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Sahitya Ratna (Hindi)
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MYSORE PULI TIPU SULTAN
TIP Series No. : 141
Written by : Syed Naseer Ahamed
All Rights Reserved with Publishers
First Edition : May 2006
Copies : 2000
ISBN : 81-88241-36-9
Published by : Telugu Islamic Publications
Sandesha Bhavanam,
Lakkadkot, Chatta Bazar,
Hyderabad-500 002. India.
Phone: 24564583
Fax : +91 +40 + 24576237
e-mail: tiphyderabad@rediffmail.com
website: www.teluguislamiclit.org
Typeset by : Geeturai Graphics
Lakkadkot, Hyderabad-2.
Printed at : : Cosmic Printers
Lakkadkot, Hyderabad-2.
Price : Rs. 25
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`«O„_ç`Àáê@∞QÍ Ü«Ú^•úÅÖ’ áêÖÁæ# QÆey# ™ê÷~Úh, ™ê=∞~å÷ºhfl ãÖáêkOK«∞‰õΩ#fl
\˜Ñ¨Ó 1763Ö’ [iy# =∞ÅÉÏ~ü áÈ~å@OÖ’ `˘e™êiQÍ áêÖÁæ<åfl~°∞. 1769–72
=~°‰Ωõ =∞~å~îåÅ`À ™êy# Ü«Ú^•úÅÖ’ áêÖÁæx, Jã¨=∂# ^è~·≥ º° ™êÇ¨Ï™êÅ∞ „Ñ¨îŒ ≈OKå~°∞.
`«O„_çH˜ `«y# `«#Ü«Ú_»∞ JxÊOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. „Ñ¨^äŒè=∞ "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ Ü«∞^ŒúOÖ’ „a\©+¨~°¡
‰õÄ@q∞ #∞O_ç x*ÏO #"å|∞#∞ ^Œ∂~°O KÕ¿ãO^Œ∞‰õΩ ™êy# „Ñ¨Ü«∞`åflÅÖ’ ÉèÏQÆOQÍ
ZO`À KåHõK«HõºOQÍ ^Ò`«ºO #_çÑ≤ 17 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ \˜Ñ¨Ó q[Ü«∞O ™êkèOKå~°∞.
P<å_»∞ \˜Ñ¨Ó „Ñ¨^Œi≈Oz# ~å[huH˜ =ÚQÆ∞ú_≥·# x*ÏO, \˜Ñ¨Ó#∞ Ñ¶¨`Õ Jb MÏ<£
a~°∞^Œ∞`À ã¨`«¯iOz Q“~°qOKå~°∞.
`«O„_çÖÏˆQ Ü«Ú^Œú Hõà◊Ö’ „áêg}º`« ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~ü Jb
ãÖáêkOz# \˜Ñ¨Ó Ñ¨Ù~å`«# ãÖ„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞ Ü«Ú^Œú
s`«∞Å#∞ J#∞ãïã¨∂Î, áêâßÛ`«º Ü«Ú^Œú =ÓºÇ¨Å‰õΩ
J#∞QÆ∞}OQÍ Ãã·<åºxfl P^èŒ∞hHõiOz =∞Oz `«sÊù^Œ∞
WÑ≤ÊOKå~°∞. ãïH˘`«Î PÜ«Ú^è•Å#∞ Ü«Ú^Œ=ú ÓºÇ¨Å#∞
~°∂á⁄OkOz q[Ü«∂Å‰õΩ ~åK«ÉÏ@ "Õ™ê~°∞.
1780Ö’ HõÅflÖò Ç¨ÏO|~ü ™Èì<£x `«iq∞ H˘\˜ì#
Kåi„`«Hõ ãÖÑ¶¨∞@#Ö’ „Ñ¨=ÚY áê„`« =Ç≤ÏOKå~°∞.
D F@q∞x ^Œ$+≤ìÖ’ ÃÑ@∞ìH˘x, „Ñ¨MÏº`« POQÆ¡
¿ã<å#∞Å∞ [#~ü ÖÏÔ~<£û, ~å|~üì Hõ¡"£ Ãã·<åºÅ HõO>ˇ
|Å"≥∞#ÿ Ãã<· åºÅ#∞ Hõey L#fl `«=∞‰õΩ "≥Ú^Œ\™˜ êiQÍ
ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ Ãã·<åºÅ#∞ Z^Œ∞~˘¯#ÖËHõ áêiáÈ"åeû#
Ñïã≤÷u ^•Ñ¨ÙiOzO^Œx, „Ñ¨ã¨∞Î`«O \˜Ñ¨Ó Ãã·<åºÅ Z^Œ∞@ xÅ∞=ÖËHõ "≥#∞fl K«∂áêeû#
^Œ∞ã≤÷u HõeyO^Œx, POˆQ¡Ü«∞ Ãã·xHÍkèHÍi [#~°Öò „QÍO\ò ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl_»∞.
('An English army much superior to one which under a Lawrence
or Clive, five and twenty years ago, made Hindoostan, nay some of
powers of Europe tremble at the bare fact of its victories, now for the
first time were retreating in the face of an Indian army.' -TIPU SULTAN
: HIS VISION AND MISSION, By Prof. B. Sheik Ali, Published in Radi-
ance Views Weekly 1-7 August 1999, Page .14)
13
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
~å*Ïºaè¿+HõO
"≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞#∞ ^ŒHõΔ}ÏkÖ’ |e+¨ì"≥∞ÿ# ~å[ºOQÍ ~°∂á⁄OkOKåÅx HõÅÅ∞QÆ#fl
ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~ü Jb â◊`«$=ÙÅ ^•_»∞Å #∞O_ç ~å*Ïºxfl HÍáê_»∞‰õΩ<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ, `«# rq`«OÖ’x
J`«ºkèHõ HÍÅO ~°}Éèí∂q∞Ö’<Õ QÆ_çáê~°∞. â◊„`«∞=Ù`À HõÅ|_»∞`«∂<Õ 1782 #=O|~°∞
6#, ~°}~°OQÆOÖ’ `«∞kâßfiã¨ =kÖÏ~°∞. D qëê^Œ "å~°Î \˜Ñ¨ÓH˜ JO^Õ<å\˜H˜ PÜ«∞#
=∞ÅÉÏ~ü f~å# HõÅflÖò Ç¨ÏO|~ü ™Èì<£#∞ `«iq∞ `«iq∞ H˘_»∞`«∞<åfl~°∞. `«O„_ç Hõ#∞fl
=¸ã≤# "å~°Î q#fl \˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨`«fi~°"Õ∞ N~°OQÆÑ¨@flO KÕ~°∞‰õΩx, `«# 31= U@ 1782
_çÃãO|~ü =∂ãÖÖ’ "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å[ºÅH˜;x KÕ|\Ïì~°∞. z#fl =Ü«∞ã¨∞ûÖ’<Õ â∫~°ºÑ¨„`å
áêÅ`À „Ñ¨[Å#∞ PHõ@∞ì‰Ωõ #fl \˜ÑÓ¨ , "≥∞ãÿ ∂¨ ~ü ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ JÜ«∂º~°∞. \˜ÑÓ¨ ~å[ºkèHÍ~°O
KÕÑ@¨ _ì "» ∞≥ `ÿ Õ ã¨∞ÅÉèOí QÍ [iyOk HÍx, ^ŒH}Δ˜ ÉÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ Ö’ "≥∞ãÿ ∂¨ ~ü |Å"≥∞#ÿ ã¨fi`«O„`«
~å[ºOQÍ ~°∂á⁄O^Œ@O W+¨ìOÖËx x*ÏO, =∞~å~îå áêÅ‰õΩÅ #∞O_ç f„="≥∞ÿ#
W|ƒO^Œ∞Å#∞ Z^Œ∞~À¯"åeû =zÛOk. "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å[ºÅH˜;x HÍáê_»∞HÀ=@O HÀãÖ,
\˜ÑÓ¨ _ÕQÆ Hõà§◊ `À ~å[ºOÖ’x „Ñü áêO„`åxfl Hõ_∞» *Ï„QÆ`QÎ« Í ~°HOΔ˜ K«∞HÀ"åeû =zÛOk.
\˜Ñ¨Ó `«O„_ç ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~ü Jb
14
9
„Ñ¨[Å JO_»^ŒO_»Å∞ L#fl@ì~Ú`Õ Z@∞=O\˜ |Å"≥∞ÿ# â◊`«$=Ù<≥·<å Ju
`ÕeQÍæ Z^Œ∞~À¯=K«Ûx PÜ«∞# ÉèÏqOKå~°∞. „Ñ¨Éèí∞=Ù‰õΩ „Ñ¨[Å â◊H˜Î ZO`«\ ˜ J=ã¨~°"≥∂
„QÆÇ≤ÏOz# PÜ«∞# P kâ◊QÍ `«# ~å[H©Ü«∞–ÑïáêÅ<å q^è•<åÅ#∞ ~°∂á⁄OkOK«∞
‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. P HÍ~°}OQÍ, „Ñ¨[Å ãÖˆHΔ=∞OÖ’ ~å[ºˆHΔ=∞O, ~åA ãÖˆHΔ=∞O ^•QÆ∞O^Œ#fl
ã¨`åºxfl J~°÷O KÕã¨∞‰õΩ#fl \˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ `«# ~å*Ïºaè¿+HõO ~ÀA#<Õ „Ñ¨[Å #∞^ÕÌtOz
=∂\Ï¡_»∞`«∂, q∞=Ú‡efl =ºuˆ~HÕz#@ì~Ú`Õ <Õ#∞ <å ã¨fi~åæxfl, <å rq`åxfl, <å
ãÖ`Àëêxfl HÀÖ’Ê=K«∞Û. <å „Ñ¨[Å ãÖ`À+ÖÖ’<Õ <å ãÖ`À+Ö "åi ãÖˆHΔ=∞OÖ’<Õ
<å ãÖˆHΔ=∞O Wq∞_ç LOk. <åH˜+¨ì"≥∞ÿO^ŒÖÏ¡ =∞Oz^Œx <Õ#∞ ÉèÏqOK«#∞. <å „Ñ¨[Å‰õΩ
Uk W+¨ì"≥∂ ^•xx <å =∞OzkQÍ ÉèÏq™êÎ#x PÜ«∞# „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕKå~°∞.
(‘May I be deprived of heaven, of life, off spring if I oppose you.
In the happiness, in their welfare my welfare; whatever pleases myself I
shall consider not good, but whatever pleases my subjects I shall con-
sider as good..’ - AURUNGZEB AND TIPU SULTAN, Evolution of their
Religious Polices, by Dr.B.N. Pande, IOS, New Delhi, 1996, Page. 21)
[#~°O[Hõ ~å[ºáêÅ#
XHõ"≥·Ñ¨Ù \˜Ñ¨Ó#∞ ^≥|ƒfÜ«∞_®xH˜ J^Œ#∞ HÀãÖ Z^Œ∞~°∞ K«∂ã¨∞Î#fl ã¨fi^Õj
â◊„`«∞=ÙÅ∞, =∞~˘Hõ"≥·Ñ¨Ù Ñ¨~å[Ü«∂Å Ñ¨~°OÑ¨~°`À ~°yeáÈ`«∞#fl q^Õj â◊„`«∞=ÙÅ`À
"≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å[ºO K«∞@∞ì=Ú@ì|_ç LO_»@O`À, âßfiã¨ Ñ‘Å∞ÛHÀ=\ÏxH˜ ‰õÄ_® fiHõ
ÖË#Ñ¨Ê\˜H©, „Ñ¨*Ï~°O[Hõ"≥∞ÿ# áêÅ##∞ JOkã¨∂Î, „Ñ¨[Å Pi÷Hõ =º=Ç¨~åÅÖ’ \˜Ñ¨Ó
K«∂Ñ≤# „â◊^Œú#∞ QÆ=∞xOz# POˆQ¡Ü«∂kèHÍi „QÍO\ò, PÜ«∞# K«~°ºÅ#∞ „Ñ¨â◊Oã≤ã¨∂Î
\˜ÑÓ¨ `«# ~å[ºO Ü≥ÚHõ¯ Pi÷Hõ =º=Ç¨~åÅ#∞ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOz# f~°∞ JO^ŒiH˜ P^Œ~≈° OQÍ
xÅzáÈ`«∞O^Œx, ('...How Tipu organised the economic resources of the
kingdom set an example...') J#@O qâı+Ö. „ÑüÉèÏ=O`«OQÍ PÜ«∞# Pi÷Hõ
=º=Ç¨~åÅ#∞ K«Hõ¯k^ŒÌ@O =Å# ~å[ºOÖ’ „Ñ¨[Å∞ ã¨∞Y–âßO`«∞Å`À r=#O
™êyOK«QÆeQÍ~°∞.
„Ñ¨[Å rq`åÅ#∞ ã¨∞Y=∞Ü«∞O KÕ¿ãO^Œ∞‰õΩ \˜Ñ¨Ó q#∂fl`« q^è•<åÅ#∞
J#∞ãïOKå~°∞. áêâßÛ`«º ™êOˆHuHõ Ñï*Ï˝<åxfl Jxfl ~°OQÍÅ‰õΩ =iÎOÑ¨KÕ™ê~°∞.
Jxfl „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi qÉèÏQÍÅÖ’ „Ñ¨[Å‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz# Jxfl ~°OQÍÅÖ’ Ñ¨Å∞ qÑ¨¡"å`«‡Hõ
=∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ KÕ™ê~°∞. ã¨fi^Õâ◊OÖ’<Õ HÍ‰õΩO_®, q^ÕâßÅÖ’ ‰õÄ_® Ñï„â◊=∞Å#∞ ™ê÷Ñ≤Oz
15
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
Jaè=$kúÑ~¨ åÛ~°∞. Ñ¨Å∞ „áêO`åÅ#∞O_ç KÕu =$uÎ HõàÏHÍ~°∞Å#∞, xÑ¨Ù}∞Å#∞ "≥∞ãÿ ∂¨ ~°∞
~å*ÏºxH˜ ~°Ñ≤ÊOz `«# „Ñ¨[Å‰õΩ, „âßq∞‰õΩÅ‰õΩ „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ tHõΔ} WÑ≤ÊOKå~°∞.
Jxfl =~åæÅ „Ñ¨[Å Jaè=$kÌ HÀãÖ Ñ¨Å∞ #∂`«# Ñ¨^äŒHÍÅ#∞ Pq+¨¯iOz
P Ñ¨^äŒHÍÅ∞ ã¨=∞~°ú=O`«OQÍ J=∞Å∞ [iˆQÖÏ `«y# *Ï„QÆ`«ÎÅ∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. #∂`«#
`«~°Ç¨ ã¨Ç¨ÏHÍ~° ÉÏºO‰õΩÅ#∞ U~åÊ@∞ KÕ™ê~°∞. ãÖÑ¨#fl =~åæÅ ÃÑ`«Î#O `«yæOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ
Z‰õΩ¯= "≥Ú`åÎÅ#∞ ÉÏºO‰õΩÅÖ’ "å\ÏÅ∞QÍ á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù KÕã≤#"åiH˜ ÖÏÉèÏÅÖ’ "å\Ï#∞
`«yæOKå~°∞. ¿Ñ^Œ =~åæÅ#∞ á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù "≥·Ñ¨Ù‰õΩ PHõi¬OKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ `«‰õΩ¯= "≥Ú`åÎÅ#∞
ÖÏÉèÏÅ∞QÍ „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕKå~°∞. „Ñ¨[ÅÖ’ á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù#∞, =∞^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù#∞ „áÈ`«ûÇ≤ÏOKå~°∞.
=~°ÎHõ–"å}˜[º ~°OQÍxfl fiÛk^•Ì~°∞. `«∂xHõÅ∞–H˘Å`«Å =º=ã¨÷#∞
P^èŒ∞hHõiOKå~°∞. „Ñ¨[Å∞ "≥∂™êÅ‰õΩ QÆ∞iHÍ‰õΩO_® `«y# Hõ@∞ìk@ì"≥∞ÿ# K«~°ºÅ#∞
fã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. =~°HÎ ,õ "å}˜[º áêi„âßq∞Hõ ~°OQÍÅÖ’ „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fi áê„`«#∞ JkèHOõ KÕ™ê~°∞.
=~°ÎHõ–"å}˜[º ~°OQÍÅÖ’ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi áê„`«#∞ JkèHõO KÕ¿ãO^Œ∞‰õΩ \˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ P<å_Õ
„Ñ¨É∞íè `«fiO ^•fi~å "åºáê~åxfl x~°fiÇ≤ÏOÑ¨ KÕâß~°∞. D "Õ∞~°‰Ωõ „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fi "åºáê~° ãÖã¨#ú¨÷ ∞
( State Trading Corporation) U~åÊ@∞ KÕâß~°∞.
\˜Ñ¨Ó q^Õj "åºáê~°O Jaè=$kúH˜ ZO`À Hõ$+≤ KÕâß~°∞. ã¨fi^Õâ◊ L`«Ê`«∞ÎÅ#∞

q^ÕâßÅ‰õΩ ZQÆ∞=∞u KÕÜ∞« _®xfl „áÈ`«ûÇ≤ÏOK«@"Õ∞ HÍ‰õΩO_®, ZQÆ∞=∞`«∞Å#∞ ã¨∞ÅÉè`í ~« O°
KÕ¿ãO^Œ∞‰õΩ PÜ«∞# <ÒHÍ "åºáê~°O HÀãÖ <ÒHÍ ™ê÷=~åxfl xi‡OKå~°∞. D
q^èOŒ QÍ "åºáê~åaè=$kú ÅHõΔ ºOQÍ "åºáê~° <ÒHõÅ x~å‡}O KÕÑ\¨ #ì˜ „Ñ¨^=Œä ∞ áêÅ‰õΩxQÍ
MÏºuQÍOKå~°∞.
(Tipu was the first ruler to build merchant navy - Prof. Shaik Ali
in his essay ‘ Tipu’s Development Projects and Administrative Machin-
ery, published in Radiance 1-7, Aug. 1999, Page.28)
1793 Ö’ =O^Œ <ÒHõÅ x~å‡}ÏxH˜ ãÖHõeÊOKå~°∞. D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ x~å‡}"≥∞ÿ#
Ô~O_»∞ <ÒHõÅ‰õΩ 'KHIZRI' =∞iÜ«Ú ' HYAS ' Jx PÜ«∞# ã¨ºÜ«∞OQÍ <å=∞Hõ~°}O
KÕâß~°∞. D <ÒHõÅ x~å‡}ÏxH˜ J=ã¨~°"≥∞ÿ# =Ú_çÑ¨^•~åÌÅ#∞ ã¨fi^Õâ◊OÖ’
ã¨=∞‰õÄ~°∞Û‰õΩO@∂, ™êOˆHuHõ Ñï*Ï˝<åxfl q^ÕâßÅ #∞O_ç ã‘fiHõiOKå~°∞. D <ÒHõÅ
x~å‡}ÏÅ‰õΩ „Ñ¨ãk≤ Qú ÍOz# qq^èŒ ^ÕâßÅÖ’x PÜ«∂ =º=ã¨Å÷ ã¨=∂Kå~°O `≥ÑÊ≤ OK«∞‰õΩx
J^èŒºÜ«∞#O KÕã≤ „Ñü =º=ã¨÷Ö’x „Ñ¨QÆujÅ JOâßxfl „QÆÇ≤ÏOz ^•xx ã¨fi^Õj
16
10
=º=ã¨÷‰õΩ J#fi~ÚOKå~°∞. ã¨=Ú„^Œ f~°O ãïÇ¨Ï^Œ∞ÌÅ∞QÍ QÆÅ „áêO`åÅ #∞O_ç
<åqHÍ^Œà◊O U~åÊ@∞`À ~å[º ~°HõΔ}‰õΩ #_»∞OHõ\ÏìÅx \˜Ñ¨Ó PÖ’zOKå~°∞. D
kâ◊QÍ ‰õÄ_® PÜ«∞# `«y# K«~°ºÅ∞ KÕÑ¨\Ïì~°∞. Ü«Ú^ŒÌ~°OQÆOÖ’ ‰õÄ_® <ÒHõÅ#∞
qxÜ≥∂yOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ J=ã¨~"° ∞≥ #ÿ tHõ} Δ HÀãÖ PÜ«∞# „Ñ¨`ºÕ HõOQÍ HõàÏâßÅ#∞ U~åÊ@∞
KÕâß~°∞. 1793Ö’ „Ñ¨ã≤^ŒÌ "åºáê~° ˆHO„^Œ"≥∞ÿ# Éèí\òHõÖò =^ŒÌ PÜ«∞# Naval College
„áê~°OaèOKå~°∞.
ZQÆ∞=∞`«∞Å– kQÆ∞=∞`«∞Å "åºáê~å xH˜ PÜ«∞# ZO`«\ ˜ „áê=ÚYº`«xKåÛ~À,
JO`Õ „áê=ÚYº`« ~å[º~°HõΔ}‰õΩ WKåÛ~°∞. Ü«Ú^ŒúÌ~°OQÆOÖ’ <åqHÍ^Œà◊O x~°fiÇ≤ÏOKÕ
„Ñ¨`ÕºHõ „áê^è•#º`« ^Œ$ëêì º Ü«Ú^Œú <ÒHõÅ x~å‡}O, Ãã·<åºxH˜ tHõΔ} HÀãÖ PÜ«∞#
Ñ¨\ ˜+¨ì"≥∞ÿ U~åÊ@∞¡ KÕâß~°∞. (Eminent Muslim Freedom Fighters, G. Allana,
Low Price Publications, Delhi, 1993, Page. 75)
=º=™êÜ«∞ ~°OQÍxH˜ „áê^è•#º`«

\˜Ñ¨Ó =º=™êÜ«∞ ~°OQÍxfl ZO`«QÍ<À „áÈ`«ûÇ≤ÏOKå~°∞. h\˜ áê~°∞^ŒÅ
™œHõ~°ºO HõeÊOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ JkèHõ „â◊^Œú K«∂Ñ≤OKå~°∞. Ñ¨#∞fl qkèOÑ¨Ù Ñ¨^ŒÌuÖ’ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞
KÕâß~°∞. Ñ¨#∞fl J<Õk Éèí∂q∞ qã‘Î~°‚O q∂^Œ P^è•~°Ñ¨_ç HÍ‰õΩO_®, L`«ÊuÎ q∂^Œ
P^è•~°Ñ¨_ç x~°‚~ÚOKå~°∞. JO`Õ HÍ^Œ∞ =~°¬O h\˜ P^è•~° Éèí∂=ÚÅ∞, h\˜ áê~°∞^ŒÅ
P^è•i`« Éèí∂=ÚÅ‰õΩ "Õˆ~fi~°∞QÍ qÉèílOKå~°∞. ÑÖ@ ã≤~°∞Å∞ JOkOKÕ Ô~·`«∞‰õΩ Éèí∂q∞
q∂^Œ Ç¨Ï‰õΩ¯ HõeÊOKå~°∞. *Ïw~åÌi AÅ∞O‰õΩ K«~=° ∞w`«O áê_®~°∞. |O[~°∞ Éè∂í =ÚÅ#∞
=∂QÍ}∞Å∞QÍ =∂ˆ~Û Ô~·`«∞Å∞, =¸_»∞ ãÖ=`«û~åÅ áê@∞ Z@∞=O\˜ Ñ¨#∞flÅ∞
K≥e¡OKåeû# J=ã¨~°O ÖË^Œx Ñ¨#∞fl ~å~ÚfÅ∞ HõeÊOKå~°∞. Ñ¨#∞flÅ =ã¨∂Å∞‰õΩ =∞^èŒº
^ŒàÏsÅ#∞ `˘ÅyOz „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi L^ÀºQÆ∞Å#∞ xÜ«∞q∞OKå~°∞. =º=™êÜ«∞ Ñ¨x=Ú@¡
H˘#∞QÀÅ∞ HÀãÖ Ô~·`«∞Å‰õΩ ~°∞} ™œHõ~°ºO HõeÊOKå~°∞. h\˜ áê~°∞^ŒÅ HÀãÖ Ñ¨Å∞
K«~º° Å∞ KÕÑ\¨ Ïì~∞° . <å_»∞ HÍ"Õi #k g∞^Œ ZHõ¯_»~Ú`Õ h\˜áê~°∞^ŒÅ‰õΩ „áê*ˇ‰Ωõ ì Hõ\ÏìÅx
\˜Ñ¨Ó L^ÕÌtOKå~À, JHõ¯_Õ D<å_»∞ Hõ$+¨‚~åÜ«∞™êQÆ~ü x~å‡}O HÍ=@O qâı+Ö.
\˜ÑÓ¨ [#~°O[Hõ áêÅ#Ö’ Jxfl =~åæÅ „Ñ¨[Å∞ ã¨∞YâßO`«∞Å`À rqOKå~°∞.
D q+¨Ü«∂xfl „Ñ¨=ÚY K«i„`«HÍ~°∞_»∞ *Ë"£∞û q∞Öò `«# History of British India
ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊OÖ’x W`«~° „áêO`åÅ „Ñ¨[ÅO^Œi HõO>Ë \˜Ñ¨Ó ~å[ºOÖ’x „Ñ¨[Å∞
ãÖ`À+ÖQÍ L<åfl~°∞. ÑÖ@Å∞ ÉÏQÍ ÑÖ_®~Ú Jx ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl_»∞. \˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£
17
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
JO>Ë „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ Jaè=∂#O JO@∂ Ug∞ ÖËx D POˆQ¡Ü«∞ K«i„`«HÍ~°∞_»∞ JO`«\ ˜`À
ãïÃÑ@∞ìHÀÖË^Œ∞. P HÍÅOÖ’ POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ, "åi =`åÎã¨∞^•~°∞Å áêÅ# „HÕ^Œ L#fl
Hõ~åfl@Hõ, B^£ ~å*ÏºÅ∞ J`«ºO`« "ÕQÆOQÍ Z_®~°∞Å∞QÍ =∂~°#∞<åflÜ«∞O@∂, ‰õÄ_®
¿Ñ~˘¯#@O qâı+Ö.
('...there were good crops in Tipus regime and his subjects were
happier than all others in India... the best cultivated and its population
the most flourishing in India. while under English and their dependen-
cies, the population of the Carnatic and Oudh, hasting to the state of
deserts, were the most wretched upon the face of the earth ' - TIPU
SULTAN : HIS VISION AND MISSION, By Prof. B. Sheik Ali, Published in
Radiance Views Weekly 1-7 August 1999, Page. 13 )
\˜Ñ¨Ó =º=™êÜ«∞ ~°OQÆO, P ~°OQÍxH˜ J#∞|O^èŒOQÍ L#fl ~°OQÍÅ‰õΩ
J`«ºkèHõ „áê^è•#º`« xzÛ `«y# K«~°ºÅ#∞ Ñ¨\ ˜+¨ìOQÍ J=∞Å∞ ÑïÛ#O^Œ∞# "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞
~å[ºO Ñ¨Å∞ Ü«Ú^•úÅ#∞ Z^Œ∞~˘¯#flÑ¨Ê\˜H˜ áê_ç ÑÖ@Å`À Hõà◊Hõà◊ÖÏ_çOk. "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞
~å[º=∞O`å Ñ¨K«Û^ŒO Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ Ñ¨~°∞Û‰õΩOk.
JÑïz`« „áêO`«OÖ’ F „Ñ¨Ü∂« }˜‰Ωõ _»∞ „Ñ¨Ü∂« }˜ã∞¨ #Î flÑ¨C_»∞, Ñ¨KÛ« x á⁄ÖÏÅ∞,
„â◊=∞r=ÙÅ∞, #∂`«#OQÍ x~å‡}"≥∞ÿ# #QÆ~åÅ∞, Jaè=$kú K≥O^Œ∞`«∞#fl =~°ÎHõ–
"åºáê~åÅ∞, ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞#fl Ñ¨@ì}ÏÅ ãÖYº ZHõ¯_≥·`Õ HõxÊ™êÎÜ≥∂, ZHõ¯_≥·`Õ „Ñün
ãÖ`À+¨^•Ü«∞HõOQÍ ^Œ~°≈#q∞ã¨∞ÎO^À, P „áêO`«O „Ñ¨[Å Jaè=∞`åÅ‰õΩ J#∞QÆ∞}"≥∞ÿ#
„Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi áêÅ# „HÕ^Œ LO^Œx x~åúiOK«∞HÀ=K«∞Û. J@∞=O\˜ ~å[ºO \˜Ñ¨Ó ~å[ºO.
JO@∂ „Ñ¨MÏº`« JOˆQ¡Ü«∞ K«i„`«HÍ~°∞_»∞ Edward Moore 1794 Jaè„áêÜ«∞Ñ¨_®¤~°∞.
D Jaè„áêÜ«∞O J`«x ~å`«Ö’¡ Dq^èŒOQÍ LOk‘ ..When a person
traveling through strange country finds it well cultivated populous with
industrious inhabitants, cities newly founded, commerce extending,
towns increasing and every thing flourishing so as to indicate happi-
ness, he will naturally conclude it to be under form of Government con-
genial to the minds of people. This is a picture of Tipus’s country, and
our conclusion respecting its Government. ( BN Pandy Page.16.)
\˜Ñ¨Ó POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ#∞ D QÆ_»¤ #∞O_ç `«iq∞ "ÕÜ«∂Åx ãÖHõeÊOz áÈ~å_»∞
`«∞O_»QÍ, POQÆ¡ K«i„`«HÍ~°∞Å∞ PÜ«∞# áêÅ#–Ñ¨^ŒÌ`«∞Å QÆ∞iOz KÕã≤# "åºMÏº<åÅ∞,
Jaè„áêÜ«∞Å∞ QÆ=∞x¿ãÎ \˜Ñ¨Ó áêÅ# ZO`« [#~°O[HõOQÍ LO^À, ~å[ºO =∞Ô~O`«
Ñ¨K«ÛQÍ LO^À, „Ñ¨[Å∞ ZO`«\ ˜ ã¨∞YâßO`«∞Å`À QÆ_çáê~À =∞#‰õΩ J~°÷O J=Ù`«∞Ok.
18
11
áêi„âßq∞Hõ ~°OQÆOÖ’ J„QÆQÍq∞

„Ñ¨[Å ãÖˆHΔ=∞OÖ’ `«# ãÖ`À+Ö LO^Œx #q∞‡# „Ñ¨Éèí∞=Ù HÍ=@O`À
„Ñ¨[Å „Ñ¨QÆuH˜ J=ã¨~°"≥∞ÿ# Pxfl ~°OQÍÅ q∂^Œ PÜ«∞# ^Œ$+≤ì ™êiOKå~°∞. PÜ«∂
~°OQÍÅÖ’ Jaè=$kúx ™êkèOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ, PÜ«∂ ~°OQÍÅÖ’ #∂`«# áÈHõ_»Å#∞,
Ñï*Ï˝<åxfl „Ñ¨"Õâ◊ ÃÑ>ËìO^Œ∞‰õΩ \˜Ñ¨Ó ZO`«QÍ<À „â◊q∞OKå~°∞.
\˜Ñ¨Ó =~°ÎHõ "å}˜*Ïºaè=$kú`À áê@∞ q^ÕâßÅÖ’ Hõ~å‡QÍ~åÅ#∞ ™ê÷Ñ≤O
KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ Hõ$+≤ ã¨ÖÏÊ~°∞. D q+¨Ü∞« "≥∞ÿ K«H¯õ x ^Ò`«ºO #_çÑ≤ q^Õj <Õ`Å« #∞ JOwHõiOÑ¨
KÕâß~°∞. P ^ÕâßÅ ™êOˆHuHõ Ñï*Ï˝<åxfl ã¨fi^ÕâßxH˜ ~å|@ì@OÖ’ PÜ«∞# q[Ü«∞O
™êkèOKå~°∞.
D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ ã¨fi^Õâ◊OÖ’ Ñï„â◊=∞Å ™ê÷Ñ¨#‰õΩ Ñ¨Å∞K«~°ºÅ∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
B`åûÇ≤Ï‰õΩÅ‰õΩ PÜ«∞# „áÈ`åûÇ¨ÏHÍÅ∞ „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕKå~°∞. áêi„âßq∞Hõ ~°OQÆO Ñ¨@¡,
áêi„âßq∞Hõ L`«Ê`«∞ÎÅ Ñ¨@¡ „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ Pã¨H˜Î K«∂áê~°∞. D ~°OQÆO Jaè=$kúH˜ PÜ«∞#
xÑ¨Ù}∞Öˇ·# q^Õj HÍi‡‰õΩÅ#∞ ~°Ñ≤ÊOz „Ñ¨[Å‰õΩ tHõΔ} WÑ≤ÊOKå~°∞. N~°OQÆÑ¨@flO,
z„`«^Œ∞~°æ, ÉˇOQÆà◊¥~°∞, Éˇ^Œ∂fl~üÅÖ’ Hõ~å‡QÍ~åÅ#∞ U~åÊ@∞ KÕ~ÚOKå~°∞. D
Hõ~å‡QÍ~åÅÖ’ Ü«Ú^Œú ™ê=∞„y`Àáê@∞QÍ, QÆ$Ç¨ÏŸÑ¨H~õ } ° ÏÅ∞, Hõ`∞« ÅÎ ∞, "åpÅ∞ ÖÏO\˜q
‰õÄ_® `«Ü«∂~°∞ KÕ~ÚOKå~°∞.
L`«ÊuÎ^•~°∞_»∞, qxÜ≥∂QÆ^•~°∞x =∞^èºŒ ^ŒàÏ~°∞Å#∞ gÅ~Ú#O`«QÍ `˘ÅyOK«
„Ñ¨Ü«∞uflOKå~°∞. D K«~°ºÅ =Å# J@∞ L`«ÊuÎ^•~°∞Å∞, KÕu =$`«∞ÎÅ HõàÏHÍ~°∞Å∞,
HÍi‡‰õΩÅ‰õΩ W@∞ qxÜ≥∂QÆ^•~°∞Å‰õΩ ZO`À "Õ∞Å∞ [iyOk. P HÍ~°}OQÍ J@∞
=º=™êÜ«∞~°OQÆO, W@∞ áêi„âßq∞Hõ ~°OQÆO ÉÏQÍ Jaè=$kúK≥O^•~Ú.
Uk KÕã<≤ å, Uk KÕ~ÚOz<å Pxfl q+¨Ü∂« Å∞ `«# ^Œ$+≤xì ^•\˜áÈx=fi‰õΩO_®
K«∂ã¨∞HÀ=@O PÜ«∞# „Ñ¨`ºÕ Hõ`« HÍ=@O`À „Ñü~°OQÆO ã¨=∞~°=ú÷ O`«OQÍ ~°∂á⁄OkOk.
\˜Ñ¨Ó „áêiâß„q∞Hõ ~°OQÆO Ñ¨@¡ K«∂Ñ≤# „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ Pã¨H˜Îx QÆ=∞xOz# POˆQ¡Ü«∂kèHÍi
P. Fernandes “... no other sovereign in Indian history had given
such impetus to industrial production.” Jx J<åfl_»∞. ( TIPU SULTAN THE
GREAT : Glimpses of His Work and Personality , essay By Mufthi
Shamshuddin Ahemed, published RADIANCE Views Weekly, 1-7 Aug.
1999, Page. 35)
19
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
\˜Ñ¨Ó ~å[=Ú„^Œ
P^èŒ∞xHõ ã¨∂„`åÅ Hõ#∞QÆ∞}OQÍ áêÅ#

(áêH± – Ñ¨tÛ=∞ ^ÕâßÅ ™ê=∂lHõ, ™êOˆHuHõ Ñï*Ï˝<åxfl ãÖ`«iOK«∞‰õΩ#fl
\˜Ñ¨Ó ãÖ„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞Hõ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi áêÅ#‰õΩ aè#flOQÍ, „Ñ¨[Å‰õΩ L`«Î=∞ ¿ã=Å#∞ JO^ŒKÕ¿ã
P^èŒ∞xHõ Ñ¨^Œú`«∞Å#∞ „Ñ¨"Õâ◊ ÃÑ\ì̃# `˘e ã¨fi^Õj áêÅ‰õΩ_çQÍ MÏºu QÆ_çOKå~°∞. „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi
Ü«∞O„`åQÍxfl Ñ¨Å∞ =∂~°∞ÊÅ‰õΩ QÆ∞iKÕ™ê~°∞. „Ñ¨[Å ãÖˆHΔ=∞"Õ∞ „Ñ¨^è•# ÅHõΔ ºOQÍ
„Ñ¨É∞íè `«fiO Ñ¨xKÕÜ∂« Åx "åOzèOz# \˜ÑÓ¨ , áêÅ‰õΩ_çQÍ x~°O`«~O° „Ñ¨[Å „âıÜ∞« ã¨∞û#∞
PHÍOH˜Δã¨∂Î P kâ◊QÍ Ñ¨xKÕ™ê~°∞. D q^è•<åÅ =Å¡<Õ \˜Ñ¨Ó#∞ „Ñ¨[Å∞ Jq∞`«OQÍ
„¿Ñq∞OKå~°∞. \˜Ñ¨Ó Z^Œ∞~˘¯#fl Hõ+¨ìHÍÅOÖ’ PÜ«∞#‰õΩ `À_»∞ xeKå~°∞.
1792Ö’ [iy# "≥∞ãÿ ∂¨ ~°∞ Ü«Ú^ŒOú Ö’ Ü«Ú^Œú #+¨ì ÑïÇ¨~°O HÕ^Œ =¸_»∞#fl~°
HÀ@¡ ~°∂áêÜ«∞Å#∞ „Ñ¨`«º~°∞÷Å‰õΩ \˜Ñ¨Ó K≥e¡OKåeû =zÛOk. P ã¨=∞Ü«∂# „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi
Y*Ï<å MÏmQÍ LOk. =∞O„`«∞Å ã¨ÅÇ¨ "Õ∞~°‰õΩ \˜Ñ¨Ó „Ñ¨[Å ã¨Ç¨ÏHÍ~åxfl Ji÷OK«QÍ,
„Ñ¨[Å∞ Jq∞`À`åûÇ¨ÏO`À =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ =zÛ# `«=∞ "å\ÏQÍ =¸_»∞#fl~° HÀ@¡ ™ê÷#OÖ’
Ñ¨k HÀ@¡ ~°∂áêÜ«∞Å#∞ ã¨=∞‰õÄ~åÛ~°∞. D J#∞‰õÄÅ „Ñüã¨ÊO^Œ# |\˜ì „Ñ¨[Å∞
\˜ÑÓ¨ #∞ ZO`«QÍ „¿Ñq∞OKå~°#fl q+¨Ü∞« O`Àáê@∞ „Ñ¨[Å∞ ZO`«\˜ L#fl`« „Ñ¨=∂}ÏÅ`À
rq`åÅ#∞ QÆ_çáê~À „QÆÇ≤ÏOK«=K«∞Û.
\˜Ñ¨ÓáêÅ# Pâ◊Û~°ºOQÍ J`«ºO`« P^èŒ∞xHõ ã¨∂„`åÅ‰õΩ J#∞QÆ∞}OQÍ
™êyO^ŒO@∂ „Ñ¨=ÚY POˆQ¡Ü«∞ K«i„`«HÍ~°∞_»∞ Ñ≤. ÃÑ¶~åflO_»*ò `«# „QÆO^äŒO 'Storm
Over Srirangapatnam' Ö’ |Ç¨ïq^è•Å „Ñ¨â◊Oã≤OKå_»∞. PÜ«∞# ãÖˆHΔ=∞ ~å[ºO
|Å"≥∞#ÿ Hˆ O„^Œ „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fiO, Ñ¨Å∞ „áêO`åÅ ã¨=∞#fiÜ«∞ ã¨=∞~°áú êÅ#, K«H¯õ x <åºÜ«∞áêÅ<å
20
12
=º=ã¨÷ U~åÊ@∞, ^ÀÑ≤_çH˜ HÍ~°}"≥∞ÿ# =∞^èŒº=~°∞ÎÅ „Ñ¨"Õ∞Ü«∞OÖËx „H˜Ü«∂jÅHõ áêÅ<å
=º=ã¨÷#∞ ~°∂á⁄OkOKå~°x P POˆQ¡Ü«Ú_»∞ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl_»∞.
( “The administration of Mysore kingdom under Tipu Sulthan
was surprisingly based on modern principles... Tipu Sultan’s welfare
state was based on some fundamental principles - viz. A strong Central
Government, a coordinated provincial administration, dynamic and good
civil amenities, principled legal system and elimination of intermediary
(exploiting) channels... “ TIPU SULTAN THE GREAT: Glimpses of His Work
and Personality, By Mufthi Shamshuddin Ahemed, Published in Radi-
ance Views Weekly 1-7 August 1999, Page. 35)
„Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfikèHÍ~°∞Å#∞ „Ñ¨[Å‰õΩ KÕ~°∞= KÕÜ«∞@O, „Ñ¨[Å#∞ ‰õÄ_® „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi
HÍ~°ºHõÖÏáêÅÖ’ ÉèÏQÆ™êfi=ÚÅ#∞ KÕ¿ãO^Œ∞‰õΩ \˜Ñ¨Ó „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ"≥∞ÿ Ñ¨^ŒÌ`«∞Å#∞ J#∞ã¨
iOKå~°∞. „Ñü #∂`«# ãÖ=`«û~°O `˘e ~ÀA# JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞ `«=∞ `«=∞ „Ñ¨^è•#
HÍ~åºÅÜ«∂Å∞ QÆÅ „áêO`åÅÖ’ „Ñ¨`ºÕ Hõ HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂Å#∞ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOKåÅx P^ÕtOKå~°∞.
|Ç≤Ï~°OQÆ ã¨ÉèíÅ#∞ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOKåÅx, P ã¨ÉèíÅÖ’ ÉÏ^èŒ∞ºÖˇ·# JkèHÍ~°∞ÅO^Œ~°∞
áêÖÁæ<åflÅx P[˝Å∞ *Ïs KÕâß~°∞. D ãÖ^Œ~°ƒùOQÍ `«=∞`«=∞ ÑïkèÅÖ’ QÆÅ „Ñ¨[Å#∞
PÇ¨fixOz #∂`«# ãÖ=`«û~° â◊√ÉèÏHÍOHõΔÅ∞ K≥áêÊÅx, P q^èŒOQÍ =zÛ# „Ñ¨[Å
Q“~°"å~°÷O ã¨∞QÆO^èŒ „^Œ"åºÅ∞, `«=∞Åáê‰õΩÅ∞ WzÛ ÑÖáêÅ<åfl~°∞. D ã¨ÉèíÅÖ’ „Ñ¨[Å
J=ã¨~åÅ QÆ∞iOz, =º=™êÜ«∞ ~°OQÆOÖ’ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi `À_®Ê@∞ `«k`«~° JOâßÅ QÆ∞iOz
„Ñ¨[Å`À K«iÛOKåÅx, D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ x"ÕkHõÅ∞ `«Ü«∂~°∞ KÕã≤ `«#‰õΩ ÑÖáêÅx \˜Ñ¨Ó
P^ÕtOKå~°∞.
\˜ÑÓ¨ ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ P^è∞Œ xHõ ÉèÏ"åÅ‰õΩ J#∞QÆ∞}OQÍ P<å_Õ =º=Ç¨ÏiOKå~°#_®xH˜
„Hõ=∞O `«Ñ¨Ê‰õΩO_® PÜ«∞# ™êyOz# [<åÉèÏ ÖˇHõ¯Å ¿ãHõ~°}#∞ L^•Ç¨Ï~°}QÍ
fã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û. PÜ«∞#‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞ Z=fi~°∂ PÖ’zOK«x [<åÉèÏ ÖˇHõ¯Å ¿ãHõ~°}#∞
\˜Ñ¨Ó [iÑ≤OKå~°∞. Ñ¨@ì}ÏÅ∞, Ñ¨Öˇ¡ÅÖ’ [<åÉèÏ ÖˇHõ¯Å`À áê@∞QÍ PÜ«∂ „Ñ¨[Å∞
HõeyÜ«∞#fl Pã≤Îáêã¨∞÷Å#∞ ‰õÄ_® #"≥∂^Œ∞ KÕ~ÚOKå~°∞.
~å[iHõ =º=ã¨÷Ö’ „Ñ¨*Ï™êfi=∞º „¿Ñq∞‰õΩ_»∞

„Ñ¨*Ï™êfiq∞Hõ =º=ã¨÷ HÍ#Ñ¨Ê\˜H˜ „Ñ¨[Å‰õΩ, „Ñ¨*Ïaè„áêÜ«∂xH˜ \˜Ñ¨Ó JkèHõ
„áê^è•#º`«xKåÛ~°∞. „Ñ¨ÑÖK«OÖ’x Ñ¨Å∞ =º=ã¨÷Å#∞ HõΔ}‚OQÍ Ñïjeã¨∞Î#fl PÜ«∞#
„Ñ¨[Å =∂@‰õΩ J`«ºO`« qÅ∞=xKåÛ~°∞. „á¶ê#∞ûÖ’ „Ñ¨*Ï™êfi=∞ºO Jã¨Ê+¨ìOQÍ L#fl
21
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
^Œâ◊Ö’ "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å[ºOÖ’x „Ñ¨[ÅO^ŒiH˜ ã¨=∂#`«fiO, ã¨=∂#Ç¨Ï‰õΩ¯Å#∞ „Ñ¨™êkO
Kå~°∞. „Ñ¨*Ï „Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfixH˜ PÜ«∞# Ñ¨Ù<å^Œ∞Å∞ "Õâß~°∞. „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiOÖ’ „Ñ¨[Å‰õΩ
ÉèÏQÆ™êfi=∞ºO HõeÊOKå~°∞. D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ „Ñ¨[Å „Ñüx^èŒ∞Å`À ‰õÄ_ç# Hõq∞\©Å#∞
xi‡OKå~°∞. „QÍ=∂ÅÖ’, Ñ¨@ì}ÏÅÖ’ D Hõq∞\©ÅÖ’x =º‰õΩÎÅ Jaè„áêÜ«∂Å#∞
ÑïQÆ}Ö’H˜ fã¨∞‰õΩx áêÅ<å Ñ¨~"° ∞≥ #ÿ x~°Ü
‚ ∂« Å∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. D q#∂`«fl q^è•<åÅ∞
JÑ¨Ê\˜ PÖ’K«#Å‰õΩ–q^è•<åÅ ™ê÷~ÚH˜ ãïÑ¨_»ÅË^Œ∞.
POˆQ¡Ü«∞ K«i„`« HÍ~°∞_»∞ M.Wilkes `«# History of Mysore „QÆO^äŒOÖ’
\˜Ñ¨Ó „Ñ¨*Ï™êfiq∞Hõ ^Œ$HõÊù^èŒO–PK«~°} QÆ∞iOz D „HÕk q^èŒOQÍ Jaè=i‚OKå_»∞.
‘Democracy which was in vogue in France at that time was not
alien to Tipu. He had granted equality and equity to all. Tipu sultan laid
the foundation of public Government in his reign. He made his subjects
participate in administration by constituting a representative committee
of the people. But the frame of mind and nature at that time could not
accept this development.’ ( Tipu Sultan : Champion of Justice and Tol-
erance by G.Hasnan Kaif Publihed in Radiance Views Weekly 1-7 Aug.
1999, Page. 24)
K«i„`«#∞ Ö’`«∞QÍ J^èŒºÜ«∞#O KÕã≤# \˜Ñ¨Ó, „Ñ¨[Å ¿ãfiKåÛù, ™êfi`«O„`åºÅ‰õΩ
J`«ºkèHõ „áê^è•#º`« xKåÛ~°∞. „a\©+¨~°¡ ÉÏxã¨`«fiO #∞O_ç 1783Ö’ J"≥∞iHÍ |Ü«∞@
Ñ¨_ç#Ñ¨C_»∞ 108 Ñ¶≤~°OQÆ∞Å#∞ ¿ÑeÛ ãÖ`À+Ö =ºHõÎO KÕ™ê~°∞. ¿ãfiK«Ûù#∞ HÍOH˜Δã¨∞Î#fl
„Ñ¨Éèí∞=ÙQÍ, „Ñ¨[Å#∞ ÉÏxã¨ÖÏ¡ ÉèÏqOK«~å^Œ#fl q^è•<åxfl \˜Ñ¨Ó J#∞ãïOKå~°∞.
~å[º =º=ã¨÷‰õΩ, <≥·uHõ`«‰õΩ, „Ñ¨[Å‰õΩ #+¨ìO–Hõ+¨ìO HõeæOK«#O`« =~°‰õΩ Z=i ¿ãÛKåÛù–
™êfi`«O„`åºÅ#∞ Ç¨ÏiOK«~å^Œ#flk PÜ«∞# Jaè=∞`«O.
„Ñ¨É∞íè =ÙÅ∞ „Ñ¨[Å#∞ `«=∞ ÉÏxã¨Å∞QÍ<À, ¿ã=‰õΩÅ∞QÍ<À ÉèÏqOK«@O, =Oy
=Oy Jaè"å^•Å∞ KÕÜ∞« @O U=∂„`«O `«Q^Æ xŒ \˜ÑÓ¨ `«# JkèHÍ~°∞Å#∞ ÃÇÏK«ÛiOKå~°∞.
JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞, „Ñ¨[Å∞ ^Œ~åƒ~°∞‰õΩ =zÛ#Ñ¨C_»∞ =Oy =Oy ã¨ÖÏ=ÚÅ∞ K≥¿ÑÊ Ñ¨^Œúux
PÜ«∞# ‰õÄ_»^<Œ åfl~°∞. „Ñ¨É∞íè =Ù HÍà◊§ =^ŒÌ xÖ’Û=_»O, KÕ~Ú Ñ¨@∞ì‰Ωõ x =Ú^Œ∞ÃÌ Ñ@∞ìHÀ=@O
ÖÏO\˜ Ñ¨^Œú`«∞Å∞ =Å^Œ<åfl~°∞.
D f~°∞ JÇ¨ÏOHÍ~åxH˜ „Ñ¨fHõQÍ ÉèÏqOz# \˜Ñ¨Ó Jã¨ûÖÏ=Ú JÖˇ·‰õΩO
JO@∂ ™ê^•ã‘^•QÍ Ñ¨ÅHõi¿ãÎ KåÅO@∂ Ñ¶¨~å‡<å *Ïs KÕâß~°∞. =∞ã‘^Œ∞‰õΩ HÍx,
=∞~À |Ç≤Ï~°OQÆ „Ñ¨^ÕâßÅ‰õΩ QÍx „Ñ¨Éèí∞=Ù "≥à◊√§#Ñ¨C_»∞ PÜ«∞# ~åHõáÈHõÅ HÀãÖ
=∂~åæxfl x~å@OHõO KÕã≤ „Ñ¨[Å#∞ W|ƒOk ÃÑ@ì@O ãïHÍ^Œ<åfl~°∞. „Ñ¨[Å#∞ J=ã¨Å÷
22
13
áêÅ∞ KÕÜ∞« ‰õΩO_ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ J=ã¨~=° ∞QÆ∞ x~å‡}ÏÅ#∞, U~åÊ@¡#∞ PÜ«∞# „Ñ¨`ºÕ Hõ „â◊^`úŒ À
KÕ~ÚOKå~°∞.
\˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ *ÏHÀaÜ«∞<£ Hõ¡Éò J#∞ ãÖã¨÷ú#∞ „áê~°OaèOz, P ãÖã¨÷ú
„áê~°OÉè’`«û=O ãÖ^Œ~°ƒùOQÍ XHõ "≥ÚHõ¯ <å\Ï~°∞. P "≥ÚHõ¯‰õΩ ¿ãfiKåÛù=$HõΔO (Tree
of Liberty) Jx <å=∞Hõ~°}O KÕÜ«∞@"Õ∞ HÍ‰õΩO_® `«##∞ `å#∞ "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å[º
áœ~°∞_»∞ QÍ (TIPU CITIZEN OF MYSORE) Ñ≤Å∞K«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. „Ñ¨*Ï™êfi=∞º =º=ã¨÷Ö’
„Ñ¨[Å‰õΩ „áê^è•#º`« WzÛ#@∞ì PÜ«∞# ‰õÄ_® „Ñ¨[Å‰õΩ, „Ñ¨*Ïaè„áêÜ«∂xH˜, „Ñ¨[Å
ãÖˆHΔ=∂xH˜ ÃÑ^ŒÌ Ñ‘@ "Õâß~°∞. XHõ ~å[iHõ =º=ã¨÷ú‰õΩ K≥Ok# áêÅ‰õΩ_»∞ D q^èŒOQÍ
„Ñ¨*Ï™êfi=∞º ÉèÏ"åxfl „Ñ¨H\õ O˜ K«@O J~°∞^≥#· q+¨Ü∞« O. D „Ñ¨H@õ # \˜ÑÓ¨ Ö’x P^è∞Œ xHõ
„Ñ¨*Ï™êfi=∞º ÉèÏ=# ZO`« |ÅOQÍ LO_Õ^À "≥Å_¡ ç KÕã∞¨ OÎ k. \˜ÑÓ¨ Hˆ =ÅO „Ñ¨*Ï™êfiq∞Hõ
ÉèÏ=#Å`À ãïÃÑ@∞ìHÀ=@"Õ∞ HÍ‰õΩO_® P ÉèÏ=#Å#∞, P<å\˜ "å`å=~°}OÖ’,
JO^Œ∞‰õΩ `«QÆæ@∞ìQÍ PK«~°}Ö’ ÃÑ\˜ì JkfifÜ«Ú_»xÊOKå~°∞.
~åà‹§uÎ# ‰õÄbÅ^Õ K«i„`«
„Ñ¨[Å „â◊=∞‰õΩ `«y# „ÑüÑ¶¨ÅO ã¨„Hõ=∞OQÍ JO^Œ*ËÜ«∂Åx P^ÕâßÅ∞ *Ïs
KÕ™ê~°∞. \˜Ñ¨Ó‰õΩ J`«ºO`« „Ñ‘uáê„`«"≥∞ÿ#, „Ñ¨MÏº`« "Õã¨q q_çk QÆ$Ç¨ÏO ^Œ~åº
^ÒÅ`ü x~å‡} ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ „Ñ¨[ÅKÕ`« „â◊=∞^•#O KÕ~ÚOK«∞HÀ"åÅx JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞
ã¨ÅÇ¨ WKåÛ~°∞. D ã¨ÅÇ¨ Ñ¨@¡ f„=OQÍ ã¨ÊOkã¨∂Î, á¶ê~À „Ñ¨Éèí∞=ÙÅ∞ `«=∞ =^ŒÌ#∞#fl
ÉÏxã¨Å KÕ`« Ñ≤~q° ∞_£û#∞ xi‡OKå~°∞....„ã‘ÅÎ , Ñ¨Ù~°∞+¨μÅ g∞^Œ ‰õΩiã≤# H˘~°_® ^≥|ƒÅ`À
^Œ~åº ^ÒÅ`ü
23
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
K≥·<å QÀ_» P^ŒºO`«=¸ ~°HõÎO`À `«_çã≤áÈ~ÚOk... =∂#=ÙÅ Hõhflà◊√§, ~°HõÎO`À
=∞# „áê™ê^•Å∞, ~À_»∞¡, _®º"£∞Å Ñ¨Ù<å^Œ∞Å∞ "Õã≤#@ì~Ú`Õ J@∞=O\˜ x~å‡}ÏÅ∞
„Ñ¨Éèí∞=ÙÅ‰õΩ Z@∞=O\˜ H©iÎ „Ñü+¨ìÅ#∞ `≥zÛÃÑ@ì=Ù, Jx \˜Ñ¨Ó "åºMÏºxOKå~°∞.
(‘....The Pharaohs built the pyramids with the labour of their
slaves...The entire route of the Great wall of Chaina is littered with the blood
and bones of men and women forced to work under the whip and lash of slaves-
driver ..so...there can no glory or achievement if the foundations of our places,
roads, dams are mingled with tears and blood of humanity..’ - ARUNGZEB AND
TIPU SULTAN, Evaluation of their Religious Polices, by Dr.B.N.Pande, IOS,
New Delhi, 1996, Page. 21)
D "Õ∞~°‰Ωõ x~å‡}ÏÅ q+¨Ü∞« OÖ’ KåÖÏ J^è∞Œ xHõ"∞≥ #ÿ Jaè„áêÜ«∂xfl PÜ«∞#
=ºHõÎO KÕâß~°∞. `«∂~°∞Ê #∞O_ç Ñ¨tÛ=∞O =~°‰õΩ L#fl U ^Õâ◊OÖ’<≥·<å x~å‡}"≥∞ÿ
Ü«Ú#fl J`«ºO`« Q˘Ñ¨Ê HõàÏ`«‡Hõ Hõ@ì_®Å QÆ∞iOz Ñïjeã¨∞Î#flÑ¨C_»∞, P x~å‡}ÏÅ‰õΩ
P^Õâ◊O WzÛ# „Ñ¨Éèí∞=ÙÅ#∞ HÍ^Œ∞ =∞#O QÆ∞~°∞Î‰õΩ `≥K«∞ÛHÀ"åeûOk, P x~å‡}ÏÅ‰õΩ
~°∂Ñ¨Ù HõeÊOz# „Ñ¨[Å „â◊=∞#∞, P „Ñ¨[Å∞ Ñ¨_#ç áê@¡#∞, D x~å‡}ÏÅ ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’
=∞$`«∞º"å`« Ñ¨_#ç „âßq∞‰õΩÅ `åºQÍÅ#∞ =∞#O QÆ∞~°∞‰Î Ωõ `≥K∞« ÛHÀ"åe— Jx ¿Ñ~˘¯O@∂
~åà‹§uÎ# ‰õÄbÅ‰õΩ PÜ«∞# `«# =∞#ã¨∞ûÖ’ ÃÑ^Œì Ñ‘@ "Õâß~°∞.
( ‘....To my mind every great work of art and architecture be in
countries to the west or to the east of India, is a monument not so
much to the memory of those who ordered them to be built but to the
agony and toil, blood and tears of those unfortunates who were driven
out to death in the efforts to built it...’ - AURUNGZEB AND TIPU SULTAN,
Evolution of their Religious Polices, by Dr.B.N.Pande, Page. 21)
D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ ‰õÄe"åx K≥=∞@ J`«x â◊s~°O #∞O_ç ZO_çáÈHõ =ÚO^Õ J`«x
‰õÄex K≥e¡KåeûOk QÍ P^ÕtOz# =∞Ç¨Ï=∞‡^£ „Ñ¨=HõÎ „Ñ¨=K«#O „Ñ¨HÍ~°OQÍ ^Œ~åº
^ÒÅ`ü x~å‡}OÖ’ áêÖÁæ#fl „â◊=∞r=ÙÅ‰õΩ PÜ«∞# „ÑüÑ¶¨ÅO K≥e¡OÑ¨KÕâß~°∞.
„Ñ¨*Ï ãÖˆHΔ=∞O Ñ¨@¡ „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ „â◊^Œú

„Ñ¨[Å ãÖˆHΔ=∞O, Éèí„^èŒ`« Ñ¨@¡ PÜ«∞# KåÖÏ „â◊^Œú =Ç≤ÏOKå~°∞. „Ñ¨[Å‰õΩ
#+ì̈O HõeyOKÕ â◊‰õΩÎÅ Ñ¨@¡ KåÖÏ Hõiî#OQÍ =º=Ç¨ÏiOKå~°∞. ã¨Ç¨Ï[OQÍ „Ñ¨Éèí∞=ÙÅ‰õΩ
„Ñ¨Éèí∞=ÙÅ∞ â◊„`«∞=ÙÅ=Ù`å~°∞. \˜Ñ¨Ó D q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’ aè#fl`«fiO „Ñ¨^Œi≈OKå~°∞. PÜ«∞#
`«# =ºH˜ÎQÆ`« â◊„`«∞=ÙÅ HõO>Ë `«# „Ñ¨[Å‰õΩ W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ HõÅQÆKÕã¨∂Î â◊„`«∞=ÙÅ∞QÍ
24
14
„Ñ¨=iÎOz# "åi Ñ¨@¡ x~åúH˜Δ}ºOQÍ =º=Ç¨ÏiOKå~°∞. ãïÇ¨Ï^Œ∞Ì „áêO`åÅÖ’ QÆÅ
`«# „Ñ¨[Å#∞ W|ƒO^Œ∞Å áêÖË˚ã≤# â◊‰õΩÎÅ#∞ `«# â◊`«$=ÙÅ∞QÍ „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕKå~°∞, D
"Õ∞~°‰õΩ K«~°ºÅ∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. „Ñ¨[Å‰õΩ Z=~°∞ â◊„`«∞=ÙÖ’ "å~°∞ `«#‰õÄ â◊„`«∞=ÙÅx
J<åfl~°∞. D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ \˜Ñ¨Ó „Ñ¨Hõ\ Õz# JkèHÍiHõ „Ñ¨=~°Î# xÜ«∂=∂=o PÜ«∞#
L#fl`« L^ÕÌâßÅ#∞ q=iã¨∞ÎOk. <å „Ñ¨[Å`À Z=~°∞ HõÅÇ≤Ï™êÎ~À, "å~°∞ <å`À Ü«Ú^ŒúÌO
„Ñ¨Hõ\ Õz#@∞ì, Jx \˜ÑÓ¨ `«# â◊„`«∞=ÙÅ#∞, ãÖÑ¶∞¨ =ºuˆ~Hõ â◊‰Ωõ ÅÎ #∞ KåÖÏ f„=OQÍ
ÃÇÏK«ÛiOKå~°∞.
(“ To quarrel with our subjects is to go to war with ourselves.
They are our shield and our buckler; and it is they who furnish us with all
things. Reserve the hostile strength of our empire exclusively for its
foreign enemies. - AURUNGZEB AND TIPU SULTAN, Evolution of their
Religious Polices, BN Pandey, Page. 22)
ã¨=∂[OÖ’x |ÅÇ‘Ï# =~åæÅ Ñ¨@¡ JÜ«∞# „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ „â◊^ŒÌ#∞ Hõ#Ñ¨~åÛ~°∞.
Ñ≤Å¡Å∞, =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞, =$^Œ∞úÅ ãÖˆHΔ=∞O HÀãÖ x~°∞Ì+¨ì K«~°ºÅ∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.J<å^èŒÅ∞,
P_»Ñ≤Å¡Å#∞ PÅÜ«∂ÅÖ’ ^Õ=^•ã‘Å∞QÍ ã‘fiHõiOK«@O, q^ÕâßÅ‰õΩ ¿ã=‰õΩÅ∞QÍ
q„Hõ~ÚOK«@O `«QÆ^Œ<åfl~°∞. P<å^èŒÖˇ·# ÉÏeHõÅ „HõÜ«∞q„HõÜ«∂Å∞ tHΔÍ~°"≥∞ÿ# f„=
<Õ~åÅ∞QÍ „Ñ¨H\õ O˜ Kå~°∞. J<å^èÅŒ ∞ ã¨fiÜ«∞O áÈ+¨‰Ωõ ÅÜÕ∞ºO^Œ∞‰õΩ `«y# tHõ}Δ , P~°∞"å`«
Láêkè J=HÍâßÅ∞ HõeÊOKå~°∞. tHõΔ} Ñ¨Ó~°ÎÜÕ∞ºO`« =~°‰õΩ =∂„`«O „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO áÈ+¨}
ÉÏ^èŒº`«#∞ ã‘fiHõiã¨∞ÎO^Œx, D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ \˜Ñ¨Ó K«~°ºÅ∞ KÕÑ¨\Ïì~°∞.
qHõÖÏOQÆ∞Å‰õΩ, JO^èŒ∞Å‰õΩ P`«‡ã¨÷~Ú~°ºO HõÅ∞QÆ KÕ¿ãO^Œ∞‰õΩ Ñ¨Å∞~°HÍÅ
ã¨Ç¨ÏÜ«∞Hõ K«~°ºÅ∞ J=∞Å∞KÕâß~°∞. D JÉèÏQÆ∞ºÅ∞ `«=∞ ã¨fiO`« HÍà◊§q∂^Œ `å=Ú
xÅ|_ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ J=ã¨~=° ∞QÆ∞ Jxfl K«~º° Å#∞ fã¨∞HÀ"åÅx PÜ«∞# JkèHÍ~°∞Å‰õΩ P[˝Å∞
*Ïs KÕÜ∞« @O =∂„`«"∞Õ HÍ‰õΩO_®, PÜ«∂ |ÅÇ‘Ï# =~åæÅ‰õΩ K≥Ok# Ñ¨^HŒä ÍÅ J=∞Å∞#∞
‰õÄ_® PÜ«∞# ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ Ñ¨~°º"ÕH˜ΔOKå~°∞.
Ü«Ú^Œú ~°OQÆOÖ’ K«xáÈ~Ú# Ããx· ‰õΩÅ ‰õΩ@∞OÉÏÅ Ñ¨@¡ PÜ«∞#õ „â◊^úŒ K«∂áê~°∞.
Éèí~°ÎÅ#∞ HÀÖ’Ê~Ú# ÉèÏ~°ºÅ∞, "åi Ñ≤Å¡Å áÈ+¨} Ñ¨@¡ „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ ÉÏ^èŒº`« =Ç≤ÏOKå~°∞.
Ü«Ú^ŒOú =Å# =ºHÎ̃Q`Æ « rq`åÅ‰õΩ [iy# #ëêìÅ Éèsí HÎ ˜ PÜ«∞# K«~º° Å∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
Ü«Ú^ŒúO HÍ~°}OQÍ J<åºÜ«∞OQÍ Z=fiiH© Z@∞=O\˜ #+¨ìO HõÅ∞QÆ~å^Œx PÜ«∞#
P^ÕâßÅ∞ *Ïs KÕâß~°∞.
~å[º¿ã=Ö’ Ñ¨Óº<£ ™ê÷~Ú z#fl L^ÀºQÆ∞Å∞ =∞~°}¿˜ ã,Î P L^Àºy "å~°ã∞¨ xH˜
25
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
P L^ÀºQÆO W"åfiÅx P^ÕâßÅ∞ *Ïs KÕâß~°∞. P L^ÀºyH˜ "å~°ã¨∞Å∞ ÖË#@ì~Ú`Õ P
‰õΩ@∞OÉÏxH˜ `«y# á⁄ÅO W"åfiÅx, P ‰õΩ@∞O|OÖ’ P á⁄ÅO KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ "å~°∞
ÖË#@ì~Ú`Õ, ã¨^Œ~°∞ á⁄ÖÏxfl H“Å∞‰õΩ KÕ~ÚOK«∞‰õΩx J=ã¨~åÅ∞ QÆ_»∞Ñ¨Ù‰õΩ<Õ q^èŒOQÍ
U~åÊ@∞ KÕÜ«∞=∞x PÜ«∞# `«# JkèHÍ~°∞Å‰õΩ ã¨Ê+¨ìOQÍ P^ÕâßeKåÛ~°∞.
=∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞, =$^Œ∞úÅ∞, Ñ≤Å¡Å∞ â◊`«$=~åæxH˜ K≥Ok# "åÔ~·#Ñ¨Ê\˜H˜ \˜Ñ¨Ó "åiH˜
Z@∞=O\˜ #+¨ìO HõeyOK«ÖË^Œ∞. Ñ¨~ål`« ~å*ÏºÅ „Ñ¨[Å#∞ ^ÀK«∞HÀ=@O Ç‘Ï#"≥∞ÿ#
K«~°ºQÍ PÜ«∞# ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞. D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ Ãã·xHÍkèHÍ~°∞Å‰õΩ KåÖÏ ã¨Ê+¨ì"≥∞ÿ# P^ÕâßÅ∞
*Ïs KÕâß~°∞. 1783, 1785, 1787 Ö’ \˜Ñ¨Ó *Ïs KÕã≤# P[˝ÅÖ’, Ñ¨~ål`«
„áêO`åxfl ^ÀK«∞HÀ=_»O ^•fi~å q*Ë`« ãÖÑ¨#flO HÍ=K«∞Û#∞ HÍx P PK«~°º ãÖÑ¨Ó~°‚
Ãã<· åºxfl JQ“~°"åxH˜ QÆ∞iKÕã∞¨ OÎ k. Ü«Ú^ŒOú Ü«Ú^ŒÉú ∂íè q∞H˜ =∂„`«"∞Õ Ñïq∞`«O HÍ"åe.
Ü«Ú^•úxfl PÜ«∂Ü«∞Hõ ™ê=∂#º áœ~°∞Å q∂^Œ‰õΩ fã¨∞ÔHà◊§=^Œ∞Ì. Ñ¨~ål`« „áêO`åÅ
=∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å#∞ P^ŒiOK«O_ç. PÜ«∂ =∞`åÅ#∞ Q“~°qOK«O_ç. =$^Œ∞úÅ‰õΩ, Ñ≤Å¡Å‰õΩ ~°HõΔ}
HõeÊOK«O_ç, Jx ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞.
(‘ Looting a conquered enemy enriches a few. But impover-
ishes that nation and dishonours the entire army. Wars must be con-
fined to battlefields. Do not carry them to innocent civilians. Honour
their women, respect their religion, and protect their children and infirm
..’ - Aurangzeb and Tipu Sultan : B N Pandey, Page . 22)
Ñ¨Ósfi‰õΩÅ ™êO„Ñ¨^•Ü«∞Å#∞ Q“~°qã¨∂<Î Õ J<ÕHõ „Ñ¨*’Ñ¨Ü∂≥ QÆH~õ ° ãÖã¨¯~°}Å‰õΩ
\˜Ñ¨Ó JO‰õΩ~å~°Ê} KÕâß~°∞. ãÖã¨¯~°}Å J=∞Å∞ q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’ =ºH˜ÎQÆ`« Hõ+¨ì #ëêìÅ#∞
„Ñ¨[Å =ºuˆ~Hõ`#« ∞ ‰õÄ_® PÜ«∞# MÏ`«~∞° KÕÜ∞« ÖË^∞Œ . Y∞~å<£ „QÆO^äOŒ Ö’x „Ñ¨=K«<åÅ
„Ñ¨HÍ~°OQÍ =ºaèKå~°O, ÉÏxã¨`«fiO, |Ç¨ï Éèí~°Î $`«fiO, =∞^èŒºáê<åxfl x¿+kèOKå~°∞.
=∞ÅÉÏ~°∞ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ #_»∞O ÃÑ·ÉèÏQÍ# Z@∞=O\˜ PKèåÛ^Œ# ÖË‰õΩO_® J~°ú#QÆflOQÍ
u~°QÆ@O QÆ=∞xOz =∞Ç≤Ïà◊ÅO`å ~°qHõÅ∞ ^èŒiOKåÅx P[˝Å∞ *Ïs KÕâß~°∞. D
P^ÕâßÅ#∞ käèHõ¯iOz# "åi Ñ¨@¡ Hõiî#OQÍ =º=Ç¨ÏiOKå~°∞. HÍo=∂`« ¿Ñ~°∞`À
™êQÆ∞`«∞#fl #~°|ex x¿+kèOKå~°∞. Ñ¶H¨ ~© ∞° ¡ – ã¨<åºã¨∞Å∞ =∂^ŒHõ „^Œ"åºÅ#∞ fã¨∞HÀ=@O
f„="≥∞ÿ# <Õ~°OQÍ ÑïQÆ}ÕKå~°∞. á⁄QÍ‰õΩ ¿ã=#O P<å~ÀQÆºHõ~°=∞x x¿+kèOKå~°∞.
„Ñü =ºH˜Î á⁄^Œ∞Ñ¨Ù#∞ JÅ=~°∞ÛHÀ"åÅx. J#=ã¨~° ^Œ∞ÉÏ~å#∞ `«yæOKåÅx, =ºH˜Î `«#
ãÖáê^Œ#Ö’ XHõ âß`«O HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯= "≥Ú`åÎxfl qÖÏ™êÅ‰õΩ Y~°∞Û KÕÜ«∞~å^Œx
YzÛ`«"≥∞ÿ# P[˝Å∞ *ÏsKÕ™ê~°∞.
26
15
JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ =º=Ç¨~°^Œ‰õΔΩ_»∞
\˜Ñ¨Ó 17 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ áê@∞ ™êyOz# ÑïáêÅ#Ö’ J`«ºkèHõ ã¨=∞Ü«∞O
`«# ~å*Ïºxfl Hõ|oOKåÅ#∞‰õΩO@∞#fl „a\©+¨~°¡#∞, x*ÏO #"å|∞, =∞~å~îåÅ#∞
Z^Œ∞~˘¯O@∂ QÆ_çÑ≤#Ñ¨Ê\˜H©, ã¨fi^Õj =º=Ç¨~åÅ#∞ K«Hõ¯k^Œ∞Ì‰õΩO@∂<Õ, JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞
=º=Ç¨~åÅ#∞ ‰õÄ_® ^ŒHõΔ`«`À x~°fiÇ≤ÏOz K«i„`«HÍ~°∞Å „Ñ¨â◊Oã¨Å#∞ JO^Œ∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
=∂`«$Éèí∂q∞ #∞O_ç Dãπì WO_çÜ«∂ HõOÃÑh áêÅ‰õΩÅ#∞ `«iq∞ H˘>ËìO^Œ∞‰õΩ á⁄~°∞QÆ∞#
L#fl x*ÏO #"å|∞, =∞~å~îå <åÜ«∞‰õΩÅ∞ UHõ"≥∞ÿ SHõº ãÖÑ¶¨∞@#QÍ U~°Ê_ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ
`«#`À HõÅã≤ ~å"åeûOkQÍ HÀ~å~°∞. |Å"≥∞ÿ# â◊H˜ÎQÍ Z^Œ∞QÆ∞`«∞#fl "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å[º
„áêÉèí= "≥·Éèí"åxfl ã¨Ç≤ÏOK«ÖËx ã¨fi^ÕjáêÅ‰õΩÅ∞, PÜ«∞#‰õΩ `À_®Ê@∞ W=fiHõáÈ=@O`À
q^ÕjÜ«ÚÅ "≥·Ñ¨Ù ^Œ$+≤ì™êiOKå~°∞.
â◊„`«∞=Ù â◊„`«∞=Ù, q∞„`«∞_»∞, J<Õ ~å[H©Ü«∞ ã¨∂„fHõ~°}#∞ J#∞ãïã¨∂Î,
`˘Å∞`« „ÃÑ¶OKü"åix, P `«~°∞"å`« @s¯, JÑ¶¨…x™êÎ<£ W~å<£, ^Õâßkè<Õ`«Å ¿ãflÇ¨ÏÇ¨Ïã¨ÎO
HÀ~å~°∞. \˜Ñ¨Ó =º=Ç¨~° ^ŒHõΔ`« =Å# D ^Õâßkè <Õ`«Å #∞O_ç J#∞‰õÄÅ ã¨ÊO^Œ#
ÅaèOzOk. P<å_»∞ JO`«~å˚fÜ«∞ ~°OQÍ# „a\©+¨~°¡ „Ñ¨Éèí ÉÏQÍ "≥eyáÈ`«∞#flO^Œ∞#,
H©ÅHõ"≥∞ÿ# z=i ^Œâ◊Ö’ \˜Ñ¨Ó‰õΩ ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞O ÅaèOK«ÖË^Œ∞. „ÃÑ¶Oz "å~°∞ KåÖÏHÍÅO
\˜Ñ¨Ó`À ¿ãflÇ¨ÏO <≥~°Ñ≤#Ñ¨Ê\˜H©, Z_»∞ ãÖ=`«û~åÅ `«~°∞"å`« „á¶ê<£û– WOQÍ¡O_£
=∞^èŒº# ‰õΩki# âßOu XÑ¨ÊO^•xfl ™ê‰õΩQÍ fã¨∞‰õΩx „ÃÑ¶Oz Ãã·<åºkè`«∞Å∞ P`«ºO`«
H©ÅHõ ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ \˜Ñ¨Ó‰õΩ ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞O KÕÜ«∞ x~åHõiOKå~°∞.
„a\©+¨~°¡#∞ `«iq∞ H˘\ÏìÅ#fl UÔH·Hõ ÅHõΔ ºO`À \˜Ñ¨Ó x~°O`«~°~ ™êyOz#
„Ñ¨Ü∞« `åflÅ Ñ¶e¨ `«OQÍ PÜ«∞# ã¨Ç¨ Ü«∂xH˜ `«~e° =ã¨∞#Î fl@∞ìQÍ XHõ ^ŒâÖ◊ ’ <≥áÈeÜ«∞<£
`≥eáê~°∞. D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ \˜Ñ¨Ó‰õΩ <≥áÈeÜ«∞<£ ÖËY‰õÄ_® ~å™ê_»∞.
( "....You have been already informed of my arrival on borders
of the sea, with an invincible army, full of the desire of delivering you
from the iron yoke of England.." - TIPU SULTAN : HIS VISION AND MIS-
SION, By Prof. B. Sheik Ali, Page. 14) Px \˜Ñ¨Ó‰õΩ ~åã≤# ÖËYÖ’ <≥áÈeÜ«∞<£
¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl_»∞.
=∂`«$Éèí∂q∞x Hõ|oOKåÅ#∞‰õΩO@∞#fl „a\©+¨~°¡‰õΩ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ áÈ~å@O
KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ W`«~° ^ÕâßÅ ¿ãflÇ¨ÏÇ¨Ïã¨ÎO HÍOH˜ΔOz#@∞ìQÍ<Õ, ^ÕjÜ«∞ =~°ÎHõ, "å}˜*ÏºÅ∞,
ZQÆ∞=∞`«∞Å∞, kQÆ∞=∞`«∞Å∞, ã¨fi^Õj Ñï„â◊=∞Å∞, P^èŒ∞xHõ PÜ«Ú^è•Å `«Ü«∂iH˜
27
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
J=ã¨~=° ∞QÆ∞ ™êOˆHuHõ Ñï*Ï˝<åxfl |Ü«∞@ #∞O_ç ãÖáêkOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ, q∞„`« ~å*ÏºÅ`À
"å}˜[º ãÖ|O^è•Å#∞ Ñ¨\+˜ ì¨ Ñ¨~ˆ ÛO^Œ∞‰õΩ, \˜ÑÓ¨ ZO`À |∞kú ‰õΩâ◊Å`«`À =º=Ç¨ÏiOz
q[Ü«∞O ™êkèOKå~°∞. HõKü, =∞ã¨¯\ò, ÃÑ~°∂, X~å‡*ò, l^•Ì, |ã¨~å, Z_≥<£ ~å*ÏºÅÖ’
=~°ÎHõ–"å}˜[º ˆHO„^•Å#∞ U~åÊ@∞ KÕÜ«∞@"Õ∞HÍHõ, K≥·<å, „áê<£û, @s¯, W~å<£ ÖÏO\˜
^ÕâßÅ`À =∞Oz ãÖ|O^è•Å∞ <≥ÅH˘ÖÏÊ~°∞.
' ã¨fi^Õj — L^Œº=∞HÍ~°∞_»∞

\˜Ñ¨Ó â◊`å|ÌO „H˜`«"Õ∞ ã¨fi^Õj L^Œº=∂xH˜ NHÍ~°O K«∞\Ïì~°∞. D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ
*ÏfÜ≥∂^Œº=∞OÖ’ ÉèÏQÆOQÍ =∞# ^Õâ◊OÖ’ „áê~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿ# ã¨fi^Õj L^Œº=∞O HõO>ˇ
=ÚO^Œ∞QÍ \˜Ñ¨Ó P PÖ’K«##∞ `«# QÆ_»¤ q∂^Œ‰õΩ fã¨∞Hõ=KåÛ~°x K≥Ñ¨Ê=K«∞Û.PÜ«∞#
q^Õj =~°ÎHÍxfl U"Õ∞~°‰õΩ „áÈ`«ûÇ≤ÏOz<å „a\©+¨~°¡ =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅ "å_»HÍxfl =∂„`«O
JOwHõiOK«ÖË^Œ∞. =Åã¨ áêÅ‰õΩÅ =ã¨∞ÎÅxfl\˜h \˜Ñ¨Ó `«# ~å[ºOÖ’ x¿+kèOKå~°∞.
„Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO Ñ¨~°OQÍ WOQÍ¡O_»∞ #∞O_ç Z@∞=O\˜ =ã¨∞Î=Ù#∞ ~åx=fiÖË^Œ∞. WOQÍ¡O_»∞
=~°Î‰õΩÅ #∞O_ç Z@∞=O\˜ =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅ#∞ H˘#~å^ŒO@∂, „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fi "åºáê~° „Ñüx^èŒ∞Å‰õΩ
„Ñ¨`ÕºHõ P^ÕâßÅ#∞ *ÏsKÕâß~°∞.
P HÍ~°}OQÍ WOQÍ¡O_»∞ kQÆ∞=∞`«∞Å#∞ HÍ^Œ<åfl~°∞. \˜Ñ¨Ó `«# =ºH˜ÎQÆ`«
=ã¨∞Î=ÙÅÖ’ WOQÍ¡O_»∞ =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅ#∞ x¿+kèOKå~°∞. D q+¨Ü«∞"≥∞ÿ PÜ«∞# `«# "åiH˜
x~°∞+ú÷ "ì¨ ∞≥ #ÿ P^ÕâßeKåÛ~°∞. PÜ«∞# ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ ^Œ∞ã¨∞ÅÎ #∞ =∂„`«"∞Õ ^èiŒ OKå~°∞. =∞„^•ã¨∞
#∞O_ç HõOÃÑh "åºáê~°∞Å∞ q„Hõ~Úã¨∞Î#fl LÑ¨C#∞ H˘#∞QÀÅ∞ KÕÜ«∞=^ŒÌx „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ
P[˝Å∞ *ÏsKÕâß~°∞. WOQÍ¡O_»∞ =~°Î‰õΩÅ q∂^Œ PÜ«∞# POHõΔÅ∞ qkèOKå~°∞. ™ê=∂#º
„Ñ¨[Å =Öˇ "å~°∞ =º=Ç¨ÏiOK« gÅ∞ ÖË‰õΩO_® KÕâß~°∞. Ñïq∞`«∞Å∞ qkèOKå~°∞.
J=ã¨~°"≥∞ÿ`Õ "åi Pã≤÷áêã¨∞ÎÅ#∞ [Ñ¨ÙÎ KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ ‰õÄ_® PÜ«∞# ã≤^ŒúÑ¨_®¤~°∞.
Dãπì WO_çÜ«∂ HõOÃÑh "åºáê~°O ^•fi~å =∞# ^Õâ◊OÖ’ „Ñ¨"ÕtOz, ã¨fi^Õj
~å*ÏºÅ#∞ kQÆq∞OQÆ∞`«∂ „Hõ=∞OQÍ qã¨Îiã¨∞Î#fl "≥·#O =Å# ~å#∞#fl „Ñ¨=∂^•xfl Ñ¨ã≤
QÆ\ ˜ì# \˜Ñ¨Ó D "åºáê~°∞Å q∂^Œ „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ POHõΔÅ#∞ qkèOKå~°∞. „a\©+π =~°Î‰õΩÅ
ã¨~°∞‰õΩÅ#∞ H˘#∞QÀÅ∞ KÕÜ«∞‰õΩO>Ë, QÆ`«ºO`«~°OÖËx Ñïã≤÷`«∞ÅÖ’ HõOÃÑh áêÅ‰õΩÅ∞
D ^Õâ◊O =^Œe "≥_»`å~°O@∂ PÜ«∞# ÉèÏqOKå~°∞.
D q+¨Ü«∂xfl =ÚÑ¶≤Î +Ö+¨μnÌ<£ JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£ ˆ~_çÜ«∞<£û "å~°Ñ¨„uHõÖ’ ( 1–7
PQÆã¨∞ì,1999) ~åã≤# POQÆ¡ "åºãÖÖ’ D „HÕk q^èŒOQÍ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞.
28
16
‘ He was the first Indian leader (Years before Gandhiji) who believed in
non-cooperation with foreigners. He wrote to his officers in Calcutta not to pur-
chase goods from English traders, thus they would automatically be compelled
to leave the country.’
™êÇ≤Ï`åºaèÖÏ+≤
`«O„_ç ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~ü Pb „â◊^Œú=Å# \˜Ñ¨Ó q^•ºkè‰õΩ_»∞ HÍ=@"Õ∞ HÍ‰õΩO_®,
™êÇ≤Ï`åºaèÖÏ+≤QÍ ‰õÄ_® ¿Ñ~åæOKå~°∞. ÑÖ_ç`«∞Å#∞ Q“~°qOK«@O, ™êÇ≤Ï`«º ã¨ÉèíÅ#∞
x~°fiÇ≤ÏOK«@O, „QÆO^ä•Å#∞ ~å~ÚOK«@O Ñ¨@¡ \˜Ñ¨Ó ZO`À Pã¨H˜Î K«∂áê~°∞.Hõq,
ÑÖ_ç`«∞Å‰õΩ Pi÷Hõ "≥ã¨∞ÉÏ@∞ HõeÊOKå~°∞. „Ñ¨`ÕºHÍOâßÅÖ’ ¿Ñ~˘Ok# ÑÖ_ç`«
„Ñ¨=ÚY∞Å#∞ PÇ¨ÏfixOz 45 LÑ¨Ü«ÚHõÎ „QÆO^ä•Å#∞ ~å~ÚOKå~°∞. \˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ
~°K«~Ú`«. PÜ«∞# ‰õÄ_® L~°∂Ì ÉèÏ+¨Ö’ „QÆO^ä•Å∞ ~åâß~°∞.
1793Ö’ ' Fauji Akhbar ' J#∞ L~°∂Ì "å~°Ñ„¨ uHõ#∞ PÜ«∞# „áê~°OaèOKå~°∞.
D Ñ¨„uHõ „Ñ¨K«∞~°} xq∞`«ÎO PÜ«∞# J~°aH± >ˇÿÑ¨Ù`À „Ñ≤O\ÕQ∑ „ÃÑãπ#∞ ‰õÄ_®
U~åÊ@∞ KÕ~ÚOKå~°∞. P<å_»∞ á¶ê~°j ^Œ~åƒ~°∞ ÉèÏ+¨ PÜ«∞#Ñ¨Ê\˜H˜ ™ê=∂#º „Ñ¨[Å
ÉèÏ+¨QÍ „áêK«∞~°ºO á⁄Ok# L~°∂Ì ÉèÏ+¨Ö’ PÜ«∞# Ñ¨„uHõ#∞ fã¨∞Hõ~å=@O qâı+Ö.
á¶œr JHÍƒ~ü#∞ PÜ«∞# rq`« K«~=° ∂OHõO =~°‰Ωõ #_çáê~°∞. D Ñ¨„uHõ \˜ÑÓ¨ Ãã<· åºxH˜
\˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨fi^Œã¨∂Îi
29
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
ãÖ|OkèOz# ã¨=∂Kå~°O =∂„`«"Õ∞ JOkOKÕk HÍ=@O`À ™ê=∂#º „Ñ¨[Å =~°‰õΩ
Jk KÕ~°ÖË^Œ∞.
\˜Ñ¨Ó‰õΩ J~°aƒ, Ñï¬Ü«∞<£, Hõ#fl_», L~°∂Ì, WOw¡+¨μ, „ÃÑ¶Oz ÉèÏ+¨Å∞ ÉÏQÍ
`≥Å∞ã¨∞. PÜ«∞#‰õΩ Ç¨Ïã¨Î™ê=Ú„kHõO, *’ºuâß≈„ã¨ÎOÖ’ =∞Oz „Ñ¨"Õâ◊O LOk.
x~°O`«~O° Ü«Ú^•úÅÖ’ =Úxy`ÕÅ∞`«∞#fl ã¨∞t‰õΩΔ `«∞_≥#· áÈ~å@Ü≥∂^è∞Œ _»∞ J~Ú#Ñ¨Ê\˜H˜
PÜ«∞# ãÖw`«OÖ’ ‰õÄ_® =∞Oz „ÑüÉèí K«∂áê~°∞. PÜ«∞# ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ Ñ¨Å∞ áê@Å∞
~åã≤ "å\˜H˜ ÉÏ}©˜Å∞ ‰õÄ_® Hõ\Ïì~°x, J@∞=O\˜ F áê@#∞ Ü«Ú^Œú ã¨=∞Ü«∂ÅÖ’
Ãã·x‰õΩÅ#∞ L`ÕÎl`«∞Å#∞ KÕ¿ãO^Œ∞‰õΩ P áê@#∞ =∂iÛOQ∑ ™êOQ∑ QÍ "å_Õ"å~°x,
„Ñ¨=ÚY ~°K~« Ú`« "≥ÚÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£ ëœHõ`ü q∂~å˚ `«# „QÆO^äOŒ ' |¿ã~å — Ö’ L@OHÕKå~°∞.
PÜ«∞# ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ Pe"£∞, á¶êlÖò =∂„`«"∞Õ HÍ‰õΩO_® Y∞~å<£ „QÆO^ä•xfl KåÖÏ ‰õΩΔ }‚OQÍ
J^èºŒ Ü«∞#O KÕâß~°∞. x`«º rq`«OÖ’x ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ‰õΩ Y∞~å<£ „QÆO^äOŒ #∞O_ç „Ñ¨=K«<åÅ#∞
Ju ã¨∞<åÜ«∞ãÖQÍ LÖË¡dã¨∂Î, Ñïëê¯~° =∂~åæÅ∞ ã¨∂zOKÕ "å~°∞.
\˜Ñ¨Ó‰õΩ JHõΔ~°O JO>Ë =∞Ç¨„Ñ‘u.PÜ«∞# q"åÇ¨Ï ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ q"åÇ¨Ï
HÍ#∞HõQÍ Uk HÍ"åÖ’ HÀ~°∞HÀ=∞x `«O„_ç ÃÇÏ· ^Œ~ü Jb J#QÍ, `«#H˘Hõ „QÆO^ä•ÅÜ«∞O
Hõ\=ì˜ fi=∞x `«O„_çx HÀ~å~°∞. P HÀiHõ`À =∞Ç¨#O^ŒÑ_¨ #ç ÃÇÏ· ^Œ~ü Jb „QÆO^ä•ÅÜ«∂xfl
xi‡Oz W=fi@"Õ∞ HÍ‰õΩO_®, ^Õâ◊ q^ÕâßÅ #∞O_ç Ñ¨Å∞ ÉèÏ+¨ÅÖ’ QÆÅ J<ÕHõ „QÆO^ä•Å#∞
`≥Ñ≤ÊOz \˜Ñ¨Ó‰õΩ HÍ#∞HõQÍ WKåÛ~°∞. \˜Ñ¨Ó „QÆO^ä•ÅÜ«∞O qÅ∞"≥·# 2 "ÕÅ Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHÍÅ`À
xO_ç LO_Õk. PÜ«∞# „QÆO^ä•ÅÜ«∞OÖ’ "≥ÚQÆÖò K«„Hõ=iÎ B~°OQÆ*Ë|∞ ã¨fi^Œã¨∂Îi`À
~åã≤# Y∞~å<£ ‰õÄ_® LOk. D „QÆO^ä•Å#∞ F Ñ¨^ŒÌu „Ñ¨HÍ~°O *Ï„QÆ`«Î Ñ¨ˆ~Û"å~°∞.
\˜Ñ¨Ó F „QÆO^äŒO fã¨∞‰õΩx ^•xx K«^Œ=_»O Ñ¨ÓiÎ KÕâßHõ, P „QÆO^äŒO q∂^Œ „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ
=Ú„^Œ#∞ "ÕÜ∞« @O JkèHÍ~°∞Å i"åA. 1799Ö’ N~°OQÆ Ñ¨\Ïflxfl ^ÀK«∞‰õΩ#fl „a\©+~¨ ¡°
‰õÄ@q∞ ™êyOz# q^èºŒ O™êxH˜ D „QÆO^ä•ÅÜ«∞O ‰õÄ_® QÆ∞i HÍ=@O`À JO^Œ∞Ö’x
JÑ¨Ó~°fi „QÆO^ä•Å∞ Hõ#∞=∞~°∞ÔQ·áÈÜ«∂~Ú.
\˜Ñ¨Ó x~°O`«~°O ~å[H©Ü«∂Å∞, áÈ~å\ÏÅ∞, Ü«Ú^•úÅÖ’ =Úxy `ÕÅ∞`«∂
‰õÄ_® „Ñü~ÀE U^À XHõ Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHÍxfl H˘O`«¿ãÑ¨<åfl K«^Œ=x^Õ q„â◊q∞OKÕ"å~°∞
HÍ~°∞. D ~°HõOQÍ PÜ«∞# ^Õâ◊ q^ÕâßÅ #∞O_ç „QÆO^ä•Å#∞ `≥Ñ≤ÊOK«∞‰õΩx J^èŒºÜ«∞#O
KÕã≤#O^Œ∞# J^èŒ∞xHõ ÉèÏ=#Å#∞,™êOˆHuHõ q*Ï˝<åxfl ÉÏQÍ ãÖ`«iOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. D
Ñï*Ï˝<åxfl "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å[º Ñ¨\ ˜+¨ì`«‰õΩ, "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å[º „Ñ¨[Å ãÖˆHΔ=∂xH˜ \˜Ñ¨Ó
qxÜ≥∂yOKå~°∞.
30
17
qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞O U~åÊ@∞ ãÖHõÅÊO

