Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Pharmacy
Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics 1 (PHCP 311)

MANAGEMENT OF
PSYCHIATRIC
NERVOUS SYSTEM
DISORDERS
OBJECTIVES

• To explain the pathophysiology of Diffirent

Psychiatric Nervous System Disorders
• To identify the factors that may induce and
potentiate the disease
• To discuss the clinical presentation as well the
diagnosis and laboratory evaluation.
• To create a therapeutic outcome.

Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Pharmacy
Management of
Psychiatric Nervous
System Disorders

• BIPOLAR
• MAJOR DEPRESSIVE
• SCHIZOPHRENIA

Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Pharmacy
BIPOLAR DISORDER

• Also known as Manic depression

• Severe high and low moods and changes n
sleep, energy, thinking and behavior
• These feelings involves irritability and
impulsive or reckless decision making

Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Pharmacy
DIAGNOSIS

• They frequently diagnosed with ADHD

Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Pharmacy
TREATMENT

• Medication
• Mood Stabilizers
• Antipsychotics
• Antidepressants
• Anti anxiety medications

• Continued therapy sessions

• Substance abuse treatment
• Hospitalization

Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Pharmacy
TREATMENT

• Finding right medication

• Thisrequires patience, your doctor will help you
to identify which medication perfectly works for
you.
• Side effects
• Stoptaking it when you experiencing symptoms
that worsens the condition.

Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Pharmacy
TREATMENT

• Finding right medication

• Thisrequires patience, your doctor will help you
to identify which medication perfectly works for
you.
• Side effects
• Stoptaking it when you experiencing symptoms
that worsens the condition.

Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Pharmacy
TREATMENT

• Medicationsand pregnancy
• Psychotherapy
• Family, group or individual ssettings

Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Pharmacy
HOME REMEDIES

• Quit drinking or using recreational drugs

• Form healthy relationships
• Create a healthy routine
• Check first before taking other medication
• Don’t stop taking medication and therapy
sessions
• Be honest

Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Pharmacy
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE
DISORDER

•A constant sense of hopelessness.

• May feel difficulty to work, study, eat and
enjoy friends and activities
• Depression is ISN’T WEAKNESS.

Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Pharmacy
SYMPTOMS

• People typically have multiple episodes

• Feelings of sadness, tearfulness, emptiness or
hopelessness
• Angry outbursts, irritability or frustration, even over
small matters
• Loss of interest or pleasure in most or all normal
activities, such as sex, hobbies or sports
• Sleep disturbances, including insomnia or sleeping
too much
• Tiredness and lack of energy, so even small tasks take
extra effort

Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Pharmacy
SYMPTOMS

• People typically have multiple episodes

• Reduced appetite and weight loss or increased
cravings for food and weight gain
• Anxiety, agitation or restlessness
• Slowed thinking, speaking or body movements
• Feelings of worthlessness or guilt, fixating on
past failures or self-blame
• Trouble thinking, concentrating, making
decisions and remembering things

Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Pharmacy
SYMPTOMS

• People typically have multiple episodes

• Frequent or recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal
thoughts, suicide attempts or suicide
• Unexplained physical problems, such as back
pain or headaches

Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Pharmacy
SYMPTOMS

• People typically have multiple episodes

• In younger children, symptoms of depression may
include sadness, irritability, clinginess, worry, aches and
pains, refusing to go to school, or being underweight.
• In teens, symptoms may include sadness, irritability,
feeling negative and worthless, anger, poor performance
or poor attendance at school, feeling misunderstood and
extremely sensitive, using recreational drugs or alcohol,
eating or sleeping too much, self-harm, loss of interest in
normal activities, and avoidance of social interaction.

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College of Pharmacy
CAUSES

• Biological Diferrences
• Brain Chemistry
• Hormones
• Inherited traits

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College of Pharmacy
RISK FACTORS

• Points that triggers depressions.

