Reyzel B.

Pascual September 1, 2016

9-Lavoisier
RESEARCH I

1. THE DIFFERENT STEPS IN RESEARCH PROCESS:

STEP 1:Identify and develop your topic-Selecting a topic can be the most
challenging part of a research assignment. Since this is the very first step in writing a
paper,it is a vital that it be done correctly. Once you have identified your topic,it may
help to state it as a question.
STEP 2:Do a preliminary search for information-Before beginning your research
in earnest,do a preliminary search to determine whether there is enough information
out there for your needs and to set the context of your research.
STEP 3:Locate materials-With the direction of your research now clear to you,you
can begin locating material on your topic.
STEP 4:Evaluate your resources-This step is especially important when using
internet resources,many of which are regarded as less than reliable.
STEP 5: Make notes-Consult the resources you have chosen and note the
information that will be useful in your paper. Be sure to document all the sources you
consult,even if you there is a chance you may not use that particular source.
STEP 6:Write your paper-Begin by organizing the information you have collected.
This step will help you organize your ideasand determine the form your final paper
will take.
STEP 7:Cite your sources properly-Citing or documenting the sources used in your
research serves two purpose: it gives proper credit to the authors of the materials
used,and it allows those who are reading your work to duplicate your research and
locate the sources that you have listed as references.
STEP 8:Proofread-The final step in the process is to proofread the paper you have
created. Make sure the sources you use are cited properly. Make sure the message that
you want to get across to the reader has been thoroughly stated.
2. THE DIFFERENT CHARACTEISTICS OF RESEARCH
a) Empirical-Research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher.
b) Cyclical-Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends with
a problem.
c) Logical-Research is based on valid procedures and principles.
d) Analytical-Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the
data,wheter historical,descriptive,experimental and case study.
e) Critical-Research exhibits careful and precise judgement.
f) Methodical-Research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using
systematic method and procedures.
g) Replicability-The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable
the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results.
h) Research Design-refers to the overall strategy that you choose to integrate the
different components of the study in a coherent and logical way,thereby,ensuring you
 will effectively address the research problem;it constitutes the blueprint for the
collection,measurement,and analysis of data.
A.Research Tools and Techniques-any instrument used by the researcher to collect
the information or data is called Research Tools. Schedule and Questionnare are used
to collect the information. Hence, these are tools, we can also use
interview,recall,focus,group study and others as a research tools for data collection.
List of Research Techniques:
 Observation
 Site Visit/Field Research
 Contextual Inquiry
 Surveys/Questionnaire
 Focus Groups
 Interviews
 Brainstorming
 Web Analytical
B. Data Collection Tool- is the process of gathering and measuring information on
targerted variables in an established systematic fashion,which enables one to answer
relevant questions and evaluate outcomes. The data collection component of research is
common to all fields of study including physical and social sciences,humanities and
business. It helps us collect the main points as gathered information. The goal for all data
collection is to capture quality evidence that then translates to rich data analysis and
allows the building of a convincing and credible answer to questions that have been
posed.
4 types of data collection:
1) Conducting Questionnaire Surveys-Standardized paper-and-pencil or
phone questionnaires that ask predetermined questions.
2) Interviews-Structured or unstructured one-on-one directed conversations
with key individuals or leaders in a community.
3) Focus Groups-Structured interviews with small groups of like individuals
using standardized questions, follow-up questions and exploration of other
topics that arise to better understanding participants.
4) Action Researcher-An intervention that is practicable(researcher does
something to implant a modification or intervention in a situation that is
researchable).

Reference:
https://www.google.com.ph/search
https://www.interaction-design.org