SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Module 1

Introduction to System Analysis and Design

Information system

 Information systems are interrelated

components working together to collect,
process, store, and disseminate information to
support decision making, coordination, control,
analysis, and visualization in an organization.
Major Types of Information System

 Enterprise Computing Systems

 Transaction Processing Systems
 Business Support Systems
 Knowledge Management Systems
 User Productivity Systems
 Enterprise Computing Systems
 Refers to information systems that support company-
wide data management requirements.
Ex: airline reservation, credit card billing

 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems

provide cost-effective data access for users and
managers throughout the company.
 Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

 Transaction Processing (TP) systems and Online

Transaction Processing (OLTP) systems are called
operational systems because they process data
generated by day-to-day business operations.

Ex: customer billing, accounts receivable, warranty claim

processing.
 Business Support Systems

 Provide job-related information support to users at all

levels of a company

 Management Information System (MIS)

 Knowledge Management Systems

 Sometimes called expert systems because they

simulate human reasoning by combining a
knowledgebase and inference rules that determine
how the knowledge is applied.
 Knowledge Management Systems

 A knowledge base consisting of a large database

allows users of find information by clicking menus,
typing keywords, or entering text questions in normal
English phrases.
 Knowledge Management Systems

 Inference rules are logical rules that identify data

patterns and relationships.

 Fuzzy logic allows logical inferences to be drawn from

imprecise relationships.
 User Productivity Systems

 Provide employees at all organizational levels with a

wide array of tools that can improve quality of job
performance

Ex: LAN, WAN, email, video conference

Information System Users
Information System Users
 Information System Users

Organizational Structure
Top Management
Top managers develop long-range plans, called
strategic plans that define the company’s overall
mission and goals.
Organizational Structure
Middle Management
Middle managers focus their goals on a shorter time
frame, usually ranging from one month to one year.

They develop plans to achieve business objectives

in a process called tactical planning.
Organizational Structure
Lower Management
Supervisors and team leaders oversee operational
employees and carry out day-to-day operational plans.
Organizational Structure
Operational Employees
Operational employees primarily use TP systems to enter
and receive data they need to perform their jobs.

A trend, called empowerment,

gives employees more responsibility and accountability.
 Information Technology Department
• The information technology (IT) department develops and
maintains a company’s information systems
• The IT group provides technical support
 Information Technology Department
• Application Development
– Team may include users, managers and IT Staff members
• Systems Support and Security
– Deployment team
• User Support
– Help desk or information center (IC)
 Information Technology Department
• Database Administration
– Database design, management, security, backup, and user
access
• Network Administration
– Includes hardware and software maintenance, support, and
security
• Web Support
– Webmasters
 Information Technology Department
• Quality Assurance (QA)
– Reviews and tests all applications and systems changes to
verify specifications and software quality standards
– Is a separate unit that reports directly to IT management.
 The Systems Analyst Position
• A systems analyst investigates, analyzes, designs,
develops, installs, evaluates, and maintains a company’s
information systems
• On large projects, the analyst works as a member of an IT
department team
• Smaller companies often use consultants to perform the
work.
The Systems Analyst Position
• A systems analyst investigates, analyzes, designs, develops,
installs, evaluates, and maintains a company’s information
systems

• On large projects, the analyst works as a member of an IT

department team

• Smaller companies often use consultants to perform the work

The System Analyst Approach to Problem Solving
• Research and understand the problem
• Verify the benefits of solving the problem outweigh the cost
• Define the requirements of solving the problem
• Develop a set of possible solutions
• Decide which solution is best and make a recommendation
• Define the details of the chosen solution
• Monitor to make sure that you obtain the desired result
The Systems Analyst Position
• Responsibilities
• Translate business requirements into practical IT projects to meet needs

• Required Skills and Background

• Solid communication skills and analytic ability
Business knowledge and technique
• The system analyst needs to know the following:
• What business function does the organization perform?

• How are organizations structured?

• How are organizations managed?

• What type of work goes on in organization?

People knowledge and Skills
• It is critical that the analyst understand how people
• Think
• Learn
• React to change
• Communicate
• Work
Integrity and Ethics
• System analyst are expected to uphold the highest ethical standards
when it comes to private proprietary information they might encounter
on the job
Typical Job Titles
• Programmer analyst
• Business system analyst
• System liaison
• System Consultant
• System Support Analyst
• System Designer
• Software Engineer
• System Architect
• Web Master
• Web Developer