The Great Gatsby Literature Guide & Teaching Unit PDF

The Great
Gatsby
by F. Scott Fitzgerald
Literature Guide Created by Kristen Bowers

for Secondary Solutions ®
ISBN 0-9768177-1-3
© 2005 Secondary Solutions. All rights reserved.

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© 2005 Secondary Solutions 1 The Great Gatsby
The Great Gatsby
Complete Literature Guide
Table of Contents
About this Literature Guide 3
Pre-Reading Activities
Author Biography: F. Scott Fitzgerald 4
Standards Focus: Exploring Expository Writing 5
Anticipation/ Reaction Guide 6
Anticipation/Reaction Reflection Questions 7
Standards Focus: Elements of the Novel 8
Vocabulary List 9
Chapter 1
Comprehension Check: Chapters 1-3 10
Standards Focus: Narrator and Point of View 11
Assessment Preparation: Synonyms/Antonyms 13
Chapter 2
Standards Focus: Characterization 14
Assessment Preparation: Connotation/Denotation 16
Chapter 3
Standards Focus: Setting 17
Assessment Preparation: Definition Extension 18
Chapters 1-3 Vocabulary Review: Crossword 19
Chapter 4
Standards Focus: Foreshadowing and Prediction 21
Assessment Preparation: Word Roots 23
Chapter 5
Standards Focus: Symbolism 24
Assessment Preparation: Analogies 25
Chapter 6
Standards Focus: Figurative Language 26
Assessment Preparation: Root Clues 28
Chapter 7
Standards Focus: Style 31
Assessment Preparation: Parts of Speech 33
Chapter 8
Standards Focus: Tone 34
Assessment Preparation: Sentence Construction 36
Chapter 9
Standards Focus: Theme 37
Assessment Preparation: Sentence Completion 38
Chapters 1-3 Quiz 40
Final Test 43
Teacher Guide
Novel Summary 47
Pre-Reading/Post-Reading/Alternative Assessment 48
Essay/Writing Ideas 49
Sample Project Rubric 50
Sample Response to Literature Rubric 51
Answer Key 53

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Considered to be one of the greatest American storytellers, F. Scott
Fitzgerald unquestionably led a chaotic, yet intriguing life. Despite
his alcoholism and bouts of depression and insecurity, and his
wife’s infidelity and mental instability, Fitzgerald became a highly
acclaimed and successful writer. His most popular novel, The Great
Gatsby, is considered to be a classic American novel, and a dark and
disconcerting portrait of America in the 1920's.
Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, on

September 24, 1896. He is a descendant of the famous patriot,
Frances Scott Key, most well-known for writing the “Star Spangled
Banner.” His father, Edward Fitzgerald, was a salesman for Procter & Gamble in New York, and his
mother, Mary (Mollie) McQuillan, was heiress to the fortune from her father’s grocery business.
Fitzgerald attended the St. Paul Academy, the Newman School, and Princeton, but dropped out of
Princeton to join the Army in 1917. In June of 1918, Fitzgerald was assigned to Camp Sheridan, near
Montgomery, Alabama. It was at this time that he met Zelda Sayre, the eighteen year-old Southern
socialite who would later become his wife.
In July 1919, Fitzgerald returned to St. Paul to polish his novel This Side of Paradise. It was a literary
and monetary success, and allowed Fitzgerald the financial security to finally marry Zelda in 1920.
In October 1921, they had their only child, a daughter they named Frances Scott, and nicknamed
“Scottie.” The Fitzgeralds moved frequently over the next few years, from Long Island to Rome to
Paris. Fitzgerald wrote The Beautiful and the Damned and Tales of the Jazz Age in 1922, and it was in
Paris where Fitzgerald finished writing The Great Gatsby. The novel was published in 1925, and while
it was both hailed and rejected by critics, sales were a considerable disappointment compared to the
success of his first novel. Fitzgerald continued to augment his lavish lifestyle by writing short stories
for newspapers and magazines such as The Saturday Evening Post.
In the Spring of 1930, Fitzgerald’s life began a downward spiral. His drinking became an increasing
problem, Zelda suffered from the first of several mental and physical breakdowns, and their marriage
splintered. Fitzgerald was forced again to sell short stories to help pay for Zelda’s psychiatric
treatment and hospitalization. While working on his fourth novel, Tender is the Night in 1932, Zelda
suffered a relapse, and was again hospitalized. Fitzgerald was finally able to finish Tender is the Night
in 1934.
Fitzgerald’s admitted low point was in 1936-1937, when his alcoholism was out of control, his debts
were soaring, he was unable to write, and he lived in and out of hotels in North Carolina. Scottie was
sent away to boarding school, since he was unable to provide a stable home for her. Zelda continued
her decline, was permanently hospitalized, and eventually died in 1948 in a hospital fire.
Fitzgerald moved to California in 1937 and worked for major Hollywood studios writing movie
scripts. While working on his final novel, The Last Tycoon, Fitzgerald suffered a heart attack and died
December 21, 1940 at the age of 44. The Last Tycoon was published posthumously in 1941.

Directions: Using the article about F. Scott Fitzgerald on the previous page, answer thequestions below using complete
sentences.
1. When and where was F. Scott Fitzgerald born? _______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
2. After what famous person was he named? ___________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3. What kind of school experience did Fitzgerald have? __________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Why did the author of this article consider Fitzgerald’s life to be “chaotic”? _______________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
5. List the names and dates of publication of Fitzgerald’s work. ___________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Describe Zelda Fitzgerald. ________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
7. About what kinds of characters and situations can you conclude Fitzgerald wrote? Justify your
response. ________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
8. What would you imagine happened to Fitzgerald’s daughter Scottie? Justify your response.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
9. What conclusion could be drawn about American society during Fitzgerald’s time from the
information given in the article? ________
a. American People were motivated and philosophical.
b. American People were interested in art and science.
c. American People were very religious and devoted.
d. American People were restless and reckless.
10. On a separate sheet of paper, draw a timeline of the important events of Fitzgerald’s life. Be sure to
include dates for each event.
Directions: Before reading the novel, complete the following chart. Write “yes” if you agree with the statement, “no” if you
disagree with the statement, and “?” if you do not have a strong opinion about the statement. After reading, you will complete the
last column, revisiting your responses.
Yes = I agree No = I disagree ? = I do not know
Before After
Statement
Reading Reading
1) Money is the root of all evil.
2) You can never relive the past.
3) People usually get what they deserve.
4) Most Americans strive to live the “American Dream,” searching for

individualism, happiness, and monetary success.
5) Money cannot buy happiness.
6) Most people strive to live a moral and ethical life.
7) Most people want to be rich, powerful, and respected.
8) Most people live a lie, pretending to be something they are not.
After completing the Before Reading column, divide into small groups, write down the names of your group members, and
complete the chart below. Tally the number of “yes”, “no” and “?” responses for each question. Once you have collected your
data, discuss those issues about which your group was divided. Make your case for your opinions, and pay attention to your
classmates’ arguments. When you have finished, answer the questions on the next page on your own.
Statement Yes No I Don’t Know

#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
#6
#7
#8
*After you have completed the chart and answered the questions on the following page, your teacher will
collect your responses and keep them until you finish reading the novel.*
Pre-Reading Individual Reflection
Directions: Use the information and discussion from the “Before Reading” responses to answer the following questions
on a separate piece of paper. Be sure to use complete sentences.
1. Which statement triggered the most thought-provoking or interesting discussion? Why?

2. Summarize the discussion/debate.
3. For any of the statements that you discussed, what were some of the strongest or most
memorable points made by your group members? Why do you think they were the strongest
or most memorable to you?
4. How did you feel when a group member disagreed with the way you feel about an issue?
5. Was any argument strong enough to make you change your mind or want to change any of
your initial responses? Why or why not?
Post-Reading Individual Reflection
Directions: Revisit your Anticipation/Reaction Guide and your answers to the discussion questions. Now that you
have read the novel, complete the “After Reading” column and answer the following questions on a separate piece of
paper, comparing your responses. Answer each question using complete sentences.
1. How many of your responses have changed since reading the novel?
2. Which statements do you see differently after having read the novel?
3. Describe an important part of the book that affected you or made you think differently after
reading.
4. In the same small group you had before reading the novel, talk about your responses. How do
your classmates’ responses differ after reading the book?
5. Overall, are the feelings of your other group members the same or different from yours? Do
any of their responses surprise you? Which ones? How?
6. Why do you think there might be so many different opinions and viewpoints? What do you
feel has contributed to the way you and your other classmates responded to each statement?

A novel is a piece of literary work which is lengthy (generally between 100-500 pages), and uses all of the
elements of storytelling: plot, climax, characters, setting, point of view, and theme. Novels usually have
several conflicts involving several main characters, and often, more than one setting.
· Plot - the related series of events that make up a story
· Climax - (part of the plot) the turning point of the story; the point at which the protagonist
reaches an emotional high point or a peak in power
· Conflict - the struggle(s) between opposing forces, usually characters
· Character - the individuals involved in the action of the story
· Setting - the time and place, or where and when, the action occurs
· Point of View - the perspective from which a story is told
· Theme - the main idea behind a literary work; the message in the story
Elements of the Novel Activity

Directions: Before reading The Great Gatsby, use a novel you have already read to complete the chart below and review
the elements of the novel.
What is the name of the novel?
What was the general plot

of the novel?
What was the climax,

or the high point, of the novel?
What was the general setting?
Who were the main characters?
What was the main conflict

of the novel?
From what point of view

was the story told?
What major or
(theme) did the author
present?

Chapter 1 Chapter 6
inclined laudable
privy insidious
levity ineffable
contemptuously ramification
incredulously contingencies
intimation cordial
Chapter 2 Chapter 7
desolate portentous
impenetrable magnanimous
sumptuous formidable
indeterminate presumptuous
apathetically inquest
incessant expostulation
Chapter 3 Chapter 8
gaudy malice
permeate ravenously
innuendo whim
vehemently vestibule
sauntered garrulous
ascertain fortuitously
Chapter 4 Chapter 9
lurched deranged
sporadic surmise
punctilious complacent
proprietor aesthetic
discerning provincial
abstraction commensurate
Chapter 5
reproachfully
scrutinized
harrowed
endured
defunct
nebulous

Directions: Use the following questions to help guide your reading and understanding of Chapters 1-3. As you read the
novel, answer the questions using complete sentences.
Chapter 1
1. From what point of view is the story being told? In what tense?
2. Chapter 1 begins with a quote: “Whenever you feel like criticizing anyone, just remember that
all the people in this world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had.” What does this
quote mean? What conclusions/predictions can you make about the narrator from this quote?
3. List 5-7 important details that we learn about the narrator from this chapter.
4. How does Nick compare East and West Egg. Who is Nick’s neighbor?
5. Describe Tom.
6. Describe Daisy.
7. What do we learn about Tom from the phone call?
8. What does Daisy mean when she says “And I hope she’ll be a fool--that’s the best thing a girl
can be in this world, a beautiful little fool”?
9. Describe Tom and Daisy’s relationship.
10. What does Nick see at the end of Chapter 1? What dramatic effect does this last image impart?
Chapter 2
1. Describe the Valley of Ashes. What might the ashes symbolize?
2. What might the eyes of Dr. T.J. Eckleberg represent or symbolize?
3. Describe Tom’s girl.
4. Compare/contrast the personalities and physical characteristics of Myrtle and Daisy.
5. Why do you think Tom is attracted to Myrtle?
6. What is the lie Tom told Catherine? Why do you think he lied?
7. Describe Mr. and Mrs. Wilson’s relationship.
8. How did Tom and Myrtle meet?
9. What does Tom do to Myrtle when she says Daisy’s name?
10. Why is the ending of Chapter 2 so disjointed? What had Nick been doing all evening that
might have caused this strange narrative?
Chapter 3
1. What arrives at Gastby’s house every Friday? What leaves on Monday? What does this tell
you about the parties Gatsby hosts?
2. How does Nick receive his invitation to Gatsby’s party?
3. What illegal activity takes place at Gatsby’s party?
4. What kind of relationship has Jordan developed with the other guests at the party?
5. What discovery has the Owl-Eyed man made in Gatsby’s library? What symbolic meaning
could this reference have about society in the 1920's?
6. What is ironic about Jordan’s statement comparing large and small parties?
7. On what does Owl-Eyes blame the accident after Gatsby’s party? What is ironic about his
claim?
8. How does Nick describe Jordan at the end of the Chapter? What do we learn about her that
would support this statement?
9. Why does Jordan say, “I hate careless people. That’s why I like you”?
10. What unique quality do we learn that Nick possesses?
The narrator is the person who relates the events of a story to a reader or audience. Point of view is the
perspective from which a story is told. The point of view from which a story is told determines how the
reader interprets the story and understands the characters. There are three main types of point of view:
· First Person: narrator is a character in the story; uses the first person “I” to tell the story
· Third Person Limited: narrator does not participate in the action of the story; relates the thoughts
and feelings of only one character
· Third Person Omniscient: narrator does not participate in the action of the story; relates the
thoughts and feelings of all the characters
The Great Gatsby is told from the first person point of view. The story is told by narrator Nick Carraway,
and he uses the first person pronouns “I,” “me,” and “my,” to relate the events.
Directions: For each of the following excerpts from the novel, you will be converting the first person into third person,
either limited or omniscient. However, it is important that before you convert to third person, you clearly
understand the first person narration. For each excerpt, give a one to two sentence summary of Nick’s point of view,
then retell the excerpt in third person.
Ex. “In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I’ve been turning
over in my mind ever since. ‘Whenever you feel like criticizing anyone,’ he told me, ‘just remember
that all the people in this world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had.’”
Summary: Nick cannot forget the advice his father gave him: to appreciate that he may have had more than
others, and to think about that fact before judging someone.
Third Person Retelling: In Nick’s younger years, his father had a great influence in shaping Nick into the man
he is today. His father’s wisdom made Nick appreciate that not everyone had the advantages that he had
growing up.
1. “Why they came east I don’t know. They had spent a year in France, for no particular reason, and
then drifted here and there unrestfully wherever people played polo and were rich together. This
was a permanent move, said Daisy over the telephone, but I didn’t believe it--I had no sight into
Daisy’s heart but I felt that Tom would drift on forever seeking a little wistfully for the dramatic
turbulence of some irrecoverable football game.”
Summary: _______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Third Person Retelling:_____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2. “She laughed again, as if she said something very witty, and held my hand for a moment, looking into
my face, promising that there was no one in the world she so much wanted to see. That was a way she
had. She hinted in a murmur that the surname of the balancing girl was Baker. (I’ve heard it said that
Daisy’s murmur was only to make people lean toward her; an irrelevant criticism that made it no less
charming.)”
Summary:________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Third Person Retelling: _____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3. “[Daisy’s] eyes flashed around her in a defiant way, rather like Tom’s, and she laughed with thrilling
scorn. ‘Sophisticated -- God I’m so sophisticated!’ The instant her voice broke off, ceasing to compel my
attention, my belief, I felt the basic insincerity of what she had said. It made me uneasy, as though the
whole evening had been a trick of some sort to exact a contributary emotion from me. I waited, and sure
enough, in a moment she looked at me with an absolute smirk on her lovely face as if she had asserted her
membership in a rather distinguished secret society to which she and Tom belonged.”
Summary: ________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Third Person Retelling: _____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4. “Their interest rather touched me and made them less remotely rich--nevertheless, I was confused and
a little disgusted as I drove away. It seemed to me that the thing for Daisy to do was to rush out of the
house, child in arms--but apparently there were no such intentions in her head. As for Tom the fact that
he ‘had some woman in New York’ was really less surprising than that he had been depressed by a book.
Something was making him nibble at the edge of stale ideas as if his sturdy physical egotism no longer
nourished his peremptory heart.”
Summary: ________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Third Person Retelling: ____________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Part One
Directions: For each of the following word relationships, underline whether the words are a synonym or an antonym
pair. If they are synonyms, use a dictionary or thesaurus to find an antonym for the vocabulary word; if they are
antonyms, find a synonym for the vocabulary word. An example has been done for you.
Ex. want -- desire synonyms or antonyms antonym: reject
1. inclined -- predisposed synonyms or antonyms __________________________
2. privy -- concealed synonyms or antonyms __________________________
3. levity -- seriousness synonyms or antonyms __________________________
4. contemptuously -- disdainfully synonyms or antonyms __________________________
5. incredulously -- confidently synonyms or antonyms __________________________
6. intimation -- implication synonyms or antonyms __________________________
Part Two
Directions: Match each vocabulary word on the left with a synonym on the right. Write the letter of the matching
synonym on the line provided.
7. inclined _____ a. distrustfully
8. privy _____ b. prone towards
9. levity _____ c. lightness
10. contemptuously _____ d. concealed
11. incredulously _____ e. insinuation
12. intimation _____ f. abhorrently

Characterization is the technique by which authors develop characters.
Direct characterization is when the author or narrator tells the reader what the character is like.
For example, “Jennifer is a good student.”
Indirect characterization is when the author gives information about a character and allows the reader to
draw his or her own conclusions about that character.
Two ways we can learn about a character through indirect characterization are:
A character’s own thoughts, feelings and actions— the reader witnesses what the character does or says, and
learns something about the character from these thoughts, feelings or actions. For example, “On her way to
class after lunch, Susan saw some trash on the ground that wasn’t hers. She decided to pick it up anyway, and threw it
in the trash can.”
The reader can make some assumptions about Susan from this excerpt: she cares about the environment, she
takes pride in her school, she likes things neat and tidy, etc. Each of these are appropriate assumptions
based on Susan’s actions.
Interactions with other characters— the reader witnesses the interactions between characters and how other
characters act towards another character, and what they say about a character. For example, “Connie said,
‘Julie seems to not care about her school work anymore. It’s as if she is distracted or concerned about something. What
do you think?’ ‘I don’t know, but it is certainly unlike her to get bad grades,’ Donna replied.”
The reader can make assumptions about Julie from the conversation between Connie and Donna. The
reader can conclude that Julie used to work hard and get good grades in school, that she is distracted about
something, and that she is not behaving like her usual self.
Directions: For each of the characters below, complete the chart with textual examples of both direct and indirect
characterization from Chapters 1 and 2 of the novel. Then choose an important statement said by the character that truly
exemplifies his or her personality or something revealing about the character. An example has been done for you.
Daisy
Direct Characterization Nick’s “second cousin once removed.”
Indirect Characterization “The other girl, Daisy, made an attempt to rise--she leaned slightly forward
with a conscientious expression--then she laughed, an absurd, charming
little laugh...”
Important Quote “And I hope she’ll be a fool--that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a
beautiful little fool.”
Gatsby
Direct Characterization
Indirect Characterization
Important Quote

Nick
Important Quote
Jordan
Important Quote
Tom
Important Quote
Myrtle
Important Quote

Directions: For each of the vocabulary words from Chapter Two, look up the dictionary definition (denotation)
and write it on the line provided. Then, for each of the synonyms, put a “P” next to the word or words with a
positive connotation, and a “N” next to the word or words with a negative connotation. If the word is neutral,
or does not carry either a positive or a negative connotation, write “0.”
1. desolate: _____________________________________________________________________________
unused _____ barren _____ bleak _____ despondent _____
2. impenetrable: _________________________________________________________________________
compact _____ solid _____ impermeable _____ bulletproof _____
3. sumptuous: ___________________________________________________________________________
luxurious _____ imposing _____ pompous _____ grandiose _____
4. indeterminate: ________________________________________________________________________
inexact _____ uncertain _____ vague _____ inconclusive _____
5. apathetically: _________________________________________________________________________
callously _____ coolly _____ indifferently _____ emotionlessly _____
6. incessant: ____________________________________________________________________________
persistent _____ nonstop _____ ceaseless _____ relentless _____

The Great Gasby is set in America in the 1920s, during a time of great prosperity, advancement, change,
and uncertainty. This era is symbolized by the first automobiles, radios, penicillin, prohibition,
“flappers,” gangsters, “talkies” (movies with sound), “The Charleston,” and jazz. It was the period
between World War I and the devastating Stock Market Crash in 1929, which led to the Great
Depression. To some, it was a party that lasted a decade.
In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald uses the setting as an important symbol in the novel. In fact, the setting is
so important it almost becomes another character, shaping and influencing other characters in the story.
Directions: Using Chapters 1-3, directly quote phrases or sentences that indicate the setting of the story. Include
descriptions of the time period, living situations, geographical location, weather, etc.
West Egg 1)
2)
3)
East Egg 1)
2)
3)
Valley of 1)
Ashes
2)
3)

Directions: On the line provided, write the letter of the situation or description that best illustrates the meaning of the
vocabulary word.
1. gaudy _____ a. the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard
b. a mother with an ill child
c. a garish prom dress
d. an awkward teenager at a new school
2. permeate _____ a. a girl dreaming about a date

b. the smell of perfume throughout a room
c. watching an orchestra tuning
d. family at a reunion
3. innuendo _____ a. a church full of mourners

b. hoping for an “A” on a test
c. a woman staring at a sunset
d. a furtive suggestion in a TV commercial
4. vehement _____ a. a criminal declaring his innocence

b. a snake slinking after its prey
c. an acquittal
d. the sound of waves crashing
5. saunter _____ a. a bride at her wedding

b. a gazelle escaping a lion
c. people at a surprise party yelling “Surprise!”
d. lovers on an afternoon walk
6. ascertain _____ a. learning pertinent information before a test

b. a graduate receiving his diploma
c. donating your time at an animal shelter
d. an executive becoming a mentor

Across Down
1 not specific 2 a suggestion with deeper meaning

3 rare lightness of weight; buoyancy 4 skeptically; doubtfully
7 deviated from horizontal or vertical; having 5 acting forcefully
a tendency towards 6 without feeling or emotion
8 with scorn 7 a suggestion or implication
9 continual 10 costly; lavish
13 unable to be passed through 11 strolled leisurely
14 to pass through 12 to find out with certainty
15 alone; abandoned
16 showy; lacking taste
17 private; not public

Directions: Use the following questions to help guide your reading and understanding of Chapters 4-6. As you read the
novel, answer the questions below using complete sentences.
Chapter 4
1. What do the girls at the party think Gatsby did to get rich?
2. Why does Fitzgerald give a long list of those guests who attend Gatsby’s parties? How would
you generally describe these people?
3. Describe Gatsby’s car.
4. What new information does Gatsby give Nick about himself?
5. What makes Nick believe that Gatsby is lying about his past?
6. Who is Mr. Wolfsheim and how is he connected with Gatsby’s past?
7. What does Tom give Daisy the day before the wedding?
8. What happened the day of the wedding?
9. What happened with Tom in Ventura? What is ironic about this incident?
10.What is meant by the quote, “There are only the pursued, the pursuing, the busy and the
tired.” Why does Nick think of this statement at this particular time?
Chapter 5
1. How does Gatsby prepare for his meeting with Daisy?
2. How does Gatsby behave upon seeing Daisy again? How do you feel about his behavior,
considering the title of the book?
3. Why does Gatsby show Daisy all of his shirts? How does Daisy react? Why?
4. To what is the author referring in the statement: “Possibly it had occurred to him that the colossal
significance of that light had now vanished forever”?
5. Who is Klipspringer and what does Gatsby have him do? Why?
6. How long has it been since Daisy and Gatsby have been together?
7. What could the rain symbolize throughout this chapter?
Chapter 6
1. What is Gatsby’s real name (first and last)?
2. Why did he change is name? How old was he at the time?
3. How was Dan Cody involved in shaping Gatsby into the man he is now?
4. Why does Gatsby not get the money that Cody left for him?
5. For what reason do you think Fitzgerald interrupted Gatsby’s story for the visit from the horseback
riders? Why doesn’t Gatsby understand that he isn’t really welcome?
6. Why does Tom attend Gatsby’s party? What is ironic about this?
7. How does Tom’s presence affect the atmosphere of the party?
8. What does Gatsby want Daisy to do?
9. What is Nick’s response? Do you agree or disagree with his statement, “You can’t repeat the
past”?

In order to build suspense and make a story more interesting, writers often use techniques such as
foreshadowing, or hints and clues of events to occur later in the plot. When authors give these hints and
clues, we can make a prediction, or an educated guess, as to what will happen next.
Directions: Below and on the next page are several examples of foreshadowing in The Great Gatsby. Read the
selection, then predict what you think will happen later in the story, based upon the underlined clues.
1. “No--Gatsby turned out all right at the end; it is what preyed on Gatsby, what foul dust
floated in the wake of his dreams that temporarily closed out my interest in the abortive
sorrows and short-winded elations of men.”
Prediction: __________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. “‘You did it, Tom,’ she said accusingly. ‘I know you didn’t mean to but you did do it. That’s
what I get for marrying a brute of a man, a great big hulking physical specimen of a--.’”
Prediction: __________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. “She told me it was a girl, and so I turned my head away and wept. ‘All right,’ I said, ‘I’m
glad it’s a girl. And I hope she’ll be a fool--that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world,
a beautiful little fool.’”
Prediction: __________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. “I would have accepted without question the information that Gatsby sprang from the
swamps of Louisiana or from the Lower East Side of New York. That was comprehensible.
But young men didn’t--at least in my provincial inexperience I believed they didn’t--drift
coolly out of nowhere and buy a palace on Long Island Sound.”
Prediction: __________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
5. “In the ditch beside the road, right side up but violently shown of one wheel, rested a new
coupé which had left Gatsby’s drive not two minutes before... ‘But how did it happen? Did
you run into the wall?’ ‘Don’t ask me,’ said Owl Eyes, washing his hands of the whole
matter. ‘I know very little about driving--next to nothing. It happened, and that’s all I know.’”
Prediction: __________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

6. “At the enchanted metropolitan twilight I felt a haunting loneliness sometimes, and felt it in
others-poor young clerks who loitered in front of windows waiting until it was time for a
solitary restaurant dinner--young clerks in the dusk, wasting the most poignant moments of
night and life.”
Prediction: _________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. “‘You’re a rotten driver,’ I protested. ‘Either you ought to be more careful or you oughtn’t to
drive at all’... ‘They’ll keep out of my way,’ she insisted. ‘It takes two to make an accident.’
‘Suppose you met somebody just as careless as yourself.’ ‘I hope I never will,’ she answered.
‘I hate careless people. That’s why I like you.’”
Prediction: _________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. “Everyone suspects himself of at least one of the cardinal virtues, and this is mine: I am one of
the few honest people that I have ever known.”
Prediction: _________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
9. “He saw me looking with admiration at his car. ‘It’s pretty, isn’t it, old sport.’ He jumped off
to give me a better view, ‘Haven’t you ever seen it before?’ I’d seen it. Everybody had seen
it. It was a rich cream color, bright with nickel, swollen here and there in its monstrous
length...”
Prediction: _________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
10. “When he saw us Tom jumped up and took half a dozen steps in our direction. ‘Where’ve you
been?’ he demanded eagerly. ‘Daisy’s furious because you haven’t called up.’ ‘This is Mr.
Gatsby, Mr. Buchanan.’ They shook hands briefly and a strained, unfamiliar look of
embarrassment came over Gatsby’s face... I turned toward Mr. Gatsby but he was no longer
there.”
Prediction: _________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
11. “‘A week after I left Santa Barbara Tom ran into a wagon on the Ventura road one night and
ripped a front wheel off his car. The girl who was with him got into the papers too because
her arm was broken--she was one of the chambermaids in the Santa Barbara Hotel.’”
Prediction: _________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

Directions: Look up the vocabulary words from Chapter Four, noting the root and the meaning of the root. Then look
in the dictionary and using the space provided, write two other words which have the same root. An example has been
done for you.
Ex. allegedly
root: Lat. Litigare meaning of root: to take legal action
related words: litigate, litigation
1. lurched
root: ____________________ meaning of root: _______________________________
related words: __________________________________________________________________
2. sporadic
related words: __________________________________________________________________
3. punctilious
related words: __________________________________________________________________
4. proprietor
related words: __________________________________________________________________
5. discerning
related words: __________________________________________________________________
6. abstraction
related words: __________________________________________________________________

Symbolism is the creative use of objects, or symbols, to represent or indicate a deeper meaning or to
represent something larger than itself. Just as a heart is a symbol of love, or a turkey is a symbol of
Thanksgiving, colors, animals, weather, numbers, and even people can act as symbols in a piece of
literature. It is important that we recognize the author’s use of symbols to indicate a deeper message in his
or her work. Fitzgerald skillfully uses symbolism throughout The Great Gastby to create a novel full of
depth and significance.
Directions: For each of the symbols and situations below match the symbol with the symbolic meaning from the text.
There may be more than one correct answer for each.
1. The eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg __________________ a. “old” money
2. The Valley of Ashes __________________ b. hope
3. Gatsby’s shirts __________________ c. “you can’t repeat the past”
4. the green light at the end of the dock __________________ d. power
5. East Egg __________________ e. materialism
6. West Egg __________________ f. death
7. automobiles __________________ g. success
8. Gatsby’s uncut books __________________ h. crime
9. Wolfshiem’s cufflinks __________________ i. corruption
10. Nick’s 30th birthday __________________ j. a new era
11. Tom and Daisy’s daughter Pammy __________________ k. God
12. the clock Gatsby knocks over __________________ l. “new” money
m. moral decay
n. wealth
o. display of false pretenses

Analogies are a shortened way of stating relationships between words and ideas. One type of analogy
expresses the relationship between synonyms. Below is an example:
rare : scarce :: bargain : sale
This means that the relationship between rare and scarce is the same as the relationship between
bargain and sale. (The symbol “ : ” means “is to” and the symbol “ :: ” means “as”). An analogy may also
involve antonyms. For example:
narrow : wide :: long : short
Another way to state this analogy is: “narrow is to wide as long is to short.”
Directions: For each analogy, note whether the words are synonyms or antonyms. If they are synonyms, write “S” on
the line provided, if they are antonyms, write “A”. Then fill in the blanks with either a synonym or an antonym,
matching the word relationship before it. An example has been done for you.
Ex. reproachfully : hopefully (A) :: sporadic : frequent
1. scrutinized : analyzed (_______) :: gaudy : __________________________________
2. harrowed : ravished (_______) :: incessant : _____________________________
3. endured : tolerated (_______) :: vehemently : _____________________________
4. defunct : current (_______) :: sauntered : ________________________________
5. nebulous : precise (_______) :: sumptuous : ______________________________
6. contemptuously : scornfully (_______) :: scrutinized : ________________________
7. indeterminate : precise (_______) :: dilapidated : _________________________
8. apathetically : disdainfully (_______) :: reproachfully : ___________________
For numbers 9-12, use any of the vocabulary words from the novel and your own words to create four analogies of
your own.
9. __________________ : __________________ :: _____________________ : _____________________
10. _________________ : __________________ :: _____________________ : _____________________
11. _________________ : __________________ :: _____________________ : _____________________
12. _________________ : __________________ :: _____________________ : _____________________

One of the most captivating aspects of Fitzgerald’s work is his mastery of figurative language, or ideas
communicated beyond their literal meaning to create an image in the reader’s mind. There are several
types of figurative language, called figures of speech:
· metaphor - a comparison made between two unlike objects: “the pillow was a cloud”
· simile - a comparison between two unlike objects using the words “like” or “as” in the
comparison: “the pillow was like a marshmallow”
· personification - giving human qualities or characteristics to non-human objects: “the wind
sang its sad song”
Directions: Read each quote from the novel. First, decide what figure of speech is being used, then identify the
comparison being made or the object being personified. An example has been done for you.
Ex. "... swirls and eddies of people I didn’t know." (Ch. 3)
figure of speech: metaphor
analysis: comparing the people at the party to ocean waves, turning and crashing on themselves; the
people are weaving through the party to socialize.
1. “Their house was even more elaborate than I expected, a cheerful red and white Georgian Colonial
mansion overlooking the bay.” (Ch. 1)
figure of speech:___________________________________________________________________________
analysis:__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
2. “A breeze blew through the room, blew curtains in at one end and out the other like pale flags...”
(Ch.1)
figure of speech: ___________________________________________________________________________
analysis: _________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3. “... twisting them up toward the frosted wedding cake of the ceiling...” (Ch. 1)
figure of speech: ___________________________________________________________________________
analysis: _________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
4. “...and then [the breeze] rippled over the wine-colored rug, making a shadow on it as wind does on the
sea.” (Ch. 1)
figure of speech: ___________________________________________________________________________
analysis: _________________________________________________________________________________

5. “The only completely stationary object in the room was an enormous couch on which two young
women were buoyed up as though upon an anchored balloon.” (Ch. 1)
figure of speech: __________________________________________________________________________
analysis: _________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
6. “It was a body capable of enormous leverage-- a cruel body.” (Ch. 1)

figure of speech: __________________________________________________________________________
analysis: _________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
7. “... in his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the
champagne and the stars.” (Ch. 3)
figure of speech: __________________________________________________________________________
analysis: _________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
8. “After that I lived like a young rajah in all the capitals of Europe--Paris, Venice, Rome...” (Ch. 4)
figure of speech: __________________________________________________________________________
analysis: _________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
9. “‘Her voice is full of money,’” he said suddenly.” (Ch. 7)

figure of speech: __________________________________________________________________________
analysis: _________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
10. “Daisy and Jordan lay upon an enormous couch, like silver idols, weighing down their own
white dresses against the singing breeze of the fan.” (Ch. 7)
figure of speech: __________________________________________________________________________
analysis: _________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

Directions: Using your vocabulary list from Chapter 6 and the root clues given below, determine the correct vocabulary
word and write it on the line provided. Then write a sentence for each of the vocabulary words.
1. This word, which means commendable, comes from the Latin laudare, meaning to praise or extol.
Answer: ______________________
Sentence: ________________________________________________________________________________
2. This word, which means events that are possible of occurring, comes from the Middle English
contingere, meaning to have contact with.
Answer: ______________________
Sentence: ________________________________________________________________________________
3. This word, which means harmful but enticing, comes from the Latin insidiosus, meaning to sit in or on.
Answer: ______________________
Sentence: ________________________________________________________________________________
4. This word, which means the act or process of branching, comes from the Latin ramus, meaning branch.
Answer: ______________________
Sentence: ________________________________________________________________________________
5. This word, which sometimes means a liquid medicine or drink, comes from the Latin cord, meaning heart.
Answer: ______________________
Sentence: ________________________________________________________________________________
6. This word, which means incapable of being spoken, comes from the Latin ineffabilis, meaning to speak out.
Answer: ______________________
Sentence: ________________________________________________________________________________

Across Down
1 an abstract idea or term 2 cloudy; misty

4 praiseworthy; commendable 3 with disapproval or criticism
6 indescribable 5 out-of-date; archaic
9 an alcoholic drink; friendly 7 swayed or tipped abruptly
15 events that may occur 8 consequence
16 cleared, usually with a farm instrument 10 in accordance with the rules
17 the owner of a business establishment 11 dangerous or menacing behavior
18 carried through, despite hardships 12 insightful or perceptive
13 examined carefully
14 occurring at irregular intervals

Directions: Use the following questions to help guide your reading and understanding of Chapters 7-9. Answer the
questions using complete sentences.
Chapter 7
1. Why did Gatsby fire all of his servants?
2. What does Daisy do while Tom is on the phone in the other room? What does she tell Jordan
to do?
3. What kind of relationship does Daisy have with her daughter? Why is Gatsby surprised by
the child’s “existence”?
4. What does Gatsby say that Daisy’s voice is full of? What prompts him to say this?
5. Why does Wilson suddenly need money from Tom?
6. How does the weather contribute to the mood of this chapter? Of what could the weather be
symbolic?
7. What does Daisy tell Gatsby that catches him off guard? What was he expecting to hear?
8. As they are leaving the hotel, what milestone does Nick remember that he had forgotten in all
the excitement?
9. Who does Tom believe killed Myrtle? What really happened?
10. Who is “watching” over the incidents in the Valley of the Ashes?
Chapter 8
1. Why does Nick suggest that Gatsby go away even though he knows that it was Daisy who
killed Myrtle?
2. Why does Gatsby refuse? What is he holding on to? What do you think of his behavior?
3. How did Daisy and Gatsby meet? Why couldn’t they be together?
4. What did Gatsby do to finally be with Daisy?
5. What does Wilson firmly believe happened to Myrtle? What leads him to believe this?
6. What does Gatsby finally do that he did not have time for all summer?
7. How does Wilson find out that Gatsby owns a yellow car?
8. What does Nick mean when he says, “the holocaust was complete”?
Chapter 9
1. Why is Nick in charge of arranging Gatsby’s funeral?
2. How does Henry Gatz hear about the funeral?
3. For what does Klipspringer call Gatsby’s house?
4. Why does Mr. Gatz show Nick Gatsby’s schedule from his youth? What does this show you
about the kind of person Gatsby was meant to be?
5. What happens to Nick and Jordan’s relationship?
6. Do you agree with Nick’s statement: “They were careless people, Tom and Daisy--they
smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast
carelessness or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess
they had made...”? Justify your response.
7. In his final comment, Nick says: “Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year
by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but that’s no matter--tomorrow we will run faster,
stretch out our arms farther... And one fine morning-- So we beat on, boats against the current,
borne back ceaselessly into the past”? Why is this quote significant to the theme of the
American Dream in the novel?
Style is a literary technique used by an author to create a piece of literature that reveals the author’s
uniqueness. Word choice, figurative language, imagery, rhythm, sentence structure, foreshadowing,
symbolism, use of dialect, and other literary devices, all work together to make an author’s writing
distinctive. The style in which an author writes influences how well we understand and identify with the
literature, and reveals an author’s biases and beliefs. Very often, the time period in which an author writes
strongly influences his style. This is the case with F. Scott Fitzgerald.
After World War I, Americans experienced a time of dramatic change. No longer did Americans believe
they were invulnerable to war or other political instability, and this insecurity kept the American public on
edge. But this was also a period of technological advancement and economic growth. By the 1920s,
people had more money and more diversions on which to spend their money. Literature of this era reflects
this period of instability, focusing on themes of change and insecurity, and the materialism, recklessness,
and pretentiousness of society.
F. Scott Fitzgerald’s writing uses numerous techniques of style to make The Great Gatsby such a literary
success. He uses symbolism, imagery, and repetition of ideas and situations extensively. He also uses
some difficult vocabulary, limited dialogue between characters, and the powerful effect of first-person
narration as Nick struggles to make sense of the characters and their complicated lives.
Directions: Identify the elements of style that are being used in each of the following excerpts, choosing from the box
below. Elements may be used more than once, and there may be more than one right answer for each. Once you have
identified the elements of style that have been used, explain the effect that these techniques have on the reader. An
example has been done for you.
short, simple sentences clear rhythm pattern plain, simple vocabulary

heightened vocabulary foreshadowing figurative language
symbolism stream of consciousness repetition
dialect long, wordy sentences sensory images
Ex. “Most of the confidences were unsought--frequently I have feigned sleep, preoccupation or a hostile levity when I
realized by some unmistakable sign that an intimate revelation was quivering on the horizon--for the intimate
revelations of young men or at least the terms in which they express them are usually plagiaristic and marred by
obvious suppressions.”
Elements of style: long, wordy sentences; heightened vocabulary; repetition; slight stream of consciousness
Effect: This passage is very wordy and formal. The vocabulary is rich and heightened and I find myself
having to read the passage a few times to figure out exactly what Nick is trying to say. Also, this entire
passage is one long sentence; Fitzgerald added dashes instead of splitting this passage into several
sentences. This also contributes to the stream of consciousness feel to the excerpt. I feel like I am getting
to know Nick and the way he thinks. Clearly, he is an educated and insightful man, and perhaps a little
arrogant.

short, simple sentences clear rhythm pattern plain, simple vocabulary
heightened vocabulary foreshadowing figurative language
symbolism stream of consciousness repetition
dialect long, wordy sentences sensory images
1. “... the darkness had parted in the west, and there was a pink and golden billow of foamy clouds above the
sea.” (Ch. 5)
Elements of style: __________________________________________________________________________________
Effect: ___________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. “The wind had blown off, leaving a loud, bright night, with wings beating in the trees and a persistent
organ sound as the full bellows of the earth blew the frogs full of life.” (Ch.1)
Elements of style: _________________________________________________________________________________

Effect: __________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. “Everybody had seen it. It was a rich cream color, bright with nickel, swollen here and there in its
monstrous length with triumphant hat-boxes and supper-boxes and tool-boxes, and terraced with a
labyrinth of wind-shields that mirrored a dozen suns.” (Ch. 4)
Elements of style: _________________________________________________________________________________
Effect: __________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. “The exhilarating ripple of her voice was a wild tonic in the rain. I had to follow the sound of it for a
moment, up and down, with my ear alone, before any words came through. A damp streak of hair lay like a
dash of blue paint across her cheek, and her hand was wet with glistening drops as I took it to help her from
the car.” (Ch. 5)
Effect: __________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. “He took out a pile of shirts and began throwing them one by one before us, shirts of sheer linen and thick
silk and fine flannel which lost their folds as they fell and covered the table in many-colored disarray. While
we admired he brought more and the soft rich heap mounted higher--shirts with stripes and scrolls and plaids
in coral and apple green and lavender and faint orange with monograms of Indian blue.” (Ch. 5)
Effect: __________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Directions: Each of the vocabulary words from Chapter 7 have been placed in a sentence below. However, many of the
vocabulary words have been misused, and are in the incorrect part of speech form for the sentence. Circle the word that
would best replace the underlined vocabulary word. If the sentence is correct as is, circle the word “correct”.
1. We knew that after all of our hard work and determination, our graduation would be a
portentous occasion.
a. portend b. portent c. portentousness d. correct
2. The king reigned for over 45 years, and was known for his magnanimous.
a. magnate b. magnanimousness c. magnanimously d. correct
3. The soldiers were formidable armed against their opponent.
a. formidably b. formidableness c. formidability d. correct
4. We thought it was rude that he would presumptuous he was invited to our party.
a. presumptive b. presume c. presumptuousness d. correct
5. Growing up, Tommy was an especially inquest and ultimately, a mischievous, little boy.
a. inquisition b. inquiry c. inquisitive d. correct
6. Diana tried for hours to expostulation with James, but he would not budge on the issue.
a. expostulate b. expostulating c. expostulatingly d. correct
Now circle the correct part of speech for each of the words below.
7. expostulation: noun verb adverb adjective
8. expostulate: noun verb adverb adjective
9. inquest: noun verb adverb adjective
10. inquisitively: noun verb adverb adjective
11. presumptuous: noun verb adverb adjective
12. presumptive: noun verb adverb adjective
13. formidable: noun verb adverb adjective
14. formidably: noun verb adverb adjective
15. magnanimous: noun verb adverb adjective
16. magnate: noun verb adverb adjective
17. portentous: noun verb adverb adjective
18. portend: noun verb adverb adjective

Tone is the emotional quality of the words that the author has chosen. It is also the author’s attitude and
point of view toward a subject; it reflects the feelings of the writer, and can affect the emotional response
of the reader to the piece. While we have all heard, “Don’t use that tone of voice with me!” a writer does
not have the advantage of the sound of his voice to reveal the tone of the piece. As we read the words on
the page, the author hopes that the words he or she has chosen and the way he or she has arranged those
words will help us hear a voice in our heads, supplying the emotional appeal.
There are many elements that can contribute to the tone of a piece of literature. Loaded, biased words,
pretentious language, euphemisms, double-speak, heavy use of slang, dialect or jargon, sentence
structure, diction, and voice can directly affect the tone of a work. Tone can be formal or informal, light
or serious, personal or impersonal, subjective or objective, casual or passionate, simple or elaborate.
When learning to recognize tone, it is also important to understand mood, a general feeling that is created
by the tone. In literature, writers carefully choose their words, wanting the reader to feel love and hate, joy
and sadness. Mood is usually described in expressions of feeling and emotions, such as fear, surprise,
anger, hatred, contentment, or jealousy, to name a few.
Directions: For each passage, answer the questions regarding tone and mood. Write the letter of the correct response on
the line provided.
Passage 1:
“I couldn’t sleep all night; a fog-horn was groaning incessantly on the Sound, and I tossed half sick
between grotesque reality and savage frightening dreams. Toward dawn I heard a taxi go up Gatsby’s
drive and immediately I jumped out of bed and began to dress--I felt that I had something to tell him,
something to warn him about and morning would be too late.”
1. The tone of the narrator’s speech is: ______
a. cheerful
b. lively
c. discouraged
d. distracted
2. The narrator’s tone reveals an attitude of: ______
a. confidence, since he knows Gatsby will be fine
b. surprise, since he wants to tell Gatsby something important
c. helplessness, since he is deeply affected by the events, but cannot do anything about them
d. pride, since he is proud to be Gatsby’s friend and there for him in his time of need
3. The passage ends in a tone of: _______
a. panicked determination
b. hopeless grief
c. hateful scorn
d. sad confusion
4. Which word best captures the mood of the passage as a whole? _______
a. calm
b. annoyance
c. contentment
d. anxiousness
Passage 2:
“Through this twilight universe Daisy began to move again with the season; suddenly she was again
keeping half a dozen dates a day with half a dozen men and drowsing asleep at dawn with the beads and
chiffon of an evening dress tangled among dying orchids on the floor beside her bed. And all the time
something within her was crying for a decision. She wanted her life shaped now, immediately -- and the
decision must be made by some force -- of love, of money, of unquestionable practicality -- that was close
at hand.”
5. Which phrase or sentence in the passage best reveals a tone of urgency? _______
a. Through this twilight universe Daisy began to move again with the season; suddenly she was
again keeping half a dozen dates a day with half a dozen men...
b. And all the time something within her was crying for a decision.
c. She wanted her life shaped now, immediately--and the decision must be made by some force
--of love, of money, of unquestionable practicality...
d. none of the above
6. In this passage, the writer expects the reader to be: _______
a. jealous
b. angry
c. sympathetic
d. indifferent
7. This passage most clearly reveals a/an ________ tone.
a. sentimental
b. practical
c. vengeful
d. impersonal
Passage 3:
“There was a faint, barely perceptible movement of the water as the fresh flow from one end urged its
way toward the drain at the other. With little ripples that were hardly the shadows of waves, the laden
mattress moved irregularly down the pool. A small gust of wind that scarcely corrugated the surface was
enough to disturb its accidental course with its accidental burden.”
8. In this passage the author uses tone to make the story: _______
a. more confusing
b. more displeasing
c. more dramatic
d. more predictable
9. In this passage, the author’s attitude toward Gatsby’s death is best described as: ______
a. silent shock
b. deafening rage
c. nervous confusion
d. grateful contentment
10. Which phrase conveys a tone of remorse? _______
a. “movement of the water”
b. “shadows of waves”
c. “small gust of wind”
d. “accidental course with its accidental burden”
Directions: Using the vocabulary words from Chapter 8, write a sentence which clearly reveals the word meaning in the
context of the sentence.
1. malice _____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. ravenously _________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. whim ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
4. vestibule ___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
5. garrulous __________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
6. fortuitously _________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Using the same vocabulary words, fill in the blank with the word that best fits in each sentence.
7. “... ‘Jay Gatsby had broken up against Tom’s hard ___________________ and the long secret
extravaganza was played out.”
8. “He took what he could get, ___________________ and unscrupulously--eventually he took Daisy
one still October night, took her because he had no real right to touch her hand.”
9. “I supposed there’d be a curious crowd around there all day with little boys searching for dark
spots in the dust and some ____________________ man telling over and over what had
happened...”
10. “A new world, material without being real, where poor ghosts, breathing dreams like air, drifted
__________________ about... like that ashen, fantastic figure gliding toward him through the
amorphous trees.”
11. “As a matter of fact he had no such facilities--he had no comfortable family standing behind him
and he was liable at the ___________________ of an impersonal government to be blown anywhere
about the world.”
12. “He went down to the open ___________________ and sat down on a folding chair, and the
station slid away and the backs of unfamiliar buildings moved by.”

Theme is the central idea or message in a work of literature. The theme of a piece of literature should not
be confused with the subject of the work, but rather, it is a general statement about life or human nature.
Most themes are not completely obvious and must be inferred by the reader. A reader must take a good
look at the entire novel: the title, plot, characters, setting, and mood, which all work together to reveal the
themes in a piece of literature.
Directions: For numbers 1-4, a theme from the novel has been chosen. Find a quote from the text which best illustrates
each theme. For numbers 5-7, a quote has been taken directly from the text. Write what other themes these quotes
reveal or suggest.
1. Theme: Money is the root of all evil.

Example: __________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. Theme: You cannot repeat the past.
Example: _________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. Theme: There are limits to the idea of the “American Dream.”
Example: __________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. Theme: Money and materialism lead to corruption.
Example: __________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. Example: “It’s a great advantage not to drink among hard drinking people. You can hold your
tongue, and, moreover, you can time any little irregularity of your own so that everybody else
is so blind that they don’t see or care.”
Theme: ____________________________________________________________________________
6. Example: “They were careless people, Tom and Daisy--they smashed up things and creatures
and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness or whatever it was that kept
them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made...”
Theme: ____________________________________________________________________________
7. Example: “Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes
before us. It eluded us then, but that’s no matter--tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our
arms farther... And one fine morning-- So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back
ceaselessly into the past.
Theme: ____________________________________________________________________________
Directions: For each of the following sentences, circle the words that best complete the sentence given.
1. The newspaper reported that there was a _____________ and __________ killer on the loose.
a. inane, psychotic
b. provincial, insane
c. insane, commensurate
d. deranged, psychotic
2. Nadia wanted a ______________ house out in the country, but her husband felt right at home in the
_____________.
a. surmise, city
b. gaudy, country
c. provincial, city
d. complacent, city
3. As Jenny examined the art, she looked for the ________________ value within the artist’s unique
______________.
a. deranged, aesthetic
b. aesthetic, style
c. commensurate, signature
d. expensive, surmise
4. The carpenter measured all sides to be sure the ____________________ of his wood were
________________ with the area that needed to be built.
a. surmise, measure
b. measurements, commensurate
c. dimensions, surmise
d. size, complacent
5. Jeff’s co-workers complained that after his promotion, he became ________________ and
_______________, and stopped pulling his weight around the office.
a. complacent, arrogant
b. deranged, surmise
c. commensurate, lazy
d. provincial, unmotivated
6. Since she was still in bed and in her pajamas, Sara and Jazmine had to ______________ that Rachel
would not be ________________ to school that day.
a. summarize, provincial
b. complacent, going
c. understand, commensurate
d. surmise, walking

Across Down
2 simple; humble 1 an investigation

6 generous and forgiving 2 bold; forward
8 negotiation with someone 3 a sudden idea
10 balanced; equal 4 satisfied; comfortable
12 unexpectedly; fortunately 5 with extreme hunger, like a predator
13 momentous; important 6 a desire to harm others or see them suffer
14 pertaining to beauty in art, nature 7 talkative; rambling
15 insane 9 arousing fear, dread, or awe
16 a small entrance hall or lobby 11 assume or infer with little evidence

Directions: Match the vocabulary words with the correct definition. Write the letter of the correct answer on the line
provided.
1. sumptuous _____ a. lightness of weight; buoyancy

2. contemptuously _____ b. tending or leaning towards
3. incredulously _____ c. to find out with certainty
4. vehemently _____ d. private; personal
5. sauntered _____ e. doubtfully; skeptically
6. ascertain _____ f. costly; lavish
7. inclined _____ g. wandered; meandered
8. privy _____ h. scornfully; disdainfully
9. levity _____ i. with great force
10. Explain why Daisy hopes her daughter will be a “beautiful little fool.” ________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
11. Compare and contrast Daisy and Myrtle. ________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
12. What rumors have circulated about Gatsby? Why do you think Fitzgerald introduces these
rumors, rather than facts about Gatsby? ____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
13. For the first few chapters, evaluate the importance of the setting. What could West Egg, East Egg
and the Valley of Ashes each symbolize? ____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

provided.
1. sporadic _______ a. with disapproval or criticism

2. defunct _______ b. occurring occasionally
3. laudable _______ c. in accordance with codes or etiquette
4. ramification _______ d. no longer in existence or use
5. discerning _______ e. revealing insight and understanding
6. reproachfully _______ f. sly or treacherous
7. insidious _______ g. chances or possible events
8. contingencies _______ h. commendable, praiseworthy
9. punctilious _______ i. complicated consequence
10. Who was Meyer Wolfsheim and how was he connected to Gatsby? __________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
11. Explain the events of the evening before Daisy and Tom were married. _______________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
12. Why did Daisy cry over Gatsby’s shirts? What do the shirts symbolize? ______________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
13. Who was Dan Cody? How was Cody involved in shaping Gatsby into the man he is today?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

provided.
1. ravenously _______ a. insane

2. whim _______ b. to infer with little evidence; guess
3. portentous _______ c. of the same size
4. expostulation _______ d. generous and noble in forgiving
5. commensurate _______ e. a sudden or capricious idea
6. surmise _______ f. negotiation, reconciliation
7. deranged _______ g. like a predator
8. presumptuous _______ h. important; memorable
9. magnanimous _______ i. going beyond what is right or proper
10. The weather was an important element of this chapter, as it was in Chapter 5. What could the
steaming heat have symbolized in this chapter? ______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
11. Explain Nick’s comment “the holocaust was complete.” ___________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
12. Explain the irony of Gatsby’s funeral. ___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
13. The green light at the end of Daisy and Tom’s dock was mentioned numerous times throughout
the novel. Its meaning changes and becomes more significant by the end. What did Nick mean when
he said that Gatsby “believed in the green light?” What did the green light symbolize to Nick at the
end of the novel? _______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Part A: Matching
Directions: Match the character with the correct description, action or quote. Write the letter of the correct answer next
to the character’s name.
1. Jay Gatsby _______ a. “incurably dishonest” professional golfer

2. Daisy Buchanan _______ b. rumored to have fixed the 1919 World Series
3. Tom Buchanan _______ c. boarder who played the piano during Gatsby’s “date”
4. Nick Carraway _______ d. drunk patron of Gatsby’s library
5. Jordan Baker _______ e. Tom’s mistress
6. Doctor T.J. Eckleburg _______ f. narrator and Daisy’s second cousin once-removed
7. Owl Eyes _______ g. Jimmy’s father
8. George Wilson _______ h. ex--football player with hot temper
9. Myrtle Wilson _______ i. Gatsby’s mentor and inspiration
10. Meyer Wolfshiem _______ j. shoots Gatsby, then kills himself
11. Ewing Klipspringer _______ k. the “eyes of God” in the Valley of Ashes
12. Dan Cody _______ l. dropped out of college
13. Henry Gatz _______ m. the object of Gatsby’s affection and energy
Part B: Multiple Choice

Directions: Write the letter of the correct choice on the line provided.
14. In what state does the novel take place? ______

a. New Jersey
b. New York
c. Vermont
d. California
15. In what era does the story take place? ______
a. The Great Depression
b. the Turn of the Century
c. The Jazz Age
d. all of the above
16. Gatsby and Nick live in: ______

a. West Egg
b. East Egg
c. the Valley of Ashes
d. North Egg
17. Where were Tom and Nick educated? ______
a. Oxford
b. Princeton
c. Harvard
d. Yale
18. Gatsby is originally from ______
a. Utah
b. New York
c. North Dakota
d. Minnesota
19. Why did Nick move to New York? ______
a. to be with Daisy
b. to learn about the bond business
c. to continue his education
d. to hide his illegal activities
20. In what war did Gatsby and Nick serve? ______
a. World War I
b. World War II
c. Korean War
d. Civil War
21. Which is NOT symbolic of money in the novel? ______
a. the green light
b. automobiles
c. Gatsby’s shirts
d. the eyes of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg
22. Gatsby was so nervous upon seeing Daisy again that he knocked over Nick’s ______
a. wine glass
b. clock
c. picture of Daisy
d. chair
23. Which of the following is NOT a theme of the novel? ______
a. Money cannot buy happiness
b. You cannot relive the past
c. Good things come to those who wait
d. Decline of the American Dream
24. Whose voice is said to be “full of money”? _____
a. Tom
b. Gatsby
c. Myrtle
d. Daisy
25. What did Mr. Wilson find in Myrtle’s drawer? ______
a. a dog leash
b. money
c. lingerie
d. an empty whiskey bottle

Part C: Short Response
Directions: Answer each of the following questions using complete sentences and as much detail as possible.
26. To whom and why did Nick say “You’re worth the whole damn bunch put together”? _____________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
27. What is the truth about Gatsby’s life? Who is he, where is he from, and how did he get to be where he
is today? Give as many details as possible. ____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
28. What is ironic about Gatsby’s funeral? _____________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
29. Explain the full symbolic meanings behind the green light at the end of Daisy’s dock. ______________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
30. Explain the significance of Nick’s comment: “Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future
that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but that’s no matter--tomorrow we will run faster,
stretch out our arms farther... And one fine morning--- So we beat on, boats against the current, borne
back ceaselessly into the past.” What does this quote mean, and what theme(s) does it illustrate?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

Part D: Vocabulary Matching
Directions: Match the following vocabulary words with the correct definition. Write the letter of the correct definition
for each word on the line provided.
31. privy ______ a. with a lack of emotion or interest
32. levity ______ b. devoid of inhabitants; deserted
33. contemptuously ______ c. tastelessly showy
34. incredulously ______ d. scornfully; with ill-will
35. desolate ______ e. an indirect insinuation or suggestion
36. apathetically ______ f. to find out definitely or with assurance
37. incessant ______ g. participant in something secret or private
38. gaudy ______ h. continuing without interruption
39. innuendo ______ i. lightness of manner or speech
40. ascertain ______ j. skeptically; unbelievably
41. sporadic ______ a. sly; treacherous
42. discerning ______ b. insane; disturbed
43. reproachfully ______ c. consequence; outcome
44. scrutinized ______ d. a fanciful notion or idea
45. ramification ______ e. impertinently bold or forward
46. insidious ______ f. occurring now and then; occasional
47. presumptuous ______ g. shamefully
48. malice ______ h. revealing insight and understanding
49. whim ______ i. extreme hatred; wickedness
50. deranged ______ j. examined closely

Widely believed to be Fitzgerald’s greatest work, The Great Gatsby is not only a story of love, corruption,
money, fear, and determination, it is also an important and respected commentary on American society in
the 1920s.
The story is told by narrator Nick Carraway, who has moved to West Egg to learn the bond business.
Upon his arrival he visits his cousin, Daisy Buchanan, and her husband, Tom, in the wealthy and more
prominent East Egg. It is there that he gets to know the arrogant and brutal Tom, the superficial and
bored Daisy, and her cynical and slightly abrasive friend, Jordan Baker. Nick is immediately drawn into
the impulsive and shallow lifestyle of these characters.
The next day, Nick accompanies Tom to New York, where he is introduced to Tom’s mistress, Myrtle
Wilson, a resident of the dismal Valley of Ashes. At a party, Nick hears more rumors about his notorious
neighbor Mr. Gatsby, who is suspected be a bootlegger, to have killed a man, and to be involved in illegal
activities. Nonetheless, Gatsby’s lavish parties are the most popular and well-attended events around,
although the large majority of guests are uninvited.
Later, Nick himself is invited to one of Gatsby’s parties, and Nick finally meets Jay Gatsby. While Nick is
initially impressed, as Nick gets to know him, Gatsby’s lies and inconsistencies become more obvious.
Nick does find out for certain, however, that Gatsby has been in love with Daisy since before his stint in
World War II, and that he intends on winning her back now that he has finally built the empire that he
always felt he needed to win Daisy.
After Gatsby convinces Nick to have Daisy to his house, Gatsby and Daisy are reunited, and their love
affair is rekindled. Nick begins to learn more about the truth of Gatsby’s past, including the fact that
Gatsby was once James Gatz, a poor boy from North Dakota, and that attempting to regain his lost love,
Gatsby bought the house across from Daisy and Tom, and has been throwing lavish parties in the hope of
once again seeing Daisy.
Daisy and Gatsby’s affair continues, and they even become more blatant about it, flaunting it in front of
Tom. One particular evening, Tom suggests they go to New York, and it is on this fateful night that
Gatsby bears all, declaring his love for Daisy and asking for her love in return. But Daisy cannot deny
that she did love Tom, an assertion that all but shatters Gatsby’s dream. Distraught over the evening’s
events, Daisy wants to return home, and insists on driving herself. Tom, realizing Daisy will never leave
him, insists that Gatsby travel as her passenger, in Gatsby’s car. While driving home, Daisy loses control
of the car and instantly kills Myrtle, who, thinking Tom was driving, ran out in the street to meet her
lover.
Rumors spread about the yellow car that killed Myrtle, and eventually Mr. Wilson, Myrtle’s husband,
traces the car to Gatsby. Believing that Gatsby was the one having an affair with his wife, and that her
lover deliberately killed her, George Wilson shoots and kills Gatsby, then kills himself.
Knowing that Daisy is the one who killed Myrtle, Nick is forced to organize a decent funeral for Gatsby.
After reading in the newspaper about his son’s murder, Henry Gatz arrives to pay his respects. He and
Nick are the only ones to attend Gatsby’s funeral.
Disgusted with life in New York and the events of the past few weeks, Nick decides to return to the
Midwest. Before he leaves, however, he runs into Tom Buchanan. Tom still believes (or at least, wants
Nick to think he believes), that it was Gatsby who was driving the car. Nick realizes that Tom, feigning
sympathy and innocence, led Wilson straight to Gatsby. Nick realizes the power of these careless people
and that Gatsby was merely striving towards a dream, a dream that corruption, materialism and
selfishness ultimately destroyed.
Pre-Reading Activities
1. Have students complete the Author Biography: F. Scott Fitzgerald on pages 4 and 5.
2. Have students complete the activity on Standards Focus: Elements of the Novel on page 8.
3. Complete the Anticipation/Reaction Guide on pages 6 and 7.
4. Have students journal/discuss the statement: “Money can lead to happiness.” Are there advantages to
being wealthy? Are there advantages to being poor? What are the disadvantages of both?
5. Have students discuss/define the “American Dream.” What was the “American Dream” to
immigrants coming to the United States one hundred years ago. How would they define the idea of
the “American Dream” today? Is the Dream still possible?
6. Have students research the popular clothing styles, new inventions, music, movies, etc. of American
society in the 1920s. Working either individually or in groups, have students either put together a
PowerPoint presentation or create a brochure, complete with pictures. Give extra credit for dressing
in the clothing style for the presentation.
7. Have students do an in-depth research project on F. Scott Fitzgerald and his life and work.
8. Have students journal/discuss a time when they wanted to relive or change a moment from their past.
Do you think it is possible to relive the past, or do you believe that things can never be the same, even if
you try to repeat it? What lengths would you go to regain a lost moment or reunite with an old love?
9. Have students research Prohibition. In a brochure, poster, or PowerPoint presentation, have students
explore what it is, why it was enacted, including “Speakeasies,” and the “bootlegger.”
10.Have students research the role of women in the 1920s. Explore women’s rights, the “flapper,” their
role in Prohibition, and their roles as wives and mothers.
Post-Reading Extension Activities and Alternative Assessment

1. Create a front-page of a newspaper in which the deaths of Myrtle, Gatsby and George Wilson are
reported. Be sure to include pictures. Other articles, such as advertisements, announcements, other
local, national or international news, an advice column, or cartoons can also be included.
2. Make a three-dimensional model of Gatsby’s house using clay, foam, sticks, sugar cubes,
marshmallows--anything that will yield a 3-D design.
3. Pretend you are a costume designer for a play production of The Great Gatsby. Research the clothing
of the era and with the hints and clues given in the novel, design costumes for Gatsby, Daisy, Nick,
Tom and Myrtle. Each drawing must be on an 8 ½” by 11” page, colored, with fabric swatches
attached. Write a one-page report explaining what each character is wearing, and for which scene.
4. Pretend you are a psychologist and your patient is any character from the novel. Write about your
patient, what problems he or she is facing, how he or she is coping, and any advice you would give
him or her. Your log should be at least five entries over a period of time, a minimum of one page each
entry.
5. Music was an extremely important aspect of the American culture in the 1920s. Research types of
music and dances of the era, such as Jazz, “The Charleston,” early “Swing,” and the “Lindy Hop.”
Learn one of these dances and perform it to the appropriate music.
6. Cast a more modern movie-version of The Great Gatsby. You are the director, and have your choice of
any actor or actress to play your roles. Who would you cast and why? Make a poster announcing
your Opening Night, the stars of your movie, and when and where the debut will take place.
7. Create Daisy’s or Gatsby’s scrapbook of important events in his or her life. Include information you
have learned about Gatsby’s or Daisy’s past from the book, and the events of the novel itself. Be sure
to include pictures and an explanation or journal-like thoughts about each event.

Essay/Writing Ideas
1. What qualities make someone “great”? Does Gatsby live up to his title as the “Great Gatsby”? Why
or why not? Justify your response with textual examples.
2. Discuss the use of the first-person point of view in this novel. Was it effective? Was Nick a reliable
and truthful narrator? Why or why not? How might the novel have been different if the story had
been told from the 3rd person point of view, or even from the point of view of another character, such
as Daisy, Myrtle, or even George Wilson?
3. Compare and contrast Daisy and Myrtle. In what ways were they alike? Different? How does
Fitzgerald, on the whole, characterize the women in this novel? Do you agree or disagree with the
way women are portrayed? Or was this just an era of women asserting themselves for the first time?
4. Research the “Lost Generation,” a term coined by Gertrude Stein. F. Scott Fitzgerald was one of the
writers Stein labeled as a member of this group. Write a paper that explores the reasons Stein created
this label, who was considered a part of this “Generation,” the characteristics of this “Generation,”
and how The Great Gatsby fits into this characterization.
5. Write a 15-line poem about Gatsby and Daisy, the American Dream, or any of the themes of the
novel. Your poem may rhyme, but does not have to.
6. Write an alternate ending to the novel. What would have happened if Gatsby had survived? or
George Wilson had not committed suicide? or Daisy had left Tom for Gatsby? What happens next?
You choose from where the story changes and what happens to each character.
7. Conduct an interview with either Tom or Daisy. Write at least 10 questions that will give the
character a chance to tell his or her story from his or her point of view. You may ask questions,
challenge a situation, express a complaint, or make a suggestion. Then answer the questions in the
persona of the character you chose.

Category Score of 4 Score of 3 Score of 2 Score of 1
Required Includes all required Includes all but Missing more than Several
Elements elements as stated in one of the one of the required required elements
the directions/ required elements elements, as stated are missing from the
instructions. as stated in the in the directions/ project.
directions/ instructions.
SCORE _____
instructions.
Graphics/ All pictures, Some graphics/ Few, if any No graphics/
Illustrations photographs, illustrations are graphics/ illustrations are
drawings, diagrams, used and are illustrations are used, and/or are
graphs, etc. are relevant, used, and/or unrelated, distracting
related to the topic enhancing the detract from the and/or inappropriate.
and enhance the project. project and/or are
understanding and not relevant to the
SCORE _____ enjoyment. topic.
Creativity Exceptionally clever Clever at times; A few original Shows little
and unique; approach thoughtfully and touches enhance creativity, originality,
and presentation uniquely the project. and/or effort.
enhance the presented.
project.
SCORE _____
Neatness/ Exceptionally attractive Attractive and neat Acceptably Distractingly messy

Attractiveness and particularly neat in in design and attractive, but may or very poorly
design and layout. layout. be messy at times designed. It is not
and/or show lack of attractive and does
organization. not show pride in
work.
SCORE _____
Grammar No grammatical/ A few Several Many grammatical/
mechanical mistakes grammatical/ grammatical/ mechanical mistakes
in the project. mechanical mechanical throughout the
mistakes. mistakes. Mistakes project. Project was
Mistakes are not are distracting. clearly not proofread.
distracting.
SCORE _____
Citation of All sources are The minimum Number/types of Project does not cite
Sources properly and number/types of sources are below sources.
thoroughly cited; the sources are the minimum and/or
maximum number/ present and are citations are not
types of sources are cited properly. formatted properly.
used to complete the
project.
SCORE _____
Overall Engaging, provocative, Well done and At times interesting Not organized
Effectiveness and captures the interesting; is and clever, and effectively, not easy
interest of the presented in a organized in a to follow, and does
audience. Work clearly unique manner logical manner. not keep the reader/
shows sense of pride and is well Work shows some audience interested.
and exceptional effort. organized. Work pride and effort. Shows little or no
shows pride and pride or effort in
SCORE _____ good effort. work.
Adapted from the California Writing Assessment Rubric
California Department of Education, Standards and Assessment Division
Score of 4
q Clearly addresses all parts of the writing task.
q Provides a meaningful thesis and thoughtfully supports the thesis and main ideas with facts,
details, and/or explanations.
q Maintains a consistent tone and focus and a clear sense of purpose and audience.
q Illustrates control in organization, including effective use of transitions.
q Provides a variety of sentence types and uses precise, descriptive language.
q Contains few, if any, errors in the conventions of the English language (grammar, punctuation,
capitalization, spelling). These errors do not interfere with the reader’s understanding of the
writing.
q Demonstrates a clear understanding of the ambiguities, nuances, and complexities of the text.
q Develops interpretations that demonstrate a thoughtful, comprehensive, insightful grasp of the
text, and supports these judgments with specific references to various text.
q Draws well supported inferences about the effects of a literary work on its audience.
q Provides specific textual examples and/or personal knowledge and details to support the
interpretations and inferences.
Score of 3
q Addresses all parts of the writing task.

q Provides a thesis and supports the thesis and main ideas with mostly relevant facts, details, and/
or explanations.
q Maintains a generally consistent tone and focus and a general sense of purpose and audience.
q Illustrates control in organization, including some use of transitions.
q Includes a variety of sentence types and some descriptive language.
q Contains some errors in the conventions of the English language. These errors do not interfere
with the reader’s understanding of the writing.
q Develops interpretations that demonstrate a comprehensive grasp of the text and supports these
interpretations with references to various text.
q Draws supported inferences about the effects of a literary work on its audience.
q Supports judgments with some specific references to various text and/or personal knowledge.
q Provides textual examples and details to support the interpretations.

Score of 2
q Addresses only parts of the writing task.

q Suggests a central idea with limited facts, details, and/or explanations.
q Demonstrates little understanding of purpose and audience.
q Maintains an inconsistent point of view, focus, and/or organizational structure which may
include ineffective or awkward transitions that do not unify important ideas.
q Includes little variety in sentence types.
q Contains several errors in the conventions of the English language. These errors may
interfere with the reader’s understanding of the writing.
q Develops interpretations that demonstrate a limited grasp of the text.
q Includes interpretations that lack accuracy or coherence as related to ideas, premises, or
images from the literary work.
q Draws few inferences about the effects of a literary work on its audience.
q Supports judgments with few, if any, references to various text and/or personal knowledge.
Score of 1
q Addresses only one part of the writing task.

q Lacks a thesis or central idea but may contain marginally related facts, details, and/or
explanations.
q Demonstrates no understanding of purpose and audience.
q Lacks a clear point of view, focus, organizational structure, and transitions that unify
important ideas.
q Includes no sentence variety; sentences are simple.
q Contains serious errors in the conventions of the English language. These errors interfere
with the reader’s understanding of the writing.
q Develops interpretations that demonstrate little grasp of the text.
q Lacks an interpretation or may be a simple retelling of the text.
q Lacks inferences about the effects of a literary work on its audience.
q Fails to support judgments with references to various text and/or personal knowledge.
q Lacks textual examples and details.

Answer Key 3. Myrtle is a voluptuous, lower-class woman with whom Tom is
Answers will not be in complete sentences, as most student having an affair. She lives in the Valley of Ashes with her
answers should be. husband, George.
4. Myrtle is loud, crass and lower-class; Daisy is soft, quiet and of
Page 5--Standards Focus: Exploring Expository Writing the elite. Myrtle is larger and more voluptuous, while Daisy is
1. St. Paul, Minnesota on Sept. 24, 1896 delicate and small, like a flower.
2. Frances Scott Key 5. Myrtle is the opposite of Daisy; he may be attracted because
3. Attended the St. Paul Academy, Newman School, and she is loud and bawdy, and doesn’t really allow him to push
Princeton; dropped out of Princeton to join the Army in 1917. her around.
4. He was an alcoholic who suffered from depression and self- 6. That Daisy is Catholic. He doesn’t want a divorce; he wants
doubt, his wife was unfaithful and had mental breakdowns, the danger and game of the affair, and to boost his ego.
and was in and out of hospitals 7. Mr. Wilson is in love with his wife, but Myrtle claims she
5. 1919, This Side of Paradise; 1922, The Beautiful and the Damned never loved him. She thought he was someone else: a rich and
and Tales of the Jazz Age; 1925, The Great Gatsby; 1934, Tender is higher-class man, and it turned out that he borrowed his suit.
the Night; 1941, The Last Tycoon 8. She was going to visit her sister on the train, they flirted, then
6. She was a Southern socialite who cheated on her husband, he pressed himself against her. She got into a taxi with him,
had mental and physical breakdowns, was extremely unstable and figured, “You can’t live forever.”
and died in 1948 in a hospital fire. 9. He slapped her in the face with an open hand.
7. Answers will vary 10. Nick had been drinking all night, and when he tells about the
8. Answers will vary last few events, his mind wanders and he is barely coherent.
9. d. American people were restless and reckless Chapter Three
10. on a separate paper 1. Lemons and oranges; the peels of the lemons and oranges; his
Page 8--Standards Focus: Elements of the Novel parties last a long time, over several days.
Answers will vary 2. A chauffeur in a blue uniform hand-delivered it to him.
3. They consume alcohol, which has been prohibited by law.
Page 10--Comprehension Check: Chapters 1-3 4. Superficial, insincere
Answers may vary 5. The books have not been “cut.” The books are just there so that
Chapter One
he looks educated and well-read. Symbolic of the pretentious
1. First person; past tense
ness and superficiality of society.
2. Nick had it better than most people, he was afforded more
6. Large parties are too intimate and make her feel uncomfortable.
luxuries and opportunities than others, and he should not
7. The mechanics of the car; he has been drinking for days, and
judge others based upon his own life. He is rich, lucky, had a
still won’t take the blame for the accident.
sheltered life, was supported by his father, etc.
8. As “incurably dishonest”; she moved her ball during her last
3. Went to college, born to a prominent, well-to-do family,
golf game.
descended from the Dukes of Buccleuch, father owns a
9. She sees that Nick is not the same as everyone else. She may
wholesale hardware business, looks like his great-uncle,
also see herself as careless and looking to balance herself out,
graduated from New Haven, fought in World War I, moved
or at least look like she is trying.
east to learn the bond business in the spring of 1922, etc.
10. He is one of the few honest people he knows.
4. East Egg is “old money” and more pretentious, West Egg is
“new money” and more ostentatious. Nick’s neighbor is James Page 11 and 12--Standards Focus: Narrator and Point of View
Gatsby. 1. Summary: Nick tells how Daisy and Tom ended up in East Egg.
5. Daisy’s wealthy husband, attended Yale with Nick; strong, They are rich and have drifted with other rich people, basically
arrogant, and a bully, racist and sexist, and having an affair without purpose or reason. Nick feels Tom is searching for his
with a woman in New York. youth and brief stint as a star. Third Person: Interpretation will
6. Nick’s cousin, and a superficial socialite living in East Egg; vary
aware of her husband’s cheating, but chooses to pretend she 2. Summary: Nick helps the reader get a picture and impression
doesn’t know. of Daisy. She is portrayed as superficial and dramatic. She
7. He is having an affair with a woman in New York. murmurs so that people will have to be close to her--a possibility
8. She hopes that her daughter will be able to be blind to all the of loneliness. Third Person: Interpretation will vary
evil she has known; that she will be able to be beautiful enough 3. Summary: Daisy is dramatic. Nick gets the feeling that Daisy is
to find herself a rich and handsome man, but that she will not up to something, or hiding some secret. Nick is feeling uneasy
know about, or will be able to ignore his indiscretions, like and suspicious. Third Person: Interpretation will vary
Daisy has ignored her own husband’s. 4. Summary: Nick is confused and partly disgusted by Tom and
9. Tom is very controlling and “brutish.” They play games with Daisy and their behavior. He doesn’t understand why Daisy
each other, and work hard to hurt each other. doesn’t just leave, and he is not surprised by Tom’s arrogance and
10. He sees Gatsby looking at the stars. It reminds us of the extramarital affair. Third Person: Interpretation will vary
mystery surrounding Gatsby once again. Page 13--Assessment Preparation: Synonyms/Antonyms
Chapter Two Students’ own synonyms or antonyms will vary
1. Halfway between West Egg and New York, with dark,
1. synonyms 7. b. prone
powdery air, dust, and ashes. The Eyes of Doctor T.J.
2. synonyms 8 d. concealed
Eckleburg are here (an old, dilapidated billboard), as is the
3. antonyms 9. c. lightness
Wilson’s Garage. Death, death of the American Dream,
4. synonyms 10. f. abhorrently
sadness, etc.
5. antonyms 11. a. distrustfully
2. The eyes of God.
6. synonyms 12. e. insinuation
Page 18--Assessment Preparation: Definition Extension piano; he plays old songs to bring back their past.
1. c. a garish prom dress 6. Nearly five years
2. b. the smell of perfume throughout a room 7. Sadness, gloom; the possibility that the relationship will not
3. d. a furtive suggestion in a TV commercial work.
4. a. a criminal declaring his innocence Chapter Six
5. d. lovers on an afternoon walk 1. James (Jay) Gatz
6. a. learning the judge’s verdict 2. To become a different person and live a new life; 17
3. Cody was extremely wealthy and allowed Gatsby to be his
Page 19--Vocabulary Review: Crossword
“apprentice” and travel the continent with him. Cody drank a
lot, and because of this, Gatsby does not drink.
4. Cody left $25,000 for Gatsby, but he didn’t get it because it all
went to Cody’s “woman.”
5. To show how Gatsby is new money and not of the same class
as these people, even though he has as much money as them.
They are of a different “breed.” Gatsby doesn’t understand
that they are being rude and sarcastic; he doesn’t work the
same way.
6. To watch Daisy and make sure there is nothing going on
between her and Gatsby. He doesn’t trust her, yet he is
having an affair himself.
7. He makes Daisy miserable, contending that Gatsby is corrupt
and a bootlegger.
Page 20--Comprehension Check: Chapters 4-6 8. Divorce Tom and marry him; to say that she never loved Tom.
Chapter Four 9. Nick insists that “you can’t repeat the past.” Interpretations will
1. Was a bootlegger vary.
2. To reiterate the status and pure number of people who Page 21 and 22--Standards Focus: Foreshadowing
attended his parties; most were into trouble in some way. Answers will vary
3. Rich cream color, bright with nickel, very long, with boxes of
Page 23--Assessment Preparation: Word Roots
all kinds inside, layers of glass, and green leather interior.
Answers may vary slightly
4. He was brought up in America but educated at Oxford; son of
1. Middle English lorchen (or lurcken); to lurk; lurcher, lurch, “in
a wealthy family in Mid-West--all dead; traveled the world
the lurch”
hunting, collecting jewels, and painting. Fought in WWI;
2. Middle Latin sporadicus (sporaden); scattered here and there;
claims to have won a medal.
sporadically, sporadical
5. Gatsby rushes through parts of his story, especially details of
3. Italian, Spanish puntiglio; point of honor, scruple; punctilio,
his education at Oxford.
punctiliously, punctiliousness
6. Wolfsheim supposedly fixed the 1919 World Series; he does
4. Middle English propriete; property, quality of a person or thing;
business with Gatsby; met him after the War.
proprietary, proprietress, propriety
7. A string of pearls worth $350,000
5. Middle English discernen; to separate, distinguish from;
8. Daisy got completely drunk and tries to call the wedding off
discern, discernment, discernable
after she got a letter from Gatsby; Daisy’s mother and Jordan
6. Middle Latin abstractus; to draw away from; abstract,
clean her up and make her go to the wedding dinner. She
abstracted, abstractness
married Tom the next day.
9. Tom crashed his car with a maid from the hotel in the car. He Page 24--Standards Focus: Symbolism
had an affair on his honeymoon. Answers may vary; have students justify their responses if there is
10. *Many interpretations of this quote* People are either after question.
love, or being pursued for love. Either way, they are busy and 1. k 7. e, n, g
tired, and everyone is miserable in some way. He is reflecting 2. f 8. e
upon Gatsby’s story and Jordan at his side. 3. e, n, g 9. i, h, m,d
Chapter Five 4. b 10. j
1. He lights his house up “like Coney Island,” sends someone to 5. a, d 11. o, d
cut Nick’s lawn, flowers were delivered to decorate; lemon 6. l 12. c
cakes and tea in abundance
2. He is very nervous and anxious; he knocks over Nick’s clock; Page 25--Assessment Preparation: Analogies
he is almost too nervous to be alone with her. He isn’t acting Original student answers will vary.
very “Great” at all, more like a nervous teenager in love. 1. Synonyms 5. Antonyms
3. To show her that he finally has made it--he now has all the 2. Synonyms 6. Synonyms
money he always wanted--enough, he believes, to win Daisy 3. Synonyms 7. Antonyms
back. Daisy cries, knowing that he has finally made it, but she 4. Antonyms 8. Antonyms
is now stuck, married to Tom. It is too late. Page 26--Standards Focus: Figurative Language
4. That light that meant so much no longer holds the mystique it 1. personification--the house looked pleasant and open,
used to. From now on his relationship with Daisy will be inviting
different, be it good or bad. 2. simile--the pale curtains waved in the breeze, like flags on
5. He is a boarder left over from a party. He decided to move in, a flagpole
and Gatsby didn’t notice for weeks. He has him play the
3. metaphor--ceiling was white, possibly with ornate borders at activities.
the top of the walls 5. That she was struck down on purpose by her lover. He had
4. simile--the breeze rippled shadows on the rug, continual and found the leash, and had threatened to move away.
uneven 6. He goes swimming.
5. simile--the women were sitting upon a high, overstuffed couch 7. He goes from garage to garage asking around and looking for
6. personification--his body was muscular and masculine-- the yellow car.
someone that could cause harm 8. Those who were most innocent were the ones now dead.
7. simile--people fluttered about, socializing like moths to a Chapter Nine
flame--and they keep coming back 1. Nick believes that Gatsby had no family, and that the state
8. simile--he lived a lavish and rich lifestyle, like royalty would take over if he didn’t.
9. metaphor--she speaks as a woman with money, or one who 2. A Chicago Newspaper
wants it; a preoccupation with materialism 3. His shoes
10. simile--they sat unmoving, posing like statues 4. It reveals the kind of personal determination Gatsby had. He
was meant to become something important, and always had the
Page 28--Assessment Preparation: Root Clues best of intentions.
Sentences will vary 5. Jordan became engaged to another man; Nick wasn’t surprised,
1. laudable but still loved her.
2. contingencies 6. Answers will vary
3. insidious 7. Answers will vary
4. ramification
5. cordial Page 31--Standards Focus: Style
6. ineffable 1. Elements: sensory images, slightly heightened vocabulary,
figurative language; Effect: creates an image like a painting in
Page 29--Vocabulary Review: Crossword
the reader’s mind; a soft, warm feeling.
2. Elements: heightened vocabulary, wordy, sensory images,
figurative language; Effect: strong image of change, loud,
unsettling.
3. Elements: heightened vocabulary, sensory images, figurative
language; Effect: great build-up to the magnitude of
luxuriousness of the car, compounding the “great” in Great
Gatsby.
4. Elements: heightened vocabulary, wordy, sensory images,
figurative language; Effect: poetic, soft, like Daisy; image paints
an almost surreal portrait, like a movie.
5. Elements: sensory images, symbolism, stream of consciousness;
Effect: illustrates the enormity and excess Gatsby has acquired.
Page 33--Assessment Preparation: Parts of Speech
Page 30--Comprehension Check: Chapters 7-9 1. d. correct 10. adverb

