First Hop Redundancy Protocol

(FHRP)
KHAWAR BUTT
CCI E # 12353 [R/S, SECURI TY, SP, DC, V OI CE, STORAGE & CCDE]
Overview
 FHRP Overview
 HSRP
 VRRP c
Network Diagram
Internet
E 0/0 E 0/0
R2 R3
192.1.30.0/24

S 1/0

c
192.1.20.0/24

S 1/0

R1

E 0/0
192.168.10.0/24

E 0/0 E 0/0
PC3
R4 R5
PC1 PC2
E 0/1 E 0/1

192.168.20.0/24
FHRP Overview
 In order to provide redundancy between 2 switches, you connect 2 or more links
between them.
 Similarly to allow redundancy for your clients, you might want to connect 2
routers as exits from the networks. c
 The issue is that the PC’s (End-stations) will be configured with a single default
gateway address.
 FHRP technology allows the 2 routers to share a single IP Address. This shared
IP Address is commonly referred to as the Virtual IP or the VIP.
 You have the ability to prefer a specific router as the preferred Active router by
manipulating the FHRP priority of the Router.
 There are 2 main FHRP implementations, HSRP & VRRP.
Hot Standby Router Protocol
(HSRP)
 Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) is a Cisco proprietary redundancy
protocol for establishing a fault-tolerant default gateway Redundancy.
 HSRP enables two or more devices c to work together in a group, sharing
a single IP address, the virtual IP address. The virtual IP address is
configured in each end user's workstation as a default gateway address
and is cached in the host's Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache.

 One router is elected to handle all requests sent to the virtual IP

address. This router is known as the active router.
 A HSRP group has one active router, at least one standby router, and
perhaps many listening routers.
Virtual Router Redundancy
Protocol (VRRP)
 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) is an open standard
redundancy protocol for establishing a fault-tolerant default gateway
Redundancy.
c
 VRRP also enables two or more devices to work together in a group,
sharing a single IP address, the virtual IP address. The virtual IP
address is configured in each end user's workstation as a default
gateway address and is cached in the host's Address Resolution Protocol
(ARP) cache.
 One router is elected to handle all requests sent to the virtual IP
address. This router is known as the Master router.
 A VRRP group has one master router and one or more backup routers.
Whiteboard