„Ñ¨[Å#∞ q^•º=O`«∞efl KÕÜ«∞\ÏxH˜ \˜Ñ¨Ó „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ K«~°ºÅ∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
q^Œº#∞ x~°ƒO^èŒO KÕã≤, Lz`« q^Œº#∞ „Ñ¨"Õâ◊ ÃÑ\Ïì~°∞. Ñ¨Å∞ q^•ºÅÜ«∂Å#∞ U~åÊ@∞
KÕ~ÚOKå~°∞. ÉÏQÍ K«^Œ∞=Ù‰õΩ<Õ a_»¤Å‰õΩ „áÈ`åûÇ¨ÏHÍÅ#∞ „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕKå~°∞. K«^Œ∞=Ù
Ñ¨@¡ „Ñ¨`ºÕ Hõ ^Œ$+≤Qì ÅÆ PÜ«∞# q*Ï˝<å~°#˚ ‰õΩ „Ñ¨Ü∞« uflOKÕ „Ñü"åix KåÖÏ Q“~°qOKå~°∞.
"≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å[º ~å[^è•x N~°OQÆÑ¨@flOÖ’ qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞O U~åÊ@∞ KÕÜ«∂Åx \˜Ñ¨Ó
ãÖHõeÊOKå~°∞. P qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∂xH˜ JAMIAL UMUR Jx <å=∞Hõ~} ° O KÕÜ∂« Åx
Lqfià◊¥§~å~°∞. P qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞OÖ’ ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ q*Ï˝#O`À áê@∞QÍ, áêâßÛ`«º
q*Ï˝<åxfl É’kèOKåÅx, =∂#gÜ«∞, ™êOˆHuHõ q^•ºÉèÏº™êxH˜ J„QÆ™ê÷#O HõeÊOKåÅx
PtOKå~°∞. P "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ã¨∂~°∞º_»∞ PHõã≤‡HõOQÍ Jã¨Îq∞OK«@O`À qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞O
U~åÊ@∞ HõÅQÍ<Õ q∞ye áÈ~ÚOk.
P<å\˜ \˜Ñ¨Ó HõÅ#∞ x[O KÕã¨∂Î, PÜ«∞# PtOz# suÖ’ HÍHõáÈ~Ú<å
PÜ«∞# Q“~°"å~°÷O PÜ«∞# [#‡™ê÷#OÖ’ PÜ«∞# ¿Ñi@ qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞O U~åÊ@∞
KÕÜ«∂Åx Hõ~åfl@Hõ ~å„+¨ì „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO `«QÆ∞ K«~°ºÅ#∞ fã¨∞H˘O@∞Ok. D q+¨Ü«∂xfl
P ~å„+¨ì "≥∞ÿ<åi\© ãÖˆHΔ=∞ âßMÏ=∂`«∞ºÅ∞ J|∞ÌÖò [ÉÏƒ~ü MÏ<£ 2006 [#=iÖ’
„Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕKå~°∞. JbÑ¶¨∞~üÖ’ U~åÊ@∞ KÕã≤# qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞OÖÏ \˜Ñ¨Ó [x‡Oz#
^Õ=#Ç¨Ïo§ „áêO`«OÖ’ PÜ«∞# Q“~°"å~°÷O „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞O U~åÊ@∞‰õΩ
„Ñ¨Ü«∞`åflÅ∞ ™êQÆ∞`«∞<åflÜ«∞x, D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ ˆHO„^Œ„Ñ¨Éèí∞`åfixH˜ „Ñüáê^Œ#Å∞ ÑÖáê=∞x
=∞O„u `≥eáê~°∞. (The Milli Gazette, 16-31 Jan. 2006, page. 20)
=∞`åaè=∂x `«Ñ¨Ê =∞`« ^Œ∞~°aè=∂x HÍ^Œ∞

\˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ W™ê¡O ^èŒ~å‡#∞~°‰õΩÎ_»∞. =∞Oz =Úã≤¡O. J#∞x`«ºO ^≥·=<å=∞
ã¨‡~°}`À, J~Ú^Œ∞ Ñ¨Ó@¡ #=∂AÅ∞ J^• KÕã¨∂Î, PÜ«∞# ~ÀA"åi r=#O ™êyOk.
PÜ«∞# ã¨fi=∞`«O Ñ¨@¡ Jaè=∂#O QÆÅ „Ñ¨É∞íè =Ù `«ÑÊ¨ , =∞`«^∞Œ ~°a=è ∂xHÍ^Œ∞. =∞`«ÑH¨ áΔõ êu
JO`«HõO>Ë HÍ^Œ∞. PÜ«∞# „Ñ¨[Å∞ U =∞`«ã¨∞÷Öˇ·<å U q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’ ‰õÄ_® PÜ«∞#
q=HõΔ`« K«∂Ñ¨ÖË^Œ∞. Éèí∂q∞ tã¨∞Î, =$uÎ–"åºáê~åÅÃÑ· Ñ¨#∞flÅ∞, âßã¨<åÅ∞ ~å[º
„Ñ¨[ÅO^ŒiH˜ ã¨=∂#O.|O^è∞Œ „Ñ‘uH˜ ^Œ∂~°OQÍ ã¨=∞~°`÷ ‰« Ωõ , qâßfi™êxH˜ PÜ«∞# Ñ¨@Oì
Hõ\Ïì~°∞.
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N~°OQÆÑ¨@flOÖ’x \˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ xi‡Oz# =∞ã≤˚^£–Z–PÖÏ

XHõ™êi \˜Ñ¨Ó =^ŒÌ‰õΩ Z=~À =zÛ, „ÉÏÇ¨Ï‡}∞Å∞ #=∞‡^ŒQÆæ"å~°∞ HÍ~°x
P~ÀÑ≤OKå_»∞. D P~ÀÑ¨} qO@∂<Õ P„QÆÇ≤ÏOz# \˜Ñ¨Ó „Ñüã¨ÊOkã¨∂Î, `«# `«O„_ç
ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~ü Jb`Àáê@∞ `å#∞ ‰õÄ_® ZO`«QÍ<À Q“~°qOKÕ N Ñ¨Ó~°‚Ü«∞º („ÉÏÇ¨Ï‡}∞Å∞)
¿ã=Å#∞ PÜ«∞# L@OHÕKå~°∞. Z=i áêÑ¨ Ñ¨Ù}ÏºÅ∞ "åiq =∂„`«"Õ∞, Z=~°∞
<Õ~°O KÕ¿ãÎ "åiH˜ =∂„`«"Õ∞ tHõΔ JO@∂, Y∞~å<£ „QÆO^äŒOÖ’x „Ñ¨=K«<åÅ#∞
L@OHÕKå~°∞. D ~°Hõ"≥∞ÿ Ñ¶≤~åº^Œ∞Å#∞ Éèíq+¨º`«∞ÎÖ’ `«# =^ŒÌ‰õΩ fã¨∞H˘x ~å=^ŒÌx,
Ñ¶≤~åº^Œ∞Å`À =zÛ# ÃÑ^ŒÌ =∞#∞+¨μÅ#∞ PÜ«∞# f„=OQÍ ÃÇÏK«ÛiOKå~°∞.
\˜Ñ¨Ó ~å[ºOÖ’x Ñ¨Å∞ „Ñ¨=ÚY Ñ¨^Œ=ÙÅÖ’ =Úã≤¡OÅ∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ HÍ^Œ∞
J`«ºkèHõ Ñ¨^=Œ ÙÅÖ’ =Úã≤"¡ ∞Õ `«~∞° Å∞ L<åfl~°∞. N Ñ¨Ó~°Ü
‚ ∞« º („Ñ¨^•è # k"å<£), NHõ$ëê‚~å=Ù
(Pi÷Hõ âßY) N âß=∞Ü«∞º (xÑ¶∂¨ qÉèÏQÆO) N JáêÊr, Nx"åã¨~å=Ù, N =¸ÖòKO« ^£,
N ã¨∞[<£~å"£(^Ò`«º „Ñüx^è∞Œ Å∞), NÇ¨Ïiã≤OQ∑, N~å=∂~å=Ù, N NáêÖò ~å"£ (Ãã#· ºO)
`«k`«~°∞Å∞ =ÚY∞ºÅ∞. \˜Ñ¨Ó Ãã·#ºOÖ’x ÑÖ^˘q∞‡k =∞Ok ¿ã<åkèÑ¨`«∞ÅÖ’ Ñ¨k
=∞Ok, Ñ¨^Œ=¸_»∞ =∞Ok =∞O„`«∞ÅÖ’ U_»∞QÆ∞~°∞ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∞=ÙÅx N a.Ü«∞<£. áêO_Õ
`«# „QÆO^äŒOÖ’ "≥Å¡_çOKå~°∞.
32
18
W™ê¡O q„QÆÇ¨~å^èŒ#‰õΩ =ºuˆ~HõO J~Ú<å, PÜ«∞# =∂„`«O `«# ~å[ºOÖ’
q„QÆÇ¨ ~å^è#Œ #∞ ã¨ÇÏ≤ OK«@O =∂„`«"∞Õ HÍ‰õΩO_® =Úã≤"¡ ∞Õ `«~∞° Å PÅÜ«∂Å#∞, K«sÛÅ#∞,
PÜ«∂ ™êOÑ¶≤∞Hõ [#ã¨=Ú^•Ü«∂Å „Ñ¨[Å#∞ „áÈ`«ûÇ≤ÏOKå~°∞. "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å[ºOÖ’
QÆÅ Ñ¨Å∞ PÅÜ«∂Å‰õΩ PÜ«∞# „Ñü U\Ï „QÍO@∞Å#∞, „Ñ¨`ºÕ Hõ x^è∞Œ Å#∞ ã¨=∞iÊOKå~°∞.
Ñ¨Ó~°fiO "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~åAÅ∞ áê\Õz# xÜ«∞=∂Å#∞, X~°=_çx PÜ«∞#
H˘#™êyOKå~°∞. D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ PÅÜ«∂Å‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz 156 Ñ¶¨~å‡<åÅ∞ *ÏsKÕâß~°∞.
„Ñ¨=ÚY â◊$OˆQi =∞~î°O ™êfig∞r`À Ñ¨Å∞ ^è•i‡Hõ, ™ê=∂lHõ q+¨Ü«∂Å#∞ „Ñ¨™êÎqã¨∂Î,
Hõ#fl_»OÖ’ \˜ÑÓ¨ 30 ÖËYÅ∞ „"åâß~°∞. „Ñ¨ãk≤ Kú O≥ k# ÅH©;<å^è™Œ êfiq∞ PÅÜ«∞O (HõÖÏÅ),
<å~åÜ«∞}™êfiq∞ PÅÜ«∞O ("Õ∞Ö’¯\ò), N HõOˆ~îâ◊fi~° PÅÜ«∞O, #AO_Õâ◊fii PÅÜ«∞O
(#OEQÆ∂_£) `«k`«~° PÅÜ«∂Å‰õΩ J=ã¨~=° ∞QÆ∞ "≥O_ç, |OQÍ~°∞ áê„`«Å∞, PÉè~í }° ÏÅ∞,
„Ñü ~ÀE „áê`«óHÍÖÏ# \˜Ñ¨Ó ãÖ^Œi≈OKÕ N~°OQÆ<å^äŒ PÅÜ«∞O

33
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
Ys^≥#· ^Œ∞ã¨∞ÅÎ #∞ \˜ÑÓ¨ JO^ŒKâÕ ß~°∞. `«O„_ç ÃÇÏ· ^Œ~ü JbKÕ`« â◊OY∞™ê÷Ñ#¨ KÕÜ∞« |_ç#
HÍOr=~°O QÀÑ¨Ù~åÅÜ«∞O x~å‡}Ïxfl ZO`À „â◊^Œú`À \˜Ñ¨Ó Ñ¨ÓiÎ KÕ~ÚOKå~°∞. D
PÅÜ«∞ x~å‡}ÏxH˜ 10 "ÕÅ <å}ÏÅ#∞ q~åà◊OQÍ JO^ŒKÕâß~°∞. J#O`«~°O JHõ¯_»
[iy# ~°^äÀ`«û=OÖ’ \˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ áêÖÁæ<åfl~°∞.
PÅÜ«∂Å J[=∂~Ú+≤H˜ \˜Ñ¨Ó „Ñ¨`ÕºHõOQÍ XHõ âßY U~åÊ@∞ KÕâß~°∞.
=∞~îåÅ‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz# Pã¨∞ÎÅ =∞Oz K≥_»¤Å#∞ P âßMÏkèHÍ~°∞Å∞ Ñ¨~°º"ÕH˜ΔOKÕ"å~°∞.
PÅÜ«∂Å Ñï~°HõΔ}‰õΩ ‰õÄ_® Ñ¨Å∞ K«~°ºÅ∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. PÜ«∞# Ãã·#ºO kO_çQÆÖò
HÀ@g∞^Œ ^•_ç KÕã≤#Ñ¨C_»∞ HÀ@Ö’x PÅÜ«∂xH˜ Z@∞=O\˜ #+¨ìO "å\˜Å¡‰õΩO_®
Ñ¶≤~°Oy^Œà◊O ^•_»∞Å∞ [~°áêÅx, `«# Ãã·x‰õΩÅ‰õΩ, Ãã·xHÍkèHÍ~°∞Å‰õΩ „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ P^ÕâßÅ∞
*Ïs KÕâß~°∞.
\˜Ñ¨Ó „áê™ê^ŒO ã¨g∞áê# XHõ"≥·Ñ¨Ù =∞ã‘^Œ∞ LOk. P =∞ã‘^Œ∞#∞ PÜ«∞#
1790 E<£ =∂ãÖ 4 = `Õk# Hõ\Oì˜ Kå~°∞. P „áê™ê^•xH˜ =∞~˘Hõ"Ñ·≥ Ù¨ # N~°OQÆ<å^èŒ
™êfiq∞ PÅÜ«∞O LOk. D PÅÜ«∞O KåÖÏ Ñ¨Ù~å`«#"≥∞#ÿ k. P Ñïã¨~åÅÖ’ =∞iH˘xfl
PÅÜ«∂Å∞<åfl~Ú. #=∂A‰õΩ ~°=∞‡x =∞ã‘^∞Œ #∞O_ç q#Ñ¨_Õ Ñ≤Å∞Ñ¨Ù‰õΩ PÜ«∞# ZO`«\ ˜
„áê^è•#ºO ~ÚKÕÛ"å~À N~°OQÆ<å^èŒ™êfiq∞ PÅÜ«∞O, W`«~° PÅÜ«∂Å#∞O_çç q#=KÕÛ
*ËQOÆ @Å‰õΩ \˜ÑÓ¨ JO`Õ „áê=ÚYº`« WKåÛ~°∞. „Ñü~ÀA L^ŒÜ∞« O JÖÏÊÇ¨~°O fã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ
=ÚO^Œ∞ N~°OQÆ<å^èŒ™êfiq∞ PÅÜ«∂xfl ãÖ^Œi≈OK«_»O PÜ«∞# JÅ"å@x, D
q+¨Ü∞« OÖ’ PÜ«∞# "≥∞ãÿ ∂¨ ~°∞ „Ñ¨É∞íè =ÙÅ D ãÖ„Ñ¨^•Ü«∂xfl J#∞ãïOKå~°x „Ñ¨=ÚY
K«i„`«HÍ~°∞_»∞ N a.Z<£. áêO_Õ `«# Aurangzeb and Tipu Sultan-Evaluation
of their Religious Policies „QÆO^äŒOÖ’ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞.
(..." Tipu Sultan, as was customary with the rulers of Mysore,
daily visited the temple of Lord Ranganatha located inside the fort of
Srirangapatnam, before taking his break fast." - Page 19)
|Å=O`« =∞`åOfHõ~°}Å‰õΩ =Úã≤¡O ~åAÅ∞ áêÅÊ_®¤~°O@∂ \˜Ñ¨Ó q∂^Œ
‰õÄ_® P~ÀÑ¨}Å∞ =KåÛ~Ú. D P~ÀÑ¨}Å∞ F Ñ¨^äŒHõO „Ñ¨HÍ~°OQÍ \˜Ñ¨Ó JO>Ë
=Úã≤¡"Õ∞`«~°∞ÅÖ’ q^Õfi+Ö HõeˆQO^Œ∞‰õΩ POˆQ¡Ü«∞ ~°K«~Ú`«Å∞, P `«~°∞"åu HÍÅOÖ’
H˘O^Œ~°∞ ã¨fi^Õj ~°K«~Ú`«Å∞ „Ñ¨Kå~°OÖ’ ÃÑ\Ïì~°∞. D "å^Œ#Å#∞ Ñ¨Ó~°fiÑ¨HõΔO KÕã¨∂Î
„Ñ¨=ÚY K«i„`«HÍ~°∞_»∞ P~ü.ã≤.=∞AO^•~ü `«# An Advance History of India Ö’,
'..he was not fierce bigot...Though a pious Muslim, he did not attempt
any wholesale conversion of his Hindu subjects...' Jx "åºMÏºxOKå_»∞.
34
19
Ö∫H˜Hõ Ñ¨„Éèí∞=Ù
\˜Ñ¨Ó Ö∫H˜Hõ „Ñ¨Éèí∞=Ù. PÜ«∞# z#fl`«#OÖ’, `«O„_ç ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~ü Jb =^ŒÌ‰õΩ F
=Úã≤¡O =ÚÖÏ¡ „Ñ¨=ÚY∞_˘Hõ~°∞ Ñ¶≤~åº^Œ∞ `≥KåÛ_»∞. „Ñ¨Éèí∞=Ù‰õΩ `«# Ñ¶≤~åº^Œ∞#∞ qxÊã¨∂Î,
XHõ =Úã≤¡O ~å[ºOÖ’ =Úã≤¡O =ÚÖÏ¡Å‰õΩ <åºÜ«∞O [~°QÆ@O ÖË^Œx xOkOKå_»∞. P
P~ÀÑ¨} qO@∂<Õ, 'D ~å[ºO =Úã≤¡OÅ^Œx Z=~°<åfl~°∞?— (Who told you that
this was a Mussalman Government? ) JO@∂ ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~ü Jb P„QÆÇ¨ÏO =ºHõÎO
KÕâß~°∞.
D q^èOŒ QÍ =∞`« =∞<ÀÉèÏ"åÅ‰õΩ Jf`«OQÍ ~å[º x~°fiÇ¨Ï} ™êyOz# `«O„_ç
a_»_¤ ∞» HÍ=_»O`À \˜ÑÓ¨ ‰õÄ_® =∞`åf`«OQÍ =º=Ç¨ÏiOKå~°∞. „Ñ¨[Å =∞`« qâßfi™êÅÖ’
HõÅ∞QÆ*Ëã¨∞HÀ=^ŒÌx JkèHÍ~°∞Å‰õΩ ‰õÄ_® ã¨Ê+¨ì"≥∞ÿ# P^ÕâßÅ#∞ *Ïs KÕâß~°∞. |Ç¨ïà◊
=∞`åÅ∞, *Ï`«∞Å „Ñ¨[Å∞ ã¨Ç¨Ïr=#O ™êyã¨∞Î#fl ~å[ºOÖ’ Jxfl =∞`åÅ‰õΩ K≥Ok#
„Ñ¨[Å Ñ¨@¡ ã¨=∞ÉèÏ=# K«∂Ñ¨_»O \˜Ñ¨Ó „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ`«. JO^Œ∞=Å# „Ñü XHõ¯i =∞`«
™êO„Ñ¨^•Ü«∂Å#∞ PÜ«∞# Q“~°qOKå~°∞. <≥·uHõ qÅ∞=Å‰õΩ ÉèíOQÆHõ~°O HÍ#O`«=~°‰õΩ
Z=i =∞`« PKå~°–™êO„Ñ¨^•Ü«∂Å#∞ PÜ«∞# Ñ¨\ ˜ìOK«∞HÀÖË^Œ∞.
XHõ™êi \˜Ñ¨Ó =^ŒÌ‰õΩ XHõ á¶œ*ò^•s =KåÛ_»∞. PÜ«∞# XHõ ^èŒ~°‡ ãÖ^Õâ◊O
QÆ∞iOz q=iã¨∂Î, XHõ =Úã≤¡"Õ∞`«~° Ü«Ú=‰õΩ_»∞ =Úã≤¡O ÉÏeHõ#∞ q"åÇ¨ÏO
KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl_»x, nx=Å# P „áêO`«OÖ’ f„= L„kHõÎ`« <≥ÅH˘#fl^Œx ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl_»∞. D
q"åÇ¨ÏO q+¨Ü«∞"≥∞ÿ =∞iO`« q=~°} Wã¨∂Î, D q"åÇ¨ÏO +ïÜ«∞`ü „Ñ¨HÍ~°O K≥Å¡^Œ∞,
JO^Œ∞=Å# xOk`«∞Å#∞ tHÕΔ KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ Z@∞=O\˜ K«~º° Å∞ fã¨∞HÀ"åÖ’ `≥Å∞Ñ¨=∞O@∂
\˜Ñ¨Ó#∞ JÉèíºi÷OKå_»∞.
(‘..a Hindu had married a Muslim lady causing tension in the
locality. As such the marriage was not permitted in the Shariat, what
action should be taken to punish the culprits ‘ - AURUNGZEB AND
TIPU SULTAN, Evaluation of their Religious Polices, by Dr.B.N.Pande,
Page. 19)
D ã¨=∞ã¨º q+¨Ü«∞"≥∞ÿ \˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨ÊOkã¨∂Î, „Ñ¨[Å =ºH˜ÎQÆ`«, =∞`« ã¨Ö|O^èŒ"≥∞ÿ#