• Certain personality traits, such as low self-
esteem and being too dependent, self-critical or
pessimistic
• Traumatic or stressful events, such as physical or
sexual abuse, the death or loss of a loved one, a
difficult relationship, or financial problems
• Blood relatives with a history of depression,
bipolar disorder, alcoholism or suicide

Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Pharmacy
RISK FACTORS

• Points that triggers depressions.

• Being lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender, or
having variations in the development of genital
organs that aren't clearly male or female
(intersex) in an unsupportive situation
• History of other mental health disorders, such as
anxiety disorder, eating disorders or post-
traumatic stress disorder

Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Pharmacy
RISK FACTORS

• Points that triggers depressions.

• Abuse of alcohol or recreational drugs
• Serious or chronic illness, including cancer,
stroke, chronic pain or heart disease
• Certain medications, such as some high blood
pressure medications or sleeping pills (talk to
your doctor before stopping any medication)

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College of Pharmacy
COMPLICATIONS

• Excess weight or obesity, which can lead to heart disease and

diabetes
• Pain or physical illness
• Alcohol or drug misuse
• Anxiety, panic disorder or social phobia
• Family conflicts, relationship difficulties, and work or school
problems
• Social isolation
• Suicidal feelings, suicide attempts or suicide
• Self-mutilation, such as cutting
• Premature death from medical conditions

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College of Pharmacy
PREVENTION

• Take steps to control stress

• Reach out to family and friends
• Get treatment at the earliest sign of a
problem
• Consider getting long term maintenance
treatment.

Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Pharmacy
SCHIZOPHRENIA

• Schizophreniamay result in some

combination of hallucinations, delusions,
and extremely disordered thinking and
behavior that impairs daily functioning and
can be disabling.

Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Pharmacy
SYMPTOMS

• Delusions
• Hallucinations
• Disorganized thinking(speech)
• Extremely disorganized or abnormal motor
behavior
• Negative symptoms

Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Pharmacy
WHEN TO SEE A
DOCTOR

• People with schizophrenia often lack

awareness that their difficulties stem from a
mental disorder that requires medical
attention. So it often falls to family or
friends to get them help.

Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Pharmacy
SUICIDAL THOUGHTS
AND BEHAVIOR

• Make sure someone stays with that person

• Call local emergency number
• Take the person to the nearest hospital

Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Pharmacy
CAUSES

• Genetics
• Brain chemistry
• Dopamine
• Glutamate

• Environment

Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Pharmacy
RISK FACTORS

• Familyhistory
• Some pregnancy and birth complications
• Taking mind-altering drugs

Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Pharmacy
COMPLICATIONS

• Suicide, suicide attempts and thoughts of suicide

• Anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
• Depression
• Abuse of alcohol or other drugs, including nicotine
• Inability to work or attend school
• Financial problems and homelessness
• Social isolation
• Health and medical problems
• Being victimized
• Aggressive behavior, although it's uncommon

Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Pharmacy
PREVENTION

• Stickingwith the treatment plan

• Family support

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College of Pharmacy
DIAGNOSIS

• Physical exam
• Tests and screenings
• Psychiatric evaluation
• Diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia

Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Pharmacy
TREATMENT

• Medications:
• 2nd generation Antipsychotic
• Long-acting injectable antipsychotics

• Psychosocial interventions
• Individual therapy
• Social skills training
• Family therapy
• Rehabilitation and support employment

Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Pharmacy
COPING AND
SUPPORT

• Learn about schizophrenia

• Stay focused on goals
• Avoid alcohol and drug use
• Ask about social services assistance
• Learn relaxation and stress management
• Join a support group

Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Pharmacy
REFERENCES:

• https://www.webmd.com/bipolar-disorder/mental-health-bipolar-
disorder#1
• https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bipolar-
disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355961
• https://www.webmd.com/depression/guide/major-depression#1
• https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20356007
• https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/schizophrenia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354449
• https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/288259-clinical

Our Lady of Fatima University

College of Pharmacy
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING