4A | serore vou co _ cet 1He ric GEAR CHOOSING A BACKPACK BACKPACKS ARE DESIGNED to enable hikers to carry fee large loads comfortably. They are made froma variety of CARRY ONLY WHAT YOU NEED ; Regardless of your pack sie, you ae the materials, most of them waterproof. However, you should She whats ear ing gens nny always use a separate waterproof bag inside your backpack —_strtnualis an bt shred Ty ot a to ensure your sleeping bag and spare othes are kept dry, meant (opel ou os they are of lttle use in a survival situation if they get wet. WHAT DO YOU NEED? INTERNAL-FRAME PACKS. Camps Internat-frame paces are eo ata to Your choice of backpack will depend ona narrowerinprofiethan their mn henge number of factors, How long is your trip? extemal-t-ame counterparts and How much do you intend! to carry? What tend tobe longer with ether one 7) er two internal compartmerts type of gear willyou be taking with you? & jwehner! conpartrat The answers to these questions will Se eine deterrrine the size of pack—Known aS within he pack and usally the *capacity’—that is right for you consists of stays or fat ers, Pack sizes range frorn 30 liters a day about Ln 25 rarb wide and Yasin . it Grr) thick, made from plastic, pack) to 80 liters or mare suitable for rn) shek mai al pla trips lasting a week or more), ta compress the pac which prevents theitems insie the BACKPACK FRAMES padlfrom shifting and throwing Tf you have chosen amedium-to large-sized you afF-balance, pack, you will have to choose between an samantsnermaves internal-oy an externalframe pack gulek access essai ams suuh gs wet weather gear DAY PACK Day hikers can sometimes fd themselves in trouble because they are nat carrying the aanvonriate xuipment to protect them from the lemants. A day pack provides you withthe means lo parry esse heavy loads, a8 the pack sits items such ae feed, water, mans, more squarely on yourtips ‘compasses, and protection from ‘They are also cooler to carry cold and wet weather on 3 day trip. “hia intaral carte pack 4 the ar can circulate betveen toc sour aeleand the pac Sain os Extemal-frame pac usualy onto gear have more pockets on tie Geen catside, which allows you to pack your tens by category, father than packing eerything into on or tows eampartments Thismaes locating stars easier snd allows you to unpack only EXTERNAL-FRAME PACKS, ‘An external framehouses the pack on a ligirtwerght tubing frameviori They are areat for Sia poueh the compartment you need, ee ale rather than the entire pac aya Chest and waist straps ensure a convfortable fitcroosine apackenc | 45 FITTING A BACKPACK (nee you have chosen a backpack of theright size, design, and features for your trip, Laufer sas ean ‘you will ave to make sure that it’s a comfortable fit. You will need someone's help, eee laut here are few tins for ensuring your new/cack sits cornfortaly on your back Sati ses oe chest sbop laomve Seite oe sue ae = nnd singe secret sapbetroutt Soapest caret ° oor bares stent moe First measure your back. The Make sure the pack is a ‘You can now fine-tune pack you choose should be comfortable fit, allowing the packs fit by adjusting based on the length of your torso, for any extra layers of clothing. the shaulder and hi strans. PACKING A BACKPACK Always pack in reverse order: the MAKING A SIMPLE items yau need first should go in last. PACK FRAME oe Heavy items should be placed close Tna survival situation, having tote to your back to prevent the pack something to carry your gear wills $e pulling away from your shoulders. ahuge advantage All you reed to make your awn imravised backoak cou geo rangear : Seatonate atte toto isakeife, same wood, some cord, and 2 waterproof sheet. ssentideln Guta light iu x cus pote bough aout Ait both cord ora 11 GO cm below (OY) Seas the point where fl ¥ Gut notehes on all it branches, leaving threeends ofthe ateut 31m) bough and tie lenntns of above the fork. cord around the notches