TEMS Layer3 Messages Analysis V2 PDF

TEMS Layer3
Messages Analysis
Layer3 Messages
1. Introduction
(45 minutes)
Radio Network Planning and Optimization

Layer3 Messages
What is Layer3?
• In the protocol stack of GSM signaling, composed of 3 layer, L1, L2 and L3.
• In L3 there are 3 sub-layers, Radio Resource (RR), Mobility Management (MM) and Connection
Management (CM).
MS BTS BSC MSC
CM CM
MM MM
RR BSSAP
BSSAP
RR
BTSM
RR BTSM SCCP SCCP
LAPDm LAPDm LAPD MTP MTP
Layer1 Layer1 Layer1 Layer1 Layer1
Um Interface Abis Interface A Interface

Layer3 Messages
What is Layer3?
• From the diagram, we can imply that all the information which MS
would like to talk with the network are done in the Layer 3.
• The flow of the message is so-called Message Flow Chart or
Signaling Flow Chart.
MS Network
Note: Actual TA for the connection and MS Power level are send
in Layer1 on SACCH.

Layer3 Messages
What is Layer3?
Hierarchy of 3 sub-layers
• RR sub-layer provides services to the MM

sub-layer and utilizes the services of
signaling layer 2.
• MM sub-layer provides common services

to the entities of the Connection
Management (CM) sub-layer.
- the CM sub-layer includes, among others,

the CC, SS, and SMS entities, which are
independent entities.

Layer3 Messages
Practice
1. What is the layer 1, explain roughly?
Answer: Layer 1 specify the physical layer of the
connection.
2. SCCP and MTP is the protocol layer of what standard?

Answer: SS7 signaling.
3. In what layer and channel which BSC send ordered TA and

ordered power level to the mobile station?
Answer: Layer 1 header on SACCH/ DL.

Layer3 Messages
Layer 3 Protocol
(2 hours)

Layer3 Messages
Radio Resource Management

• General Purpose
• Establish, Maintain and Release the RR connection.
• Cell selection/Reselection and Handover Procedure.
• Provide service for the upper layer.
• RR will related to the following procedure (CS)
• Idle mode procedures.
• RR Connection establishment.
• Initiate by MS
• Paging from network
• Dedicated mode procedure.
• Example messages
• System Information Type1-8.
• Handover command.
• Assignment Command.
• Immediate Assignment Command.

Layer3 Messages
Radio Resource Management (Cont.)

1. Idle mode Procedure
• Mobile Sides
• Listen to the BCCH and Paging Sub-channel of serving cell.
• Measure the radio propagation and decode BCCH of
surrounding cells.
• Calculate C1/C2 in order to perform Cell Selection/ Reselection.
• Network Sides
• Broadcast the system information on BCCH.
• Paging on CCCH (PCH).

Layer3 Messages

Mobile Turn on Comment : SS=Signal Strength
PLMN Selection Cell Selection

From specification 3GPP 44.018
Scan RF Carrier
3-5 second average windows
Selected Strongest average SS No

C 1 = A − Max ( B ,0)
By Search for FCCH A = Rxlev − RXLEV _ ACCESS _ MIN
Is it BCCH?
Yes
No B = MSPWR _ MAX _ CCH − P
Tuned to SCH
for decode BSIC
and decode System Info
CBQ CB Cell Selection Cell Reselection
High(1) NO (0) Normal Normal
Calculate Cell Selection
Criteria (C1) Try at least 30 Strongest High(1) YES(1) Barred Barred
RF channel for GSM900,
or 40 for GSM1800 Low(0) NO (0) Low Normal
or 40 for GSM 1900
Suitable Cell
Low(0) YES(1) Low Normal
Exist?
Yes
Camp on Suitable Cell

