Received: 5 June 2019 Revised: 18 April 2020 Accepted: 19 April 2020

DOI: 10.1002/eng2.12184

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Freshwater shrimp farm monitoring system for Bangladesh

based on internet of things

Mohammad Salah Uddin Md. Fatin Istiaq Mohd. Rasadin Md. Ruhel Talukder

Department of Computer Science &

Engineering, East West University,
Aftabnagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Correspondence
Mohammad Salah Uddin, Department of
Computer Science & Engineering, East
West University, Aftabnagar, Dhaka,
Bangladesh.
Email: uddin@ewubd.edu,
akash.bangla@gmail.com
Summary
The freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) fisheries sector is of vital
significance to the economy of Bangladesh. This sector plays an important role
in supplying nutrition, employment creation, poverty alleviation, and overseas
currency acquisition. Rapid population growth, environmental pollution, and
global warming are reducing the production level of the fisheries (freshwa-
ter shrimp) sector. There are various environmental metrics, such as acidity
and salinity level of water, turbidity, dissolved oxygen level, and so on, which
play a vital role in the effective production of shrimps. It is hence paramount
environmental and production parameters be constantly monitored to ensure
quality in the production chain. Nevertheless, old-fashioned (ie, manual) mon-
itoring systems are cumbersome, time-consuming, and never performed in real
time. Therefore, a constant and computerized monitoring system is the only
way to handle those metrics efficiently and in real time. In order to address
these problems, a real-time freshwater shrimp farm monitoring system is pre-
sented in this article. This monitoring system integrates technologies such as
microcontroller-based physical devices, internet of things, and web applica-
tions, that allow users to remotely monitor a shrimp farm, as well as to receive
alerts when an out-of-range water parameter (ie, temperature, pH, dissolved
oxygen, salinity level, and turbidity of water) is detected. The physical imple-
mentation of this system consists of a set of sensors that allow for collecting
data about the water metrics of shrimp farm. This system was evaluated to
test its effectiveness in terms of the size, weight, and the percentage of sur-
vival of the shrimp achieved when the shrimp culture pond is monitored by this
system.

KEYWORDS
Macrobrachium rosenbergii, aquatic life, aquatic monitoring system,
fisheries farm monitoring system, freshwater shrimp farm

Freshwater Shrimp (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) Farm Monitoring System.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium,
provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
© 2020 The Authors. Engineering Reports published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.12184
2 of 14 SALAH UDDIN et al.

1 I N T RO DU CT ION

Bangladesh is a small country with an area of 147,570 Km2 and a population of 161 million.1 So, it has a large population
within a small piece of land. To fulfill the housing demands of this large population, the cultivable land is declining every
year. The development of industry, in order to provide employment opportunity for the increasing population, is also
reducing farmland. As a result, we have to ensure maximum use of our each and every inch of farmland. In the recent
past, we achieved food self-sufficiency status but a large number of very poor people still cannot meet their minimum
intake of animal protein.
The fisheries sector has vital significance to the economy of Bangladesh. This sector plays an important role in supply-
ing nutrition, creation of rural employment, poverty alleviation, and earning foreign exchange as well. Approximately 60%
of animal protein of Bangladesh comes from fish and 1.2 million people are directly dependent on this sector.2 Another
10.8 million people are indirectly dependent on this sector. Fisheries sector also contributes to the gross domestic product
(GDP) as well as foreign exchange earnings and the amount is 4.43% and 2.73%, respectively.2

