U, LEXICO-GRAMMAR Part 1. For questions 26-39, choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to each of the following questions. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. 26. Itis almost impossible for anything to grow in such a landscape. A. barren B. desolate Tgamy D. mundane 27. Many people suspect that the president of the company has ‘A. a hiding agenda B. an agenda tohide —C. an agendahiding —_—D. a hidden agenda 28. Over half of the population of this earthquake-stricken area are living A.on the house B. onthe tenterhooks C. on the breadlineé_D. on the cards 29, The police eventually found the murder weapon alter a five-day search of the field A. vigilant B. painstaking C. vigorous D. circumspect 30, This reality TV program aims at young __ businesspeople with feasible start-up plans, A out and about B. up and coming . down and out D. in and out 31. It's unlikely that two students would write identical compositions without ‘A. one who copies the other B. one copying from the other . one to copy the other's D. each other's copying 32, Her parents were thrilled to ‘when they found out she had passed the exam with flying colours. A. shreds 5 heaven C. bits D. goodness 33, People should refrain from talking while hanging out with friends. A. store B. shop C. treasure D. trash 34. Lam so sorry for leaving your name off this list. It was done AA. incongruously B. vehemently C. inadvertently D. graciously 35. The office staff have to deal with the after one-week closure for refurbishment. A. backstage B. backlash C. backdrop . backlog 36. The child's ‘questions were beginning to get on her nerves. A. consistent B. recurrent C. persistent D. pertinent 37. The whole country is up in ‘about the new tax the government has imposed on books, A rage B fists C. anger D. arms 38 The collapse of the company will have for the whole industry A repetitions B. repercussions C. reflections D. reformations 39. The lawyers hoped for a quick settlement but the case for months. ‘A dawned on B. brought on CTlingered on D. dragged on Your answers — (26. [27 88. [ 32. Ga Ta: 35. 36_ 39. - Part 2. For questions 40-45, write the correct form of each bracketed word in the numbered space provided in the column on the right. 0 has been done as an example | Your answers Tourism is now among the world's most important industries, (0. GENERATE) | 0. generating jobs and profits worth billions of pounds. At the same time, however, mass tourism can have dire effects on the people and places it embraces - both tourists and the societies and human environments they visit, We are increasingly familiar with some of the worst effects of unthinking, (40. MANAGE) ._ unsustainable tourism: previously undeveloped coastal villages that ave become sprawling, charmless towns, their seas poisoned by sewage, of sunscream. Historic towns, their streets, now choked with traffic, their ‘temples, churches and cathedrals (42. SEEM) reduced to a backdrop for | holiday snaps that proclaim, ‘Been there, Done that’. Some of the world's richest environments bruised by the tourist (43. SLAUGHT) , their most | 43. distinctive wildlife driven to near-extinction, with wider environmental impacts caused by the fuel-hungry transport systems used to take holidaying travellers around the world and back again. Less appreciated, perhaps, is the social (44, LOCATE) unsustainable | 44, tourism can cause: once-cohesive communities disrupted as the holiday industry replaces old craffs, turning fishermen into tour boat operators, farmers into fast- | food store waiters or hotel cleaners. Even the tourists are affected, the most placid and tolerant of us becoming short-tempered and (45. EXPLOIT) | 4s. All too often, clutching our soon-to-be-discarded souvenirs and cursing late flights and anybody who doesn't speak our language, we arrive home muttering ‘Alter that, | need a holiday!" 40. a 42. Page 3 of 12 pages | Gs|, READING Part 1. For questions 46-50, read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C, or D best fits each gap. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. Tigers may be (46), extinction in India, China and Siberia, but in the US, they have found a new lease of life ~ after a fashion. More than 12,000 are kept as pets — double the number thought to exist in the wild, The craze persists in spite of concern among politicians and animal welfare groups. Various reputable ‘organisations promote ownership of endangered species. Prices are not particularly (47), $1,000 for a generic cub, $3,500 for a pair of Bengal tigers. The private trade originated in zoos. Tiger cubs (48) 80 popular with the public that zoos started breeding more than they needed and sold the surplus to private breeders, The US Endangered Species Acts of 1973 outlaws the taking of endangered animals from the wild, but does not (49), what happens to the offspring of animals captured before the law was passed Many owners believe they are saving an endangered species. But their cubs have no (50), among id tigers. They are a mixture of say, Sumatran, Siberian, and Bengal tigers, which would not survive in the wild. 3 46. A, faced 8. facing ©. experienced D. experiencing 47. A. forbidding B. prohibitive C. impossible D. restraining 48.A. indicated B. demonstrated © shown D. proved 49. A. rule B. conduct C. systematise D. regulate 50. A. equivalent B. similarity C. substitute D. equality Youranswers a _ _ _ [46 ar. 48 [49 50. J Part 2. For questions 51-60, fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable word. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. JARGON Jargon is a loaded word. One dictionary (61) it neatly and neutrally, as “the technical vocabulary or idiom of a special activity or group", but this sense is almost completely overshadowed by (52), “obscure and often pretentious language marked by a roundabout way of expression and use of long Words, For most people, itis the (53)___ sense which is at the front of their minds when they think about jargon. Jargon is said to be bad use of fanguage, something to be avoided at all (54) ‘No one ever describes it in positive terms. Nor does one usually admit to using it (55). the myth is that jargon is something only “other” people employ. The (56) however, is that everyone uses jargon. It is an essential part of the network of occupations. land pursuits that make (57) society. All jobs present an element of jargon, which workers leam as they develop their expertise. All hobbies require mastery of a jargon. Each society grouping has (58), jargon. ‘The phenomenon (59) ut to be universal and valuable. It is the jargon element which, in a job, can promote economy and precision of expression, and thus help make life easier for workers. It is also the chief linguistic (60), which shows professional awareness and social togetherness. Your answers _ _ {5 [s2 je 54 [56 [sr ss Part 3. For questions 61-73, read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. ‘THE KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY A century ago, the overwhelming majority of people in developed countries worked with their hands: on farms, in domestic service, in small craft shops and in factories. There was not even a word for people who made their living other than by manual work. These days, the fastest-growing group in the developed world are “knowledge workers" — people whose jobs require formal and advanced schooling ‘At present, this term is widely used to describe people with considerable theoretical knowledge and learning: doctors, lawyers, teachers, accountants, chemical engineers. But the most striking growth in the coming years will be in “knowledge technologists”: computer technicians, software designers, analysts in clinical labs, manufacturing technologists, and so on. These people are as much manual workers as they are knowledge workers; in fact, they usually spend far more time working with their hands than with their brains. But their manual work is based on a substantial amount of theoretical knowledge which can be acquired only through formal education. They are not, as a rule, much better paid than traditional skilled workers, but they see themselves as professionals, Just as unskilled manual workers in manufacturing were the dominant Page 4 of 12 pagessocial and politcal force in the twentieth century, knowledge technologists are likely to become the dominant social - and perhaps also politcal - force over the next decades. ‘Such workers have two main needs: formal education that enables them to enter knowledge work in the first Place, and continuing education throughout their working lives to keep their knowledge up to date. For the ‘old high-knowiedge professionals such as doctors, clerics and lawyers, formal education has been available for many centuries. But for knowledge technologists, only a few countries so far provide systematic and organised preparation. Over the next few decades, educational institutions to prepare knowledge technologists will grow rapidly in all developed and emerging countries, just as new institutions to meet new Fequirements have always appeared in the past. What is different this time is the need for the continuing education of already well-trained and highly knowiedgeable adults. Schooling traditionally stopped when work began. In the knowledge society it never stops. Continuing education of already highly educated adults will therefore become a big growth area in the ‘next society. But most of it wll be delivered in non-traditional ways, ranging from weekend seminars to online training programmes, and in any number of places, from a traditional university to the student's home. The information revolution, which is expected to have an enormous impact on education and on traditional schools and universities, will probably have an even greater effect on the continuing education of knowledge workers, allowing knowledge to spread near-instantly, and making it accessible to everyone. All this has implications for the role of women in the labour force. Although women have always worked, since time immemorial the jobs they have done have been different from men's. Knowledge work, on the other hand, is “unisex’, not because of feminist pressure, but because it can be done equally well by both sexes. Knowledge workers, whatever their sex, are professionals, applying the same knowledge, doing the ‘same work, governed by the same standards and judged by the same results. The knowledge society is the first human society where upward mobility is potentially unlimited. Knowledge differs from all other means of production in that it cannot be inherited or bequeathed from one generation to another. It has to be acquired anew by every individual, and everyone starts out with the same total ignorance. And nowadays it is assumed that everybody will be a "success" — an idea that would have Seemed ludicrous to earlier generations. Naturally, only a tiny number of people can