Layer3 Messages

Cell Selection
SS DL
Allow MS Access to N/W Not Allow MS Access

due to ACCMIN .
Not Allow MS Access due to

Mobile Class can't transmiss
Maximum Power that N/W allow.
Radio tower

Layer3 Messages
Cell Re-selection Mobile Turn on From specification 3GPP 44.018
PLMN Selection
C 2 = C 1 + CRO − TO * H ( PT − t ), PT <> 11111
C 2 = C 1 − CRO , PT = 11111
Cell Selection
H ( x ) = 0, x < 0
Ms Update SS of Serving Cell every
5 to Max(5, 5 consecutive paging block)
MS Measuring Signal and
H ( x ) = 1, x ≥ 0
Decode System Info from
Serving Cell Criteria :
Ms Update SS of Neighboring Cells every
5 to Max(5, [(5*N+6)div7]*MFRM/4) 1.Serving cell becomes barred.
N=BCCH in the BA List
MFRM=Multiframe for paging group
MS Measuring Signal, BSIC and 2.MS tried to access network for the
Decode System Info from
Neighboring Cell
NO allowed number of time.(MAXRET
time.(MAXRET))
3.MS detects a downlink signaling
failure.
fullfil Cell 4.C1 of Serving Cell <0 for 5 seconds.
Reselection
Criteria? 5.C2 of Neighbor > C2 of Serving for 5
Seconds.
YES 6.If Cell Reselection take place at last
15 seconds C2 of Neighbor > C2 of
MS Select the new Cell
Serving 5 dB for 5 Seconds .

Layer3 Messages

• System Information
In idle mode, we can find the following system information broadcast on BCCH.
RACH control parameter and Cell channel

System Information Type 1 Optional allocation.
RACH control parameter and BCCH Allocation
System Information Type 2 Mandatory of neighbor cells.
RACH control parameter and extension of
System Information Type 2bis Optional BCCH Allocation of neighbor cells.
RACH control parameter and extension of
System Information Type 2ter Optional BCCH Allocation of neighbor cells.
RACH control parameter, LAI, CI and other cell
System Information Type 3 Mandatory parameter for idle mode.
RACH control parameter, LAI, CI and other cell
System Information Type 4 Mandatory parameter for idle mode.
System Information Type 7 Optional Cell Reselection parameter.
System Information Type 8 Optional Cell Reselection parameter.
System Information Type 13 Optional GPRS information in cell.

Layer3 Messages

• Paging
Mobile will listen to the PCH channel which carried Paging request message.
There are 3 type of Paging Request.
Paging request type 1 Identify up to 2 mobiles with TMSI or IMSI

Paging request type 2 Identify up to 3 mobiles with TMSI or IMSI
Paging request type 3 Identify up to 4 mobiles with TMSI
• RACH Control Parameters

Exist in all mandatory system information in idle because it is allowed MS to
access the network any time (Random Access).
• MAX Retransmission – number of Maximum retransmission on RACH.

• Tx-Integer – Spreading time for the next retransmission.
• Cell Bar Access – Allow MS to camp in Idle mode.
• Call Re-establishment – Allow MS to re-connect to network after call drop.

Layer3 Messages

• Message flow in idle mode
MS Network
System Information Type 1

Send on BCCH
Send on BCCH
Send on BCCH
Send on BCCH
System Information Type 2ter
Send on BCCH
Synch Channel Information
Send on SCH
Paging Request Type 1
Send on CCCH (PCH)
Send on CCCH (PCH)
Send on CCCH (PCH)

Layer3 Messages

2. RR Connection Establishment
• Mobile Initiate connection
• Permission to access the network.
• Initiate of Immediate Assignment procedure.
• Answer from the network.
• Assignment Completion.
• Paging procedure for RR connection

• Paging initiation by the network.
• Paging Response

Layer3 Messages

• Message flow in RR Connection Establishment
MS Network
Paging Request Type 1, 2, 3

Send on CCCH
Channel Request
Send on RACH
Immediate Assignment
Send on AGCH
Paging Response (CM Service Request)

Send on SDCCH
GPRS Suspension Request

Send on SDCCH
Classmark Change
Send on SDCCH

Layer3 Messages
3. Dedicated mode Procedures
• SACCH Procedure
• Network send System Information to MS on SACCH/DL.
• MS report the radio condition to network by Measurement Report on SACCH/UL.
• Channel Assignment Procedure

• Network initiate channel assignment by sending ASSIGNMENT COMMAND.
• If successful, MS send ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE to network.
• Handover Procedure
• After Network prepared the target channel, network initiate Handover by sending
HANDOVER COMMAND to the MS.
• Mobile send HANDOVER ACCESS in order to try to establish the physical
channel at target cell.
• If MS successful to establish the connection in lower layer, HANDOVER
COMPLETE message will send to network.
• Ciphering mode setting
• Network send CIPHERING MODE COMMAND.
• MS will do the ciphering and reply CIPHERING MODE COMPLETE.

