Simulation of Laminar Pipe Flows ENGR:2510 Mechanics of Fluids and Transport Processes CFD PRELAB 1 (ANSYS 17.1; Last Updated: Oct. 7, 2016) By Timur Dogan, Michael Conger, Dong-Hwan Kim, Andrew Opyd, Maysam Mousaviraad, Tao Xing and Fred Stern IHR-Hydroscience & Engineering The University of lowa C. Maxwell Stanley Hydraulics Laboratory Towa City, IA 52242-1585 1. Purpose ‘The Purpose of CFD PreLab 1 is to teach students how to use the CFD educational interface (ANSYS), be familiar with the options in each step of CED Process, and relate simulation results to AFD concepts. Students will simulate laminar pipe flow following the “CFD process” by an interactive step-by-step approach. Students will have “hands-on” experiences using ANSYS to compute axial velocity profile, centerline velocity, centerline pressure, and wall shear stress. Students will compare simulation results with AFD data, analyze the differences and possible numerical errors, and present results in CFD Lab 1 report. wv wv Vv Vv \ Meta GE Tien (any Pi a ———_ Reference Values (ANSYS Fluent - ‘Seup) Initialization (ANSYS Fluet Solution Flow chart for “CED Process” for pipe flow2. Simulation Design In EFD Lab 2, you conducted experimental study for turbulent pipe flow. The data you have measured will be used for CFD Lab 1. In CFD PreLab 1, simulation will be conducted only for laminar circular pipe flows, i.e. the Reynolds number is less than 2300. Reynolds number based on pipe diameter and ‘mean inlet velocity is 654.75 in the current simulation. CFD predictions of friction factor and fully developed axial velocity profile will be compared with AFD data ‘Table 1 - Geometry dimensions Parameter Unit | Value Radius of Pipe m_| 0.02619 Diameter of Pipe m_| 0.05238 Length of the Pipe | _m | 7.62 Non-uniform mesh Uniform mesh Ss x Symmetry Axis — [-—9/<— velocity Profile Pipe Wall Figure 1 - Geometry Since the flow is axisymmetric we only need to solve the flow in a single plane from the centerline to the pipe wall. Boundary conditions need to be specified include inlet, outlet, wall, and axis, as will be described in details later. Uniform flow is specified at inlet, the flow will reach the fully developed regions after a certain distance downstream. No-slip boundary condition will be used on the wall and constant pressure for the outlet. Symmetric boundary condition will be applied on the pipe axis. Since the flow is laminar, turbulence models are not necessary. Navigation Tips ‘© To zoom in and out use the magnifying glass with a plus sign in it and drag, from top left to bottom right over the are you wish to zoom. + To look at a view plane, simply click on the arrow in the coordinate system identifier in the bottom right of the screen. ic if you wish to look at the XYplane, click on the Z Arrow.3. Open ANSYS Workbench 3.1, Start > All Programs > ANSYS 17.1 > Workbench 17.1 (Note: You may ignore the firewall warnings by closing the pop-up window) Ti Har ainoseeio 2017 7] 5 tera 15:10165 it Eton “ Anacondas be) 1] Android SOK Tools Gd ansys 171 [BEANS leaps 179 chanical APDL 17.1 Bi veshanical aPDL Product tauneer Biscom 173 a Uninstall ANSYS.17.9, 1 chemin (5 ua Dynamics Crone inelp y 4 ace eh progres ona les 2 3.2. From the ANSYS Workbench home screen (Project Schematic), drag and drop the Geometry component for the Component Systems in the Toolbox into the Project Schematic. MM Unsaved Project Warkoench A Ste Binet Compre Se Goren Biche @ nice fone @ oeers ne rosseeerttceer Drag and drop Be anne 1G retinas Sv FS sane I hove las Sianenee. Wisenmegee Ve tees3.3. Rename the geometry “Pipe” by right clicking on the down arrow of the Geometry component and selecting Rename. emcee tenn =a |Site nvot. | otasies Blac 7 untae |B Tae BS estore bin 1 on ain t [eevee] saver Taira hen sma | 3.4, Drag and drop # Mesh component and a Fluent component into the Project Schematic as shown below. Rename the components as “Uniform” and “Laminar” for Mesh and Fluent components respectively. Urea Praject- Workbench - oo ™ C/E woe enone iow seer x ea es trent [ideapes 8 ay Lee3.5. Make the connections as per below by draggi “Geometry” to “Mesh” and “Mesh” to “Setuy tsa et Vntbenh connections exactly as per below. Drag and drop [2 siala) rer (fSrorenti. itowmages ston esse 3.6. Create a folder on the network drive (nome.iowa.uiowa.edu) called “CFD Pre-Lab and Lab 1”. 3.7. Save the project file by clicking File > Save As... 3.8. Save the project onto the folder you just created and name it “CFD Pre-Lab and Lab I Pipe Flow”. (This project file will be used for both Pre-Lab | and Lab 1.)4. Geometry Creation 4.1, Right click on Geometry and from the drop down menu select New DesignModeler Geometr Thane Pep ode ae) os re Bimor|sstscnet eames 7 wm hesct | EATS a ate 7 te 4.2, Make sure that Unit is set to Meter (default value). oy Fle Crate Conse Te dka\e|) 5 = Mss Ax Az | ee Pane AL Non aa wey ied we CSB) nck LaigeModelvppot 4.3, Select the XYPlane under the Tree Outline and click New Sketch button. [6 Pee Doigtoacer Fie Cte Conept Tec Units Yew Hee DMM) One Ges Ise) y FS SS SPQ QQgQokt [alee lm Ae he be he he eon = | ne | Focente Gov ky Bireamees | Botte ditewie sees Ssiniot |B [Beis Glenn 80 GdRGD DLnsNOF | Sew /ie Sper Vanier \\Gpuhdhe eningtidiow ence WAS = (Sia - his utine 2 (oops ——S] aloe] Shae Lok vane 1 oF, 0884.4. Right click XYPlane and select Look at. [DA rpeOegdeede SY Fie Conds Concept Took Unis View Hap DE el a] oe Crs [smelt Qe BIB) S| ee Mme A AAA AE a eee en ee es Bete dpteoie Gone Gsevtet || Biivnes Ques Von ideEstor Gjempoe 80 Gfloedsa0 [ileadNOF SpFowPath lade af Sitter RS = = =——_—_——— Pe oot A coud Som Does OTR vena B Renee | iy OPans Domes 4.5, Select Sketching > Constraints > Auto Constraints, Enable the auto constraints option to pick the exact point as below. le Cis Concpt Tek Unit iow Hep BEE) ) Our Cri |[suely b/w DOS |e a Ss @ a a AAA a ‘nine > ae] stn BS || Ferme Wiis pnw EPaamees Ce ee ee eee load 86D D\Losd OF | EB HowPath eA Bide eA spiter gPisaT FE asae iver! \ Peper tong Coincident pont ASyematy B concen gulRade emaltenge [[Efszo Consens oe Sains ¥ sien iy4.6, Select Sketching > Draw >Rectangle. Create a rectangle geometry as per below, make sure to start from the origin, the mouse arrow should change to a “P” when on the origin. auuie © aoe TL SPARRHQAR TOs v0 ae A mom = hl tn > BS] Femme w Bic ticwe Ginn gant w . Frere Guo | foo og 10 20m —— i eT oak ee eng se fie er J 4.7, Select Dimensions > General, Click on top edge then click above the geometry to place the dimension, Repeat the same thing for one of the vertical edges. You should have a similar figure as per below.4.8. Click on H1 under Details View, in the bottom left of the screen, and change HI to 7.62m. Click ‘on V2 and change it to 0.02619m. (Don’t include unit “m” when put in the values) Delas of Sketch Sketeh Sketeht Sketch Visbilty Show Sketch Show Constrainis? No 4.9. Concept > Surfaces From Sketches, select the sketch by left clicking on Sketch1 in the Tree Outline and hit Apply in the Detatils View. Tice Outline: # Ey-@] A: CFD Pre-Lab Laminar Fipe Flow Toos View Help Bed BS the om Pins |B bina Fem Sch a ee 20 Cine ah Pane Split Eges yell SurfaceSia 16 OP ats, 0 Bocies (2 Surtees From Feces rose Sesion . te a surface. ie Cee Concept Tole Vow Nlp JER @) O54 Cos joey he ODS SEQQRAMQAE| Alo oe Wee At fe A Ae A = eos = Besuse deve Sve Sskiviot | ATH Stace Send + © Ci Bee Tae soy tS stcedoey lL >Save Project. Save project and close the Design Modeler window.5. Mesh Generation 5.1, From the Project Schematic right click on Mesh component and select Edit... [0 res wottene ex Te |r ellid) ree Dire. [ster pete Pens 7 Une | BE ACTStet Pe @ Hareetnsco @ seers one @ eenainoce @ rocstleneeter ua Puseieeh) Seanety penta ore rete, ier io ow line 5.2, Right click on Mesh then select Insert > Face Meshing, Dineen Wes i Testing ai ON he fo Ole Foracte ch HED we PWoract ty SiS see amaasnws soi o- F cen Fc Cont 2 Gor Geverted Dae Renae 2) A Minion Coon @ taotin Preece: | L | Prstaicn ana Mesh Conecson 105.3. Select your geometry by clicking the yellow box which says No Selection, then click on the ‘geometry surface, and click Apply. (Note: You can change orientation of your view to xy plane by clicking the z-axis figure on the lower right comer. Press “F7” on your keyboard to restore to the “whole view”. Zoom in by holding the right mouse button and selecting a region.) @ 8: Unto Mashing [ANSYS Academic Research) Fi Cét Vow Units Took dp || 2 “| Fearenebeh tal at A le Dwenshen iy |) Ee) SE Minin Cas Gascon Fieve Garner Tica iatesan —~ QBWione | ies eh HE Oetet boneersew -———— aur cone = Wig coving = x Av Ax Ax Av AW Venton Mak Fp fae | Ss | [Sortie came [No saeon 5.4, Click on the edge button, This will allow you to select edges of your geometry. | a ) Prelab 1 Laminar | low - Meshing [Af vic Te ‘YGenerate Mesh A {tid Le Edit View Units Tools Help| ayo [eX @ t- ORDO Se Se Qaaiamaa [| Show Veries BOWielrgage MI EdgeCobing » Av Av Av Av Av i Mesh ZUpiate | Mesh + “Mesh Control ¥ | iliet/ic Graph u5.5. Right click on Mesh then select Insert > Sizing. Fier nane > B Project FD Moder wa) BA Gerety iy surface sad oy2k Courdrate Sytens (cc & Hh d # Ups 2 Gente Mesh show CretePinch Contts (2) Clea Generated Data a Rename Start Recording "M conacr Sang Bi Benaret * BB MepredFeceMesing @ Metencon ncn Aa wiaion 5.6, Hold Ctrl button and select the top and bottom edge of the rectangle then click Apply on Geometry. Specify details of sizing as per below in the Details of “Edge Sizing” — Sizing window. [Details of "Edge Sizing’ - Sizing a |=|scope Scoping Method Geometty Selection Geometry 2Edges Definition Suppressed No ‘Type Number of Divisions Number of Divisions | 453 Behavior Hard [Bias Tye No Bias 5.7. Repeat step 5.5. to insert Sizing. Select the left and right edge of the rectangle and click Apply then change sizing parameters as per below (Please see 5.3. for view restoring and zooming in). [Details of Edge Sizing 2" Sizing a [=|Seope Scoping Method Geometry Selection Geometry 2Edges Desinition Suppressed No. [Type Number of Divisions ‘Number of Divisions (45 Hard Blas Type No Bias 125.8. Click on Generate Mesh button. Click Mesh under Outline. The mesh should look like the mesh pictured below. etre a cade ee Fie bt Ven Uods Toob Hep || 22 =i [ Fomeneneon eV LR PRE EE GST F Show ees ae rice ® Wéspeciona~ A> Az A> Ax A> # Hid 5.9. Change the edge names by selecting the edge, then right click on the edge and select Create Named Selection. Name left, right, bottom and top edges as inlet, outlet, axis and wall respectively. Your outline should look same as the figure below (next page). esr Enter a name for the selection group: Ht 08) © Apply selected geometry © Apply geometry items of same: EE rear Defout & zoomTore aserMode Unde Geomany fom Source Size Type Location X Location Y Location Z ce 1B5.10. Fil Filter: name» Project Model (a3) Eh Geometry xl Surface Body ak Coordinate Systems a (ABB Mapped Face Meshing “ffi, Edge Sizing “iil, Edge Sizing 2 I~ fi Named Selections AD inlet Ag outlet 2@ axis i wall by right clicking on Mesh and selecting Update. @ tai. 83 Duplicate “Transfer Data Te New Upeate Unstrean Cempenen's Clear Generated Data [) Refesh Reset Rename Propertse Quick Help AdéNote > Save Project. Save the project and close the window. Update mesh on Project Schematie 146. Solve (Physics) 6.1, Right click Setup and select Edit... @ erieeigo00 Barwon eens petterecnetodoos + B raceneitntse Aas roth et Meh) reetroobronten 6.2. Check Double Precision and click OK. BB Fucnt Launcher Getting Edt Only — ao x Dinension tions 2D [| Dowie Presson 0 Processing Optons Display Opiions © Serial A Disolay Mesh Atte Reading O Paral ‘Werkhench Color Scheme Donat show thie panel again B Shaw Mave Options Cancel Help > 156.3. Tree> Setup > General > Cheek. (Note: If you get an error message you may have made a mistake while creating you mesh, Review steps in mesh generation and make changes.) ic Pee a ’ Oe eneral "Meds ea > & Materia sab Tiock _] Revove quay CellZone Conditions Ds: Be oundary Conditions Bi Ojnemic Mech Sever @ RefernceValues type ‘Veloaty Formation ¥ @ sotuton @ Pressesased — © Absolte © Soktion Methods Odensty-sased —_O Relve 5 Sokation Contils Mentor: Time 20 Space Report Detintion © steady © Plena IB repon Fie (O Trangone O tsymmemne 1B epon Piet: CO Axismmmetric Sit 4g Solution Intiszation Fl Caleletion Activites 2 Fun Calculation Derewty [ri @ Resuts > © Geaphice TE feimations Heb & Plots > ab Reports bp Parameters & Customization 6.4. Tree > Setup > General. Choose Axisymmetric option shown below. ic "irae = » Se General ef Models eas & Meters scale... || Check |Report Quality 1 Cal Zone Cencitione lay. BE Boundery Conditions BH oyramic iesh Soler @ Reference Veles Toe Veooty Formation ] PressreBased © Absolute ¥ @ soutien O denstybased © Reatve ® Solution Methods Solution Contos Monitors Tre 20 Space Report Definitions © sceady Report Files (O Trarsient xine [By Report lots ‘ANE yTAtTC Sut oa Solution initialization (Hl Calelation Stites J funcaleultion Csray | ones. ¥ @ fens © Graphics 1D Arimations Heb 1 pie @ Reports fp Paramaer: & Cuszominnion 166.5. Tree > Setup > Models > Viscous (RMB click) > Model. Select Laminar. Tree Task Page ¥ @ sup " & General BP Medels Models 3 Mutphase (OF) Mukiphace- Of ee Energy - OFF 88 Radiation (OF ES Of Heat xchon ae species Orn ‘85 Discrete Phase (Off) a 82 Solidification & Met. re Standard epsilon 2 acunes(on | |% —paaeate epson 2 lect Potenal (Of eee & Maerats > @® Cell Zone Conditions Sy > JE Boundary Conditions Other... BH dynamic Mesh & Reference Values aa ft. YG Solution 6.6. Tree > Setup > Materials, Right click on air and left click on Create/edit... . Change the Density and Viscosity as per below and click Change/Create. Close the dialog box when finished. = Tah = Ta + se cl = gue vec Bi ceternreae 2 oe sags Le — fd Pe a cea Fore Bonmenc ve 1 Roomate oon in (Dansty (kay) Consent — BS top ern ct dts ane =a 1B taper GB tapentine 1 Soenltson AY Coekan scttes Bice Es 3 tet ir aeeicin | a) ae 76.7. Tree > Setup > Cell Zone Conditions > Zone > surface_body. Change type to fluid. Select Material Name as air and click OK. This should be defaulted to fluid. Salution Conic B Report Pots I, Solution Initialization AL Caeustion actives Bun Calculation ease (el Zane Conditions 2 Wonk Fite a= zone Bl Oyremetven (9 Reece Ves + souten & Solan Methods on staat ——s] 2 Reports Copy... | Profies. i> Paremeters & Customization Patan | op ating Conditions. carne Brus x = feo eee ered ancl [eb 186.8. Tree > Setup > Boundary Conditions > inlet > Edit... Change parameters as per below and click OK. Table below shows the details of the boundary conditions. Pe aa Boundary Conan BF Models Fier “A= ge aa © Solution Methods wall [& Report Definitions. By Report Fes, Report Pots 1 Seltion|nsaton FB Calculation Activities Bun Celeulation @ feats © Graphics rie D Siem saul freebie =|7 Flos alee cop. | rte. Parra &Cntriaton || [Parte 5 ae eames Gparting Conan. Dbply Nes.) ered Conceons. fi BB vetocity niet x Zone Name inet Momentum Ti Radiation DPM Multi Velocity Specification Method Magnitude, Normal to Boundary Reference Frame| Absolute ‘Yelocity Magnitude (m/s)|0.2 Supersonic/Intial Gauge Pressure (pascal)(0 OK] (Cancel) [Heb Tnlet Boundary Condition Variable | u (m/s) | v (m/s) [P (Pa) Magnitude [0.2 | 0 - Zero Gradient [_N’ N_[¥ 196.9. Tree > Setup > Boundary Conditions > outlet > Edi OK. Table below shows the details of the boundary conditions. + Sotsion > th Parameter & Customization eer. ‘oundary Conditions # hecc: re (Alv > B mera zone ete inet reccnceVoes aissatacaba & Solaton Methods BF Solution Conta Monitors Report Definitions Repor Fee B Repo let 1g Ssluton tition AL Caeuition Acc F Run Calculation fy @ Fete © eps ae Te @ eepmmaaial ‘rita >) [pressure-outiet ~||8 Epa [ Repos cop. | roi. perting Condins. Pendle Condtins. 1 target Ne Backflow Reference Frama| Absolut Gauge Pressure (nasce)[0 Backfow Drecton Specficaton Method| Normal to Boundary 1 Average Pressure Specticaton ss Fon Rate Og] {(Cancal| Helo Heb BB Pressure Outlet Hzone name outlet Momentum | Thecmal facizton | Spaces | beM | Multiphase | potental | UDS ‘Outlet Boundary Condition Variable [u (m/s) | v (mis) [P (Pa) Magnitude [- = 0 Zero Gradient Y Y N Change parameters as per below and click 206.10. Tree > Setup > Boundary Conditions > wall > Edi click OK. Table below shows the details of the boundary conditions. Fas ee Dice = [S G Matesiats cae em @ Reterencevaues seus © Soltion Methods > FT Caesion Acie: jy @ resus > © caephice TE Animations IE Pts 1D reports Bs Promete & Crtomistion ie at a coy. Pes. | Prameses | (Gsatng Cand Osby ed.) | Heb ‘al ncton @ sxotonayy at © sovna ve ‘Shasr ondeon| © Wo Sip (O Spectied shear specutrty coe Waltaughress Blea a ‘Wall Boundary Condition constant - Magnitude Variable — [u (m/s) | v (mis) [P (Pa) 0 0 Zero Gradient N N ¥ Change parameters as per below and 216.11. Tree> Setup > Boundary Conditions > axis. Make sure that axis is selected as per below. Se a Cae © General Se > BB Models Fiter | all + > B Matera ; Zone ehieien inlet @ Reference Values icaanarcaniaen beat ¥ @ soltion aul ® Solution Methods all y. Solution Controls Moniters Report Detntons Repor Files Repor Plots hy Solution Iitiization Caleulation Activites F Run Calcation Y @ Results > z Graphics Phase Type D IE Plots * > ® Reports Edit.. Copy... | Profiles. * es a s E ss Operating Conditions... Display Mesh... Help Axis Boundary Condition Variable u (m/s) | v (m/s) | P (Pa) Magnitude 0 Zero Gradient [_¥ NY6.12, Tree > Setup > Boundary Conditions > Operating Condition. Change parameters as per below and click OK. Fie ei ‘oundaryGonatons > BR Models Fer "AL > & Materiels >» @ CellZone Conditions = "I Dynamic ech © RaornceVaie |» ea sckton © Sleon Mathede 2 Solstion Contos > BB Monitors B Repon Deitons IB Repo ie Rep ts 4h Slaton nti > BP Caeaton Acts * Run calason b- @ Rens > © Gophics > Animations > 15 Pies > Reporte }> th Porarneters & Customiation inet inttiersutace body ouset DRS B Pl o\9 Bi operting Conditions Presse fe Rafecence Presi estion x@o_ dh Yooh Zim) la OK] Cencel “Help| 236.13. ‘Tree > Setup > Reference Values. Change parameters as per below. CellZone Conditions > JE Boundary Conditions jG solution & Solution Methods Solution Cortob Monitors Report Deinkons Report Files Report Pts Solution ntaeation Caleultion Activites Run Calculation Y @ Results > © Graphics > Ei Animations B Pos © Reports > fp Parameters & Customization Paes sas > BT Models Compute fiom > B& Materials Area (m2)[0.002154860 Density (kg/m3)|1.17 Enthabpy (i/ea)|0 Length (m) Pressure (pascal)[0 ‘Termperature (K)|258.16 Veloaty (m/s)|0.2 Viscosty (ko/m-s)|1.872e-05 Ratio of Spocfic Heats|1.4 Reference Zone surface_body Help 246.14. Tree > Solution > Solution Methods. Change parameters as per below. CellZone Conditions JE eoundary Conditions BH dynamic Mesh @ Reference Value: ¥ @solution ‘@ Solution Controls Moniters Report Definitions 9, Solution Initialization (Al Calculation Activities Y un Calculation Y @ Recuits © Graphice El Animations Plots Reports > fp Parameters 1 Customization ae Sas need miei coajcuen & Materials Scheme SIMPLE Spatial Dicretization Gradient ‘Green-causs Cel Based Pressure Second Order Momantum Second Order Upwind ‘Trensent Formulation Non-Rerative Time Advancement Frozen Fl Pseudo Transient Cl Warped-face Gradient Correction Formulation Cikigh order Term Relaxation | Options... Default Hel 256.15. Tree > Solution > Monitors > Residual. Right click Residual and select Edit Change convergence criterion to 1e-06 for all three equations as per below and click OK. Setup E General > FR Models > & Materials > B CellZone Concitions > BE Boundary Conditions BH dynamic Mesh @ Reference Valies + Solution ® Solution Methods i Solution Controls Surface Volume BD recidual Monitors x Optiors Equations Print to Console 7 Pot Residual Monitor Check Convergance Absolute Criteria into comm a Se SI | Curves... Axes...) |/x-velocty 4 ean ore (yelcty a 000 Residual Vaues Convergence Crteron Cormatze Iterations [absolute + Iterations to Store 5 = 1000 EB sale C1 compute Local Saale [ag] [pot | Renormatze | | Cancel] | Hey 266.16. Tree > Solution > Solution Initialization. Change parameters as per below and click Initialize. v @ Setup Solution Initialization Ecoy Invalzation Methods B tsterte @ Cell Zone Conditions > JE Boundary Conditions Compute from I Dynamic Mech iia - z @ Reference Values AGRTERCE FRI ~ G solution @ Relative to Cel Zone ® Solution Methods O Absolite “ Solution Controls Monitors Report Definitions Report Files Gauge Pressure (pascal) 0 rt Plots Axial Velocity (m/s) 02 fAl Calculation Activites Sees Y Run Calculation