1.1 Freshwater shrimp farming in Bangladesh

The freshwater shrimp, locally known as“GOLDA,” is one of the leading exportable products in Bangladesh. It exports
around $506.60 million of shrimp to the foreign country in the year 2008 and 2009 which is 95% of the country's iced
fish export. Shrimp is the second largest export industry in Bangladesh. Shrimp's contribution is about 4.73% to GDP and
9.38% of total exports.3 Currently Bangladesh is the seventh biggest shrimp exporting country with USA and Japan being
the main destination of its shrimp exports.4
The producing unit of shrimp in Bangladesh is domestically known as “GHER” farming. Gher farming is a mixed
structure of aquaculture and agriculture. Shrimp gher farming system has a large influence on the agricultural and
financial system of Bangladesh. It has created many diverse local employment opportunities such as mud snail trading,
prawn fingerling trading, ice factories, depots, and so on, which change local people's financial condition. Bangladesh
is considered one of the most suitable countries because of its agroclimatic conditions for farming the giant freshwater
shrimp (Macrobrachium rosenbergii De Man 1879).5 Macrobrachium rosenbergii is also recognized as the giant fresh-
water prawn/shrimp or giant river shrimp/prawn. Another local Bangladeshi name of M. rosenbergii is Golda Chingri.
It is a unique opportunity for the production of M. rosenbergii or Golda Chingri in Bangladesh because of its subtrop-
ical climate and a vast area of water bodies. In Bangladesh, 24 species of freshwater prawns including ten species of
Macrobrachium are found but only Golda Chingri has significant aquaculture potential and is commercially cultivated.6
Freshwater shrimp plays a significant role in our economy because of its export potential. Despite the growth of this
sector, production technology, and environmental aspects are the major concern for the question of sustainability of
this sector.
Several challenges exists in the shrimp farming sector, and as a result, farm owner cannot get expected production.
Challenges are described below:

1.1.1 Natural calamities

Geographically, Bangladesh naturally a disaster-prone country. Every year, Bangladesh faces various natural disasters
such as, cyclone, sudden flood, hailstorm, heavy rainfall, and so on. Those disasters are very harmful for shrimp gher. For
example, farming shrimp requires precise salinity levels, but sudden flood and excess rainfall are the main culprits for
changing the salinity level of the gher water.

1.1.2 Lack of modern machinery for monitoring the shrimp gher

To produce exportable or high quality of shrimp, continuous monitoring of the gher is necessary. Technological improve-
ments have not yet influenced the fisheries sector of Bangladesh. There are some smart tools and gadgets which are
available in Bangladesh for monitoring household aquariums, but they have limitations. In fish farm, farmers monitor
SALAH UDDIN et al. 3 of 14

the farm manually. Farmers use their previous experience or prediction for determining the water quality, which is not
scientifically rigorous and provides unverifiable results. Observation based on experience or prediction does not carry
fruitful results.

1.1.3 Diseases

The most common problems related to the shrimp farming in Bangladesh is Disease. Diseases are responsible for unex-
pected mortalities of shrimps and it also reduces the value of shrimps by defacement. Environmental parameters such
as low quality of water, the presence of microorganisms and chemical minerals in feed are principle causes of diseases.
Various types of diseases occur in shrimp; farmers report that they face problems with Black gill disease, White Muscle
disease, excessive growth of moss and weeds in Shrimp, Fungal Disease, Protozoa related diseases, Bacterial diseases,
and so on. When disease outbreaks occur in the farms, it contributes to fluctuation in market values and creates a signifi-
cant threat to the financial viability of farming operations. Maintaining environmental conditions with good aquaculture
practices are necessary for disease control and management in shrimp farming.
The rest of the article is organized as follows. The water requirement factors in shrimp farming and brief system
description is discussed in Section 2, Section 3 presents the technical specifications of proposed solution, the working
principle of the system is listed in Section 4, cost analysis and system testing are given in Sections 5 and 6, respectively.
Finally conclusion is provided in Section 7.

2 BAC KG ROU N D AN D DE SCRIPTION

The rivers in Bangladesh are getting polluted due to industrial waste and discharge of untreated sewage. Pollution is
spreading out to new rivers in every year. So it is a very difficult task for shrimp farmers to ensure that water parameters
are properly controlled and water quality is maintained every year.

2.1 Water quality requirements for freshwater shrimp farming

All the necessary metrics required for shrimp farming are nicely presented throughout the literature.7-9 Based on their
(experts') opinion, the metrics include (i) temperature of water, (ii) water pH level, (iii) water salinity, (iv) dissolved oxygen
level, (v) clearness of water, and so on the water quality requirements for freshwater shrimp framing are given in the
Tables 1 and 2.

