La ex Mains Program2019

Free Microschedulefor 107 dayswith 3 Questionsper day@ La ExcellenceBangalore

Date-25.06.2019

Day-21

Test-18

Syllabus:GS2: Indiandiaspora.ImportantInternationalinstitutions,agencies andfora- their

structure,mandate.

Questionsandapproach

1. TheWorldBankandtheIM F, collectively knownas theBrettonWoodsInstitutions,are

thetwo inter-governmentalpillarssupportingthestructureof theworld’s economicand
financialorder. Superficially,theWorldBankandtheIM F exhibitmany common
characteristics,yet theirrole, functionsandmandatearedistinctlydifferent.Elucidate.
(250W |15M)

A PPROACH

Underlyingtheme: Needto givefocusonsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetween thetwo,

functionsandmandateof eachandtheir roleinworld’s economicandfinancialorder.

Introduction:Start withwhat areBrettonwoodsinstitutions.TheBrettonWoods Institutions

aretheWorldBankandtheInternationalMonetaryFund(IM F) set upinJuly 1944. Their aims
wereto helprebuildtheshatteredpostwareconomy andto promoteinternationaleconomic
cooperation.TheoriginalBrettonWoods agreementalsoincludedplansfor an International
TradeOrganisation(ITO) but theselay dormantuntil theWorldTradeOrganisation(WTO) was
createdintheearly 1990s.

Body: youcandividethebody intosub-parts:

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 1. SimilaritiesbetweenWorldBankandtheIM F.
2. Differencesbetween WorldBankandIM F.
3. Functionsandmandate.
4. Theirroleinworld’s economicandfinancialorder.

SimilaritiesbetweenWorldBankandtheIM F

· They havethesamemembershipnoadmissionto theWorldBankwithouttheIM F

membership;themanagementstructureof theBank is largely similarto thatof the
Fund. V otingrightsinthese institutionsdependprimarilyoncapitalcontributionof the
member countries.

Differencesbetween WorldBankandIM F

· TheFundis amonetary institutionwhiletheBankis adevelopmentalinstitution.The

mainconcernof theIM F is to reformtheinternationalmonetary system, it grantscredit
to member countriesto correcttemporaryBOP deficit, andit pledgesto maintaina
stableexchangerate.
· TheWB, ontheother hand, was set upfor financingwar-damagedeconomiesof Europe
causedby WorldWar II. As soonas theMarshallAidprogrammewas rolledout in
meeting resourceneeds of Europe,theBankshiftedits focusto developingcountries
andcameto beknownas the‘WorldBank’, beingadevelopmentinstitution,it finances
longandmediumtermdevelopmentprogrammes.Thatis,theIM F’s mainconcernis
macroelementwhiletheBank focusesonmicroaspectsof development.
· TheWB is now movingto macroissuesandtheIM F nowshapes policiesfor the
developingandex-communistcountriesto buildupamarketeconomy. Today,in a
variety of areas,boththese institutionsarecooperatingoneintrudesintothedomainof
theother.

Functionsandmandate

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 · IM F
Ø Topromoteinternationalcooperation;to facilitatetheexpansionandbalanced
growthof internationaltrade; to promoteexchangestability;to assistin the
establishmentof amultilateralsystemof paymentsetc.
Ø Functions:Regulatory,Financialandconsultativefunctions.
· WorldBank
Ø Toprovidelong-runcapitalto member countriesfor economicreconstruction
anddevelopment;to ensuretheimplementationof developmentprojectsso as
to bringaboutasmoothtransferencefromawar-timeto peaceeconomy etc.

Ø Functions:WorldBankprovidesvarioustechnical servicesto themember

countries; Bank cangrantloansto amember country upto 20%of its sharein
thepaid-upcapital; Thequantitiesof loans,interestrateandterms and
conditionsaredeterminedby theBankitself etc.

Rolein world’s economicandfinancialorder

· Poverty alleviation
· Financialstability
· Publichealthandenvironmentalconcernsetc.

Conclusion:Y oucanaddsome suggestionandissuespertainingto both, andthrowsome light

onNDB etc.