to serve as straps to go Lover your shouiders, ia off ane loots fom the wood Atta gear topars ‘tempted 40 overload < . ‘your improvised ary your| Wrap your gee ira Groundsheet badzack, even eee postal Ee es Se or waterproof pancho and tie it though ft should. re, Reka: Seauae | Betriat ashigh 25 possinie onto the frame on be able to support. pean ap and mat fake get ‘the side opposite the straps, a good weight.4G | BEFORE YoU GO. GET THE RIGHT GEAR DRESSING FOR THE OUTDOORS MODERN OUTDOOR CLOTHING is technologically ‘(EET REGULATING BODY HEAT advanced and highly sophisticated. New materials and Dott femal to overdress, Seveat cat designs are extremely lightweight, durable, and versatile. Soak you as uct ean atl a utes To make the most of . choose the fabries andl ctange of fxrpeature can eaveyou Jo miake the inost of your gear, choose the fabrics an Seattle, combinations of clothes most suited to the environment. fetus al bod EeTGe ae and conditions in wtiich you are traveling LAYERING CLOTHES dae tel, The rule of layering is simple: several bre hate light layers are better than one heavy Bey temperature layer. Wearing multiple layers oives you flexibility to fine-tune your temperature by taking off or putting on layers to regulate your body heat. Choose fabrios such as wool, fleece, microflesce, and Bute ayer: ? down—all of which are good insulators. OT te fromm entering white HOW LAYERING WORKS pogo Layering is effective because it traps air between the layers of clothes and helps you stay warm in any environment. If you Wear the correct layers inthe right order, Balter: your clothing will mave sweat away from wee your body, keep moisture out, and help: vasutating io keeo you insulted, Wear wicking forse cok weaihor fabries, such as polyorapylene, in hot, and cold weather. THE LAYERING SYSTEM The top (outer layer renes rain while damoness Is wicked away from the sk by the base layer closest tothe skin, The mid-layersinsulatethe Layered gine: body and halp retain warmth lee goves Porsoations sworn cnr Robivopsae saws away lghtveint repetediy tte \\* \. ara tha sito lows belo ‘ater tye foprotect he fingers Floco: «but ito fate thet retains wry, ‘ven fen FS Wet ee sate Sess. pas bie item ee * rE er oe i aS eeWARM-WEATHER CLOTHING ‘T'S vital to stay as coal as possible in warm weather to avoid heat exhaustion or heat stroke (see p, 2723, Too much exposure Lo direct sunlight can cause sunburn and dehydration, and heat yashes can be ‘exacerbated if sweat is not able to evaporate properly, Choose brasthaile fabrics that will ken you cool and protect your skin from the sun, Stay hydrated and always wear aha. Desert hats combines Up sheltering rin of a bgsebl eg with the eck protection of abandlana Fest choose ene ‘nai fran meictre wk fre, whl shorts: 2 fe ‘ofcomertbie arts ca be lunetpped to make tarnintesrarts Pants falonsts ‘onvertbie pat= protec protect the sin from isectsana te fect of sunburn pressine For the outpoors | 4:7 COLD-WEATHER CLOTHING 1 nid weather, you need to pay nayticular attention to your clathing layers, Use a lightweight base layer, which will wick mosiute from your skin, several layers of warn, insulating clothing, and an outer shell that's windproof and ‘waterproof, The seoret to staying comfortable is to adjust your layers as your bndy temperature changes Remove layers as your body temnerature visesto avoid sweating, SH maste bop to ep your fare wormed protect fron cod wins Jkt aa wits down orasyathetic equiva, 4 winger oer yer vil eb yout stay wr i axposed sw younatos. ‘Aroeoe: wcting base ayers come In severat “afrant welts Gloves neold ronments Several jer of ges aesmare offen tha gle tara You ean adifor remove te diferent layers 05 require Leggings: wiking nul Sage are worn, anger wateroof “ants48 | perore you co cer THE RIGHT GEAR WET-WEATHER CLOTHING inmost Sudden dowmpours can occu almost anywhere and it Bis ale pon iseasy to be caught