Treatment Definition Pathophysiology

Alkali therapy Metabolic acidosis is a condition in Metabolic acidosis manifests with

It is recommended to keep blood bicarbonate at
levels above 22 mEq/L. The normal range is 22
to 29 mEq/L. People with metabolic acidosis
have a blood bicarbonate level below between
12 to 22 mEq/L, while people with severe
metabolic acidosis fall below 12 mEq/L. There
are medicines that can add more bicarbonate to
your body. Bicarbonate can balance out acid in
your body. One way to increase bicarbonate
levels is through alkali therapy, which could
include taking sodium bicarbonate. Your doctor
could also suggest taking another similar
supplement, such as calcium citrate, calcium
carbonate, or calcium acetate.
which there is too much acid in the
body fluids.
Metabolic Acidosis
tachypnoea, tachycardia,
vasodilatation, headache and a variety
of other non-specific symptoms and
signs. It is caused by a reduction in the
strong ion difference (SID) or an
increase in weak acid concentration
(albumin or phosphate). Increased SID
results from hyperchloremia,
hemodilution or accumulation of
metabolic by-products. A reduction in
SID results in a corresponding
reduction is serum bicarbonate.

Management
The management of metabolic acidosis
should address the cause of the
underlying acid-base derangement. For
example, adequate fluid resuscitation
and correction of electrolyte
abnormalities are necessary for sepsis
and diabetic ketoacidosis. Other
therapies to consider include antidotes
for poisoning, dialysis, antibiotics, and
bicarbonate administration in certain
situations.
Diagnosis
These tests can help diagnose acidosis.
They can also determine whether the
cause is a breathing problem or a
metabolic problem. Tests may include:
Clinical Manifestations:  Arterial blood gas
 Basic metabolic panel, (a group
 Confusion of blood tests that measure your
 Fast heartbeat
sodium and potassium levels,
 Feeling sick to your stomach
 Headache kidney function, and other
 Long and deep breaths chemicals and functions)
 Not wanting to eat  Blood ketones
 Vomiting  Lactic acid test
 Feeling tired
 Urine ketones
 Feeling weak
 Urine pH
 Treatment Definition
Respiratory acidosis is a condition that
Treatment is aimed at the underlying disease, occurs when the lungs cannot remove
and may include:
all of the carbon dioxide the body
 Bronchodilator medicines and produces. This causes body fluids,
corticosteroids to reverse some types especially the blood, to become too
of airway obstruction acidic.
 Noninvasive positive-pressure
ventilation (sometimes called CPAP or
BiPAP) or a breathing machine, if
needed
 Oxygen if the blood oxygen level is
low
 Treatment to stop smoking
 For severe cases, a breathing machine
might be needed Respiratory Acidosis
 Pathophysiology
Typically acidaemia occurs when PCO2
is greater than physiological (i.e. over
40–45 mmHg (5.33–6 kPa), equal to
1,2–1,35 mmol / L. Respiratory acidosis
can therefore be characterized as a
mechanism that mainly leads to an
increase in the PCO2 trend towards
decreased arterial pH.

Management
In patients presenting with hypercapnia,
acidosis, and hypoxemia, two lines of action are
required: Diagnosis

Identification of the causes of respiratory The health care provider will perform a
acidosis, with particular focus on the correction physical exam and ask about symptoms.
of precipitating factors which may be reversible.
And Treatment of the symptoms and signs if
Clinical Manifestations:
Tests that may be done include:
they are themselves a possible cause of
unfavorable outcome.  Confusion
 Arterial blood gas, which
 Anxiety
measures oxygen and carbon
These two actions should be pursued together,  Easy fatigue
as correction of the precipitating factors may dioxide levels in the blood
 Lethargy  Basic metabolic panel
lead to almost immediate resolution of the
respiratory acidosis. However, the first goal in  Shortness of breath  Chest x-ray
intensive care is the maintenance of  Sleepiness  CT scan of the chest
homeostasis, and correction of life-threatening  Tremors (shaking)  Pulmonary function test to
conditions is the priority. Thus, the indications  Warm and flushed skin measure breathing and how well
for symptomatic treatment will be discussed
 Sweating the lungs are functioning
first.