Course Outline lowest oto Une This Course Desongael and Hin Pronunciation LESSON + HOW ARE YOU? Saying Hele and Good (the Gretings and Cures a Grammar Sbjct Pronouns Prose Tease oF BT on [Toe and Some Base of nd Wend Order ‘Simple tposions Gener LeSsoM 2 | HAVE A BIG FAMILY, Taking abou te amy LESSON 3 WELCOME TO 01 veyday Objects, around the Pals Adjotves Exprsing awe with amily Members UR Home! ‘Cae and Noun Decension Deco f Adjectives cil Recsire Poseson wih TA Cetnpome Postpecisons LESSOW 4 RAMESH'S DAY Daly Atvties “The Pest nerfcive Tense Conjure Verbs 8- | eon a LESSON 2 ON THE PHONE = comp topstins PhaneReintEspemiene [Tinga 37 ee te seb v9 Day othe Ven ete 1 LESSOW 5 Iii PALIKA BAZAAR a ting Tine ot Shopng Te oe reyay | The Pent Cmtnene one Tome e LESSON 9 A JOURNEY TO NEPAL ® Pomnnsia he ohtqu Da ieeieeesen freee ene % naive ac Die adn ets 36 Reef Tn aa Shorted ems of Threatens Fates ge enum it #78 reas “ te, Wa, Ned nd er refer ee a Pecfective Tenses of nina nies to tant Wee ee LESSON 6 WHERE'S THE 2007 s Sec nt cre Acti Tm Asking Dons tmperare S fee fe Cyd ter aikecencies 5x LESSOW v0 AT THE DoctoR's 6 Phe Pues at ant® 93 Tingsbut Haan tn Boy [Compound Yabo 70 eek Adv and Nba eee cic aS te wl LESSON 7 WHATWEREYOU DOING A LITLE WHILERGO? 103 hat m4 eee Ftartaieae nA ‘The Vocative a1 facia a ue rgrsing’Shouh te sf nk cor v6 Vina eat Noun at the 18.49, A and Someone, Something Somewhers, nd Smetine 133 Exposing "Havin Hind x6vorasuiary sense vocanviany LESSOW 44 IN A RESTAURANT 8 LESSOW a5 AT SCHOOL * Fn Cetingamttanoron | Te bmp Con, SaoorTeasandsibjers | termveoie tt read tal Polethe ump tp Moreen Compr Yes 270 fracas, esnicnsinse hea PS eae anst as coinmiverer gp rite a eeteat aeieer LESSON 12 IN A PARK 201 tre utr Nit Th Cn be he sea-mrat oy elie Chass ih fee, Berend et LESSON a3 AT THE NEW WORKPLACE a0 ee ee town he ter fea eat reno Sabanete = ave Constr wah 27 The rstpoeion a PRT 8 Mowe on Conn Verbs 230 ah Prt a LESSON 14 VACATION PLANS AND LEISURE TIME 239 Hobbierandtaisue Time | tiple Actives 246 ae causative a8 Stat Deng Semeing: a ase persiive 23Itropuction Hindi fs she oficial Language ofthe central goverment of Tada 8nd the native language of approximately 970 milion peopl, slepening on the source that you cited how you define Hal {83 opposed to closaly related languages. Several hundred milion, other people in India and eliewhere speak Hind! as a scond language, That gives i @ rank of either second or third among, ‘the most spoken world languages, he other spc being ecupied by Spanish (Chinese is fist and English is fourth). Hing ian Indo-European language, meaning that itis relate to English, ‘Spanish, French, German, and other languages with which you ‘may be familar: Isa ver close relative of her nde language Urdu, Punjab, Gujarat, Marah, Bengal, Nepal. Sind, and Oriya, Hindi is particularly close to Und, the offical langue of Pakian, the main diflerences being that Hinds writen the Devanagari scrpt ond hae the ancient language Sanit the base for most of is vocabulary, wherens Uris writen fn ‘modified Arable sript and has Pesisn and Arable a the ase for most ofits vocabulary. ‘This course is designed to provide you with an easy and practical, introduction to the language. I wil help you learn the bonis of Hindi vocabulary, structure, and conversation so that youl bbe able to takepart ln everyday conversations, fd your way round, and make yourself understond in a tage of satlons in Hindi. OF couse. earning language Is nt easy, takes time, patience, and commitment, but i ca be oto fun and very evearding. This program dora sesume that you bane ‘ny knowledge of Hind! or that you're a whe with gramnsica concepts Everything is explained in plain English, grammatical ‘concepts are put in shnple language, and there are plenty of tht you can feel quite noticeably on your Faget That's