2.2 Related work

The wireless sensor network-based system for measuring the quality of pond water was designed by Zainuddin et al.10
This system was designed for Vannamei shrimp cultivation. It made use of sensors such as temperature, pH, and turbidity

T A B L E 1 Freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farming water

Parameter Numerical range
quality requirements
Water temperature 29◦ C − 31◦ C
Salinity (ppt) 10-13
Dissolved oxygen more than 5 ppm
pH 7.0-8.5
Nitrite less than 0.1 ppm
Ammonia less than 0.1 ppm

Source: Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute.7

4 of 14 SALAH UDDIN et al.

T A B L E 2 Freshwater
Suitability classification shrimp (Macrobrachium
Parameter Most suitable Moderately suitable Least suitable rosenbergii) farming water
quality parameter classification
Water temperature (◦ C) 25-31 12-25 <12 - >32
pH 6-8 4-6, 8-9 <4 - >9
Dissolved oxygen (ppm) 4-7 2.5-4.0 <2.5
Salinity (ppt) 1-15 15-25 >25
Soil texture (% clay)/turbidity 35 18-35 <18

Source: Adapted from Bwadi et al8 and Hossain and Das.9

FIGURE 1 Architecture of freshwater shrimp farm monitoring system

sensor for measuring the water parameters. The implementation of this system took place in Mappakasunggu District,
Takalar in Indonesia.
“SAM-IoT" was designed to collect data on the pH level, the temperature, and the amount of dissolved oxygen in the
water of shrimp ponds. Radio frequency communication was used for transmitting the data from the on-site apparatus
to the ground station. The ground station retransmitted the captured data to the cloud database by using TCP/IP proto-
col. A mobile app was developed for monitoring the real-time data. More technical details on “SAM-IoT" is available in
Reference 11. Similar types of monitoring systems are found in References 12-14.

2.3 Description of proposed system

This proposed system is specially designed for Bangladeshi shrimp farms, where the internet of things (IoT) is the
essential unit. All the productivity metrics for shrimp farming described in Table 1 have been taken into account dur-
ing the system development process. This system's architecture shown in Figure 1is inherited from the IoT and cloud
computing architecture, that is, it will contain both hardware and mobile applications based on the cloud. This sys-
tem comprises of three layers, for example, (a) hardware/physical layer, (b) cloud layer, and (c) application layer. The
physical layer incorporates all the sensors and an equipment handling unit which is Arduino Yun for this proposed
SALAH UDDIN et al. 5 of 14

system. This layer will work as infrastructure and will provide all its information and current statuses to online database
which is a part of cloud layer. The cloud layer is primary data handling unit of the system. The application layer
provides graphical user interface for real-time data visualization. The cloud layer is the data source for application
layer. This layer also provides some other information such as, daily, weekly, or monthly report generation based on
monitoring parameters, real-time data graph, threshold level estimation, alert notification based on threshold, and
so on.

2.4 Decision support model

The theoretical introduction of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is available in Reference 15. AHP is used to analyse a
complex decision making process. We have developed a decision support model based on AHP for determining the water
quality score. The development process is given bellow:
The AHP structures the problem as a hierarchy. Figure 2 shows the decision hierarchy for healthy shrimp production.
The first level of the hierarchy represents the goal; and the second level in the hierarchy is constituted by the criteria. For
our case criteria are: temperature, ph, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity.
The second step in the AHP process is to derive the relative priorities (weights) for the criteria. Those relative priorities
are used for generating pairwise comparison matrix. The pairwise comparison matrix is mathematically expressed as:

A = [pqt ],

where pqt is the pairwise comparison matrix ranking for objective q and objective t. Saaty's nine-point rating scale, shown
in Table 3, was used for preparing the pairwise comparison matrix presented in Table 4.