Chapter Seven 2. b. magnanimousness 11. adjective
1. So they wouldn’t spread rumors about Daisy’s regular visits. 3. a. formidably 12. adjective
2. Kisses Gatsby; tells Jordan to kiss Nick. 4. b. presume 13. adjective
3. Aloof, distant, there to be shown off like a prize; he never 5. c. inquisitive 14. adverb
believed that Daisy could be capable of having a baby with 6. a. expostulate 15. adjective
Tom, or he imagines that Pammy could have been his own. 7. noun 16. noun
4. Money; it rings with a sort of charm, there is a “song” to it. 8. verb 17. adjective
5. He discovers that Myrtle was having an affair and wants to 9. noun 18. verb
take her away.
Page 34--Standards Focus: Tone
6. Heat is stifling, suffocating; with the mounting pressure,
1. d. distracted
something will have to break soon.
2. c. helplessness
7. That she also loved Tom; that she wanted to leave Tom and
3. a. panicked determination
marry Gatsby.
4. d. anxiousness
8. His 30th Birthday; the end of the recklessness and squalor of
5. c. she wanted her life shaped
the 1920s
6. c. sympathetic
9. Gatsby; Daisy was driving
7. a. sentimental
10. The “eyes” of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg
8. c. more dramatic
Chapter Eight
9. a. silent shock
1. His car could be traced
10. d. “accidental course with its accidental burden”
2. He wants to protect Daisy from Tom; he wants to be with her;
he is still hanging on to hope.
Page 36--Assessment Preparation: Sentence Construction
3. He met her at Camp Taylor, with other boys from the Camp. Answers will vary for numbers 1-6
He was struck by her wealth and charm; He didn’t have any 7. malice
money. 8. ravenously
4. He became a bootlegger and involved in some other criminal 9. garrulous
10. fortuitously business with Gatsby; met him after the War.
11. whim 11. Tom gave Daisy a string of pearls worth $350,000, but the
12. vestibule night before the wedding Daisy got a letter from Gatsby. Daisy
Page 37--Standards Focus: Theme got completely drunk and tried to call the wedding off ; Daisy’s
Answers will vary for numbers 1-4 mother and Jordan cleaned her up and made her go to the
5. Drinking makes people out of control and powerless. wedding dinner. She married Tom the next day.
6. There are people in this world who only care about themselves 12. Daisy cries, knowing that he has finally become rich, but she is
and what they want, and don’t care how they get it. now stuck in a loveless marriage to Tom. It is too late.
7. As hard as life can get, we will still pick ourselves up and strive 13. Cody was extremely wealthy and allowed Gatsby to be his
for our dreams. “apprentice” and travel the continent with him. Cody drank a lot,
and because of this, Gatsby does not drink Cody left $25,000 for
Page 38--Assessment Preparation: Sentence Completion Gatsby, but he didn’t get it because it all went to Cody’s
1. d. deranged, psychotic “woman.”
2. c. provincial, city
3. b. aesthetic, style Page 42--Chapters 7-9 Quiz
4. b. measurements, commensurate 1. g 6. b
5. a. complacent, arrogant 2. e 7. a
6. d. surmise, walking 3. h 8. i
4. f 9. d
Page 39--Vocabulary Review: Crossword 5. c
10. Heat was stifling, suffocating; with mounting pressure;
something will have to give.
11. Those who were most innocent were the ones now dead; it
was all over, the damage was done.
12. Everyone attended his parties, but no one attended his
funeral.
13. Answers will vary. Some suggestions: Gatsby believed in
hope, in the future, love and always striving for his dreams. It
symbolizes hope, progression, and moving onwards despite
setbacks.
Page 43-46--Final Test 13. g
1. l 14. b
2. m 15. c
Page 40--Chapters 1-3 Quiz 3. h 16. a
1. f 6. c 4. f 17. d
2. h 7. b 5. a 18. c
3. e 8. d 6. k 19. d
4. i 9. a 7. d 20. a
5. g 8. j 21. d
10. She hopes that her daughter will be able to be blind to all the 9. e 22. b
evil she has known; that she will be able to be beautiful enough to 10. b 23. c
find herself a rich and handsome man, but that she will not know 11. c 24. d
about, or will be able to ignore his indiscretions, like Daisy has 12. i 25. a
ignored her own husband’s.
11. Myrtle is loud, crass and lower-class; Daisy is soft, quiet and 26. Gatsby; Nick realized that Gatsby was really a good person,
of the elite. Myrtle is larger and more voluptuous, while Daisy is just trying to live his life the best he could. He was a victim of
delicate and small, like a flower. Myrtle is the opposite of Daisy; other peoples’ carelessness and selfishness.
Tom may be attracted to Myrtle because she is loud and bawdy, 27. He is James Gatz; changed his name at 17; from a North
and doesn’t really allow him to push her around. Dakota farm; Dan Cody took him in as an apprentice, left him
12. He is a bootlegger, a criminal, has killed a man. He is trying money.
to build him up. The higher he is, the harder he will fall. 28. Everyone went to his parties, but no one went to his funeral.
13. West Egg, where Nick and Gatsby live, is “new money.” It is 29. Money, hope, the future, striving towards dreams, never give
ostentatious and gaudy, while East Egg is old, traditional money. up
These are the people who have never known poverty, let alone 30. Answers will vary--Never give up; always strive towards your
middle class. The Valley of Ashes is between West Egg and New dreams; you can’t repeat the past; while life may present burdens,
York. It is a dark and somber place. Symbolically, it is where we must always look to the future and our dreams.
dreams go to die. 31. g 39. e 46. a
Page 41--Chapters 4-6 Quiz 32. i 40. f 47. e
1. b 6. a 33. d 41. f 48. i
2. d 7. f 34. j 42. h 49. d
3. h 8. g 35. b 43. g 50. b
4. i 9. c 36. a 44. j
5. e 37. h 45. c
10. Wolfsheim supposedly fixed the 1919 World Series; he does

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The Great

Literature Guide Created by Kristen Bowers

© 2005 Secondary Solutions. All rights reserved.

© 2005 Secondary Solutions 2 The Great Gatsby

Secondary Solutions--The First Solution for the Secondary Teacher!®

© 2005 Secondary Solutions 3 The Great Gatsby

Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, on

© 2005 Secondary Solutions 4 The Great Gatsby

1. When and where was F. Scott Fitzgerald born? _______________________________________________

2) You can never relive the past.

3) People usually get what they deserve.

4) Most Americans strive to live the “American Dream,” searching for

6) Most people strive to live a moral and ethical life.

7) Most people want to be rich, powerful, and respected.

8) Most people live a lie, pretending to be something they are not.

Statement Yes No I Don’t Know

1. Which statement triggered the most thought-provoking or interesting discussion? Why?

Post-Reading Individual Reflection

© 2005 Secondary Solutions 7 The Great Gatsby

reaches an emotional high point or a peak in power

· Conflict - the struggle(s) between opposing forces, usually characters

· Character - the individuals involved in the action of the story

· Point of View - the perspective from which a story is told

Elements of the Novel Activity

What is the name of the novel?

What was the general plot

What was the climax,

What was the general setting?

Who were the main characters?

What was the main conflict

From what point of view

© 2005 Secondary Solutions 8 The Great Gatsby

© 2005 Secondary Solutions 9 The Great Gatsby

Ex. want -- desire synonyms or antonyms antonym: reject

1. inclined -- predisposed synonyms or antonyms __________________________

2. privy -- concealed synonyms or antonyms __________________________

3. levity -- seriousness synonyms or antonyms __________________________

4. contemptuously -- disdainfully synonyms or antonyms __________________________

5. incredulously -- confidently synonyms or antonyms __________________________

6. intimation -- implication synonyms or antonyms __________________________

7. inclined _____ a. distrustfully

8. privy _____ b. prone towards

9. levity _____ c. lightness

10. contemptuously _____ d. concealed

11. incredulously _____ e. insinuation

12. intimation _____ f. abhorrently

© 2005 Secondary Solutions 13 The Great Gatsby

© 2005 Secondary Solutions 14 The Great Gatsby

© 2005 Secondary Solutions 15 The Great Gatsby

unused _____ barren _____ bleak _____ despondent _____

compact _____ solid _____ impermeable _____ bulletproof _____

luxurious _____ imposing _____ pompous _____ grandiose _____

inexact _____ uncertain _____ vague _____ inconclusive _____

callously _____ coolly _____ indifferently _____ emotionlessly _____

persistent _____ nonstop _____ ceaseless _____ relentless _____

© 2005 Secondary Solutions 16 The Great Gatsby

© 2005 Secondary Solutions 17 The Great Gatsby

2. permeate _____ a. a girl dreaming about a date

3. innuendo _____ a. a church full of mourners

4. vehement _____ a. a criminal declaring his innocence

5. saunter _____ a. a bride at her wedding

6. ascertain _____ a. learning pertinent information before a test

© 2005 Secondary Solutions 18 The Great Gatsby

unused ___ barren _ bleak _ despondent ___

compact ___ solid _ impermeable _ bulletproof ___

luxurious ___ imposing _ pompous _ grandiose ___

inexact ___ uncertain _ vague _ inconclusive ___

callously ___ coolly _ indifferently _ emotionlessly ___

persistent ___ nonstop _ ceaseless _ relentless ___

root: meaning of root: ___________

root: meaning of root: ___________

root: meaning of root: ___________

root: meaning of root: ___________

root: meaning of root: ___________

root: meaning of root: ___________

1. scrutinized : analyzed (_) :: gaudy : ____________________________

2. harrowed : ravished (_) :: incessant : _______________________

3. endured : tolerated (_) :: vehemently : _______________________

4. defunct : current (_) :: sauntered : __________________________

5. nebulous : precise (_) :: sumptuous : ________________________

6. contemptuously : scornfully (_) :: scrutinized : __________________

7. indeterminate : precise (_) :: dilapidated : ___________________

8. apathetically : disdainfully (_) :: reproachfully : _____________

10. _____ : :: _ : ___________

11. _____ : :: _ : ___________

12. _____ : :: _ : ___________