out ty than, The best fares Sci otar wean such cations are those that are breathable, ae waterproof, and allow sweat ta escape—the best Pancheransffectie known of these is Gore-Tex®, Always carry the gear Genre a poneke necessary t tay warn andy, and male sure you oe ‘can access it quickly if you are caught cut— it can See on 286-67) be the difference between comfort and misery HOW BREATHABLE WATERPROOF FABRIC WORKS. Breathable waterproof fabricis 2 laminate of three layers: two layers of mplen on either side of athin layer ‘of micraporous teflon, which oortalns tiny pores—0 ‘umes smaller than the width of @ hurnan hait—that. leeep rain droplets out but alow perstiration (water \apor) to escape, — iinet “ee wy Fes Persobation exapes SOCKS Socks are avital part of your footwear systern. Their function is two-fold. Firstly they cushion the feet and prevent boats from rubbing and causing blste’s Secondly, Woterprofactet: they keep the feet warm and dry ty wicking moisture wey albwssiseat escape from the feet, Note that socks mate from breathable ee eat rab cet wateroroof fabric ean be worn with regular boots ut Were pnts: should not be combined with breathable waterproof boots eourmeere Aagand ps cunonea TH saohepe rset Pein ts GAITERS ers arouse, both ntamperats aneas or keaping q yn the feet and lowar icorfet gant kgs ry and WICKING SOCK WALKING SOCK ‘yooh rears Alightwveigit inner sock The thick fatricof the for keeping that helps wiele moisture -walleing sock offers ‘out snow. aay from the skin and maximum cushioning, reduces friction, comnfort and protectionpressine For the outDoors | 49 FOOTWEAR A number of factors determine which type af footwear is ——— right for you, The first concerns your personal requirements, BREAKING IN BOOTS which include the shape of your feet and the amount of “our boots and fest shoul onexit in support you need. You also need to consider haw far you peefect harmony when you're on the frail are traveling and the type of terrain youll be covering, Then ‘When you buy a pair of honts, wear them atoutd the touse and goon short ies there is cost: footwear varies from the relatively cheap to the TUE ee extremely costly, Bear in mind that if you intend to spend a lot of time in the wilderness, it pays to invest a lttie extra in comfortable, sturdy footwear. ‘apes pw oat . Wsguesiy when vel ard sn aaistade aosithe fot terete ANATOMY OF A SOLE ies eee eee ‘Ainot sole has several Layers fo peoteot ‘tice fo ad supe your fet, Look fora gan) ayers ‘ad the outank, and for cushnning beneath the heel and toe ateas Cushioning pods Ercole stabies ‘lsorbchock foot and iwepsit Mok Modern sandat bos olty| Shocteateorting ste ghes constricted cles aged comfort on bard tras alent Sankpate fori SANDALS LIGHTWEIGHT BOOT Modem sandal designs offer Fabric and leather hybrids aro ones reat support and are extremely increasinaly popular because they Htc crates cernfortable, while offering canine te suport and traction te nidok aueitionalvertiation of aheavier shoe withthe feniblity — of sports shoe so there ils friction on the feot, High ones keep se off sour pats The ded nite prowlaes camjort gna support cane wagers we gested to agp the fet coat Sle proviaes arp Sole contains wide, abe stato Cremaone ca be ated for ‘slppery grou! provide oon the wet ground ‘xtra gia on fs and sow HIKING BOOTS JUNGLE-TREKKING BOOT CLIMBING/HIKING ‘A compromise between weight, durability, This is abigh tootmade fromratproof HYBRID BOOT ‘and pratectian produces a good, all-rouned leather and canvaswilh a directly More flesitlethan traditional climting leather Hoot with asole ofhard-wearing oli sole, Brealrer holes inthe boots, madern hybrid boats are decigned rubber, such as Vibram, water-resistant instep aid ventilation and help to cain be worn with cramnpons and to keep Uppers, and valuable support fr the ances. maisture m hat ar hum conditions. the Feet warm in wery cold ensrorments