FIGURE 2 Shrimp farm monitoring system decision hierarchy

T A B L E 3 Saaty's ratings scale

Scales Degree of preferences Explanation

1 Equally Two activities contribute equally

3 Moderately
5 Strongly
7 Very strongly
9 Extremely
2, 4, 6, 8 Intermediate values
Reciprocals Opposites
Experience and judgment slightly to
moderately favor one activity to another
Experience and judgment strongly or
essentially favor one activity over another
One activity is strongly favored over another
and its dominance is showed in practice
The evidence of favoring one activity over
another is of the highest degree possible of
an affirmation
Used to represent compromises between the
preferences weights 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9
Used for inverse comparisons
6 of 14 SALAH UDDIN et al.

T A B L E 4 Pairwise comparison matrix

Temp pH DO Sal Tur

Temp 1 3 4 2 3
pH 1∕3 1 4 1∕3 1∕3
DO 1∕4 1∕4 1 1∕4 1∕4
Sal 1∕2 3 4 1 3
Tur 1∕3 3 4 1∕3 1

T A B L E 5 Normalized matrix
Temp pH DO Sal Tur

Temp 0.415 0.293 0.235 0.512 0.396

pH 0.137 0.098 0.235 0.084 0.044
DO 0.104 0.024 0.059 0.064 0.033
Sal 0.207 0.293 0.235 0.256 0.396
Tur 0.137 0.293 0.235 0.084 0.132

T A B L E 6 Calculation of priorities: Row

Temp pH DO Sal Tur Priority
averages
Temp 0.415 0.293 0.235 0.512 0.396 0.370
pH 0.137 0.098 0.235 0.084 0.044 0.120
DO 0.104 0.024 0.059 0.064 0.033 0.057
Sal 0.207 0.293 0.235 0.256 0.396 0.227
Tur 0.137 0.293 0.235 0.084 0.132 0.176

T A B L E 7 Decision matrix with

Temp pH DO Sal Tur Weightage Rank
priorities
Temp 1.0 3.0 4.0 2.0 3.0 0.370 1
pH 0.33 1.0 4.0 0.33 0.33 0.120 4
DO 0.25 0.25 1.0 0.25 0.25 0.057 5
Sal 0.50 3.0 4.0 1.0 3.0 0.227 2
Tur 0.33 3.0 4.0 0.33 1.0 0.176 3

Then we calculate the overall weights or priorities of the criteria. The calculation requires the normalization of com-
parison matrix. The normalized matrix is listed in Table 5. The normalization has been done by dividing each cell value
with the sum of the corresponding column value (eg, for the temperature column: the column sum is, 2.41; dividing the
first cell of the temperature column by 2.41 gives, 0.414). The average value of each row, in normalized matrix, is the final
priorities of each criteria. Calculation of priorities and decision matrix with priorities are listed in Tables 6 and 7. The final
mathematical equation for determining the water quality score, based on decision matrix, is given in the Equation (1).

Watersuitability score = WaterTemperature × 0.370 + WaterpH × 0.120

+ WaterOxygen × 0.057 + WaterSalinity × 0.227 + WaterClearness × 0.176. (1)

3 DETA ILS DESCRIPTION O F COMPONENTS

At present Bangladesh is the seventh largest shrimp exporting country in the world. All the existing challenges need to be
overcome for holding this rank or position. This system has the ability to address all these challenges. The whole design
and implementation are elaborated throughout this section.
SALAH UDDIN et al. 7 of 14

3.1 Physical layer

The physical layer, also known as hardware layer, consists of several sensors along with a controller board. A brief
description of all required sensors are given bellow:

pH sensor: Acidity or alkalinity of a solution is measured by pH and pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. pH is used to
indicate the concentration of Hydrogen ions present in certain solutions. To quantify pH accurately, an electrical
conductivity-based sensor is used that measures the potential difference between two electrodes: a reference electrode
probe (silver/silver chloride) and a glass electrode that is sensitive for hydrogen ion. A complete electronics circuit
with other passive elements along with conductivity probe build the pH sensor. The measurement range of this sensor
is 0-14 pH with accuracy of ±0.1. The detail specification of pH level sensor which is used in this system is available
in Reference 16.
Salinity sensor: Salinity sensor is used for determining the salinity level of water. This sensor uses the electrical
conductivity properties for measuring the salinity level in ppt (parts per thousand). A well calibrated salinity mea-
surement sensor is used in this system is listed in Reference 17. The measurement range of salinity sensor is 0 to
50 ppt.
Dissolved oxygen sensor: Automobiles industries uses the dissolved oxygen sensor for oxygen concentration inside
engine's chambers. The sensor is also known as lambda sensor.18 Lambda sensor taken from automobile engines is
used in this system for dissolved oxygen measurement. The measurement range of lambda sensor is 0.00-20.00 ppm
with accuracy up to ±0.2%
Turbidity sensor: An infrared diode-based turbidity sensor19 is used here for measuring the clearness of the water.
Turbidity is measured in NTU: Nephelometric turbidity units (3 NTU = 1 mg/L).
Temperature sensor: A waterproof liquid temperature sensor20 is used for determining the temperature of the water.
The temperature sensor offers high accuracy (±0.5◦ C) over an operating range of about −10◦ C to +85◦ C.
Controlling unit: The processing unit comprises of the Arduino Yun development board. The purpose of the Arduino
Yun board is to gather the sensing information from the sensors, process them and finally send them to the cloud
layer. It is a middleware between cloud layer and the sensors. All the sensors are directly connected with the Arduino
Yun board through input or output pins. The input and output pins of Arduino Yun board are used for sensor data
collection. The Yun board uploads the collected data to the cloud layer through the Internet connectivity. All the data
are made available for the application layer once it is uploaded to the cloud by the Arduino Yun board. The Arduino
Yun21 is an embedded board consisting of the Atheros AR9331 microprocessor and the ATmega32u4 microcontroller.
Openwrt-based Linux distribution (Linio OS) is supported by the Atheros microprocessor. Arduino Yun board has
20 digital input/output pins, micro-SD card slot, built-in WiFi with Ethernet support, a USB-A port, a micro USB
connection and three reset buttons.

The prototype implementation physical device is shown in Figure 3. The figure also shows the schematic diagram of
the system.

3.2 Cloud layer

The cloud layer contains all the sensor data. It also includes data on the system's physical location and user profiles. It
provides data storage and manipulation of resources of farm monitoring system. The cloud database stores all the time
series data for supporting all the services required by users. This layer supports the application layer by providing range
of requested services including:

1. Report generation services from sensors data.

2. Ensuring standard quality level of water by analyzing the sensors data (Data analysis is discussed in Section 2.4).
3. Real-time sensor data visualization.
4. Historical data visualization.
5. Push notification-based messaging.
6. User authentication and validation.
8 of 14 SALAH UDDIN et al.

FIGURE 3 The proposed device for shrimp farm

monitoring

3.3 Application layer

The web application allows the user to access the monitoring services. A user is able to view all real-time data through
the web application. The application also provides additional services such as report generation based on date, month
and year, threshold level setup for sensors, setting the notification based on threshold, graphical visualization of water
quality, and so on.

4 DETA IL WO RKING OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

In the following section, the idea of real-time shrimp farm monitoring system has been explained in more detailed and
systematized way. In order to ensure healthy production levels of shrimp, continuous monitoring of the water quality is
crucial. The presence of various minerals and materials play a vital role for shrimp production. This system uses several
sensors for measuring the water quality. The quality measurement is done by performing the data analysis model elab-
orated in Section 2.4. The physical device performs the data collection and data transmission operation. The cloud layer
is responsible for data storing. Real-time data analysis is the additional task for cloud layer. This layer also provides on
demand data visualization and notification services.
The web application of the system collects the data from cloud layer. The web application shows the real-time data or
historical data by using various charts and gauges.
SALAH UDDIN et al. 9 of 14

T A B L E 8 The implementation cost of the proposed system

Components Cost in USD

Controlling unit 65.00

pH sensor 15.00
Temperature sensor 3.00
Salinity sensor 5.00
Turbidity sensor 5.00
Dissolved oxygen sensor 25.00
Power source (Battery) 5.00
Total 123.00