the aspiration. But in “spool” the "p” hs a dl ferent qualit-—you can bard feel anya on your finger when ‘yon say IIo English, this quality isjustsomehing that happens Tecause of neighboring sounds English speakers hardly notice itand certainly done distinguish words by whether a sound pirated or net, But in Hind, thie distinction isthe basis for {vo entirely diferent consonants, and words difer just based ‘On whether a particular consonant it apirated oF not Tn rans: Fteration, the aspirated consonants are rien with anh, Butdon't pronounce its a sparate later I's jus thereto mark the aspired consonants lke she dt dacs In eelen cores Sty hu Ths vowel ke he “ek of pul ot ‘With hese distinctions, you Have four forms of "in Hind ee ia : . 1.4. This ithe ong “0” of pal or fa : But det drow aut wih the" sou ‘en sop (hel apt oe tam = (he This is an "x? but fs vowel rather | tetoe noaspited reve xine BOG Sat x ccs veda woce"ah oh sates or la a challenge for Englsh speaker is th a 5 7 m8 tha ur consonant te Bey he Thee very shor, ev, and pure tobe “enalp” mixtures of thous finedatinctions fake be . ual ikea epee aye aa a {een spre and nonaptaed, and haltess tebe IF yo proneunes tere ods very slows anderen But dont wort whale paces Wea at owl ear tha heey alot of “ein tha Aficul. WE get the quay ef each someon eae 2S ty to et the sou of before You set det a momen. i es sat whe voc nt Se ee Novels Myon peak Pench or Spanish Ike a ind! hs elven vowel sounds, Remember that there ave sup hrc - forms ofeach vowel n Devanagari an inscendenrton wick QS ai hai This i the he shor eh of eto» sue a vod st ih aovelorte woe lovey tna ather vows aid a hosted form, which you rte sb, Slo 0, fo: Tis another so, xp, and pure {lore or fer thc hot omonnt ail ec sch see bok Sra Sarto ts tegieing ote ah forms independent, In hosted for on “sak Soe tfsfa or hate But ogi, sa hese word ad then nly hosted on the leer ork. (Telit Ine oy Slow, andy fears It 00" ane" {he leter k's called Ralant, at sence the ent ot in Haul, Cu these parts ut and youl {eal earn tre about te) ave the Hd yon pak bench or Sane iris ke the sud ne! o Pe ® 41a. This isthe nara vowel athe word YB a hav This he sound in at or dau, got tora and arate eens sti hasan isin rom Ose er ahat every Devaar! leer tt a Dan for yur Tin calles o tl om New tarked with 4 vowel fe proncuneed i York nt gute co vounded ond exagser, this inherent vowel ae ecepton the ue bal consonant of rd ts sol oe ‘ounce wit he neen wel r SETS nes Ts ew Longer vole In car od ea a dark me Ayres cept fs, can nasil Th ears tat rod part othe alow pee throng te nose You ay ot Fe Feu Ths vowels te the shor “iin hisor Teele but Ens hs plenty of taal vowel. Ay nc» vowel 4 vi ones bor og nthe same lal, aid FR a Tuite over “ee sound of exe Say “dope sd “dos” and pay clove attain to the vow dina. But be cael to male hn cing WS naaacdn “do nh al vowel mated by toxnd, not dra out hte te English “ee {Und afk oon on side witha dot over dy placed above he muh towel Tiss celled acandraind I part fhe vowe ac 5 {When sbove the heads, then jit he dat is we. Ts {cd an amawver On, node tons the anv replaces a] -the candrabindu, Notice dat in transliteration nasalization is ‘marked bythe tile, whic ithe mark inthe Spanish Gui wa ata i ns Consonants Now lets look he Hin consonants. We're going to present them nan rr that il shake i easier or you tended how they're pronounced. I's nt the somal order of Devan gar sod une na dctonary, Youll earn that ner. Remon beri wach of thse Devanaga leterssutomatiallinlades the inherent a vowel. Yo ate sone lngulstleerminetony in this sete 1 deseribe wher in your mouth th onuoaare formed: Ifyou re completely uniailiarwith thse term, ds wor not essen chat you know tem! Group 1 These four consonants are called yest consonants beeawse they're made with your tongue agains the velar, which