Layer3 Messages
• Message flow in Assignment and Ciphering
MS Network
Ciphering Mode Command

Send on SDCCH
Ciphering Mode Complete

Send on SDCCH
Setup
Send on SDCCH
Call Proceeding/Call Confirmed

Send on SDCCH
Assignment Command
Send on SDCCH
Assignment Complete
Send on FACCH
Alerting
Send on FACCH

Layer3 Messages
• Message flow in SACCH and Handover
MS Network
System Information Type5 (5ter)

Send on SACCH
System Information Type6

Send on SACCH
Measurement Report
Send on SACCH
Handover Command
Send on FACCH
Handover Access
Send on FACCH
Physical Information
Send on FACCH
Handover Complete
Send on FACCH

Layer3 Messages
Mobility Management
• General Purpose
• Support the mobility of users, e.g. the location of users, and
provide the confidential of the users.
• Provide connection management services to the upper sub-layer.
• MM will related to the following procedure (CS)
• MM common procedures
• TMSI Reallocation.
• Authentication.
• Identification.
• IMSI detach.
• MM specific procedures
•Location updating.
• Periodic updating.
• IMSI attach.
• Connection Management sub-layer service provision
• MM connection Establishment.

Layer3 Messages
Mobility Management (cont.)
1. MM Common Procedures
• TMSI reallocation procedure
• Protection of IMSI to transmit in the radio interface signaling.
• TMSI is unique with in LAI, so usually TMSI reallocation is performed at least
when changing the location area.
• However, The TMSI reallocation can be initiated by the network at any time while
a RR connection exists between the network and the MS (usually in location
update, call setup).
• Authentication
• permit the network to check the identity of the MS.
• provide parameters for MS to calculate ciphering key.
• Identification
• Network request MS to provide the specific identification parameters to the
network, e.g. IMEI.
• IMSI Detach
• MS inform the network when switch off in order to change the status of this MS
in the VLR.
• This procedure are required when ATT flag, broadcasted in System Information
is set.
• MS initiate IMSI detach procedure by send IMSI DETACH INDICATION message.

Layer3 Messages
2. MM Specific Procedures
• Location Update
• There are 3 types of location update
• Normal location update use for update the actual LAI of MS, when the LAI is
changed.
• If the MS cross the location area in dedicated mode, location update is
performed after MS leave dedicated mode to MM idle state.
• Location update is always initiated by MS.
• Periodic updating
• Controlled by T3212 in the mobile.
• The timer is stopped and reset to the initial value when
• LOCATION UPDATE ACCEPT or LOCATION UPDATE REJECT is received
• AUTHENTICATION REJECT is received.
• The first MM message is received.
• MS is deactivated (switch off).
• when the timer expired, location update is started.
• IMSI Attach
• IMSI Attach is a compliment of IMSI detach, to inform the network that MS once
again activate.
• It is also controlled by ATT flag in System Information.

Layer3 Messages
• Message flow in MM
MS Network
TMSI Reallocation Command

Send on SDCCH
TMSI Reallocation Complete
Send on SDCCH
Authentication Request
Send on SDCCH
Authentication Response
Send on SDCCH
Identity Request
Send on SDCCH
Identity Response
Send on SDCCH
Location Update Request
Send on SDCCH
Location Update Accept
Send on SDCCH
IMSI Detach Indication
Send on SDCCH

Layer3 Messages
Circuit-switch Call Control (CC)
• General Purpose
• CC is one of Connection Management (CM) sub-layer (others are
SS and SMS).
• Use to establish, maintain and release the call.
• MM will related to the following procedure (CS)
• Call Establishment procedures
• Mobile originating call.
• Mobile Terminating call.
• Call Clearing
• Clear initiate by mobile station.
• Clearing initiate by network.
• Example messages
• Setup.
• Alerting.
• Call Proceeding.
• Connect.

