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Sanchez 2005 Biomimetism and Bioinspiration PDF
Sanchez 2005 Biomimetism and Bioinspiration PDF
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medical applications in robotics. Materials mimicking and time-dependent concentration) is still not clear. If
the properties of muscles must combine short time- the medium is sensitive to the chemical environment,
lapse responses and weak stimuli113,114. Hydrogels, as found with some polyelectrolytes, reaction processes
photosensitive gels or ionizable gels, when electrically could be coupled with the response of the material
stimulated, can be adapted to produce original water- (mechanical deformation) that could spontaneously
rich and flexible materials having the role of detectors, generate a propagating structure. Such systems offer
transductors and actuators. Such materials may be specific chemical sensibility applied to humid automats
more versatile than the current robots combining (intelligent ‘valves’, autonomous movement actuation)
complex electric and metallic elements. and controlled drug-delivery systems3.
When producing complex hierarchical structures, There has also been new inputs from
the part played by templating (weak or strong links biopolymers. These are currently being used
between organo-mineral domains) or diffusion (space- in the medical field but they can also provide
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BIO- AND BIOINSPIRED MATERIALS WITH of the emerging field of biomimetics is to select
CONTROLLED PROPERTIES ideas and inventive principles from nature and
apply them to engineering products. Materials
Natural materials offer remarkable hydrodynamic, reproducing structures described in animals and
aerodynamic, wetting and adhesive properties. plants already exist. The study of the microstructure
Beautiful examples are butterfly wings and of lily leaves has inspired rugose super hydrophobic
chameleons. Obvious applications concern or hydrophillic coatings126 (Fig. 7). The structural
surface coatings with anti-fouling, hydrophobic, analysis of shark or dolphin skin has produced
protective or adhesive characteristics and also ‘riblets’, which are plastic films covered by
cosmetic products. One way to take advantage microscopic grooves. Experimentally placed on