q+¨Ü«∂ÅÖ’ Z@∞=O\˜ *’HõºO KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl ã¨Ç≤ÏOKÕk ÖË^Œx, âßOu Éèí„^Œ`«Å#∞
HÍáê_»@O, „Ñ¨[Å Pã¨∞ÅÎ #∞ ~°HOΔ̃ K«_O» JkèHÍ~°∞Å Ñ¨ÓiÎ ÉÏ^èºŒ `«QÍ QÆ∞iÎOK«∞HÀ"åÅx
ÃÇÏK«ÛiOKå~°∞. „Ñ¨[Å‰õΩ ã¨Ô~·# <åºÜ«∞O „Ñ¨™êkOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ, Jxfl =∞`åÅ
35
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
PKå~°–ãÖ„Ñ¨^•Ü«∂Å#∞ Q“~°qOz, qKå~°} ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ PÜ«∂ JOâßÅ#∞
ÑïQÆ}Ö’H˜ fã¨∞‰õΩ<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ, „Ñ¨^è•# <åºÜ«∞™ê÷<åÅÖ’ Jxfl =∞`åÅ‰õΩ K≥Ok#
<åºÜ«∂kèHÍ~°∞Å#∞ xÜ«∞q∞OKå~°∞. „Ñ¨[Å Ñ¶~≤ åº^Œ∞Å#∞, ã¨=∞ã¨ºÅ#∞ =ºH˜QÎ `Æ « K«\ÏìÅ#∞
J#∞ãïOz qKåiOK«=∞x, JkèHÍ~°∞Å#∞, <åºÜ«∂kèHÍ~°∞Å#∞ P^ÕtOKå~°∞.
Dãπì WO_çÜ«∂ HõOÃÑh áêÅ‰õΩÅ`À áÈ~å_»∞`«∞<åfl „ÔH·ã¨Î= =∞`åKå~°∞Å Ñ¨@¡
ZO`À Q“~°=O, P^Œ~}° K«∂áê~°∞. =∞ã‘^∞Œ –=∞Ok~°O–K«sÛÅ =∞^èºŒ # \˜ÑÓ¨ Z@∞=O\˜
`Õ_® K«∂Ñ≤OK«ÖË^Œ∞. K«sÛÅ q"å^•Å ãÖ^Œ~°ƒùOQÍ xëêÊùH˜ΔHõOQÍ =º=Ç¨ÏiO K«@"Õ∞
HÍ‰õΩO_®, PÜ«∂ K«sÛÅ, P K«sÛÅ x~°fiÇ¨Ï‰õΩÅ ~°HõΔ}‰õΩ Ñ¨Å∞ U~åÊ@∞¡ KÕâß~°∞.
1791–92Ö’ "≥∞ãÿ ∂¨ ~°∞ ~å[º ÉèÏQÆ"∞≥ #ÿ +≤"∂≥ QÍ q∂^Œ ^•_ç [iÑ≤# =∞Ç¨~å„+¨ì
ã¨~åÌ~°∞ ~°Ñ¶¨Ú<å^èŒ~å=Ù Ñ¨@fi~°ú<£, ã¨g∞ÑÖÖ’ L#fl â◊$OˆQi Ñ‘~îåxH˜ K≥Ok# =∞~î°O
q∂^Œ ‰õÄ_® ^•_ç KÕâß_»∞. P ^•_çÖ’ =∞~îåxfl H˘Å¡Q˘\˜ì, „|Ç¨Ï‡}∞Å#∞ K«OÑ≤,
âß~°^•ÅÜ«∞OÖ’ L#fl #QÍ#„\Ï#∞, qÅ∞"≥#· =ã¨∞=Î ÙÅ#∞ ^ÀK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. PÅÜ«∞OÖ’x
âß~°^•=∂`« q„QÆÇ¨xfl ‰õÄ_® ÃÑH˜eOz |Ü«∞@‰õΩ qã≤i"Õâß~°∞.
D ^•_çÖ’ =∞~å~îå ^ŒO_»∞ ™êyOz# „‰õÄ~°`åfixfl `«@∞ìHÀÖËHõ [QÆ^Œ∞æ~°∞
ã¨zÛ^•#O^Œ ÉèÏ~°u =∞Ç¨™êfiq∞ =∞~î°O g_ç =∞~ÀKÀ@ `«Å^•K«∞‰õΩx \˜Ñ¨Ó‰õΩ F
ÖËY ^•fi~å ^Œ∞ã¨ûOÑ¶¨∞@# q=~åÅ#∞ `≥eáê~°∞. \˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ ã¨Ç¨ÏÜ«∂xfl–
ã¨Ç¨ÏHÍ~åhfl PÜ«∞# P ÖËYÅ<À Ji÷OKå~°∞. P ÖËY‰õΩ `«HõΔ}"Õ∞ ã¨ÊOkã¨∂Î, [iy#
ãÖÑ¶∞¨ @#‰õΩ `«# ÉÏ^è#Œ ∞ =ºHõOÎ KÕã∂¨ ,Î Ñ‘~åî kèÑu¨ ÖËY‰õΩ ã¨=∂^è•#O ~åã¨∂,Î 'JO`«\ ˜
Ñ¨q„`« ã¨Å÷ O q∂^Œ JÖÏO\˜ JHõ$`åºxH˜ áêÅÊ_ç# "åà◊√§ áêÑ¨Ñe¨¶ `åxfl J#∞Éèqí OK«‰õ
`«Ñ¨Ê^Œx — \˜Ñ¨Ó P„QÆÇ¨ÏO =ºHõÎO KÕâß~°∞.
\˜Ñ¨Ó JO`«\ ˜`À ãïÃÑ@∞ìHÀÖË^Œ∞. PÅÜ«∞ Ñ¨Ù#~°∞^Œú~°}, ãÖ„áÈHõΔ} `«k`«~°
HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂Å‰õΩ J=ã¨~°=∞QÆ∞ ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞–ã¨Ç¨ÏHÍ~åÅ∞ JOkOKåeûOkQÍ, ˆÉ^Œ#∂~°∞Ö’
QÆÅ `«# ã¨~åÌ~°∞‰õΩ P^ÕâßÅ∞ *ÏsKÕâß~°∞. âß~°^• ^Õq q„QÆÇ¨ Ñ¨Ù#ó„Ñü+¨ì [iQÍHõ
[QÆ^Œ∞æ~°∞ ÑÖÑ≤# âßÅ∞"å, „Ñ¨™ê^•xfl PÜ«∞# ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ ã‘fiHõiOKå~°∞. J#O`«~°O
J=∞‡"åiH˜ HÍ#∞HõÅ∞, „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ =„™êÎÅ#∞ ÑÖáê~°∞.
D ãÖ^Œ~°ƒùOQÍ [QÆ^Œ∞æ~°∞‰õΩ ~åã≤# ÖËYÖ’, 'q∂~°∞ [QÆ^Œ∞æ~°∞=ÙÅ∞. q∂~°∞
„Ñ¨ÑÖK«=∞O`å ã¨∞aèHõΔOQÍ LO_®Åx „Ñ¨[ÅO`å ã¨∞Y:âßO`«∞Å`À QÆ_»áêÅx
HÀ~°∞‰õΩO@∂ ã¨^• [Ñ¨`«áêÅÖ’ x=∞QÆfl"≥∞ÿ Ü«ÚO\Ï~°∞. =∂ „Ñ¨[ÅO`å ã¨∞aèHõΔOQÍ
36
20
LO_®Åx ÉèíQÆ=O`«∞_çfl „áêiúOK«O_ç. q∂ÖÏO\˜ =∞Ç¨ÏhÜ«ÚÅ∞ ZHõ¯_» x=ã≤™êÎ~À P
^Õâ◊OÖ’ =∞Oz =~å¬Å∞ ‰õΩ~°∞™êÎ~Ú. =∞Oz ÑÖ@Å∞ ÑÖ_»∞`å~Ú.—, Jx [QÆ^Œ∞æ~°∞
Ñ¨@¡ `«#‰õΩ#fl Q“~°"åxfl \˜Ñ¨Ó =ºHõÎO KÕâß~°∞.
( ‘ You are the Jagdguru, Your are always performing penance
in order that whole world may prosper, and the people may be happy.
Please pray God for increase of our prosperity. In whatever country
holy persons like yourself my reside that country will flourish with good
shows and crops ‘ - The Tigers of Mysore by Proxy Fernandez, page.
212)
L^ÕÌâ◊ºÑ¨Ó~°fiHõ =„H©Hõ~°}Å∞
\˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ =∞`« ™ê=∞~°™êºxfl ZO`«QÍ áê\Õz<å, D QÆ_»¤#∞ P„Hõq∞O
K«∞‰õΩ#fl „a\©+¨~°∞¡, =Úã≤¡O =ºuˆ~Hõ`«#∞ xOÑ¨Ù‰õΩ#fl ã¨fi^Õj K«i„`«HÍ~°∞Å∞, \˜Ñ¨Ó#∞
=Úã≤¡"Õ∞`«~° =∞`«ã¨∞÷Å Ñ¨@¡ ^•~°∞}OQÍ =º=Ç¨ÏiOz# =∞`À<å‡kQÍ z„uOKå~°∞. P
"Õ∞~°‰õΩ |Ç¨ïà◊ „Ñ¨Kå~°O KÕâß~°∞. D „Ñ¨Kå~°O KåÖÏ HÍÅO =~°‰õΩ ™êyOk. „Ñ¨[Å∞,
„Ñ¨=ÚY∞Å∞ ‰õÄ_® Jã¨`åºÅ#∞–J~°ú ã¨`åºÅ#∞, =„H©Hõ~°}Å#∞ ã¨`åºÅ∞QÍ #=∞‡@O
[iyOk. D HÍ~°}OQÍ \˜Ñ¨Ó QÆ∞iOz Ñ¨Å∞ ^Œ∞~åƒù=#Å∞ H˘O`«HÍÅO KÀ@∞
KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~Ú.
D Jã¨`åºÅ∞ ZO`À HÍÅO xÅ|_»ÖË^Œ∞. J#O`«~° HÍÅOÖ’ ™êy# Ñ¨Å∞
Ñïâ’^èŒ#Å∞, Ñïâ’^èŒ‰õΩÅ Hõ$+≤ "åã¨Î"åÅ#∞ xQÆ∞æ`ÕeÛOk. x*Ï~Úf x|^Œú`«QÆÅ
Ñïâ’^èŒ‰õΩÅ∞, "åã¨ÎqHõ K«i„`«#∞ „Ñ¨[Å =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ `≥KåÛ~°∞. P Hõ$+≤ =Å# Jã¨`«º
„Ñ¨Kå~°O, =„H©~°}Å "≥#∞Hõ QÆÅ =º‰õΩÎÅ–=º=ã¨÷Å ^Œ∞~°∞^ÕÌâßÅ∞ |Ç≤Ï~°æ`«»Ü«∂º~Ú.
\˜Ñ¨Ó |Å=O`« =∞`« =∂iÊ_çH˜ áêÅÊ_ç#O^Œ∞# =∞`åOfHõ~°} ~Ú+¨ìOÖËx
=¸_»∞ "ÕÅ=∞Ok „ÉÏÇ¨Ï‡}∞Å∞ P`«‡Ç¨Ï`«ºÅ∞ KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°x, P P`«‡Ç¨Ï`«ºÅ
^Œ∞ã¨ûOÑ¶¨∞@#Å‰õΩ \˜Ñ¨Ó HÍ~°}=∞x „Ñ¨^è•#OQÍ P~ÀÑ¨} =zÛOk.
(Three Thousand Brahmins committed sucide as Tipu wanted to
convert them forcibly into the fold of Islam. -Aurungzeb and Tipu Sultan
: BN Pande, Page. 14)
D P~ÀÑ¨}Å#∞ HõÅHõ`åÎ qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∂xH˜ K≥Ok# ãÖã¨$¯`« qÉèÏQÆO JkèÑu¨
_®II Ç¨Ï~° „Ñ¨™ê^£ âß„ã≤Î `å#∞ ~åã≤# "≥∞„\˜‰õΩºÖË+¨<£ ™ê÷~Ú K«i„`« áê~î°ºÑ¨Ùã¨ÎHõOÖ’
37
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞. D Ñ¨Ùã¨HÎ Oõ P<å\˜ ÉˇOQÍÖò, J™êûO, L`«~Î „° Ñ¨^âÕ ò, =∞^èºŒ „Ñ¨^âÕ ò, ~å[™ê÷<£
~å„ëêìÅÖ’x L#fl`« áê~î°âßÅ q^•º~°∞÷Å K«i„`« áê~î°º „QÆO^äŒOQÍ KåÖÏ HÍÅO
K≥ÖÏ=∞}© J~ÚºOk.
D q+¨Ü«∞O KåÅHÍÅO `«~åfi`« „Ñ¨MÏº`« K«i„`« Ñïâ’^èŒ‰õΩ_»∞, P `«~°∞"åu
HÍÅOÖ’ áê~°¡"≥∞O@∞ ã¨Éèí∞ºÅ∞, ~å[™ê÷<£ QÆ=~°fl~üQÍ Ñ¨xKÕã≤# _®II a.Ü«∞<£.
áêO_Õ ^Œ$+≤ìH˜ (1928–29) =zÛOk. PÜ«∞# Religious Policy of Tipu Sultan
J#∞ q+¨Ü∞« O g∞^Œ P<å_»∞ Ñïâ’^è#Œ KÕã∞¨ <Î åfl~°∞. \˜ÑÓ¨ Ö∫H˜Hõ „Ñ¨É∞íè =ÙQÍ x~°∂Ñ≤OKÕ
Ñ¨Å∞ ^Œ$ëêìO`åÅ∞, Ñ¶¨~å‡<åÅ∞, =∞~îåÅ‰õΩ, =∞~îåkèHÍ~°∞Å‰õΩ, [QÆ^Œ∞æ~°∞=ÙÅ‰õΩ,
Ñ‘~îåkèÑ¨`«∞Å‰õΩ ~åã≤# =O^ŒÖÏk ÖËYÅ#∞ J^èŒºÜ«∞#O KÕã≤# PÜ«∞#‰õΩ D q+¨Ü«∞O
Pâ◊Û~°ºHõ~O° JxÊOzOk. =∞`åÅ∞, =∞`« qâßfi™êÅ∞, =∞`«ã∞¨ Å÷ Ñ¨@¡ ã¨=∂# Q“~°"åxfl
„Ñ¨îŒ ≈Oz# \˜ÑÓ¨ g∞^Œ =zÛ# W@∞=O\˜ P~ÀÑ¨}Å#∞ N áêO_Õ #=∞‡ÖËHõ áÈÜ«∂~°∞.
D q+¨Ü«∞O QÆ∞iOz "åã¨Î=O `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀ"åÅx PÜ«∞#Ö’ L`«∞ûHõ`« HõeyOk.
P ã¨=∂Kå~åxH˜ P^è•~åÖË"À `≥Å∞Ñ¨=∞x, _®II Ç¨Ï~° „Ñ¨™ê^£ âß„ã≤ÎH˜ Ñ¨Å∞ ÖËY
~å™ê~°∞. N âß„ã≤Î #∞O_ç Z@∞=O\˜ ã¨=∂^è•#O ~åÖË^Œ∞. N áêO_Õ Ñ¨@∞ì=^ŒÅx
q„Hõ=∂~°∞¯xÖÏ L`«Î~åÅ∞ ~åÜ«∞™êQÍ~°∞. z=~°‰õΩ `«# ÖËY‰õΩ ã¨=∂^è•#O
~å‰õΩ#fl@ì~Ú`Õ, _®II Ç¨Ï~° „Ñ¨™ê^£ âß„ã≤Î P~ÀÑ¨}Å∞, P `«^∞Œ Ñï K«~º° Å#∞ "Õ∞^èÀÑ¨~"° ∞≥ #ÿ
=OK«#QÍ ÑïQÆ}O˜ Kåeû =ã¨∞OÎ ^Œx N âß„ã≤xÎ PÜ«∞# ÃÇÏK«ÛiOKå~°∞. P ÃÇÏK«ÛiHõ`À,
P ãÖÑ¶¨∞@# q=~åÅ∞ "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ÔQl\ò Ö’ L<åflÜ«∞O@∂, XHõ¯ z#fl=∂@ ~åã≤#
ÖËY#∞ ÑÖÑ≤ _®II âß„ã≤Î ãïÃÑ@ì^ŒÅK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
_®Hõ~ì ü âß„ã≤Î ÑÖÑ≤# P q=~åÅ "Õ∞~°‰Ωõ , N a.Ü«∞<£. áêO_Õ "≥∞ãÿ ∂¨ ~°∞ QÔ l\òÖ’
D ãÖÑ¶¨∞@# HÀãÖ J<Õfi+≤OKå~°∞. D q+¨Ü«∞"≥∞ÿ, "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ K«i„`« g∞^Œ xëê‚`«∞Öˇ·#
„áÈÃÑ¶ã¨~ü NHÍO`«Ü«∞º, N „a*ËO„^Œ<å^è£ ã‘ÖòÅ#∞ PÜ«∞# ãÖ„Ñ¨kOKå~°∞. "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞
~å[º K«i„`« q∂^Œ =∞Oz Ñï*Ï˝#O Hõey# „Ñ¨=ÚY K«i„`«HÍ~°∞_»∞ N HÍO`«Ü«∞º D
q+¨Ü«∞"≥∞ÿ N áêO_Õ‰õΩ ÖËY ~åã¨∂Î, "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å[ºK«i„`« J^èŒºÜ«∞#jeQÍ =¸_»∞
"ÕÅ =∞Ok „ÉÏÇ¨Ï‡}∞Å P`«‡Ç¨Ï`«º ãÖÑ¶∞¨ @# `«# ^Œ$+≤Hì ˜ ~åÖË^xŒ , J@∞=O\˜ ãÖÑ¶∞¨ @#
"≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ QÆl\òÖ’ ZHõ¯_® `å#∞ K«∂_»ÖË^Œx, Jk ZHõ¯_®ÖË^Œx `å#∞ Ñ¶¨∞O\Ï
Ñ¨^äŒOQÍ K≥Ñ¨ÊQÆÅ#∞, Jx ~åâß~°∞.
('. the episode of the suicide of 3000 Brahmins is nowhere in the
Mysore gazette and as a student of history of Mysore was quite certain
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that no such incident had taken place...' - Aurungzeb and Tipu Sultan :
BN Pande, Page 14)
„á¶⁄ÃÑ¶ã¨~ü NHÍO`«Ü«∞º JO`«\ ˜`À T~°∞HÀÖË^Œ∞, _®II aÜ«∞<£ áêO_Õ Pã¨H˜Îx
|\˜ì \˜ÑÓ¨ Ö∫H˜Hõ „Ñ¨É∞íè =ÙQÍ ~°∞A=Ù KÕÜÚ« Ñ¨Å∞ Ñ¨„`åÅ#∞, =ÚYº"≥∞#ÿ _®‰õΩº"≥∞O@∞Å
HÍÑ‘Å#∞ PÜ«∞#‰õΩ ÑÖáê~°∞. D Ñ¨„`åÅ#∞ ÑïjeOz \˜Ñ¨Ó q∂^Œ ^Œ∞~°∞^ÕÌâ◊º
Ñ¨Ó~°fiHõOQÍ ™êy# P~ÀÑ¨}Å q∂^Œ N âß„ã≤Î áê„`« QÆ∞iOz _®II áêO_Õ F x~åú~°}‰õΩ
=KåÛ~°∞. D ãÖÑ¶¨∞@#‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz# x*Ïx*ÏÅ#∞ `≥Å∞Ñ¨=∞O@∂, N HÍO`«Ü«∞º
ã¨ÊO^Œ##∞, W`«~° Ñ¨„`åÅ#∞ =∞~À™êi N âß„ã≤Î ^Œ$+≤ìH˜ `≥ã¨∂Î, PÜ«∞# áê~î°º„QÆO^äŒOÖ’
L@OHÕz# ãÖÑ¶¨∞@#‰õΩ `«y# P^è•~åÅ∞ K«∂áêÅx HÀ~°∞`«∂ L`«Î~°O ~åâß~°∞.
D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ Zxfl L`«Î~åÅ∞ ~åã≤<å _®II âß„ã≤Î #∞O_ç Z@∞=O\˜ „Ñ¨`«∞º`«Î~°O
~åHõáÈ=@O`À N âß„ã≤Î ~åã≤# =¸_»∞ "ÕÅ „|Ç¨Ï‡}∞Å P`«‡Ç¨Ï`«º ãÖÑ¶¨∞@#
"åã¨Î=O HÍ^Œx, Jk _®II âß„ã≤Î JÉèí∂`«HõÅÊ# Jx N áêO_Õ ÉèÏqOKå~°∞.
D q+¨Ü«∞O q∂^Œ =∞iO`« Ñïâ’^èŒ# [iÑ≤, \˜Ñ¨Ó g∞^Œ W@∞=O\˜ Jã¨`«º
P~ÀÑ¨}Å#∞ L^ÕâÌ º◊ Ñ¨Ó~°fiHõOQÍ<Õ HõÅHõ`åÎ qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞O ãÖã¨$¯`« qÉèÏQÆO JkèÑu¨
_®II Ç¨Ï~° „Ñ¨™ê^£ âß„ã≤Î ~å™ê~°x N áêO_Õ x~åúiOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. J#O`«~°O D
Ñ¨ÓiÎ =º=Ç¨~åxH˜ ãÖ|OkèOz# Ñ¨„`åÅ#∞ HõÅHõ`åÎ qâ◊fi q^•ºÅÜ«∞O "≥ã· Kπ åè #ûÅ~ü‰Ωõ
N áêO_Õ ÑÖáê~°∞. \˜Ñ¨Ó q∂^Œ _®Hõì~ü âß„ã≤Î L^ÕÌâ◊ºÑ¨Ó~°ºHõOQÍ KÕã≤# Jã¨`«º
P~À}Å#∞, PÜ«∞# ^Œ$+≤ìH˜ fã¨∞‰õ =KåÛ~°∞. P Ñ¨„`åÅ#∞ ÑïjeOz#
qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞O JkèHÍ~°∞Å ã≤á¶ê~°ã¨∞û "Õ∞~°‰õΩ N âß„ã≤Î „QÆO^ä•xfl qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞O
ã¨∂zOz# áê~î°º „QÆO^ä•Å *Ïa`å #∞O_ç `˘Åyã¨∂Î, HõÅHõ`åÎ qâ◊fi q^•ºÅÜ«∞O
"≥·ãπKèå#ûÅ~ü x~°‚Ü«∞O fã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. P x~°‚Ü«∞O "Õ∞~°‰õΩ N âß„ã≤Î áê~î°º „QÆO^ä•xfl
`˘ÅyOKå~°∞. D `˘eyOÑ¨Ù [iˆQ ãïˆH Ñ¨Å∞ ãÖ=`«û~åÅ∞ QÆ_çzáÈ=@O`À \˜Ñ¨Ó
g∞^Œ KÕã≤# JÉèÏO_®Å∞, Jã¨`«º P~ÀÑ¨}Å∞ JHõΔ~°ã¨`åºÅ∞QÍ |Ç¨ïà◊ „Ñ¨Kå~°O
á⁄O^•~Ú.
P `«~∞° "å`« ‰õÄ~°∞,æ =∞ÅÉÏ~°∞ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂ [#ã¨=¸Ç¨Å Ñ¨@¡ KåÖÏ ^•~°∞}OQÍ,
J`«ºO`« „‰õÄ~°OQÍ \˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ =º=Ç¨ÏiOKå~°x PÜ«∞#‰õΩ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ =∞~˘Hõ
P~ÀÑ¨} „Ñ¨Kå~°OÖ’H˜ =zÛOk. D P~ÀÑ¨}ÅÖ’x x*Ïx*ÏÅ xQÆ∞æ `ÕÅ∞Û`«∂,
\˜Ñ¨Ó Hõiî#OQÍ =º=Ç¨ÏiOzOk "åã¨Î="≥∞ÿ<å, P =º=Ç¨~° ã¨~°oH˜ ~å[H©Ü«∂Å∞
=∂„`«"∞Õ HÍ~°}=∞x, PÜ«∞# Hõi#î "≥Y· iH˜ PÜ«∞# =∞`«O, =∞`« qâßfi™êÅ∞ U=∂„`«O
HÍ~°}O HÍ^Œx N a.Ü«∞<£. áêO_Õ ÖÏO\˜ Ñ¨Å∞=Ù~°∞ Ñïâ’^èŒ‰õΩÅ∞ `ÕeÛ K≥áêÊ~°∞.
39
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
=∞`«O Ñ¨@¡ qâßÅ Ö∫H˜Hõ ^Œ$HõÊ^äŒO QÆÅ \˜Ñ¨Ó, ~å*Ï[˝Å#∞ LÅ¡OÑ¶≤∞Oz#
"å~°∞ ZO`«\ ˜ "åÔ~·<å, "åˆ~ =∞`åxH˜ K≥Ok# "åÔ~·<å Hõiî#OQÍ =º=Ç¨ÏiOKå~°∞.
„ã‘ÎÅ∞ ~°qHõÅ#∞ `«Ñ¨ÊHõ ^èŒiOKåÅx *Ïs KÕã≤# P[˝Å#∞ MÏ`«~°∞ KÕÜ«∞Hõ áÈ=@"Õ∞
HÍHõ, „a\©+~¨ ∞° `¡ À KÕ`∞« Å∞ HõeÑ≤#O^Œ∞#, =∞OQÆà¥◊ ~°∞ „ÔHã· =Î¨ ÙÅ∞ Dãπì WO_çÜ∂« HõOÃÑh
áêÅ‰õΩÅ‰õΩ `˘`«∞ÎÅ∞QÍ =∂i, "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å*ÏºxH˜ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ =º=Ç¨ÏiOK«@O =Å¡
\˜ÑÓ¨ P„QÆÇÏ¨ xH˜ QÆ∞~°Ü∂« º~°∞. |Ç¨ïÉè~í Î° $`åfixfl x¿+kèã∂¨ ,Î \˜ÑÓ¨ *Ïs KÕã#≤ P[˝Å#∞
‰õÄ~°∞æ „Ñ¨[Å∞ LÅ¡OÑ¶≤∞Kå~°∞. PKå~° ãÖ„Ñ¨^•Ü«∂ÅÖ’ ãÖã¨¯~°}Å‰õΩ ãÖ|OkèOz
PÜ«∞# *Ïs KÕã≤ P[˝Å#∞ LÅ¡OÑ¶≤∞K«@"Õ∞ HÍ‰õΩO_®, UHõOQÍ \˜Ñ¨Ó ~å*ÏºkèHÍ~åxH˜
Zã¨~°∞ ÃÑ>ËìO^Œ∞‰õΩ â◊„`«∞=Ù`À ‰õΩ=∞‡Hõ¯Ü«∂º~°∞.
PHÍ~°}OQÍ P„QÆÇ≤ÏOz# \˜Ñ¨Ó ‰õÄ~°∞æÅ#∞ tH˜ΔOK«@OÖ’ U =∂„`«O *Ïe
K«∂Ñ¨ÖË^Œ∞. D K«~°ºÅhfl ~å[H©Ü«∞ HÍ~°}ÏÅ =Å# KÀ@∞ KÕã¨∞‰õΩ#flq `«Ñ¨Ê, =∞`«
=∞<ÀÉèÏ"åÅ <ÕÑ¨^èŒºO U=∂„`«O ÖË^Œx, „Ñ¨=ÚY K«i„`«HÍ~°∞Å∞ D.L. Nigam (Tipu
ki jeevan), Dr. Visweswaraish (Bondage and Freedom), Mr. Rambha
Saym Sunder `«k`«~°∞Å∞ `«y# P^è•~åÅ`À q=iOKå~°∞.
P HÍÅÑ¨Ù áêÅ‰õΩÅ áÈHõ_»Å‰õΩ `«QÆæ@∞ì â◊„`«∞=~åæÅ Ñ¨@¡ \˜Ñ¨Ó ZO`« „H“~°ºO
K«∂Ñ≤<å, =∞`«O q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’, =ÚYºOQÍ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∞=ÙÅ q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’ \˜Ñ¨Ó „‰õÄ~°∞_»∞
HÍ^Œ∞. HÔ #~åÖ’ „ÔHã· =Î¨ ÙÅ q∂^Œ, =∞ÅÉÏ~°∞Ö’ <åÜ«∞~°¡ q∂^Œ J`«_∞» q~°∞K«∞‰õΩÑ¨_Oç k
`«#‰õΩ Z^Œ∞~°∞ uiQÍ~°#fl ~å[H©Ü«∞ HõHõΔ`À =∂`«„"Õ∞ `«Ñ¨Ê =∞`« ^Õfi+Ö`À HÍ^Œ∞.
<åÜ«∞~°¡ q∂^Œ J`«_ç P„QÆÇ¨OÖ’#∂ "åi |Ç¨ïÉèí~°Î $`«fiO PKå~°O q∂^Œ, =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞
J<åKåÛùk`«OQÍ u~°QÆ_»OÃÑ·<å =ºuˆ~Hõ`Õ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ HõxÊã¨∞ÎOk. "≥Ú`«ÎOQÍ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂
=∞`«O q∂^Œ q^Õfi+Ö`À HõuÎ ZuÎ, ÑïáêÅ#Ö’ =Úã≤¡OÅ Ñ¨@¡ Ñ¨HõΔáê`«O K«∂Ñ≤
Ç≤ÏO^Œ∞=ÙÅ#∞ ^Œ∞ifiK«HõΔ}‰õΩ QÆ∞iKÕã≤, Jxfl q^è•Å∞QÍ J}QÆ^˘H˜¯ |Å=O`«Ñ¨Ù =∞`«
=∂iÊ_»∞Å#∞ ™êyOKå_»#fl <Õ~åÅ#∞ J`«_çH˜ PáêkOK«_»O J<åºÜ«∞O. (Wn K«i„`«,
Ü«∞O.q.P~ü.âß„ã≤Î, ^Œ∞~åæ Ñä¡ˆH+¨<£û, ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£ 2005, ¿Ñl. 201)
\˜Ñ¨Ó P[˝Å#∞ LÅ¡OÑ¶≤∞Oz# =Úã≤¡O "≥∂Ñ≤ÖÏ¡Å#∞ ‰õÄ_® PÜ«∞# Hõiî#OQÍ
tH˜ΔOK«@"Õ∞ HÍHõ u~°∞QÆ∞ÉÏ@∞#∞ Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ J}˜z"Õ™ê~°∞. ™œ=#∂~ü, Hõ~°∂flÅ∞, Hõ_»Ñ¨
ãÖ™ê÷ú<åÅ‰õΩ K≥Ok# #"å|∞Å∞ \˜Ñ¨Ó‰õΩ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ ‰õΩ„@Å∞ KÕã¨∞Î#flO^Œ∞# "åix
`«# ^•iH˜ fã¨∞‰õΩ=KÕÛO^Œ∞‰õΩ KåÖÏ x~åúH˜Δ}ºOQÍ =º=Ç¨ÏiOKå~°∞. D q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’
\˜Ñ¨Ó =∂„`«"Õ∞ HÍ^Œ∞ U áêÅ‰õΩ_≥·<å `å#∞ â◊„`«∞=ÙQÍ ÉèÏqOz# "åi Ñ¨@¡ P<å_»∞
„‰õÄ~°OQÍ<Õ =º=Ç¨ÏiOKå~°∞. JO^Œ∞‰õΩ \˜Ñ¨Ó Jf`«∞_ÕOHÍ^Œ∞.
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POˆQ¡Ü«∞ Ãã·xHÍkèHÍi Major Dirom D q+¨Ü«∞"≥∞ÿ "åºMÏºxã¨∂Î '..his
cruelities were in general inflicted only on those whom he considered
as his enimies' Jx Jaè„áêÜ«∞Ñ¨_®¤_»∞. (Quoted by RC Majundar in his An
Advanced History of India, Page 708)
\˜ÑÓ¨ ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ „Ñ¨îŒ ≈Oz# x+¨ÊHõáΔ ê`«, =∞`« ™ê=∞~°ãº¨ Ñ¨Ó~°fiHõ "≥Y· i =¸ÅOQÍ
PÜ«∞# Ñ¨Å∞=Ùi „Ñ¨â◊Oã¨Å#∞ JO^Œ∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. „Ñ¨[Å =∞#fl# á⁄O^•~°∞. \˜Ñ¨Ó
=∞`« ™ê=∞~°ã¨º "≥·Yix H˘xÜ«∂_»∞`«∂, 1930 [#=i 23 <å\˜, Ü«∞OQ∑ WO_çÜ«∂
Ö’ =∞Ç¨`å‡QÍOnè D q^èŒOQÍ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞. 'q^Õj K«i„`«HÍ~°∞Å∞ Ñ¶¨`Õ Pe \˜Ñ¨Ó
ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£#∞ =∞`« Ñ≤zÛHõÅ"å_çQÆ z„uOKå~°∞. `«# ~å[ºOÖ’ QÆÅ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∞=ÙÅ#∞
|Å=O`«OQÍ =∞`« =∂iÊ_çH˜ „Ñ¨Ü«∞uflOKå_»x P~ÀÑ≤OKå~°∞. J`«#∞ JÖÏO\˜ =ºH˜Î
HÍ^Œ∞. PÜ«∞# q∂^Œ ™êy# Ñ¨Å∞ Jã¨`º« P~ÀÑ¨}Å‰õΩ aè#flOQÍ, Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂ „Ñ¨*ÏhHõO`À
\˜Ñ¨Ó‰õΩ KåÖÏ =∞Oz ãÖ|O^è•Å∞ LO_Õq— Jx =∞Ç¨`å‡QÍOnè ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞.
( "...Fathe Ali Tipu Sulthan of Mysore is represented by foreign
historians as a fanatic, who opposed his Hindu subjects and converted
them to Islam by force... But he was nothing of the kind. On other hand
his relations with Hindu subjects were perfectly cordial.." Young India,
Jan.23, 1930, Page. 31)
<åºÜ«∞=ºã¨÷ Ñ¨@¡ „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ ^Œ$+≤ì