S Y @ Results © Graphics TI Animations > E Plots ® Reports > fhe Parameters & Customization Reset | Pali Reset DPM Salrces)| [Reset Statute Help6.17. Tree > Solution > Run Calculation. Change Number of Iterations to 1000 and click Calculate, Bsc I General Mode B tet 8 CelZone Conditions BE founder, Conditions I yramic ese @ Refaence Values G Seton © Solution Methods Solon Contols Monitors B Report Octinisons Report ies Report Pte yg Solution Intiaization FL Colelation Aces @ Fesuts > ® Graphics TD Animations E Piots & Repon: te Doras 8 Customization Run Caleuation Update Dyraric Mesh... Numer oferaons Revortngtnteal Profle Upfate inter [Deere Guartte.| [ASSURE SESE] 6.18. Once the solution converges, click OK. (The residuals should be comparable to the ones below.) a 7D "rations NOTE: ANSYS determines when to stop a calculation based on the iteration number and convergent limit you specified. If: 1. the maximum iteration number is reached, but convergent limit is not reached, or 2. convergent limit is satisfied, but maximum iteration number is not reached, ANSYS will terminate the computation. 6.19. File > Save Project. Save the project 287. Results Please read exercises before continuing, This section tells you how to post-process the results, 7.1. Displaying Mesh Setting Up Domain > Display> Mesh. Select all Surfaces you wish to be visible and select Display then click Close. ma : esas Tinos = Gal ssa) pease aa see a Wh CLaminar Fluent shrink Factor =: io ry ~ @aGe tA ‘Surface Nae Patern ‘Setong Up Doran | Setting Up Physics | User-Defined | || | Match Surface Types [0/32] ame fw me ‘Outine | ‘interor is iB transform | lip-surt Vk _ eee | |e ca . wie OM canty BLU. ene Hest (ten) (Cie) [Habs ‘Zoom in to the inlet by using the magnifying glass with a plus sign in the middle of it. The mesh should look like the one below. 297.2, Saving Pictures To save a picture of the screen, select File > Save Picture. Make sure all the parameters are set similar to the ones below and click Save (To preview the picture, before you save click Preview in the Save Picture window) Bi svePicure Foret Ces © wes Cwm O Postserpt Om O pis Case O vRM widow Duro coving Fle Typ2 Resolution color © actor O caysaiy Vectar © monochrome tions Wndow Dump Command EA Landscane orientation rmpart aeridow %w A wite Backoround [End oy) [ree (a x ‘Name the File, navigate to the CFD Pre-Lab | file you created and save it in that file. Then close the Save Picture window. Be seccrrie look: (DH Fes of type: Hardcopy ls Fer sho ave Sue Tipe Date Modted (500) \etapy 0 Rea anrrPeeTon wis]7.3. Plotting Residuals To display the residuals click Tree > Solution > Monitors. Right click Residuals select Edit, click Plot then click Cancel. = =z Gena > wae > B Mae > Be tna contane 1 Drie @ forces © Ssutontetot 1D teoesiee B eeoere Pesow we v[elo iteranene Brcetinnes x So a pet [saw g (eaves as) [peer a 2 teas | ae convene Bel lfc ‘You can save this picture the same way you saved the mesh. Name it “CFD Pre-Lab I Laminar Pipe Flow Residuals History” and save it to the folder you created on the network drive, 317.4, Plotting Centerline Pressure Distribution To plot results, click Tree > Results > Plots. Right click XY Plot, then click Set Up. To plot the Centerline Pressure Distribution, copy the parameters as per below and click Plot. io = er = 8 & sts Boarder soos i bromelien @ paces }» @ Sinen Sauce BMas 4 paleo Biers Results > Plots. Right click XY Plot, then click Set Up. Copy the parameters as per below and click Plot. i ar a ore a 1 sects |- aren Siete 2 Sen ett » Bienen B reetetre Bieta pce Tester nt ff cuatmcnnect F haciesien |- @ tee Sern Save the picture as you did for the mesh and call it “CFD Pre-Lab I Laminar Pipe Flow Centerline Velocity Distribution” and save it in the folder you created. 337.6. Plotting Wall Shear Stress Distribution To plot the Wall Shear Stress Distribution, click Results > Plots. Right click XY Plot, then click Set Up. Copy the parameters as per below and click Plot. = re = Save the picture as you did for the mesh and call it “CFD Pre-Lab I Laminar Pipe Flow Wall Shear Stress Distribution” and save it in the folder you created. 