sus ‘echnical term meaning the font par ofthe roof of you moth Say “cat” or "get" in English, and your tongue is touching Your Fk. Thin i the consonant in sit oF school, without any pull ofa Ty to ay those words while inane Ing that there's a match a front of your mouth the you dont want blow out! a, This ls the aspirated farm, similar to the con somant in i or col. This te, ry to bow out tae match when you say it a 8. Tis i an nonaspiated“g. similar to the con Sonant in angy ot glen. Again, there shouldnt be any pull of ale Try to say "go" without blowing out that match Hold your fingers igh in front of your ‘mouth, and if you feel ir being released, hoep ing. 4" tha. This isthe aspirated form of “g.” Say "go" ot get” holding your fingers infront of your mouth, and ryt release pl of a as you say the“ Group 2 There (our sounds ae called alveo-palatal because you use your palate, oF the roo of your mouth, to pronounce tem, st ca. Thisissimilar to thesoundin cheese or cheat, but ‘shout any roleae of breath. The other major di Terence i thatthe tongue i behind the ower tet, father thn the upper teth This wl arch the tongue tu against he palate. cho, Thi ithe aspirated frm of ca. Say “choose or SShureh” with your longue bend the lower tet si ry to low ut st ach <4 ja, This is smllar to the sound in jeep oF jes ut Seain, withthe tongue behind he upper oth the tongue ached against the roof of the mou, and no release oa, Aja This she aspirated form of ja Grow Now lets look atthe dota sound. They're similar to English ‘Consonants with he tangue agains the upper teeth or the ide behind the upper tet, (You may aso sce these reerred to as “alveolar” consonants) a ta, Say the“ in tex oF time, but move your tongue bit forward. Like English, you doe the ile ridge tehind the upper teeth Also, because this onaspi fated, contol your breath so that you do pocket ny pull air. ths, Thins the aspirated form oft. Keep everthing the same ss above. but this ne make a pall a ai: = a, Ths ke the“ in dream or drew, but again, pronounced with the tongue agains the upper tet Ad without any puto at 1 dha. This the sepiraed form of da Groups Novletsfocuson he reflex consonants These rvallponounced ‘ith he tong led backward awn rom the tet. the dental ‘Conanants are pronounced further up than her Enish counter ‘arts theretrfex consonants ar pronounced rhe bck.Ef Say “uy or trim” and notice that your tongue it farther back than when you sy tle" or "Tim The Hindi retrofes is just te bt further back stil And because this is nonaspirated, be carefal o eon ‘rol your breath when you sy i 3 tha. Thisis the aspirated form of, Se. Say “dream” or “drum” and then slide your tongue back bit farther Be careful osx this wih = dha. This the aspirated fran of, Grou 5 ‘hese consonants are all formed wih the lips, which is why there called labia, = u a. This consonant is similar to the “p* in spool oF spin, sald with no aspiration a all Control your breath and imagine match nat being blown ow pha. This isthe aspirated form af pa. I's closer tthe yin pol or pin: but wih more release of breath « ba This is ike the bin ito bin, bu with the brett held and no release ofa ba. This isthe aspirated form of ba Grou 6 ‘Now lets ook atthe nasa onsonants.Asyoucan gues theyre ‘alle nasal because they're pononcedat est parti {ough the noe. % ta. Dorit be intimidated by the dot on the “n* You Pronounce this consonant whenever you sa sino Ik. Technically this isa velar nasal—you make 1 with your tongue inthe sme positon a "Kor" # This isthe palatal» sound which is jst ike the “ay” in onjon er canyon. Ifyou know any Spanish the transteraton wil lok fama M1 pas you cam guess from the dot below the letter, thief a retren version of 2" Say “ao” of “need” ‘with the tongue drawn back in the mouth, behind ‘where you yh 4 ‘a. This dental “n,” probly the closest variety {6 the English no or need, but the tongue is place ‘gains the upper tet, rather than aginst the ridge js ebind the tet, 4 ‘a This not an“ but the “sound of mom oe rise, Notice that i's sill nasal sound, which ‘why it’s grouped here Group? ‘The consonants in this group are all elated to the Jeter “6 in Englah 64 Tiss the “sh sound in ship or shoe Ha: This technically rtrllex version ofS, 50 it ‘Would be pronaunced withthe tongue furthet back Inthe mouth, but t's wually not distinguished from Fosa poral sae sa This is ke the in see or sue. Groups ‘The consonants in this gop ae ll lated tothe English eter a 4a. This is rolled" ke the Spanish pew, but ‘shorter Note that when this consonent i joined with ‘Sora; the combinations are slightly irregular: © isda. 4 fu This fn rolls va gourd, produced wih dhe longue furtuer back in the mouth rat = Happed Sounds the tong, cle backoard, ll dove fom the roof ofthe mouth a thu Thin isthe aspirated version ofr. is also Napped sound: the tongue, crled back, falls down, eet eeeGrows ‘The consonants this group are abit ofa mined bog ' ‘ne This is the consonant in have or hes ‘ya Thiss the consonant in year and ys. ‘va. This ea sound similar tothe °V" in gery or at bit the lower lip dove Some into contact wh he Upper teeth, so thas abit of “Ww sound Aa, This isthe ‘Tof Jong and fe, but the tongue is shed against the upper teth 4 This the sound zipper or art © fy Like the “in father Eventhough this isnot native Hind sound i's borrowed from Arable) very eominen. Halant and Conjunct Characters Yet Bie that a Deyanaas elles alee roped aloce with vowel, ether one that i spelled owtriht (Ok) or one that inerea ( 3a) So i's logical #o wonder how to expres {ho Gtsonant soda ight nex to each tbe without any owe lsound in between. You know that thi exits in Hindtoven thermo the lnagieascouteps “ad? without ey vows son In between, There's special sgn called a balant that ences the inherent vowel ater a consonant. t's writen like a smal ash beneath the leet pronounced Knees of x. Uno tunately this doesnt mean that yo simpy xe this siz when ‘Gee Yo Watt 16 whe Gro conaaeds oper Teneo, ere fre special conjnet characters which ae esenilly mlied Forms ofthe letters hat stick together. Por example, # and f= ee ee fren Me el eee Stoke ofthe frst is dropped, so that it connects othe second ‘This isthe way most conjunc characters are formed, <9 yO an decipher most of them i au know the wo inva eters, (Other examples are and W, which together form "gpa, of and, which together form ® ya, In both cases, theft etter Tha simply lat is vertical downstroe and then been joined #0 ese ‘The lor ra combines in slightly evegular ways, but there's f pattern chat youl recognize with jst ite bi of practice ‘hin ¢ comes bafore a consonant its writen ike small hook. hove that consonant. So {and "together foe 4, which you an seein the fall ward hanna: karma, Other examples es ¢ 8 = Ad rn and ¢ + 8 = 5 a These three examples involve the Inherent vows, but f there's another vowel. the hook oatessbove that vorels {+ #1 = 8T ro, When € comes ster the consonant, i's writen below that consonant aya lant filings + €= #6 hea, @ = € = & drs, With some letters, W's ‘combined almost Hke an arrowhead: €-+ &= a ond & + & = Some of the other combinations are temperamental, but it re ally nly takes tle bit of practice to gt used to roeding Hind! onjunet characters, Thore are, ia some cases, alemate forms ‘hat you might find, which end to consist of stacked eters, one fn op ofthe othe, so you can decipher them ify come across them. The following table wl lve yu a sense of many possible sombinations including both regular and inegula oes Doa't "ta memorize this table now Just ete sense of how Hindi lee ters are combined, and a You progress through the cours, Keep Felurnis to the lable o become more and mote familar With ‘eadng Bevangar, Note thatthe conuncts marked ih an a {ersk () can ase appear asa combination of the ewe simple ‘const, wit halant under the fst one, ReweweM | RMAF eet Remewuiihs Gree kdde qe ecli Bema etina Rede wddhat Vpn Heth | Ree eubhe eel Mh Adm sels Rewerah | Geta etal Rika, ede 51mg eaeaiys eaewidya deta tetas 4edorInis SUR e tz la Aes tndba eg Meets 6A Ftomn pee ee re TUGTeMge Teams eae Fete eek ET Devanage en Nn PonandatonAe8-7H ya ete WA Fi gine Rot gina get Ueho edema Ret =aos H+ o +5. aine aot ya Metra ease 3) mst eee gin tHe ee. roana 68a oie ea etay yet aeea=eoite emai emery ethos {A-SI pa etm pn ea ph Wea Hips 3-9-5 esse he 28S e aoe erie Heke Peer) ete, eet aby oe 3. ha U1 ona 444m At mt nbs 4e4-¥inm asa rtye ate Hne a8 48H qe ty sty yeaah qe aaena eS Pah [Notice that the forms ke, 3 a, ra and ee rather dit Mego ferent from snple combination ofthe original coasonans wea ste Alphabetical Order n tinh Seo 1 vou need t9 look up a word in Hindi dictionary, the order of Devanagar laters eat shown belo, ead ro feo ght, nem Jn rows, As you case, the vowels areal it, followed by the 4 s4- St nuple consonants Words tht begin with «conjure charactor Ret ‘ome alter the basic letter, So, inthe # ka seton all the eters hat begin with a smple w ka woold come fit. Aer that would eden ‘ome all the words oping with conjunts of ® ks, and they fees ‘hemelies would be ordered alphabetically: mrkr, @ Hs, and then #¢ hv, Ako note that the naalize sllbles with anusvae eS teas ome bre nonnasalized ones” before, Dont worry about Ate ses the terms voiced icles, and 50 on they're unlaaliar 10 Sou. They are phonetie terms fo describe how ech sound pro eo Ace and clases, and they show the sientic rganivation eee hind the cnssiclserangement ofthe Devanagas wrng si term. Many of thes terms have een explained inthe preceding Wed whe ection, but agin, isnot essential that yom know what they tetas san. eq ae eae omen eee as ms ww “ mr te tao alas teow ete eipe Consonants AS = the eH eam er See tees eee Seat Var in| kt gn oe Abeo. Wes Vea ia Wt Bo wer eee Retro Za Ba ea edu Im Boasts Hee qea-othme Abeolae ei Stim dk dtm oe Etta Bilabiat pe Syn thet me Geel Rss Ra eats Bevanaeb a Hn PononeltinSemowel 4 fe Shim 4G Wa ta Aspire he (General Points on Hind Splling and Pronunsatlon Earlier in this section ou learned thers ign ana: whieh fs. dot over the leten Note that in Hind spelling. the saasvar ean be usd In pace of nas consonants: wo siare pane fea Ra ir ‘Yur may ako come across the special Hindi vowol ff, which Fs use English Toanwords with the sound “o" Ths vowel I ‘ten droppe: diac ‘sree ocor ten aed oesy ‘uly, nate that the inherent vowel isnot always pronounced le Hind. Is typically dropped atthe end of sword, unless the ‘Wotd is feo Sanskrit, and is alse dropped in words of tree or ‘ore lables if the fal vowel i long Ferland ‘SET amid Writing in Hina ‘As you go through this course, youl have many chances to “eile ia Hind so naturally youl nood to know how to for the Devansgar lets. Keepin mind that there's no dstintion between capital and lowerease Letters, s0 the shape f the eters remains consnint regardless of postion in a Word. But dost Forge that there ute two Tors fr each vouelan independent tne and ove that i hosted above or below'a consonant, Aad course, there ae all the conjnets! But once you know how to write the simple consonant, te counts are easy to for Asyou can sce, leer ate shown below in handwriting. Practice ‘ering by follwing the steps oullined below, and remember That most Hind eters sre writen frm lft tonight and top to, bottom For more praciee, am excellent online reference s Hindi Seri Tutor developed by Avasy for the School of Oriental find Asean Studies, Univesity of Landon. You ean find sat ‘esnvavasconvhindisr tun Independent Yours g ce Ww SE ed mp oy WY odd oh oy Gy ah Benes an Hind Panui