\˜Ñ¨Ó <åºÜ«∞=fiã¨÷ Ñ¨@¡ „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ ^Œ$+≤ì Hõey L<åfl~°∞. ã¨=∂[OÖ’x H˘O^Œ~°∞
=º‰õΩÎÅ∞ ™êyOKÕ H˜~å`«Hõ K«~°ºÅ‰õΩ P =ºH˜Îx =∂„`«"Õ∞ ÉÏ^èŒ∞º_çfl KÕÜ«∂e HÍx, <Õ~°O
KÕã#≤ P =ºH˜HÎ ˜ K≥Ok# [#ã¨=Ú^•Ü«∂xH˜ P <Õ~åxfl PáêkOK«_®xfl xOkOK«\Ïxfl
\˜Ñ¨Ó f„=OQÍ ÑïQÆ}ÕKå~°∞. Z=~°∞ `«Ñ¨C KÕ¿ãÎ "åix =∂„`«"Õ∞ xOkOKåe,
<Õ~°O ~°∞A"≥·`Õ `«y# q^èŒOQÍ tH˜ΔOKåe `«Ñ¨Ê, P =ºH˜ÎH˜ ãÖ|OkèOz# Ü«∂=`«∞Î
ã¨=∂*Ïxfl `«Ñ¨C Ñ¨@ì_»O J¿ÇÏ`«∞HõO J<åfl~°∞.
<Õ~ã° ∞¨ Å÷ ‰õΩ tHõÅΔ ∞ qkèOK«@OÖ’ q#∂`«fl =∂~°∞ÊÅ#∞ PÜ«∞# J=∞Å∞ KÕâß~°∞.
tHõΔ J<Õk ã¨=∂*ÏxH˜ LÑ¨Ü«ÚHõÎOQÍ LO_®Åx PÜ«∞# ÉèÏqOKå~°∞. D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ
Ñ¨Å∞ K«~°ºÅ#∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. z#fl, z#fl <Õ~åÅ‰õΩ áêÅÊ_ç#, ™ê=∂#∞ºÅ‰õΩ Ô~·`«∞Å‰õΩ
*ˇ·Å∞ tHõΔÅ∞ [i=∂<åÅ∞ qkèOK«\Ïxfl =∂xÊOKå~°∞. xOk`«∞_»∞ `«Ñ¨C KÕâß_»x
~°∞A"≥#· @ì~Ú`Õ QÆÒ« Ö’ÖÏ [i=∂<å qkèOK«_®xfl `˘ÅyOKå~°∞. [i=∂<å ™⁄=Ú‡‰õΩ
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ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
|^Œ∞Å∞QÍ qkèOz# [i=∂<å ™⁄=Ú‡ "≥Ú`åÎxfl |\ì̃, „QÍ=∞ á⁄e"Õ∞~°Ö’¡ "≥ÚHõ¯Å#∞
<å\ÏÅx, P "≥ÚHõ¯Å‰õΩ ã¨„Hõ=∞OQÍ hà◊√§ áÈã¨∂Î, ÉÏQÍ ÃÑiˆQO`« =~°‰õΩ ãÖ~°HõΔ}
ÉÏ^èŒº`«Å#∞ <Õ~°ã¨∞÷_»∞ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOKåÅx 1792Ö’ PÜ«∞# âßã¨#O KÕ™ê~°∞.
D ÉÏ^èºŒ `«Å#∞ ã¨„Hõ=∞OQÍ x~°fiÇ≤Ïã¨∞<Î åfl~À ÖË^À Ñ¨~º° "ÕHOΔ˜ K«_®xH˜ „QÍ=∂kèHÍ~°∞Å#∞
xÜ«∞q∞OKå~°∞. D q#∂`«fl âßã¨#O, P âßã¨#O J=∞Å∞‰õΩ PÜ«∞# fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl
x~°∞ú+¨ì K«~°ºÅ =Å# „Ñ¨[Å∞ #+¨ìáÈÜÕ∞k Ug∞ ÖËHõ áÈQÍ "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å[ºO Ç¨Ïi`«
=#OQÍ =∂iOk. D q#∂`«fl tHΔÍ q^è•#O =Å#, "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å[ºOÖ’ Ç¨Ïi`«
qÑ¨¡=O qÅã≤e¡O^Œx \˜Ñ¨Ó‰õΩ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ `«$fÜ«∞ "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ Ü«Ú^ŒúOÖ’ áêÖÁæ#fl
„a\˜+π Ãã·<åºkèHÍi Edward Moore „Ñ¨`ÕºHõOQÍ ¿Ñ~˘¯#@O QÆ=∞<å~°›O.
~åÔH@∞ì >ˇHÍflÅrH˜ P^Œ∞º_»∞

„Ñ¨*Ï rq`åÅ#∞ „Ñ¨ÉèÏq`«O KÕÜ«∞QÆÅ Jxfl =º=ã¨÷Å Jaè=$kúH˜ \˜Ñ¨Ó Jq∞`«
„â◊^ŒÌK«∂áê~°∞. „Ñ¨ÑÖK«OÖ’ „Ñü Ñï}Ï=∂xfl PÜ«∞# PHõoOÑ¨Ù KÕã¨∞‰õΩO@∂, PÜ«∂
=∂~°∞ÊÅ∞–KÕ~∞° ÊÅ#∞ `«# ~å[ºOÖ’x „Ñ¨[Å "Õ∞Å∞ HÀãÖ =iÎOÑ¨KÜ Õ ∞« „Ñ¨Ü∞« uflOKå~°∞.
D "Õ∞~°‰Ωõ ÉèÏ~°`« ^ÕâO◊ Ö’ ~åÔH\ò >ˇHÍflÅrx Paè=$kú ÑïÛ LÑ¨Ü∂≥ yOz# „Ñ¨É∞íè =ÙQÍ
\˜ÑÓ¨ „Ñ¨`ºÕ Hõ`#« ∞ QÆ_Oç Kå~°∞. POˆQÜ
¡ Ú« Å`À ™êy# Ü«Ú^•úÅÖ’ PÜ«∞# Ü«Ú^Œú ~åÔH@¡#∞
ÉÏQÍ LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOKå~°∞. D Ü«Ú^Œú ~åÔH@¡ `«Ü«∂iH˜ ã¨fi^Õj Ñï*Ï˝<åxH˜ q^Õj
™êOˆHuHõ qÅ∞=Å#∞ *’_çOz q#∂fl`« Ü«Ú^Œú ~åÔH@¡#∞ PÜ«∞# Pq+¨¯iOÑ¨KÕâß~°∞.
D HÍ~°}OQÍ PÜ«∞# Ü«Ú^Œú ~åÔH@¡ P^Œ∞º_»∞QÍ MÏºuQÆ_çOKå~°∞. (Tipu Sulthan
was the pioneer of the missile Technology in India. - The Milli Gazette,
16-31, Jan. 2006 page. 9)
D Ü«Ú^Œú ~åÔH@∞ì#∞ ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ Ü«Ú^Œú ~åÔH@∞ì ( India's War Rocket) QÍ

ÑïQÆ}ÕKå~°∞. D ~åÔH@∞ì 2.4 H˜Ö’q∂@~°¡ ^Œ∂~°OÖ’ QÆÅ ÅHΔÍºxfl KèÕkOK«QÆeˆQk.
D ~åÔH@¡ `«Ü«∂i, qxÜ≥∂QÆO HÀãÖ PÜ«∞# „Ñ¨`ÕºHõOQÍ 1200 #∞O_ç 5 "ÕÅ
=∞Ok QÆÅ ~åÔH@∞ì ^Œà◊O U~åÊ@∞ KÕâß~°∞. D q+¨Ü«∂Å#∞ Prof. R.Narasimha
`«# "åºãÖ Tipus Contribution to Rocket Technology Ö’ q=iOKå~°∞. \˜Ñ¨Ó
Pq+¨¯iOz# D Ü«Ú^Œú ~åÔH@¡ q+¨Ü«∂xfl =∞# ~å„+¨ìÑü J|∞Öò HõÖÏO ‰õÄ_® „Ñ¨™êÎ
qã¨∂Î, „Ñ¨ÑÖK«OÖ’x „Ñ¨Ñ¨^äŒ=∞ Ü«Ú^Œú ~åÔH@∞ì#∞ \˜Ñ¨Ó ZÖÏ "å_»QÆeQÍ~°∞ ? (How
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Tipu Sulthan have led to the worlds first war Rocket?) JO@∂ Pâ◊Û~åºxfl
=ºHõÎO KÕâß~°∞.
„a\˜+¨~°¡`À ~årÖËx áÈ~å@O

