sie ul be completed i we years woe Conidutor vacancies mb Traaport Mine, Me CX. Nama, a wi e House a answer Pemenee re eclithe Mr, Joveph ead the Angarnaly Marad old the Houte through « writen spe gusto four oay. ste te National wey 6 oad ae Ker Sie ag erph ithe Government vols nl preliminary works eon ta new _Ttvenaispara at 26 Rall | sepycyatmenetictiine | Roa Sadeckaniearer | Gourumeahana, i eae ~ La et, 3 7 : ec Reo ene SUE, nmrtg a bing KocM| Aaa 2, Malaga a et taunts woeeae™ f ee Tar is the by-product of prégucing gas from coal. Bitumen is the residue from the crude oil refining after gas, petrol défed Oct other oils diesel ond rue that a meting of PWD. are removed cr from the southern States would | bed tr a The " life" of a well constructed pavement Hail overbric sell | ‘built according to MOST specifications — He Joeeh sald the Roads and Bridges which equate to international standards Conoration would take up construction SHOULD BE 20 years +! 2 alway verblges wthastance_| Hot Climates and excessive vehicle loadings are determinental to road life. The worst condition is constant freezing and thawing (melting) when freezing water expands as ice and any voids in the road break apart the surroundingg bitumen macadam. Kerala does not suffer, from frosts! oxidads ‘The "usual" maintenance is of course essential, Bitumen oxidés in the heat and eventually becomes brittle and cracks begin to appear inthe surface All bituminous roads are designed to be flexible but they will fail if not maintained (Hence possible improved performance with rubber) Routine Maintenance — keeps vegetation under control , preserve sight lines & safety = Keeps surface water in the ditches and off the roads and shoulders where it erodes surfaces and inconveniences users ~ especially pedestrians — (dangerous). Recurrent Maintenance — sealing of small areas of cracking , filling potholes and repairing edge erosion of shoulders which could eat into the edge of the main carriageway and reduce its effective width — also danger especially to two wheelers.Periodic Maintenance ~ This must be carried out " periodically”. It will be seen that in section 11.4.2 of the Feasibility Study we described the maintenance ....which is practical and which’ HDM considered in the cost analysis, Routine maintenance is essential at approximately $500 per km per year. We did not cost the recurrent maintenance which could cost a further $ 500 per km per year, input in the first five year of a pavement life should be minimal, but itis essential on older roads. Periodic Maintenance ejage'should be planned as stated :- A bitumen reseai in year 6 ‘A 40 mm paved overlay in year 12 ‘A further bitumen rescal in year 18 itumen reseal in year carefal ‘Tyese,,treatments.are “condition trigged,£0 the precise has to be planned after road condition monitoring - engineers WALKING their roads to watch 4 carefully for early signs of distress - hairline c1 Joss of chipping from the surface due to onidafon sie erade> The cost of a reseal is approximately $ 1 per square metre while the cost of an overlay is about $ 10 per square metre and thefe must be calculated over the " whole life cost™ of the roads life. The use of additives such as lateX should only follow careful site trails with specific road stone under local conditions . Some western labs could use accelerated deterioration trials in a laboratory but the whole subject is highly technical! Please check out the press statements to see if any of it impinges on our project. Davidl Wood 23.06.2000