Layer3 Messages
Circuit-switch Call Control (Cont.)
• Message flow in CC (mobile originating call)
MS Network
Setup
Send on SDCCH
Call Proceeding
Send on SDCCH
Alerting
Send on FACCH
Connect
Send on FACCH
Connect Acknowledge
Send on FACCH

Layer3 Messages
Circuit-switch Call Control (Cont.)
• Message flow in CC (mobile Terminated call)
MS Network
Setup
Send on SDCCH
Call Confirmed
Send on SDCCH
Alerting
Send on FACCH
Connect
Send on FACCH
Connect Acknowledge
Send on FACCH

Layer3 Messages
Practice for Layer 3 Protocol

1. Paging Response is belong to which Layer 3 sub-layer?
Answer: RR Sub-layer.
2. What will happen if T3212 is longer than Implicit detach Timer

in MSC/VLR?
Answer: People can not call to this mobile, because
MSC/VLR already mark it as implicit detach.
3. Where we can find RACH control parameters and why?

Answer: In System Information Type 1, 2, 3 and 4
because mobile may need them to access the
network any time (Random Access).

Layer3 Messages

RACH Control Parameter
MS can send maximum Channel Request
= Max retransmission+1.
• The interval between retransmission is a
random value uniformly select form the
following set {S,S+1,…S+Tx-integer-1}.
non-combined combined
TX-integer CCCH CCCH/SDCCH
3,8,14,50 55 41
4,9,16 76 52
5,10,20 109 58
6,11,25 163 86
7,12,32 217 115
• Cell barred Access prevent MS to camp

on this cell in Idle mode (cell selection/Re-
selection).
• Call reestablishment allow MS send
RACH to resume the connection after call
dropped.

Layer3 Messages

BCCH Allocation List
MS will get the ARFCH of BCCH of
surrounding cell it has to measure and
decode in idle mode from this messages.
• MS will not scan, synch or decode any
frequencies that are not in this list
• in Type 2 it will send the list of the same
band of the serving cell, BCCH allocation
list of different band will be sent in Type
2ter.
• In type 2ter also contain the information
about how many neighbors from different
band mobiles have to add in the
measurement report.
NCC permitted
MS will use this value when it first enter to
dedicated mode before it get new in
formation on SACCH.

Layer3 Messages
Control channel
• ATT IMSI attach/detach flag
• BS-AG-BLKS-RES number of block
reserve for access grant, use in the
calculation of paging group.
• CCCH-CONF indicate whether CCCH
is combined with SDCCH.
• BS-PA-MFRMS Multiframe for paging
group calculation.
• T3212 periodic registration timer.
PAGING_GROUP
= {(IMSI mod 1000) mod
(BS_CC_CHANS x N)} mod N
N = number of paging block

= (number of paging blocks "available"
in a 51- multiframe on one CCCH)
x BS_PA_MFRMS.
Cell Option
• DTX indicator whether mobile shall
use DTX or not.
• RADIO-LINK-TIMEOUT the radio link
timeout for DL connection that mobile
will use for this cell.

Layer3 Messages

Paging group calculation for particular subscriber
• PAGING_GROUP (0 .. N-1) = {(IMSI mod 1000) mod (BS_CC_CHANS x N)} mod N
• CCCH_GROUP (0 .. BS_CC_CHANS-1) = {(IMSI mod 1000) mod (BS_CC_CHANS x N)} div N
• where
• N = number of paging blocks "available" on one CCCH = (number of paging blocks "available"
in a 51-multiframe on one CCCH) x BS_PA_MFRMS.
• IMSI = International Mobile Subscriber Identity, as defined in 3GPP TS 03.03.
• BS_CC_CHANS = number of CCCH timeslots on BCCH frequency.
– mod = Modulo.
– div = Integer division.

Layer3 Messages

Broadcast as similar
information as System
Information Type3 but
less detail.

Layer3 Messages
Synch Channel Information

Synchronization data
• BSIC base station Identity Code, determine the cell (6
bits).
• T1, T2, T3’ is the reduced frame number (19 bits).

