Top 5 Ways Writers Screw Up Their

Characters
By Lucy V Hay

So, you’ve been given the feedback:

“We need to care more about your characters.”

Immediate RED FLAG!!!

This is a useless piece of feedback. Put whomever gave it to you on the naughty step
RIGHT NOW and join me children in examining why this feedback sucks big time …

… First off: okay, okay, the feedback-giver *means* well. And yes, just like “Show
It, Don’t Tell It”, this advice probably started off good stuff. BUT I put it to you “we
need to care more about your characters” creates waaaay more problems in drafts
than it solves.

Why?
Because writers end up spending SO LONG trying to make us “care” (WTF does that
really mean anyway?), they end up shooting themselves in the foot story-wise. Yet
great characters are part of great STORIES. This means the two are inextricably
linked. So when writers get that ubiquitous, but crappy note “we need to care more
about your characters”, they inevitably start focusing on character AT THE
EXPENSE of plotting and story.

YARGH!

So here are my top 5 ways Writers screw up their characters, thus their story:

5) … They introduce their characters badly. Whether screenplay or novel, your

character needs to be introduced in an interesting and dramatic way.  When we meet
your character for the first time – especially your protagonist – s/he should be
preferably DOING something that:

a) Tells us *something* about him/her in terms of personality

b) Gives us a sense of the storyworld/the tone

c) Gives us *some clue* or indicator about the situation at hand

Yet too often we meet characters waking up, getting ready for the day ahead and/or
eating breakfast; coming down the stairs or from another room (usually when
someone yells for them); sitting in cafes or restaurants musing; or sitting in their
bedrooms doing the same. LE YAWN.

This is nearly always because writers mistakenly believe that seeing a character in
their home environment (or similar) makes us “care” about them. IT DOESN’T. It’s
just dull!

Remember, readers make all kinds of assumptions not only from your very first page,
but from your opening image too! Make sure you introduce your characters in ways
we don’t see all the time to stand your best chances in the marketplace. Read more:
How To Introduce A Character.

4) … They put too much tragic back story “up front”. This is an issue that seems
primarily a screenwriting-related problem. I loved the following dialogue in the
brilliant WRECK-IT RALPH, which I watched recently with my Wee Girls. For
context, Ralph, a character from a platform-esque computer game, finds himself at
one point “inside” a Call of Duty-style military game, under the orders of Calhoun, a
hard-ass female sergeant:

RALPH: Jeez, she’s kinda intense, huh?

SOLDIER: It’s not her fault. She’s programmed with the most tragic backstory
EVER.

In comparison to WRECK IT RALPH then, scribes DON’T play the notion of a tragic
back story up front for laughs. Instead, the reader will have to wade through stories of
child abuse; adoption/rejection; rape; bereavement; self harm and recriminations – all
before the actual main story gets going. More often than not, this will mean going
through an acre of flashback before the situation in hand kicks off, though sometimes
there will be various arguments and/or a funeral, or even ALL OF THIS (yikes!).

Yet these huuuuuuuuge adverse life events are massive; to make them blithely
“character building” feels like a slap in the face for the characters. Not convinced?
Think about it:

“Oh my character has to deal with being held hostage in the bank where she works –
BUT IT’S OKAY BECAUSE IN THE PAST SHE WAS ABUSED AS A CHILD, SO
SHE CAN HANDLE THIS” — WTF???

Yeah, yeah ***of course*** writers don’t mean it this way; they’re trying to give
their characters “layers” and make us “care” about them. I totally get that. But
seriously, overly tragic back stories played up front are not the way. Characters’
reactions and the way they deal with what’s happening to them in the “here and
now” tells us SO MUCH more than acres of flashbacks or expositional dialogue about
their traumatic childhoods.

