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  • Δ (strong field) > Δ (weak field) : Some rules of thumb about the magnitude of

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    Afrah M
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    The document discusses the strength of the crystal field, which can vary from strong to weak depending on the metal ion's charge and the nature of the ligand. Ligands and metal ions can be ordered in a spectrochemical series based on their increasing ability to stabilize electron configurations. The crystal field strength increases with higher metal ion oxidation states and down metal groups, due to smaller ion sizes and more compact 3d orbitals respectively, leading to stronger metal-ligand interactions. Tetrahedral complexes tend to favor high spin while octahedral complexes require a first row transition metal to be high spin.

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    The document discusses the strength of the crystal field, which can vary from strong to weak depending on the metal ion's charge and the nature of the ligand. Ligands and metal ions can be ordered in a spectrochemical series based on their increasing ability to stabilize electron configurations. The crystal field strength increases with higher metal ion oxidation states and down metal groups, due to smaller ion sizes and more compact 3d orbitals respectively, leading to stronger metal-ligand interactions. Tetrahedral complexes tend to favor high spin while octahedral complexes require a first row transition metal to be high spin.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    2 views1 page

    Δ (strong field) > Δ (weak field) : Some rules of thumb about the magnitude of

    Uploaded by

    Afrah M
    The document discusses the strength of the crystal field, which can vary from strong to weak depending on the metal ion's charge and the nature of the ligand. Ligands and metal ions can be ordered in a spectrochemical series based on their increasing ability to stabilize electron configurations. The crystal field strength increases with higher metal ion oxidation states and down metal groups, due to smaller ion sizes and more compact 3d orbitals respectively, leading to stronger metal-ligand interactions. Tetrahedral complexes tend to favor high spin while octahedral complexes require a first row transition metal to be high spin.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Depending on the charge (or oxidation state) and nature of metal ion (or metal)

    and ligand, the strength of the crystal field may be varied from strong to weak.
    Δ (strong field) > Δ (weak field)

    It is possible to list ligands or metal ions in order of increasing field strength in


    a " spectrochemical series " .

    i) Spectrochemical series for ligands

    ii) Spectrochemical series for metal ions

    The value of increases with increasing oxidation number of the central


    metal ion. The variation of oxidation number reflects the smaller size of more
    highly charged ions and consequently shorter metal-ligand distances and
    stronger interaction energies. The value of increases down the group. This
    reflects the larger size of the 4d and 5d orbitals compared with
    the compact 3d orbitals and the consequent stronger interaction of the ligands.

    Some rules of thumb about the magnitude of Δ:

     Tetrahedral complexes tend to be high spin

     Octahedral complexes will be high spinonly if

     first row transition metal (3d), AND

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