347.1. Plotting Profiles of Axial Velocity at All Axial Locations To plot Profiles of Axial Velocity at All Axial Locations with AFD Data, click Setting Up Domain > Create > Line/Rake. ng uproar ag a va aa Bea a Ae mm eee: || soem | eres tenet! oe a ro ‘Change x and y values as per above, name the surface, and click Create. Repeat this for all lines shown in the table. x0 Yo x1 YI 0.5238 | 0 ‘| 0.5238 [0.02619 1.0476 [0 | 1.0476 [0.02619 2.0952 | 0 _| 2.0952 | 0.02619 3.1428 | 0 | 3.1428 [0.02619 5.238 0 [| 5.238 [0.02619 ‘When all lines are created, click Close. 35Click Tree > Results > Plots. Right click XY Plot and click edit....Click Load File and select, “axialvelocityAFD-laminar-pipe.xy”", which is downloadable from the class website. Click OK. Won x optins Pt Drclon.Y Aa cin rode aes x(t) Saat 2 Eretimenxne YT ey zi pommeeny es 20 xarinaen ‘onder Fonts: a ~ Fle Oats (1/1) (3) plot [Axes ‘curves... Close | Help | Change Parameters as per below. Make sure to select the inlet and outlet as well. Opis Po orecton] ¥ Ave Function noe values x0 eee. ¥ i rosten on x xs yh Aral ebety z neavac | | 2p Cie te peer : [rie oate (4/1)Click Curves... > Change the Pattern to the pattern seen below and click Apply. Incriment the Curve # by one and repeat. Do this for curves 0 through 7 then click Close. TB Cures - Solution XV Plot x [curve # Line Style Marker Style = ana o 1) = sample ahs Color Color foreground >) (foreground x Weight sve 1 03 Help Click Plot. Save the picture as you did for the mesh and call it “CFD Pre-Lab I Laminar Pipe Flow Axial Velocity at All Axial Locations with AFD Data” and save it in the folder you created. Close the Solution XY Plot window. 377.8. Plotting Velocity Vectors Click Tree > Results > Graphies > Veetors > Set Up. To plot the velocity vectors at the region flow begin to becomes fully developed, copy the parameters as per below and click Display. Zoom into the region where the flow is almost fully develop. 2B en Be ty oats Bi bmn 2 sinus S inunennenoes » Bier B reorseore B tone B terete Stmeeaea > Hen 9 save oe i) ans Save the picture as you did for the mesh and call it “CFD Pre-Lab I Laminar Pipe Flow Velocity Vectors at the Region Flow Begins to Become Fully Developed” and save it in the folder you created. Close the Vectors window. 387.9, Plotting Contours of Radial Velocity Click Tree > Results > Graphies > Contours > Set Up... To plot the Contours of Radial Velocity, copy the parameters as per below and click Display. Zoom in to the pipe inlet to see the contours of radial velocity. sor ace a pecan | ee Ebcora | pe B tet tree B tence B tention 1 Stmni oa 3 soci Save the picture as you did for the mesh and call it “CFD Pre-Lab I Contours of Radial Velocity” and save it in the folder you created, Close the Contours window. 397.10. Exporting Axial Velocity Profile at x=100d Location To export solution value, click Tree > Results > Plots. Double click XY Plot. To export the Developed Axial Velocity Profile at x=100d, copy the parameters as per below and click Write... Bi solution xv Plot Y Axis Function | Velocty... Axial Valocty X Axis Function [Drection vector Postion on ¥ Axs rte to Fle Surfaces (1/10) inlet interior surface body outet New surface + Curves... [Close] | Help | ‘Name the file “CFD Pre-Lab I Laminar Pipe Flow Developed Axial Velocity Profile” and leave the Files of Type: as XY Files. Click OK. Banine 7% coo: |e Roeser Pr ooo nes Tae Se yee Dae dad (Drees ir shay. aase ae Heder af0720. 18 BF siencosyaro unin ipes 250! ae 9308-430 0 xv (GDA Lao fos Row Onebped ma Wboy ead] [=O] softs a) = [ea fae 5009 [ fe7.11. Exporting Wall Shear Stress Distribution To export the wall shear stress distribution, click Tree > Results > Plots. Double click XY Plot. Copy the parameters as per below and click Write... DA solution xv Plot x Options Piot Directon]| ¥ Axis Function Node Values ‘Wal Fluxes... El Postion on Xs eae Postion o1 Y Avs © write to File O order Points surfaces [iy] File Data [0/1] interior-surface body New Surface ~ es...| (Curves...