reach outstanding levels of achievement, but a very large number of people assume they will reach adequate levels. ‘The upward mobility of the knowledge society, however, comes at a high price: the psychological pressures ‘and emotional traumas of the rat race. Schoolchildren in some countries may suffer sleep deprivation because they spend their evenings at a crammer to help them pass their exams. Otherwise they will not get into the prestige university of their choice, and thus into a good job. In many different parts of the world, ‘schools are becoming viciously competitive. That this has happened over such a short time — no more than 30 or 40 years ~ indicates how much the fear of failure has already permeated the knowledge society. Given this competitive struggle, a growing number of highly successful knowledge workers of both sexes — business managers, university teachers, museum directors, doctors — “plateaur in their 40s. They know they have achieved all they will achieve. If their work is all they have, they are in trouble. Knowledge workers therefore need to develop, preferably while they are still young, a non-competitive life and community of their ‘own, and some serious outside interest be it working as a volunteer in the community, playing in a local orchestra and taking an active part in a small town’s local government. This outside interest will give them the opportunity for personal contribution and achievement Questions 61-65: Choose the correct answer A, B, C or D. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. 61. According to the writer, a hundred years ago in the developed world, manual workers. ‘A were mainly located in rural areas B. were not provided with sufficient education . were the largest single group of workers D. were the fastest growing group in society 62. The writer suggests that the most significant difference between knowledge technologists and manual workers is AA their educational background B. the pay they can expect C. their skill with their hands D. their attitudes to society 63, The writer predicts that in the coming years, knowledge technologists A. will have access to the same educational facies as professional people B. will have more employment opportunities in educational institutions C. will require increasing mobility in order to find suitable education D. will be provided with appropriate education for their needs 64. According to the writer, the most important change in education this century will be ‘A the way in which people learn B. the sorts of things people learn about C. the use people make of their education —_. the type of people who provide education Page 5 of 12 pages i65. The writer says that changes in women's roles__ ‘A mean women are now judged by higher standards B. have led to greater equality with men in the workplace C. are allowing women to use their traditional skills in new ways D. may allow women to out-perform men for the first time Your answers _ [et @ a a ©. Questions 66-73: Complete the following statements using no more than TWO words taken from the passage for each blank. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. 66. Inthe knowledge society, there is almost no end to__. 87. This kind of society emphasizes on individual acquisition of knowledge at the entry level of, 68, In the past, people would find the assumption that each individual can reach a cerlain level of achievement 69. Success in the comes at the expense of people's mental and emotional wellbeing, 70, Many students burn the midnight oil, working at for fear of failure in exams. 74. Obsession with academic success has the whole society to such an extent that competition ‘among educational institutions worldwide is becoming more and more intense. 72. Competitive as the struggle may be, an increasing number of successful knowledge workers tend to ‘when they reach their middle-age. 73. iti advisable that successful knowledge workers take up some genuine for greater personal development. Your answers _ _ _ 66 67. ee [s ] 70. MH | 73. Part 4, For questions 74-80, read the following passage. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the passage. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap. There is ONE extra Paragraph which you do not need to use. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. AGAINST THE GRAIN The fate of the rainforests is in our hands. Experts in tropical timber have concluded that developing Countries lack either the will or the wherewithal to stop the onslaught which sees an area of rainforest the size of England destroyed each year. 74 | — = _ But as I discovered in a building project at my own home, putting conservation principles Info practice is far from easy. For the past five months, my family has been enduring the misery that comes with the construction of a kitchen extension. When all the work is finished we will have a stylish modern space built with minimal environmental impact. The lightweight construction has highly-insulated walls and glazing which passes the eco-test; but i fails with the timber. {75 — ~ - - ] The top timber certificate comes from the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), which claims to ensure that the timber has been cut in a way that protects the environment and safeguards the conditions of workers, | Clicked on their website and searched for patio doors. No mention of them. | phoned the main office and was referred back to the website. | phoned listed FSC timber merchants at random. There are very few of them. One told me that he could not inform me about FSC timber without knowing the joinery specification. The joiner said he could not specify sizes without knowing the qualities of the timber. 