3) … They “back end” (quiet at the back) characters’ motivations. And of course,
as with most things writing-related, there’s an opposite end of the scale too: we don’t
know what characters’  motivations are in the first instance, because writers are so
busy trying to make us “care” about them, usually with various flashbacks to stuff that
happened “before”. So we don’t know what the characters want, why they want it, or
when by. Instead we end up finding this out in retrospect. As a result it’s difficult to
invest in those characters’ journeys.

Sometimes this happens in spec novels too, especially those where the scribe is
writing in the first person. I’ve noticed writers attempting Young Adult in particular
can have this issue. What tends to happen is the scribe is so busy “setting up” the
character and the world s/he lives in (especially a school environment), they forget to
tell the reader what the story is *really* about.

2) … They introduce too many characters. Sometimes a screenplay or novel will

have a plethora of characters, often to persuade us what a great or upstanding
protagonist we have. We’ll see the protagonist interract with all kinds of people, in all
kinds of ways, usually all positive. Aaah. Sweet.

BUT NO!

And before you say it: YES, technically novels can have as many characters as they
want. But — and there’s always a but with me! — they need to have a reason to be
present in the narrative. The reason can be anything the writer wants, but broken
down, those characters need to relate to:

a) Plot

b) another character
c) arena (or storyworld)

d) theme

e) all of the above

Otherwise your characters simply float about randomly and the reader can’t “connect”
with them. FACT. Sorry!

It’s the same with screenplays, but more condensed. Being much “shorter” than
novels (both literally and figuratively), this is inevitable, yet many screenplays –
whether feature length or TV pilot –  have what I call a “Mer De Noms” (sea of
names). I simply can’t keep track of them all. This is usually because in addition to
that sea of names, I can’t discern each character’s role function. More on this, next.

1) … They give characters No discernible role function. This is probably the top
screenplay characterisation problem EVER and usually happens because scribes are
so busy trying to persuade readers to “care” about characters, they forget *why* the
characters are part of the story in the first place.

We all hear about “differentiating characters”, so many scribes spend a lot of time
trying to make each one SOUND or LOOK different. And this is a good start. But
sounding or looking “different” does not great characterisation make. Why?

Because great characters are what they DO. 

In other words then, the characters in your screenplay all have to DO different things
in order to be “differentiated”.

For the above, they need a specific role function, ie:

Protagonist: Usually “for” the “main theme” of the story. 

Antagonist: Usually “against” the “main theme” of the story. 

With protagonists and antagonists in mind, it’s usual the protagonist drives the story,
though sometimes it’s the other way round and the antagonist will instead.
Occasionally, we will have a passive protagonist (especially in the case of the
Comedy genre), but if this happens, another character (antagonist OR an important
secondary) will usually “take the reins” and give them back to the protagonist in the
resolution.

Secondary Characters: These guys can boiled down to this notion – they HELP or
HINDER the protagonist or antagonist in their respective missions. 

From the above, secondary characters may perform very tried and tested roles like
Mentor; Second In Command; Henchman; Love Interest; Best Friend; Comic Relief
and so on.
Peripheral Character: These guys reflect the story’s intentions and/or facillitate the
plot or (usually) the main characters’ motivations in some way (or the opposite). 

A good example here would be characters who are placed in the narrative simply to
die as in the Horror genre, or war and disaster movies. Peripheral characters don’t
have to die though; sometimes in Comedies and Thrillers a peripheral character may
obstruct our protagonist in his/her mission, like the Jobsworth Official who won’t
help, or a Police Officer who arrests the protagonist or turns them away.

SO:

Next time you get the feedback “we need to care more about your characters”, make
sure you give that feedback-giver a bop on the nose. Or preferably, refer them to this
post. And yourself. Remember:

 Great characters come from great stories; they are inextricably linked.
 Good characterisation makes use of back story, but not at the expense of the
“here and now”.
 Great characters have role functions/ a reason WHY they’re part of the story.
 Good characterisation is about a character’s reactions to the situation in hand.
 Great characters are what they DO.

Good luck!