• The T1, T2, T3’ was derived from the actual frame
number.
• T1 (11 bits) = FN div (26x51)
• T2 (5 bits) = FN mod 26
• T3’ (3 bits) = (T3-1) div 10
Where T3 = FN mod 51

Layer3 Messages
Paging Request Type1
Mobile Identity
• Can contain maximum 2 mobile identity
with TMSI or IMSI.

Layer3 Messages

Mobile Identity
• Can contain maximum 3 mobile identity
with TMSI or IMSI.

Layer3 Messages

Mobile Identity
• Can contain maximum 4 mobiles identity with
TMSI only.

Layer3 Messages
Channel Request
Random Access Information

• Establishment cause contain the reason for requesting the establishment of the connection.
• Random reference random value as a reference to the network when channel is assigned.

Layer3 Messages
Channel Request
Bit Pattern between Random Reference and Establishment cause can be found in
specification 44.018. We can see there are some bit pattern that are not defined in the
table.

Layer3 Messages
Channel Description
• The details of target physical
channel of SDCCH which MS have
to camp on in dedicated mode.
Request Reference
• Include the Establishment cause
and random reference value from
the channel request.
Timing Advance
• The initial timing advance values,
which BSC calculate from the delay
of random access.

Layer3 Messages
TA calculation in Call setup
Access burst
TA value (bit period)

Layer3 Messages
Classmark Change
Encryption algorithm support
• mobile will declare all Encryption algorithm it
support.
MS power capability
• mobile power class
GSM900
MS Power Output Sensitivity
Class power [dBm] [dBm]
2 39 -106
3 37 -106
4 33 -104
5 29 -104
GSM1800
MS Power Output Sensitivity
Class power [dBm] [dBm]
1 30 -104
2 24 -104

Layer3 Messages
Ciphering Mode Command
Cipher mode setting

• It will inform mobile that in which ciphering algorithm
will be used in this connection.
RAND
A8 Kc
Ki
Kc Kc
data data
data
A5 A5 data

Layer3 Messages
Assignment Command
Description of the channel
• Channel Type indicate the target channel (TCHF/TCHH).
• TN target TCH timeslot number.
• TSC training sequence code.
• Hopping RF channel whether target channel is HOPPING.
• MAIO start MAI for hopping.
• HSN hopping sequence number.
Power Command
• Power level the initial power use in this connection.
Cell channel description
• Channels the frequency available in this cells.
Mobile allocation
• Mobile allocation array the frequency which will use when
hopping.

Layer3 Messages
BCCH Allocation List

• As same as System Information Type2 in idle mode, System Information Type5 contain the BA List
which mobile have to monitor in dedicated mode.
• in Type 5 it will send the list of the same band of the serving cell, BCCH allocation list of different
band will be sent in Type 5ter.
• In type 5ter also contain the information about how many neighbors from different band mobiles have
to add in the measurement report.

Layer3 Messages
Cell options
• PWRC indicated.
• DTX indicator whether DTX is used.
• Radio Link Timeout The counter of radio link
failure and release the channel.
RLT (max)
0 SACCH
Drop Call
Radio link timeout work in following manner, when

MS fail to decode SACCH block it will decrease by
one, but if the SACCH block can be decode again
its increment is 2.
NCC permitted
• MS will not report the signal level of the
cell which NCC are not belong or exist in
this list.

Layer3 Messages
Measurement Report
Serving Cell measurement
• RxLev Full rxlevel of serving cell average for full
set.
• Rxlev Sub rxlevel of serving cell average for sub
set
• RxQual full rxqual of serving cell average for full
set.
• RxQual Sub rxqual of serving average for sub
set.
Six strongest neighbor

• RxLev rxlevel on BCCH of neighboring cell .
• BSIC BSIC of the neighbor.
• BCCH-INDEX the index of BCCH on BA List in
system information type5.