76 | ] |'made an instant decision to put my faith in another FSC merchant, who assured me that some nice South ‘American wood was being delivered that should fit the bill, But my brother warned that this particular timber was so olly that any paint applied to it would simply peel off. 77 oo — chose softwood doors which would, | assumed, be made from Scandinavian timber. A month later a set of honey-coloured doors arrived. They seemed very hard for a softwood. The technical chap from the supplier explained that they used the term ‘softwood’ to mean wood that wasn't the red colour people associated with hardwoods. [78] = nanan = a} As | sat in my new extension pondering my wasted effor, | stared at the walls and realised that | had ignored a far greater problem — the ply panels which line the walls and ceiling are made from tropical hardwood. They are not certified either and probably come from trees iliegally cut. Page 6 of 12 pages ¢79] _ | The department is trying to persuade a government body to take part ina pilot project with FSO timber, but it cannot find a volunteer. Government green procurement guidelines are said by consultants to be lax and open to abuse. Big refurbishments are under way at the Ministry of Defence, but these appear to have specified European wood ~ a policy which avoids controversy but does nothing for the sort of sustainable ‘iopical forestry that the deveiopment department has been anxious to promote, - {eo [ _ Environmentalists say that councils wil have to move more quickly on the fssue if they are fo relledt the ‘concerns of their voters that action should be taken to preserve the rainforests — before itis too late. ‘A The winter chill was setting in and our sneezing three-year-old had begun to ask about the sheet of plastic hanging where the kitchen door should be. | abandoned the idea of certified hardwood and picked up a catalogue from a worldwide joinery supplier. The company's environmental statement promises that care is taken of the environment wherever possible. B Time was ticking on the building schedule. Another timber merchant from the list told me he had stopped selling FSC timber because no one would buy it, even though he fad priced it at the same level as regular timber, Builders did not recognise the types of wood in the yard, and architects had not specified it © The tiny impact on rainforests of my kitchen extension is being replicated millions of times over across the developed world. The government says it is taking a lead in insisting that public buildings use wood from sustainable sources, but research by the environment department has failed to find any evidence that the policy is being carried out. D The living room had posed fewer problems when, four years ago, we decided to redecorate it and Teplace the door that leads out into the side garden. It was easy to find wood in a shade which was in keeping with the rest of the house and the colour scheme we chose for the walls turned out to be a very wise choice, E In a significant step towards helping the department do this, the Royal Institute for British Architects has committed itself to taking forest conservation seriously. But, even so, the hoardings that clad building sites are often ignored in the architects’ and planners’ specifications and come from unsustainable forests. Local authorities are also major buyers of timber, but a survey last ‘week showed that only 27% of councils have a policy on sustainable wood. F My attention was focused on finding a set of patio doors that did not involve any rainforest destruction. My builder brother told me that, ideally, the doors should be made out of hardwood which would not twist or swell. Local oak is out of my price-range, so | resolved to buy doors made from wood certified as being from a sustainably-managed forest. G The doors transpire to be wawa, a hardwood from Ghana. They are not independently certified. A ‘spokesman for the company said that although some of their products contain certified timber, ‘Supplies are too erratic to commit their entire manufacturing process to certified wood. H The only hope, say conservationists, lies with the purchasing power of the rich countries in the north. If we insist on timber that is sustainable harvested it will put pressure on the loggers to ply their trade with greater care. Western governments must act much more swiftly. So must local government and business. Your answers 74. Lz. 76. [7 eT Part 5, For questions 81-95, read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. ‘A. Hunger is a powerful thing, but how many times have you reached for @ quick snack, only to regret it ‘when it's lying heavily in your stomach? Just as your standards for food quality can slip when your stomach is empty, so you should avoid engaging in argument or doing battle with sales people when your mental batteries are running low. Conversely, if you're trying to be persuasive, strike when your target is running low on mental energy. Edward Burkley of Oklahoma State University in Stillwater studied the impact of cognitive exhaustion on the resistance levels of 78 students. The plan was to try to convince them to accept one month's summer holiday, instead of three. Half the students