PHILOSOPHY TABLE: A SUMMARY

PHILOSOPHICAL Theory of World/Reality Theory of Human Person (Mind and Body) Ethical purpose of person
SYSTEM

Hinduism Unchanging Reality of Brahman; Universe is God or Every person is part of Brahman. Soul is divine since it has God in it. Either human rebirths/reincarnates again and again (Samsara )
Brahman. Everything is part of this One Reality of God or achieves moral living (dharma) + stages of good life
Brahman. (ahramas) + good deeds (karma) + self and social-moral enlightenment (yoga) = liberation/Oneness
with Brahma (moksha)

Buddhism Life is full of Suffering; life is momentary, meaningless Human is matter and mind. Human suffers because of desire; her existence can have Four Noble Truths (Life is full of Suffering; Desire causes suffering; Release ourselves from
(anica and anatta doctrine). meaning through Four Noble Truths and Nirvana suffering; Noble Eightfold Path) + Good Karma (doing good things) = Nirvana (happiness of
existence)

Confucianism Social stability and harmony is what is best for Humanity. All human persons are equal and potential for good education. Every person is good Become a noble or superior human. This is thru social stability and harmony through learning
because of inherent virtues. virtues (wisdom, righteousness, modesty and human-heartedness) and people practicing good
relationships.

Taoism Behind the Universe is the Tao. Tao is The Way, The Unity. Human is part of Nature. Everything that happens is according to Nature's Tao. Human must live according to Wu wei or non-action. Little action or no action at all means peace.
Everything happens according to Tao principle. Human must live in accordance with Nature or Tao for peace of mind. Human should passively
receive the life events as they are part of Nature's design or Tao.

Plato Physical World is just a reflection of the True World--The Human is different from animal because of soul having divine reason upon entering the Human must aim Justice. Justice can be achieved by knowing and mastering your soul. Justice is
World of Forms or Ideas. This World exists outside the body; Soul is towards perfection and body is a prison for the soul. Soul has three parts: when people do good things according to reason. Human must perfect their soul. Perfect soul is
realm of physical world. reason (head), spirit (chest) and appetite (abdomen). when Reason rules over Spirit and Appetite.

Aristotle The World is Matter or Nature. Nature or World has its
own design or plan. Every part of world has its own
function or purpose.
St. Thomas Aquinas God created the World out of Nothing. God is the Most
Perfect Being. God is the Primary Cause of Universe, i.e.
God is a Creator and Designer of Everything existing.
Rational (use of reason) soul makes us human being and also superior over other Moderation is virtue. Human must live according to virtues. Human must live in moderation. The
beings (animals, plants, rocks). goal of a human person is happines, that is, developing the holistic aspect of the self through self-
realization and help of society (politics).
God is source of Being. In Great Chain of Being, there is a hierarchy of beings where Living morally virtuous towards happines is goal of human being. The goal of a human person is
God is the highest Being. This is the order of being according to Aquinas (Being God is happines, that is, developing the holistic aspect of the self towards union with God.
the Highest): God, angels, demons, Human, woman, plants, minerals.

Judeo-Christian World and human were created by God because of Love. Human is separated from God because of original sin and sins of free will. Suffering Human has soul that needs to be saved. Salvation comes from believing in God and living according
exists because of sin. to God's Law. Humans must love their neighbor as they love God.

Existentialism World has no inherent meaning. Meaning, God, Reality, Human has to make the meaning because the world itself is meaningless. Human is Human is condemned to be free. We do not have any other choice but to choose. Authentic or
Faith, Hope are what we (should) make on our own out of thrown in this world to situations she did not choose to be in. Human suffers because true life is through exercising freedom and choices; decisions should reflect Humankind's
this senseless/absurd world. of world's meaninglessness and the fact that she has to choose no matter what. aspirations at least. What human can expect is the consequences of their choices as a kind.
Human has freedom to choose. Decisions will make a person's destiny.
Marxism World is product of Human's collective effort. World is Men can unlock their utmost potential if condition of society is conducive and Changing society through revolutionizing cultural, political, and economic system will make a more
understood through condition of society. World and sustainable to their needs. Powerlessness, poverty, inequality, and other conflicts and just and more humane society. Individuals should see their role on making a better social
society are interdependent to one another. Under social problems are product of structures created by people of Power and Wealth. But conditions, i.e. social justice. Human persons should care and look after their own kind.
oppressive/unfair system of society, men are men tranform the world through transforming their society by a systemic change.
dehumanized, exploited, and alienated.Society has
conflicts (poor vs. rich; capitalists vs. workers) but can be
transformed into better one through people's action.