| [Close] | Help | ‘Name the file “CFD Pre-Lab I Laminar Pipe Flow Wall Shear Stress Distribution” and leave the Files of Type: as XY Files. Click OK. Close the Solution XY Plot. File > Save Project. Save the project and close the Fluent window.712. Normalizing Velocity Profile Open excel fiom Start Menu. Click File > Open, navigate to your folder you created on the network drive. Change the file type to all files. Select the file CED Pre-Lab 1 Laminar Pipe Flow Developed Axial Velocity Profile and click Open. Select Yes on the Microsoft Excel message. (You might not see this pop-up depending on the version of Excel being used, if'not then please proceed to next step) ol | Make sure delimited is selected and click Next. Make sure that Tab and Space Delimiters are checked and hit Finish. Tei npr Weed -Sep 24 7 x ren comestnedlnter atone comme Bisse Lorne: In Cell C5 enter the formula as seen in the Formula Bar below. Then take the fill handle and drag to the end of the data. This normalizes the velocity profile from the max velocity. Firat | TE 1 [ome ani velo 2 labels Poston aval Velocity) gonna a2Insert a Scatter Plot With Smooth Lines and Markers. For the x-axis use the radial position, and for the y-axis use the normalized velocity. Name it CFD Velocity Profile (Laminar). You can move this plot to a new tab by clicking on the chart Chart Tools > Design > Chart Location > New Sheet > OK Next open the file “Normalized-velocity-APD-laminar-pipe.xy" in TextPad, highlight the data and paste it into your Excel spread sheet next to the CFD velocity profile data. Plot this in the same way as the other set on the existing plot and call this “AFD Velocity Profile (Laminar)" Create axis titles and make sure the legend is shown. You should move the legend to the bottom. of the chart. Call the axes Normalized Veloctity [-] and Radial Position [m] Save this Sheet by selecting File > Save As, name it “CFD Pre-Lab I Developed Axial Velocity Profile”. Move8. Exercises You must complete all the following assignments and present results in your CFD Lab 1 reports following the CFD Lab Report Instructions. Simulation of Laminar Pipe Flow You need to use CFD Lab1 Report Template.doc to save all the figures and data 8.1. Compare CFD with AFD on friction factor Use the instructions to generate the mesh and setup then iterate the simulation until it converges. Find the relative error between AFD fiction factor ( Factor ye» =0.09774723 1) and friction factor computed by CED, which is computed by: Factoreny ~ Factorary . 1 ygoy Factory To get the value of Factorer , you need first write to file the wall Shear Stress Distribution. Then use EXCEL to open the data file and pick the value close to the pipe exit or inside the fully developed region. ‘Next use the equation C=8*1/(p*U*2) to solve for the Friction Factor. Where C is the friction factor, t is wall shear stress, p is density and U is the inlet velocity. Figures need to be saved: (1) Residual History (2) Centerline Pressure Distribution (3) Centerline Velocity Distribution (4) Wall Shear Stress Distribution (5) Profiles of Axial Velocity at all Streamwise Locations (inlet, outlet, x/D=10,20,40,60,100) with AFD data (6) Contour of Radial Velocity (7) Velocity Vectors in Fully Developed Region. Data need to be saved: (1) Shear Stress in the Developed Region (2) Developing Length (=Length from the pipe inlet to the start of developed region. Use figure of centerline velocity distribution). 8.2. ormalized developed axial velocity profile 8.2.1. Export the axial velocity profile data at x=100d following the instructions in Step 7.10. 8.2.2. Use EXCEL to open the file you exported and normalize the profile using the centerline velocity magnitude, which is the maximum value on that profile. Plot the normalized velocity profile in EXCEL and paste the figure into your report together with other figures you made in Exercise 8.1 8.3. Questions need to be answered when writing CFD Lab 1 report 8.3.1. Can you use centerline pressure distribution to determine the “developing length”? Why? 8.3.2. What is the value for radial velocity at developed region? 8.3.3. Summarize your findings in CFD Lab report and try to relate them to your classroom lectures or textbooks. 44