Layer3 Messages
Handover Command
Cell Description
• BCCH and BSIC of the
target cell.
Channel Description
• allocated channel at target
cell, in case of Hopping it will
inform MAIO and HSN.
Handover Reference
• reference value use to
identify the Handover Access
from the mobile.
Synchronization
• indicate the handover is
synchronous or
asynchronous. Synchronous
handover case after MS send
Handover Access, it will tune
the transceiver to the target
channel without waiting for
message.

Layer3 Messages
Handover Access
Handover Reference
• Refer that this Handover Access belong to which
Handover Command.
Handover Access is a very short message (1 octet),

which using Access Burst as same as Channel
Request.
In some case , it is possible that this Handover

Access will trigger the allocation of SDCCH of
surrounding cells because they think it is the
channel request message.
This phenomena can cause the problem on

immediate assignment success rate.

Layer3 Messages
Timing Advance
• This timing advance tell the mobile about the
timing advance which will use in the target cell.
• The mechanism of detect the timing advance is

as same as in immediate assignment procedure
because the burst structure using for channel
request (Random Access) and handover access
is the same.
Access Burst

Layer3 Messages
Location Update Request
Location Update Type
• Indicate the type of location update.
Location Area Identity

• the information of current LAI stored in SIM card
(old LAI).
Mobile Station Classmark
• contain MS capability.
Mobile Identity
• Identity of the MS can be either TMSI or IMSI.

Layer3 Messages
Location Update Accept
Location Area Identity
• the information of new LAI which will replace the
current LAI in SIM card.
Mobile Identity
• New TMSI which MS will use in the new LAI, in
this case MS have to send TMSI
REALLOCATION COMPLETE in order to confirm
the use of new TMSI to the network and there are
no TMSI REALLOCATION COMAND sent in this
case.

Layer3 Messages
Authentication Request
Authentication parameter
• From the Triplet, MSC send RAND to the MS in
Authentication Request Message.
• MS will use this RAND value to calculate SRES and
answer the value in Authentication Response.

Layer3 Messages
• MS use RAND as input of A3 algorithm together with
Ki stored in the SIM card.
• The output of the operation is SRES.
• MS return SRES to MSC via AUTHENTICATION
RESPONSE message.
• MSC will check compare the SRES with the one that
calculated in MSC.
RAND
A3 SRES
Ki

Layer3 Messages
Setup (MOC)
Bearer Capability
• MS send the bearer capability to MSC in
order to assign the TCH channel.
Called party BCD number
• target MSISDN for this call.

Layer3 Messages
Setup (MTC)
Bearer Capability
• This case MSC ask for the bearer capability of the
MS.
• MS answer its capability and prefer channel type to
MSC on CALL CONFIRMED in order to get TCH
channel.
Calling party BCD number

• MSISDN who call this MS.

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TEMS Layer3

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

MS BTS BSC MSC

Um Interface Abis Interface A Interface

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

• RR sub-layer provides services to the MM

• MM sub-layer provides common services

- the CM sub-layer includes, among others,

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

2. SCCP and MTP is the protocol layer of what standard?

3. In what layer and channel which BSC send ordered TA and

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

Radio Resource Management

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

Radio Resource Management (Cont.)

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

Radio Resource Management (Cont.)

PLMN Selection Cell Selection

Selected Strongest average SS No

Camp on Suitable Cell

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

Radio Resource Management (Cont.)

Allow MS Access to N/W Not Allow MS Access

Not Allow MS Access due to

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

Radio Resource Management (Cont.)

RACH control parameter and Cell channel

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

Radio Resource Management (Cont.)

Paging request type 1 Identify up to 2 mobiles with TMSI or IMSI

• RACH Control Parameters

• MAX Retransmission – number of Maximum retransmission on RACH.

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

Radio Resource Management (Cont.)

System Information Type 1

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

Radio Resource Management (Cont.)

• Paging procedure for RR connection

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

Radio Resource Management (Cont.)

Paging Request Type 1, 2, 3

Paging Response (CM Service Request)

GPRS Suspension Request

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

• Channel Assignment Procedure

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

Ciphering Mode Command

Ciphering Mode Complete

Call Proceeding/Call Confirmed

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

System Information Type5 (5ter)

System Information Type6

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

TMSI Reallocation Command

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

Radio Network Planning and Optimization

Radio Network Planning and Optimization