5 CO ST A NA LY S IS

Cost is not the main factor with respect to healthy production of shrimp. IoT-based systems are always cheaper compared
with other systems based on their (Asghari et al) analysis.22 The production cost of this system is listed in Table 8.
Little internet bandwidth is needed for data transmission between physical device and cloud layer. Zero maintenance
cost is applicable for this device and a protective shield is needed for device protection which cost around 5 to 8 US dollars.
The production cost will be reduced by seventy percent once industry level manufacturing begins. In the case of industry
level manufacturing, custom designed printed circuit board along with customized sensor fabrication will reduce the
cost. In addition, the mass production will helpful for cost reduction.23 Wholesale price, for all the components listed in
Table 8, are applicable for mass production.

6 SYSTEM T ESTING

The screenshots of the web application are shown in Figures 4-6, and 7. All the features of the farm monitoring system
are elaborated on those figures. The screenshot of the push notification-based alerting system is present in Figure 8.
The physical device was implemented in a shrimp gher/lake owned by a private company located in Mollahat upazila,
Bagerhat, Bangladesh. The data accumulated by this system was stored in a cloud database for further analysis. Dur-
ing the testing phase total 120 days data were collected. In this period, 4660 examples containing the estimations of

FIGURE 4 Main screenshot of the web application

10 of 14 SALAH UDDIN et al.

FIGURE 5 Real-time data dashboard

FIGURE 6 Historical data visualization dashboard

SALAH UDDIN et al. 11 of 14

FIGURE 7 The storage data bucket of the system

FIGURE 8 Alerting service of the system

all parameters considered by the monitoring system, such as, temperature, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, salinity
level of water, and so on, were gathered. From the gathered information collection, 520 examples were chosen relat-
ing to the periods from 4:00 to 4:30 and from 16:00 to 16:30. These periods were chosen since the shrimp culture
lake/gher ought to be checked toward the beginning of the day and in the evening to keep up the nature of water in an
ideal state.24
In order to justify the effectiveness of the monitoring system, the data obtained through this system were com-
pared with those obtained manually by the people in charge of monitoring the gher/lake for shrimp farming. The
comparison of results between manual system and the proposed monitoring is listed in the Table 9. As can be seen
12 of 14 SALAH UDDIN et al.

T A B L E 9 Comparison
Metric Average value manual Average value of proposed system Error(%)
results of manual and proposed
Temperature 27.2 26.8 1.47% system
pH level 5.10 5.19 1.76%
salinity (ppt) 17 16 5.88%
Dissolved oxygen 6.60 6.90 4.54%
Turbidity (%) 31 33 6.45%

The percent of error is determined by, Error = | Manual Measurement−Automated

Manual Measurement
Measurement
| × 100

T A B L E 10 Assessment criteria used for shrimp farming process

Criterion gher 1 gher 2

Shrimp length (cm) 9-12 8-10

Weight (g) 20 17
% survival 90 80-90

(based on the error analysis), there is no significant difference between the results of the proposed system and the
manual system.

6.1 Evaluation

The proposed monitoring system was implemented in the shrimp culture gher number 01 of a private shrimp farm in
Mollahat upazila, Bagerhat, Bangladesh during a complete shrimp farming process (120 days).7 In order to measure the
fruitfulness of this monitoring system, we compared the survival rate, weight and length of the shrimp cultivated in the
gher-01, with those cultured in the gher-02, which was manually monitored. The total area of each gher is approximately
1860 to 1870 square feet. Table 10 elaborates the results achieved, where it can be found that the shrimps cultivated
in gher-01 reached a larger size (9-12 cm) and weight (20 g) than those cultivated in the gher-02 (8-10 cm and 17 g,
respectively). It is essential to mention that the commercial weight of shrimp ranges from 10 to 20 g. This weight is reached
between 95 and 120 days after sowing.7,8

7 CO N C LU S I O N

This system was developed by considering the troubles and difficulties of shrimp farmers during the time of the farm-
ing process. Poor water is the main barrier of their troubles and difficulties. Due to poor water, shrimp farms are
getting affected by various diseases, which increased the mortality rate of shrimp; as a result farmers are facing finan-
cial losses and gradually losing their interest in shrimp farming. The proposed system is capable of measuring some
important quality factors of water, which are responsible for the deviation of water quality level. The most significant
advancements that are incorporated into this system are IoT, microcontroller-based physical devices, and web applica-
tions. The web application permits users or clients to monitor the shrimp farm from anywhere. The primary advantages
that our proposition is given to the shrimp farming process are: (1) shrimp mortality rate reduction; (2) disease pre-
vention by alerting the user about water score; and (3) improved production. On the other hand, the IoT technology
minimizes the implementation costs of this system. Thus, the proposed monitoring system is a feasible solution for
shrimp farmers.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors would like to express their gratitude to the owner and the farmers of shrimp farm located in Mollahat upazila,
Bagerhat, Bangladesh for their cooperation during the testing and evaluation phase. We also acknowledge Mr. Tanzin
Anik Kabir, Managing Director, Alambagh Complex, Badda, Dhaka for his helpful suggestions.
SALAH UDDIN et al. 13 of 14

PEER REVIEW INFORMATION

Engineering Reports thanks the anonymous reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare no conflicts of interest associated with the content of this article.

AU THOR CONTRIBUTIONS
This work was coordinated by M.S.U. as a principle investigator. System design and development was done by M.R. and
M.R.T. System testing and bugs fixing task were done by M.F.I.

FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
This work does not receive any financial support from anywhere.

ORCID
Mohammad Salah Uddin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4180-2355

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14 of 14 SALAH UDDIN et al.

AU THOR BIOGRAPHIES

Mohammad Salah Uddin is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science and
Engineering at the East West University Dhaka, Bangladesh. Prior to this he was working as a
researcher (Tradr—European project) in Sapienza University of Rome. After completing his B.Sc
in Computer Science and Engineering from East West University in 2012, he joined as a Lecturer
at Central Women's University, Bangladesh. In October 2013, he enrolled in Sapienza Univer-
sity of Rome, Italy to pursue his PhD Degree and received the PhD degree in Robotics in July
2017. His research mainly focuses on Heterogeneous Robotics system, Task planning/Allocation
for Multi-Robotics System, IoT-Robotics, Sensors and Systems, Embedded Systems, Internet of
Things, Computer Vision, and so on. He published several research articles in peer-reviewed conference/journal from
his research work. In 2018, He delivered a speech in Maker Faire Shenzhen 2018, as a forum speaker. He is a member
of IEEE Robotics and Automation Society as well as hold a IEEE professional membership. He has also some others
National and International membership.

Md. Fatin Istiaq received his B.Sc in Computer Science and Engineering from East West Uni-
versity, Dhaka, Bangladesh, in 2018. Currently, he is a Software Engineer at Human Resocia Co.
Ltd Tokyo, Japan. He is a member of IEEE and IACSIT. His research interests include sensors,
internet of things, embedded systems.

Mohd. Rasadin received his B.Sc in Computer Science and Engineering from East West Uni-
versity, Dhaka, Bangladesh, in 2018. He was a Software Engineer at naztech.io. Currently, he
is a Software Development Engineer at Bit Mascot Ltd, Dhaka, Bangladesh. He is a member of
IEEE and IACSIT. His research interests include internet of things, embedded systems, Software
Engineering.

Md. Ruhel Talukder received his B.Sc in Computer Science and Engineering from East West
University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, in 2018. Currently, he is working as a IT Executive at IT Opera-
tions Department of Daraz (BD) Ltd. He is a member of IEEE and IACSIT. His research interests
include internet of things, embedded systems, and Software Engineering.

How to cite this article: Salah Uddin M, Fatin Istiaq M, Rasadin M, Ruhel Talukder M. Freshwater shrimp
farm monitoring system for Bangladesh based on internet of things. Engineering Reports. 2020;2:e12184.
https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.12184