2. IndianDiaspora’s contributiontowardsIndiais ontheriseandso is its importance.

Elucidate(150W |10M)

A PPROACH

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Underlyingtheme: Questiondirectly asksaboutIndia’s Diaspora’s contributionat presentand
importancetowardsIndia

Introduction:Y oucandirectly start withwhois IndianDiasporaor addIndia’s initiativeslike

Pravasi BharatiyaDivas,KnowIndiaProgrametc. Today, ‘diaspora’ is commonly understood
to includeNon-ResidentIndians (NRIs), Persons of IndianOrigin (PIOs) andOverseas
Citizens of India(OCI), of which PIO andOCI card holderswere merged under one
category — OCI — in 2015. Broadly speaking, for the Indian government,the diaspora
encompassesa groupof peoplewhocan either trace their origins to India or whoare
Indian citizens living abroad, either temporarily or permanently.

Body: Divideit in to IndianDiaspora’s contributionandImportance

IndianDiaspora’s contribution(addfacts)

· IndianDiasporaplayedimportantroleinUS-Indianucleardeal.
· NRI scientists,engineers,doctors,managersandprofessionalsserveIndianpublicsector
organizationsfor abrief period,lendingtheir expertise
· Remittancesor economic
· Peopleto peoplecontacts
· Indiandiasporacouldbeusedfor track-II diplomacy
· Culture
· Tourismetc.

Importance: Stimulatingtheeconomy,Humancapital,India’s development,technicaland

domainexpertise, they are becomingincreasingly visi blein electoral politics etc.

Conclusion: concludewith futuristicperspective,addsomesuggestion.

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 3. DesignatingMasoodAzharat theUnitedNationas aglobalterroristis morethana
symbolicdiplomaticvictory.Comment(150W |10M)

A pproach:

Underlyingtheme: Hereyouneedto talk aboutIndia’s politicaltriumphfor designatinghimas

globalterroristlongwith its DiplomaticV ictory.

Introduction:MasoodA zhar has been listed as a global terroristin the 1267 SanctionsList of
UN. Consequently,he’s assets will befreezed, a travel ban, andan arms embargo by all UN
member states.

Body: Dividethe answer in followingsubtopics:

1. India’s strugglefor designatinghimas global terrorist.

2. Why changein China’s stand.
3. BeyondSymbolicDiplomaticV ictory.
4. Effectivenessof listinginthe1267 sanctionslist.

India’s strugglefor designatinghimas globalterrorist

· First effort was made after the 2008 Mumbai terroristattacks when Indiamoved
the proposalin the UN SanctionsCommittee.
· On threeprior occasionsin 2009, 2016 and2017, similar proposalsfaileddue to
Chineseopposition.

Why changein China’s stand

· One reasonwas New Delhi's upgradedrelationshipwith Beijing, particularlysince

the A pril 2018 Wuhan Summit.
· New Delhi pushedits friendsto exert pressureonBeijing at variouslevels.

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 · For Beijing, the emerging dissonancein the Indo-US relationship,primarily onissues
such as oil sanctionsonIran andweaponprocurementfromRussia, was a ripe time
to wooIndia.
· Theincreasedinternationalsupportthat Indiareceivedafter the Pulwamaattack for
its actions againstterrorism.

BeyondSymbolicDiplomaticV ictory

· It is a successin terms of power politicsandprojection, the UN Security Council is a

testing groundof power politics,once theinterests of great powersget involved,a
resolutionagainsttheir interest is difficultboth in the Council andin the UN’s
subsidiary organs.
· Being patient aboutChina'sconcerns andat the same timeexerting pressureon
Beijing at variouslevels,Indiamanagedto get the desiredoutcome.
· It shows how consistentandpragmatichas been India'smultilateral policy,
expectingfavourableoutcomes immediately anddesistingfrompersistent efforts
dueto an initial unfavourableresultis a suboptimalapproachin multilateral
engagements.

Effectivenessof listingin the1267 sanctionslist

· Listing in 1267 sanctionlist may not helpIndiain its fight againststate-sponsored

terrorismunlessPakistanchanges its policy of providingsafe-havenandfinancial
supportto terrorists.
· In 2008, Jamaat-ud-Dawa(JuD) Chief Hafiz Saeednamedas global terrorist, however
heis a freeman in Pakistanwith own political outfit.

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Conclusion: Suggestssomesteps to reinforcethe necessity of perseveringin theefforts to
gain membershipin the UN Security Council andthe Nuclear SuppliersGroup(NSG) despite
all the setbackshitherto.

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