwan. We
have got to be honest with you. I'll be frank here today. It was from Taiwan, as well
as the Foreign Affairs Ministry, who heard about the program. We did not become a
separate entity. They even began attacking me in the middle of all the provocation
and slur but that did not matter (CNBC News APR 8, 2020).
Tedros was also endorsed by the African Union, with the new President and
President of South Africa, Cyril Ramaphos, continuing to call for "solidarity, unity of
intent and successful cooperation to ensure that we can defeat this common enemy"
(BBC 9 April 2020). Dr. Tedros' unjustified allegations, made without any effort to
check them, are contrary to the facts and have done significant harm to the
Taiwanese government and citizens, "the Taiwan Ministry of Foreign Affairs said in a
statement." This accusation is irresponsible, and the Taiwanese government is
asking that the Director-General quickly rectify its trumped-up statements, provide
clarification, and make an apology to the Taiwanese. Tedros also pointed to the
comments made by French TV scientists that he condemned Monday as "racist
mindset" artifacts. According to the BBC, scientists explored the possibility of bringing
2020, Vol. 4, No. 1
vaccine trials in Europe and Australia to Africa. On Wednesday, Tedros said the
comments were undermining the entire Black community (CNBC News APR 8 2020).
World Health Organization head, Ethiopian microbiologist Tedros said, "I can tell
clients that individual assaults that have been going on for more than two, three
months, abuses or bigoted comments, giving me names, black or black. I'm proud to
be black, "he told reporters on Wednesday at a conference call from Geneva
headquarters. "I'm not giving you a damn. "Give me black or yellow marks, "he said.
"I 'm happy even to be black, or I'm proud to be black. "He also received death
threats and racial slurs while undertaking global efforts to counter the pandemic
corona virus. The violence occurred in Taiwan, and the foreign ministry did not
disassociate from it "itself (BBC 9 April 2020).
6.7 Termination of Membership ofMadagascar, United states of America, and
Brazilfrom World Health Organization
Madagascar President AndryRajoelina officially launched a corona virus "cure"
dubbed "COVID-19 Organic". Developed by the Madagascar Institute of Applied
Research (MIAR), the herbal tea was made from Artemisia and other locally-sourced
herbs. Soldiers were deployed to hand out batches of "COVID Organic", with Colonel
Willy Ratovondrainy announcing on state television that the tea would "strengthen
immunity"(The Straits Times, 2020). However, the National Academy of Medicine of
Madagascar (ANAMEM) voiced its skepticism, while the World Health Organization
(WHO) cautioned that there was no proof for any coronavirus cure at the time of
COVID Organic launch. The African Union has begun talks with the Malagasy
government to test the drug's safety and efficiency (BBC News, 2020; Al Jazeera,
2020).
Madagascar President, AndryRajoelina, has officially removed his country from the
world health organization. President Rajoelina angrily said: ‘Europe created
organizations with the desire for Africans to remain dependent on them. Africa has
found a medicine against corona virus but Europeans think they have the monopoly
of intelligence as such they are refusing to acknowledge it. From today we are no
more members of world health organization’’ (Rex News, 2020).
According to Donald Trump on May 29, 2020, at the rose garden white house, china
has total control of WHO despite the US over the years pays more than 450m USD
per annum as subvention to WHO against china who pays 40m USD per year. We
2020, Vol. 4, No. 1
have details a reform directly to engage with WHO but they have refused to act.
Therefore, the US have terminated our relationship with the WHO, the government
will, therefore, re-direct the funds to other worldwide and deserving public health
needs (ABC News, 2020).
Brazilian president Jairbolsonaro has threatened to withdraw Brazil's membership to
the WHO citing ‘’ideological bias’’, also criticized the WHO as acting as a political
organization. Furthermore, the president blamed the World Health Organization for
suspending clinical trials of the drug hydroxyl chloroquine for COVID-19 (scoop,
2020).
The ‘HISTORIC’’ EU summit deal of 7years budget plan (2021-2027) for coronavirus
economic recovery of $858 billion as loans and grants, $1.3 trillion for seven years
budget while the overall amount to be spent is $2 trillion to rebuild the economy
ravaged by covid-19. The deal tagged ‘repair, reform and remodel’’ was full of
controversies whether the money should be a grant or loans, but finally after more
than 90 hours meeting in Brussels, Belgium agreement has been reached (CNN,
2020). However, $859billion non-repayment grant and loans was agreed for
disbursement to worse coronavirus affected member countries as historic EU
economic recovery package (Aljazeera 20th July, 2020).
7. Conclusion and Recommendations
The study revealed that since the beginning of the new millennium, the traditional
leadership position of the World Health Organization in international health has been
questioned by several new stakeholders including the Global Fund to Fight AIDS,
Tuberculosis and Malaria, Gavi the Vaccine Alliance and Unit aid.
The study found out that WHO is sharply divided along with the political realm. US is
the highest contributor to WHO but has limited voting slots which means decisions
are taking based on the majority of votes whereas china is paying less than the US,
and has an age over the US implying the WHO is China's puppet. Similarly, America
is blaming China and WHO for cover-up the coronavirus pandemic. Some US
congressmen and activists are calling for the resignation of the WHO boss (Adhanom
Tedros).
The research also revealed that the way and manner WHO handle COVID-19 has
caused internal political crisis across the world, example protest in Venezuela, US,

2020, Vol. 4, No. 1
Brazil, Nigeria, and others over the ease of lockdown and lack of personal protective
equipment’s (PPE) and ventilators by frontline medics. Moreover, world
epidemiologists, virologists, and other disease experts have a divergent view of the
corona virus pandemic.
The research also revealed that Countries around the world that have experienced
community-based transmission of the corona virus are hard hit and devastated
politically, economically, socially and psychologically with the pandemic notably the
United States, the United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, Germany, Turkey, France, South
Africa, Brazil, Mexico, Canada, Sweden, Switzerland, Bangladesh, Indonesia, and
the Philippines among others, but still WHO and other international agencies have
not come out with a global synergy to combat the COVID-19.
The study found out that corruption, racism, and bigotry has been trailing within the
World Health Organization. The United States of America, Madagascar, and Brazil
have terminated their membership from WHO and have immediately announced the
withdrawal of funds.
Finally, the research revealed that the historic EU economic recovery plan was full of
controversies. The leaders have only focused and agreed on economic package
while forgetting how to handle covid-19.This shows how uncoordinated WHO and
world leaders are in fighting corona virus.“It is like killing a snake without cutting the
head’’.
The paper recommends that the termination of the US been the highest donor of
WHO and other member states indicate their distrust over WHO behavior in handling
covid-19 hence, incapacitated. Many countries around the world will follow suit.
Therefore, the prospect of the agency and global public health is in a state of
uncertainty. The world's attention would now shift its focus to regional agencies and
would have a subsequent effect on other agencies such as EU, UN, GATT, NATO,
AU among others thereby pave way for a new world order. This may likely mark the
end of globalization and the rise of isolationism.
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Musa Saleh Aliyu Mohammed Malami

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Nafiu Mahmood Alhaji Saidu Umar Mohammed

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COVID-19 a Gate Way to New World Order (An

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Magazine, Internet source, published and unpublished journals as well as reports.

The data was analyzed based on the objective of the study.

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Germany, Turkey, France, South Africa, Brazil, Mexico, Canada, Sweden,

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already authorized funding. Accordingly, it is also "risky" as we are in the middle of

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enable the organization to have fewer professional experts (World Health

Lindmeier, WHO spokesperson, said in mid-March (Hinnerk 2020). Devi Sridhar,

Available online at www.exeliqpublishing.com 51

Aljazeera (2020) "Corona virus: What is Madagascar's 'herbal remedy' Covid-

“conspiracies”. BMJ 2010; 340: c2912.

Contingency Fund (2017) Contingency Fund for Emergencies income and

Jahanpour, & Farhang (2008)"The Elusiveness of Trust: the experience of Security

industry influence on the World Health Organization’s 2015 sugars intake

guideline. Bull World Health Organ 2016; 94: 566 - 73.

Tomuschat, C. (1995) The United Nations at Age Fifty: A Legal Perspective.

Available online at www.exeliqpublishing.com 54

WHO (2017) Reform of WHO’s work in health emergency management. Sixty-Ninth

WHO (2017) Nepal Country Cooperation Strategy Mid Term

WHO (2017) Global Outbreak Alert and Response

WHO (2017) Placing countries at the centre. A report on a fresh approach to

assessing WHO country performance in the Western Pacific

Available online at www.exeliqpublishing.com 55

Organization. Sixty-Ninth World Health

WHO (2017) Global Health Observatory (GHO)

data. www.who.int/gho/en/ (9.8.2017).

WHO (2017) monitoring health for the SDGs, Sustainable

WHO (2016) Workforce data at 31 December2016.

WHO (2008) internal calculations. Geneva, World Health Organization,

Available online at www.exeliqpublishing.com 56

Available online at www.exeliqpublishing.com 57

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