came to the study fresh. But the other haf first had to complete a self-control task in which they wrote down all thoughts that came to their head while suppressing any thoughts about the white bear. This task, Burkley argued, would use up some of their reverses of self-control. He found that the students who had performed the white bear task were less resistant to the idea of giving up two months of holiday. Page 7 of 12 pagesB.. In this fast-paced world, we seldom have time for face-to-face meetings. Rosana Guadagno of the University of Alabama and Robert Cialdini of Arizona State University have been comparing the persuasive Power of online communication with face-to-face meetings. Ina study published in 2002, Guadagno and Cialdini had a group of students discuss the introduction of new exams. The group was split into same-sex couples. Unbeknown to the subjects, each pair included an accomplice of the experimenters whose role was to provide arguments in favour of the idea. Half the discussion took place in an online chatroom, the other half sat face-to-face. While overall men rated the proposals similarly whether they participated in the electronic or face-to-face Sessions, women in face-to-face sessions rated them more highly than those who only took part online. Guadagno and Cialdini suggest this is because groups of women tend to form communal bonds and reach agreement, Electronic communication disrupts the exchange of social cues women use to establish a ‘communal bond and is therefore less conducive to persuasion. ‘On the other hand, groups of men typically try to establish their competence and independence, which can ead to competitive encounters. When two men who have not met before debate a point, online interaction is about as persuasive as face-to-face, But if they have met and had a competitive exchange, subsequent face-to-face meetings are less productive, whereas online exchanges fare far better. So while online ‘communication can prevent women “connecting’, it can help men suppress competitive urges that hamper persuasion C. it was midnight when the knock came at the door. It was “Paul, a ‘neighbor’, who'd ‘just moved in. He poke nonstop, without pause or hesitation, detailing a problem with a truck that had run out of gas and his ‘need for $20, which he would, of course, return first thing in the morning, Later, Kurt often looked back and wondered just how it was he got taken in so easily. ‘Paul’ was a master of his craft. Kurt later learnt that four other people on the street had also been taken in by the con. Maybe we shouldn't be S0 surprised when things like this happen. Persuasion, it turns out, may have as ‘much to do with how you say something as what you're saying. And the less time you're allowed to think about the content, the more the style of delivery matters. At least, those are the findings of two marketing professors who decided to tease style and substance apart John Sparks at the University of Dayton in Ohio and Charles Areni at the University of Sydney, Australia, asked 118 undergraduates to read a transcript ofa testimonial about a scanner. In one version, the speaker Used hesitations like “| mean” and “ummm": in the other, he used none. They also gave half the students enough time to read it thoroughly, while the others got just 20 seconds, to see how limiting @ person's Understanding of the substance would alter the persuasiveness of the style. The researchers found that in both version style was important. When hesitant language was used, people were less easily convinced that this was a scanner worth buying ~ even when it was a better scanner at a lower price. Style was especially important, the researchers found, when time was limited. “If you can't pay attention to what the speaker is saying,” Spark says, "you pay attention to how they say it D. Angering people may seem ike an odd way to go about persuading them, but according to Monique Mitchell Turner, @ communications professor at the University of Maryland, College Park, it is seriously underrated as a tool of persuasion Much study has gone into how emotions aid persuasion. The best known and most studied is fear. it serves well in campaigns that try to steer you clear of certain activities, ike smoking. But fear doesn't always work, says Tumer, and over time, people become more resistant to scare tactics. The same applies to guit it ean be effective (think of maternal guilt), but not once peaple clue into the fact that they're being manipulated, Worse, ithas to be carefully calibrated: too much anc people resist. “We don't want people telling us we're bad people,” says Turner. Anger Is different. For one thing, i's focused on someone else's misdeeds, not your own. Also, its a very ultitarian emotion, she says, usually in response to 2 perceived injustice. “Anger makes people fec! empowered,” Tumer says. There has been a long debate, she says, about whether anger can be Constructively harnessed. In studying groups that emipioy anger as a tactic - most notably animal rights ‘groups such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, as well as environment organizations and even political campaigns ~ she has found that, given the right conditions, it can, First, people have to be convinced that the issue is relevant to them, that it affects them or their children or their community. At that point, says Tuer, you need to hammer home what's wrong with the world as its. Once you have got people roiled up, you can offer them a way to remedy the situation For questions 81-90, choose from the sections A-D. The sections may be chosen more than ONCE. Write your answers in the space provided in the column on the right. in which section are the following suggested? Your answers 81. the means of communication affects how easily someone can be persuaded. 82. a positive, confident attitude helps increase one's persuasiveness. 83. certain tactics fall once targets see through the underlying intention, 84, holding someone in low esteem is not an effective means of persuasion, Page 8 of 12 pages i85. people embittered by unfaimess or inequality can be manipulated. 86. getting the target to carry out tasks requiting cognitive skills before starting the persuasion is effective. 87. a sense of urgency should be instilled in the target’s mind, 88, there are fundamental gender differences in communication among members of the same sex. 89. conftontation should be avoided when people suffer from fatigue. 90. the ability to remain calm plays a major role in how susceptible someone is to persuasion Questions 91-95: Read the following summary of the passage. Choose the correct letter that indicates the best answer to fill in each blank. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. There are certain secrets of the (91). The first one is (92). which means it is the way in which the message is conveyed that counts rather than the message itself, The forms of communication also play a role in that genders and (93), (online vs. face-to-face) can determine the effectiveness of persuasion. In addition, (94), the level at which one is mentally alert, is of equal importance. Lastly, different feelings may (95). the degrees of success at which one particular persuasion strategy achieve. ‘A. verbal communication B. codes of conduct . intellectual capacity D. cognitive power E, correlate with F. science of persuasion G. depend on H. myths of persuasion |. modes of interaction Jaa Ke eyetom of dedvery Le methode of devery beclaborate on ae Your ansi _ _ - 31. _— [sa ~ 86. — 1V. WRITING Part 1. Read the following extract and use your own words to summarise it. Your summary should be between 100 and 120 words long. Scientists have identified two ways in which species disappear. The first is thought ordinary or background” extinctions, where species that fail to adapt are siowly replaced by more adaptable life forms. The second is when large numbers of species go to the wall in relatively short periods of biological time. There have been five such extinctions, each provoked by cataclysmic evolutionary events caused by some geological eruption, climate shift, or space junk siamming into the earth. Scientists now believe that another mass extinction of species is currently under way — and this time human fingerprints are on the trigger. How are we doing it? Simply by demanding more and more space for ourselves. In our assault on the ecosystems around us we have used a number of tools, from spear and gun to bulldozer and chainsaw. Certain especially rich ecosystems have proved the most vulnerable. In Hawaii more than half of the native birds are now gone ~ some 50 species. Such carnage has taken place all across the island communities of the Pacific and Indian oceans. While many species were hunted to extinction, other simply succumbed to the “introduced predators” that humans brought with them: the cat, the dog, the pig, and the rat Today the tempo of extinction is picking up speed. Hunting is no longer the major culprit, although rare birds and animals continue to be butchered for their skin, feathers, and internal organs, or taken as cage pets. Today the main threat comes from the destruction of the habitat that wild plants, animals and insects need to survive. The draining and damming of wetland and river courses threatens the aquatic food chain and our ‘own seafood industry. Overfishing and the destruction of fragile coral reefs destroy ocean biodiversity. Deforestation is taking a staggering toll, particularly in the tropics where the most global biodiversity is at stake. The shrinking rainforest cover of the Congo and Amazon River basins and such places as Borneo and Madagascar have a wealth of species per hectare existing nowhere else. As those precious hectares are drowned or turned into arid pasture and cropland, such species disappear forever. Page 9 of 12 pagesPart 2. The charts below show information on the frequency of students experiencing bullying from 2014 to 2016 and types of bullying behaviours in Fancyland, . Describe the information in the charts and make comparisons where relevant. You should write about 150 words. Frequency of Experiencing Bullying | |BLower Secondary School [i -| ‘super Secon Scoot / | L | 2011 2012-2013 2014-2015 2016, Percentage (%) ssseg H es | ‘Types of Bullying Behaviours Lower Secondary School ‘Upper Secondary Schoo! Percentage (%) oaSa8Rsssas | L Physical Verbal Cyber Boycotting Bullying Page 10 of 12 pagesPart 3. Write an essay of 350 words on the following topic: In the age of globalisation, access to the Internet and the media provides instant contact with many Cultures. Young people’s cultural identity may be influenced by certain aspects of other cultures. Discuss this statement. What do you think young Vietnamese people should do to maintain our cultural identity in today's society? Give reasons and specific examples to support your opinion(s). Page 11 of 12 pagesPage 12 of 12 pages