z#fl<å@<Õ Jã¨=∂# ^è≥·~°º™êÇ¨Ï™êÅ`À, `«O„_çH˜ `«y# `«#Ü«Ú_»xÊOK«∞‰õΩ#fl
\˜Ñ¨Ó, z#fl =Ü«∞ã¨∞ûÖ’<Õ Ñ¨Å∞ q[Ü«∂Å#∞ ™êkèOKå~°∞. =∞ÅÉÏ~°∞ P„Hõ=∞}`À
„áê~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿ# P Ü«Ú^Œúg~°∞x q[Ü«∞Ñ¨~°OÑ¨~° J@∞ Dãπì WO_çÜ«∂ HõOÃÑh`À W@∞
ã¨fi^ÕjáêÅ‰õΩÖˇ·# x*ÏO, =∞~å~îåÅ`À áÈ~°∞KÕã¨∂Î =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ ™êyOk. z=i âßfiã¨
=~°‰Ωõ Dãπì WO_çÜ∂« áêÅ‰õΩÅ#∞ =∂`«$^ÕâO◊ #∞O_ç `«iq∞ "ÕÜ∞« \ÏxH˜ Jq„âßO`«OQÍ
áÈ~å_ç# UÔH·Hõ ã¨fi^Õj áêÅ‰õΩ_çQÍ \˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ z~°ã¨‡~°}©Ü«∞"≥∞ÿ# MÏºuQÍOKå~°∞.
`«O„_ç #∞O_ç ~å*ÏºkèHÍ~°O á⁄Ok# `«~°∞"å`« \˜Ñ¨Ó `«# ~å*Ïºxfl L`«Î~å# Hõ$ëê‚#k
#∞Oz, ^ŒH˜Δ}Ï# kO_çQÆÖò =~°‰õΩ JO>Ë ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 400 "≥∞ÿà◊√§ á⁄_»=Ù#, Ñ¨tÛ=∂#
=∞ÅÉÏ~°∞ #∞Oz, `«∂~°∞Ê# `«∂~°∞Ê Hõ#∞=∞Å =~°‰õΩ ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 300 "≥∞ÿà◊√§
qã¨ÎiOK«QÆeQÍ~°∞.
|ÅÑ¨_»∞`«∞#fl "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å*Ïºkè<Õ`« \˜Ñ¨Ó "≥·Éèí=„áêÉèí"åÅ#∞ K«∂ã≤ Jã¨∂Ü«∂
^ÕfiëêÅ`À ~°ye áÈ`«∞#fl x*ÏO #"å|∞, =∞~å~îåÅ∞ UHõO HÍ=@"Õ∞ HÍHõ \˜Ñ¨Ó‰õΩ
Ü«Ú^Œú~°OQÍ# \˜Ñ¨Ó Ãã·<åºÅ∞
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ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
=ºuˆ~HõOQÍ Dãπì WO_çÜ«∂ HõOÃÑh áêÅ‰õΩÅ`À KÕ`«∞Å∞ Hõeáê~°∞. \˜Ñ¨Ó#∞ ZÖÏÔQ·<å
`«∞^Œ=Ú\Õì KåÅx ‰õΩ„@Å∞ Ñ¨<åfl~°∞. "≥∞ãÿ ∂¨ ~°∞ ~å}˜ N=∞u ÅHõΔ ‡=∞‡ =∞~À"≥Ñ· Ù¨ HõOÃÑh
áêÅ‰õΩÅ`À KÕ`«∞Å∞ HõeÑ≤, \˜Ñ¨Ó#∞ ZÖÏÔQ·<å Ñ¨~å[Ü«∞O áêÖË˚ã≤ "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å*Ïºxfl
^ŒH¯˜ OK«∞HÀ"åÅ#fl ÅHõΔ ºO`À Dãπì WO_çÜ∂« HõOÃÑh JkèHÍ~°∞Å‰õΩ Pi÷HOõ QÍ ã¨Ç¨ Ü«∞O
JO^Œ*Ëã¨∂Î, \˜Ñ¨Ó#∞ ^≥|ƒ fÜ«∞_®xH˜ `«y# ã¨=∞Ü«∞O HÀãÖ Z^Œ∞~°∞ K«∂_»™êyOk.
D „Ñü‰õÄÅ "å`å=~°}OÖ’ "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å*Ïºxfl HÍáê_»∞HÀ=@"Õ∞ HÍ‰õΩO_®,
„a\©+¨~°¡ ~å[ºqã¨Î~°} HÍOHõΔ‰õΩ ã¨fi^Õj ãÖ™ê÷<åÅ∞ |e HÍ‰õΩO_® LO_Õ^Œ∞‰õΩ \˜Ñ¨Ó
â◊`« q^è•Å „Ñ¨Ü«∞uflOKå~°∞.
„Ñ¨[Å‰õΩ, ¿ãfiK«Ûù‰õΩ x["≥∞ÿ# â◊`«$=ÙÅ∞ POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ#fl "åã¨Î"åxfl „QÆÇ≤ÏOz#
UÔHH· õ ã¨fi^Õj áêÅ‰õΩ_»∞ \˜ÑÓ¨ . P "åã¨"Î åxfl =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ „QÆÇÏ≤ OKå~°∞ ‰õ#∞‰õΩ P`«~∞° "å`«
„a\©+¨~°¡`À áÈ~å_ç# ™êfi`«O„`«º ã¨=∞~°Ü≥∂^èŒ∞Å‰õΩ PÜ«∞# =∂~°æ^Œi≈ PÜ«∂º~°∞. (He
was the only ruler who felt that the English are real enemies of people
and freedom. He guided freedom fighters. - K.C. Menon, The Hindustan
Times 16-11-1985)
„a\©+¨~°¡ Ñ¨@¡ JO`«\ ˜ â◊`«$`«fiO =Ç≤ÏOKå~°∞ HÍ|>Ëì, PÜ«∞#O>Ë POˆQ¡Ü«∞
K«i„`«HÍ~°∞Å‰õΩ \˜ÑÓ¨ JO>Ë P„QÆÇÏ¨ O. HõOÃÑh áêÅ‰õΩÅ∞ =∂„`«"∞Õ HÍ‰õΩO_® WOQÍ¡O_»∞
Ö’x ™ê=∂#º „Ñ¨[Å∞ \˜Ñ¨Ó ¿Ñ~°∞ q#_®xH˜ ‰õÄ_® W+¨ìÑ¨_Õ"å~°∞ HÍ~°∞. P HÍÅOÖ’
POˆQ¡Ü«∞ =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞ U_»∞ã¨∞Î#fl `«=∞ a_»¤Å#∞ ã¨=Ú^•~ÚOK«_®xH˜ \˜Ñ¨C =zÛ
Ñ¨@∞ì‰õΩáÈ`å_»∞ Jx ÉèíÜ«∞Ã Ñ>Ëì "å~°x „Ñ¨fk.
ã¨fi^Õj L=∞‡_ç ‰õÄ@q∞H˜ z=iHõO\Ï „Ñ¨Ü«∞fl`«O
„a\©+¨~°¡ #∞O_ç ã¨fi^Õj áêÅ‰õΩÅ‰õΩ á⁄OzÜ«Ú#fl ÃÑ#∞ „Ñ¨=∂^•xfl „QÆÇ≤ÏOz#
áêÅ‰õΩ_çQÍ, PÜ«∞# ZO`«QÍ POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ#∞ =ºuˆ~HÕKå_À, JO`«QÍ ã¨fi^ÕjÜ«ÚÅ
L=∞‡_ç „Ñ¨Ü≥∂[<åÅ HÀãÖ, ã¨fi^Õj áêÅ‰õΩÅ ã¨=∂Yº#∞ U~åÊ@∞ KÕ¿ãO^Œ∞‰õΩ
„Ñ¨Ü«∞uflOKå~°∞. PÜ«∞# U<å_»∂ „a\©+¨~°∞¡`À KÕ`«∞Å∞ HõeÑ≤ ã¨fi^Õj áêÅ‰õΩÅ‰õΩ
=ºuˆ~HõOQÍ =º=Ç¨ÏiOK«ÖË^Œ∞. POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ‰õΩ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ ã¨fi^Õj áêÅ‰õΩÅ‰õΩ
#K«Û*ˇ¿ÑÊO^Œ∞‰õΩ Z<Àfl™ê~°∞¡ „Ñ¨Ü«∞uflOKå~°∞. ‰õΩ„@Å`À, ‰õΩÜ«Ú‰õΩÎÅ`À J@∞ x*ÏO,
W@∞ =∞~å~îåÅ∞ \˜Ñ¨Ó g∞^Œ Hõ`«∞ÎÅ∞ ^Œ∂ã¨∞Î<åfl, PÜ«∞# =∂„`«O P ã¨fi^Õj áêÅ‰õΩÅ
¿ãflÇ¨xfl HÍOH˜ΔOKå~°∞. ã¨fi^Õj áêÅ‰õΩÅ`À Hõeã≤ q^Õj â◊„`«∞=Ù q∂^Œ ~°}ÉèËix
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24
„"≥∂yOK«\ÏxH˜ =ÓºÇ¨Ï ~°K«# KÕâß~°∞. D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ ã¨fi^Õj áêÅ‰õΩÅ`À ãÖ|O^è•Å#∞
Ñ¨\ ˜+¨ìO KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ J@∞ <≥·*ÏO áêÅ‰õΩÅ`À, W@∞ =∞~å~îåÅ`À Ñ¨Å∞ =∂~°∞¡
ãÖ„Ñ¨kOÑ¨ÙÅ∞ [iáê~°∞. x*ÏO ‰õΩ@∞O|O`À q"åÇ¨Ï ãÖ|O^è•Å U~åÊ@∞‰õΩ ‰õÄ_®
PÜ«∞# „Ñüáê^Œ#Å∞ ÑÖáê~°∞. `«=∞ ã¨fiO`« „Ñ¨Ü≥∂[<åÅ∞ `«Ñ¨Ê, x™êfi~°÷^Œ$+≤ìÖËx
ã¨fi^Õj áêÅ‰õΩÅ∞ \˜Ñ¨Ó „Ñüáê^Œ#Å#∞ „`Àã≤Ñ¨ÙKåÛ~°∞.
P~ÀA \˜Ñ¨Ó „Ñüáê^Œ#Å#∞ qx ã¨fi^ÕjáêÅ‰õΩÅ ã¨=∂Yº U~åÊ@∞‰õΩ
JOwHõiOz LO>Ë ÉèÏ~°`« ^Õâ◊ K«i„`« =∞~˘~°HõOQÍ LO_Õk. D q+¨Ü«∂xfl \˜Ñ¨Ó#∞
Ñ¨~ål`«∞_çfl KÕã≤# QÆ=~°fl~ü [#~°Öò "≥Å¡ã‘ ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕK«@O qâı+Ö. P<å_»∞
\˜Ñ¨Ó =∂@#∞ ™êfi~°÷Ñ¨~°∞Öˇ·# ã¨fi^Õj áêÅ‰õΩÅ∞ q#ÖË^Œ∞ HÍx, qx L#fl@ì~Ú`Õ D
QÆ_»¤g∞^Œ =∂‰õΩ („a\©+¨~°¡‰õΩ) xÅ∞= h_» ‰õÄ_® LO_Õk HÍ^Œ∞ , Jx J<åfl_»∞. D
=ºuˆ~Hõ Ñïã≤÷`«∞Å#∞ \˜Ñ¨Ó KåÖÏ KåHõK«HõºOQÍ Z^Œ∞~˘¯<åfl~°∞. |Ç≤Ï~°æ`«–JO`«~°æ`«
â◊`«$=ÙÅ#∞ ^•~°∞}OQÍ ^≥|ƒfã≤ PkèHõº`«#∞ xÅ∞Ñ¨Ù‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
\˜Ñ¨Ó JkèHÍ~°O KÕÑ¨@ìQÍ<Õ Ãã·xHõ =º=ã¨÷#∞ P^èŒ∞hHõiOKå~°∞. P^èŒ∞xHõ
PÜ«Ú^è•Å#∞, P PÜ«Ú^è•Å#∞ LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOKÕ Ñ¨^ŒÌ`«∞Å#∞, PO^Œ∞‰õΩ J#∞QÆ∞}OQÍ
Ãã·xHõ =ÓºÇ¨ÅÖ’ =∂~°∞ÊÅ#∞ „Ñ¨"Õâ◊ ÃÑ\Ïì~°∞. "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å[ºÅH˜Δ ‡ K«∞@∂ì`«
HÍK«∞‰õÄ¯~°∞Ûx L#fl â◊`$« =ÙÅ =¸ÅOQÍ U~°Ê_ç# „Ñ¨`ºÕ Hõ Ñïã≤`÷ ∞« Å =Å#, PHõã‡≤ HõOQÍ
â◊`«$=ÙÅ∞ ^•_ç KÕ¿ãÎ "åiH˜ ã¨Ô~·# suÖ’ |∞kú K≥¿ÑÊO^Œ∞‰õΩ, U HõΔ}Ï<≥·fl<å â◊`«$=Ù
q∂^Œ ~°}ÉèËi „"≥∂yOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ Ãã·<åºxfl ã¨~°fiã≤^ŒúOQÍ LOKå~°∞. D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ Ãã·<åºÅ#∞
PÜ«∞# „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ Ñ¨~°º"ÕHõΔ}Ö’ fiÛ k^•Ì~°∞. q^Õj q*Ï˝<åxfl ã¨=∞‰õÄ~°∞Û‰õΩx, P
q*Ï˝<åxH˜ ã¨fi^Õj *Ï˝<åxfl *’_çOz PÜ«Ú^è•Å#∞ `«Ü∂« ~°∞ KÕ~ÚOKå~°∞. P PÜ«Ú^è•Å
LÑ¨Ü≥∂yOK«@OÖ’ Ãã·x‰õΩÅ‰õΩ „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ tHõΔ} WÑ≤ÊOKå~°∞.
\˜ÑÓ¨ Ããx· Hõ áê@"åxfl QÆ=∞xOz# William Mc Taud \˜ÑÓ¨ XHõ¯_Õ P<å_»∞
Ãã·<åºxfl K«Hõ¯x Ñ¨^äŒHõO „Ñ¨HÍ~°OQÍ tHõΔ} WzÛ fiÛkkÌ# áêÅ‰õΩ_»x (Tipu was
the only ruler who trained his army in a well planned manner).
H˘xÜ«∂_®_»∞. D `«~°Ç¨Ö’<Õ „a\©+π Ãã·<åºkèHÍi Compbell "åºMÏºxã¨∂Î Pã≤Ü«∂
Ö’x q∞ye# ~å*ÏºÅÖ’x Ãã··xHõ =º=ã¨÷Å HõO>ˇ \˜Ñ¨Ó Ãã·xHõ =º=ã¨÷ KåÖÏ L#fl`«
"≥∞ÿ#^Œx (Tipus milatary organisation was better than those of all other
regimes in Asia) J<åfl_»∞. \˜Ñ¨Ó`À ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ áÈ~å_ç# Lord Cornwallias
=∂\Ï¡_»∞`«∂, \˜Ñ¨Ó Ãã·#ºO „Ñ¨ÑÖK«OÖ’x J`«∞º`«Î=∞ Ãã·<åºÅÖ’ XHõ@x (Tipu's
45
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
army was one of the best in the world) „Ñ¨â◊Oã≤OKå_»∞. PÑ¶¨∞"Õ∞Ñ¶¨∂Å q∂^Œ
`«~e° =KÕÛ \˜ÑÓ¨ JtfiHõ^àŒ O◊ â◊HÎ˜ ™ê=∞~å÷ºÅ∞ POˆQÜ
¡ Ú« Å#∞ Pâ◊≈~°ºK«H`˜ ∞« efl KÕâß~Ú.
â◊`«$ Ãã·<åºÅ q∂^Œ "≥∞~°∞Ñ¨Ù^•_»∞Å∞ ™êyOKÕ Jtfi‰õΩÅ „áêg}Ïºxfl |Ç¨ïq^è•Å
„Ñ¨â◊Oã≤OKå~°∞. D q+¨Ü«∞"≥∞ÿ POˆQ¡Ü«∂kèHÍi Alexander Dow „Ñ¨™êÎqã¨∂Î, \˜Ñ¨Ó
ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ JtfiHõ ^ŒàÏÅ∞ HÀ@ QÀ_»Å#∞ ‰õÄ_® J`«ºO`« ã¨∞<åÜ«∂ãÖQÍ ^•@@O
K«∂ã¨∞ÎO>Ë PÜ«∞# JâßfiÅ∞ Ô~Hõ¯Å∞ HõeyÜ«Ú<åflÜ«∞#fl ÉèíÜ«∞O HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞O^Œx ('..
we are alramed as if his horses had wings to fly over our walls..') Jx
J<åfl_»∞.
D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ \˜Ñ¨Ó q∞„`«∞Å∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ HÍ‰õΩO_® PÜ«∞#`À #∞"åfi ? <Õ<å ?
Jx `«ÅÑ¨_ç# POˆQ¡Ü«∂kèHÍ~°∞Å∞, PÜ«∞# JO>Ë y@ìx Ñ¨Å∞=Ù~°∞ K«i„`«HÍ~°∞Å∞
‰õÄ_® \˜Ñ¨Ó â◊H˜Î ™ê=∞~å÷ºÅ#∞ H˘xÜ«∂_»Hõ `«Ñ¨Êx Ñïã≤÷ux K«∂¿ãÎ, Ü«Ú^Œú`«O„`«
xÑ¨Ù}∞_çQÍ \˜Ñ¨Ó ZO`« â◊H˜Î=O`«∞_À J=QÆ`«=∞=Ù`«∞Ok.
=∞Å∞Ñ¨ÙÅ∞ uÑ≤Ê# "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ Ü«Ú^•úÅ∞
Dãπì WO_çÜ«∂ HõOÃÑh áêÅ‰õΩÅ`À, ™êfi~°÷Ñ¨~°∞Öˇ·# ã¨fiˆ^j áêÅ‰õΩÅ`À
Ñ¨Å∞ áÈ~å\ÏÅ∞ KÕã≤<å, „a\©+π Ãã·xHõ ‰õÄ@q∞`À \˜Ñ¨Ó `«O„_ç ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~ü, \˜Ñ¨Ó KÕã≤#
„Ñ¨^•è # áÈ~å\ÏÅ∞ "≥∞ãÿ ∂¨ ~°∞ Ü«Ú^•úÅ∞ QÍ K«i„`«Ö’ „Ñ¨`ºÕ Hõ`#« ∞ ãÖ`«iOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~Ú.
D Ü«Ú^•úÅÖ’ "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ Ô~O_çO\˜x \˜Ñ¨Ó, ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~ü Jb HõÅã≤ KÕÜ«∞QÍ, z=i Ô~O_»∞
\˜Ñ¨Ó ™êyOz#q. D Kåi„uHõ Ü«Ú^•úÅÖ’ "≥∞^Œ\ ˜ Ô~O_»∞ Ü«Ú^•úÅ∞ \˜Ñ¨Ó‰õΩ
J#∞‰õÄÅOQÍ Ñï}q∞OK«QÍ, z=i Ô~O_»∞ „Ñü‰õÄÅ=∞Ü«∂º~Ú. \˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£‰õΩ
„Ñü‰õÄÅOQÍ ™êy# D Ô~O_»∞ Ü«Ú^•úÅ∞ =∂„`«O ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊O „Hõ=∞OQÍ „a\©+¨~°¡
ÃÑ`«Î#OÖ’H˜ *Ïs áÈ_®xH˜ ÉÏ@Å∞ "Õâß~Ú. D áÈ~å\ÏÅ∞ \˜Ñ¨Ó áêe@ âßáêÅ∞QÍ
=∂~°@O`À „a\©+¨~°∞¡ D QÆ_»¤ q∂^Œ ã≤÷~°Ñ¨_ç, `«=∞ Ñ¨@∞ì#∞ ayOK«QÆeQÍ~°∞.
„Ñ¨^äŒ=∞ "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ Ü«Ú^ŒúŒÌO (176–69)

„Ñ¨^äŒ=∞ "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ Ü«Ú^ŒúOÖ’ ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~ü Jb =∂~°æ^Œ~°≈Hõ`«fiÖ’ „a\©+¨~°¡, =Åã¨
áêÅ‰õΩÅ‰õΩ =∞^ŒÌ`«∞ ÑëH˜# ã¨fi^Õj â◊‰õΩÎÅ∞ x*ÏO, =∞~å\ÏÅ‰õΩ |∞kú K≥¿ÑÊO^Œ∞‰õΩ
™êyOKå~°∞. D áÈ~å@OÖ’ \˜Ñ¨Ó <Õ`«$`«fiOÖ’x ¿ã#Å∞ J„ÑüÇ¨Ï`«OQÍ =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ
™êQÍ~Ú. P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ \˜Ñ¨Ó =Ü«∞ã¨∞û 17 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ∞. 1769 =∂iÛ =∂ãÖÖ’
46
25
^ŒHõΔ} ÉèÏ~°`« ^Õâ◊OÖ’ Dãπì WO_çÜ«∂ HõOÃÑhH˜ „Ñ¨^è•# ˆHO„^Œ"≥∞ÿ# =∞„^•ã¨∞‰õΩ 5
"≥∞ÿà◊§ ^Œ∂~°O =~°‰õΩ "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å[º ¿ã#Å∞ =zÛ KÕ~å~Ú. D =ºuˆ~Hõ Ñï}Ï=∂Å`À
Ç¨Ï_»ÖˇuÎ# POQÆ¡ ¿ã#Å∞, POˆQ¡Ü«∂kèHÍ~°∞Å∞ HõHÍqHõÅÜ«∂º~°∞.
D Ü«Ú^ŒúOÖ’, 1763 <å\˜ |Hõû~ü Ü«Ú^ŒúÌOÖ’ q∂~ü MÏtO, ëê PÅO,
+¨μ*Ï=Ù^ÒÌÖÏ ÖÏO\˜ ã¨fi^Õj áêÅ‰õΩÅ ãÖÜ«ÚHõÎ ¿ã#Å ‰õÄ@q∞x Ñ¨~ål`«∞Å#∞ KÕã≤
q*Ë`«QÍ H˜s@O ^èŒiOz# POˆQ¡Ü«∂kèHÍi Sir Hector Munro ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~ü Jb, \˜Ñ¨ÓÅ
Ñ¨~å„Hõ=∂xH˜ qã¨∞ÎáÈ`«∂ „|u‰õΩO>Ë |Å∞™ê‰õΩ ux rqOK«=K«Ûx HõOr=~°OÖ’x
K≥~°∞=ÙÖ’ PÜ«Ú^è•Å#∞ áêˆ~ã≤ „|`«∞‰õΩ r=Ù_® JO@∂ áêiáÈÜ«∂_»∞. (TIPU SUL-
TAN : HIS VISION AND MISSION, By Prof. B. Sheik Ali, Published in Radi-
ance Views Weekly 1-7 August 1999, Page. 15)
D Ñï}Ï=∂Å =¸ÅOQÍ Dãπì WO_çÜ«∂ HõOÃÑh „Ñü+¨ì kQÆ*Ïi, HõOÃÑh
¿+~°¡ ^è~Œ ° 275 #∞O_ç 222‰õΩ Ñ¨_áç È~ÚOk.( Eminent Muslim Freedom Fighers,
G.Allana, Page 58) WO_ç Ü « ∂ Ö’x Ñ¨ Å ∞ „áêO`åÅ#∞ P„Hõ q ∞OK« ∞ ‰õ Ω O@∂
JÑïq∞`«"≥∞ÿ# ãÖÑ¨^Œ#∞ áÈˆQã¨∞‰õΩO@∞#fl Dãπì WO_çÜ«∂ HõOÃÑhH˜ =∞„^•ã¨∞Ö’
ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~ü Jb HõeÊOz# Ñ¨~å[Ü«∞O Jâ◊xáê`«"≥∞ÿOk. D Ñ¨~å[Ü«∞O ÅO_»<£ ™êìH±
=∂Ô~¯@∞ìÖ’ ãÖHΔÀÉèÏxH˜ HÍ~°}O HÍ=@"Õ∞ HÍ‰õΩO_®, ''q∂~°∞ TÇ≤ÏOK«#Åq HÍx
Hõëê¡#∞ `≥zÛÃÑ\Ïì~°∞. "å\˜ #∞O_ç |Ü«∞@Ñ¨_»@O ZÖÏáÈ J~°÷O HÍ=@O ÖË^Œ∞—— Jx
HõOÃÑh Court of Directors "åáÈÜ«∂~°∞. (" ..You have brought us into such
a labyrinth of difficulties, that we do not see how we shall be extricated
from them.",) q∞=∞‡efl "åºáê~°O HÀãÖ ÑÖáêO. Ç≤ÏO^Œ∂™ê÷<£Ö’x ~å*ÏºÅ
=º=Ç¨~åÅÖ’ áêÖÁæ<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ HÍ^Œ∞, ( ...it is not for the Company to take the
part of umpries of Indostan..) Jx HõOÃÑh JkèHÍ~°∞Å#∞ ÃÇÏK«ÛiOKå~°∞. D
"Õ∞~°‰õΩ WOQÍ¡O_»∞ #∞O_ç HõOÃÑh áêÅ‰õΩÅ #∞O_ç ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊OÖ’x P HõOÃÑh
JkèHÍ~°∞Å‰õΩ f„= ÃÇÏK«ÛiHõÅ∞ *Ïs JÜ«∂ºÜ«∞O>Ë WOQÍ¡O_»∞ QÆ∞O_≥Ö’¡ \˜Ñ¨Ó,
ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~ü Jb ZO`«\ ˜ ÉèíÜ≥∂`åÊ`«O HõeyOKå~À J~°÷O KÕã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û. (An Advanced
History of India, by RC Majumdar and others, Macmillan, 1996 Page
675)
D q^èŒOQÍ Ñ¶¨∞’~° Ñ¨~å[Ü«∂xfl K«qK«∂ã≤# POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ∞ "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å*Ïºkè
<Õ`«Å Ñ¨~å„Hõ=∂xH˜ `«Å"˘yæ 1769Ö’ =∞„^•ã¨∞ ãÖkè KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. D ãÖkè
47
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
„Ñ¨HÍ~°OQÍ "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å[ºO q∂^Œ Z=Ô~·<å ^•_»∞Å∞ [iÑ≤`Õ HõOÃÑh ¿ã#Å∞ "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞
~å[º Ãã·<åºÅ‰õΩ JO_»^ŒO_»Å∞ WKÕÛO^Œ∞‰õΩ JOwHõiOKå~Ú. D ãÖkè`À „Ñ¨^äŒ=∞
"≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ Ü«Ú^ŒúO "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å[ºO Ñ¨HΔÍ# q[Ü«∞=O`«OQÍ =Úyã≤Ok.
Ô~O_»= "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ Ü«Ú^ŒúO (1780–84)

1771Ö’ "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å[ºO q∂^Œ =∞~å~îåÅ∞ ^•_»∞Å∞ „áê~°OaèOKå~°∞. P
^•_»∞Å#∞ Z^Œ∞~˘¯O@∞#fl ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~ü JbH˜ =∞„^•ã¨∞ ãÖkè X_»O|_çHõ „Ñ¨HÍ~°O HõOÃÑh
¿ã#Å∞ "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ¿ã#Å‰õΩ JO_»QÍ xÅ"åe. JO^Œ∞‰õΩ aè#flOQÍ HõOÃÑh ¿ã#Å∞
=∞~å~îåÅ Ñ¨HõΔO =Ç≤Ïã¨∂Î X_»O|_çHõ‰õΩ aè#flOQÍ „Ñ¨=iÎOKå~Ú. P `«~°∞"å`« "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞
~å[º ÑïkäÖ’ QÆÅ „ÃÑ¶Oz "åi ™ê÷=~°O =∂¿ÇÏ #∞ POQÆ¡¿ã#Å∞ P„Hõq∞OKå~Ú. D
LÅ¡OÑ¶¨∞# ã¨Ç≤ÏOK«x ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~ü Jb 1780 EÖˇ· =∂ãÖÖ’ Ü«Ú^ŒúO „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕKå~°∞. D
Ü«Ú^ŒOú Ö’ `«O„_ç ÃÇÏ· ^Œ~ü Jb`À HõÅã≤ \˜ÑÓ¨ „Ñ¨^•è # áê„`« áÈ+≤OKå~°∞. D ãÖ^Œ~ƒ° OQÍ
POˆQÜ ¡ ∂« kèHÍ~°∞Å∞ Col. Baillie, Sir Eyre Coote, Col Briath "≥∞ãÿ ∂¨ ~°∞ ~å*Ïºkè<`Õ Å«
KÕ`«∞Ö’¡ Ñ¨~åÉèí"åxfl Z^Œ∞~À¯"åeû =zÛOk. \˜Ñ¨Ó PÜ«∞# `«O„_ç ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~ü JbÅ
<Õ`$« `«fiOÖ’ „Hõ=∞OQÍ qãïÎ ã¨∂,Î |Ö’¿Ñ`«O J=Ù`«∞#fl "≥∞ãÿ ∂¨ ~°∞ ~å[º „Ñ¨QuÆ x |∂zQÍ
K«∂Ñ≤ x*ÏO, ÉË~°∂~°∞ ~åA, =∂^èŒ=r ã≤OkèÜ«∂Å`À ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~ü Jb U~åÊ@∞ KÕã≤#
ã¨fi^Õj áêÅ‰õΩÅ ‰õÄ@q∞x ‰õΩ\˜Å hu`À POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ∞ qzÛù#O KÕâß~°∞.
ã¨fi^Õj áêÅ‰õΩÅ ‰õÄ@q∞ qzÛù#fl"≥∞ÿ#Ñ¨Ê\˜H˜, ã¨fi^Õj áêÅ‰õΩÅ∞ Ñ¨~å~Ú
"åà◊§ ÑÖK«KiÕ â◊`$« `«fiO „Ñ¨H\õ O˜ z#Ñ¨Ê\˜H˜ ÃÇÏ· ^Œ~ü Jb, \˜ÑÓ¨ ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<Å£ ∞ Ñ¨~å„Hõq∞ã¨∂Î
POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ#∞ Ñ¨~ål`«∞Å#∞ KÕÜ«∞™êQÍ~°∞. Ô~O_»= "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ Ü«Ú^ŒúO H©ÅHõ ^Œâ◊Ö’
LO_»QÍ 1782 _çÃãO|~°∞ 7= `Õn# ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~ü Jb Ü«Ú^ŒúÌ ~°OQÆOÖ’ =∞~°}ÕKå~°∞.
D "å~°Î \˜Ñ¨ÓH˜ JO^Õ <å\˜H˜ PÜ«∞# =∞ÅÉÏ~°∞ f~å# HõÅflÖò Ç¨ÏO|~ü
™Èì<£#∞ `«iq∞ H˘_»∞`«∞<åfl~°∞. `«O„_ç Hõ#∞fl=¸ã≤# "å~°Î q#fl \˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨`«fi~°"Õ∞
N~°OQÆÑ¨@flO KÕ~°∞‰õΩx, 1782 _çÃãO|~ü =∂ãÖÖ’ "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å[ºÅH˜;x KÕ|\˜ì#
\˜Ñ¨Ó, "≥∞ÿã¨∂~ü ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ JÜ«∂º~°∞.
`«O„_ç ÃÇÏ· ^Œ~ü Jb J_»∞QÆ∞*Ï_»ÅÖ’ \˜ÑÓ¨ ‰õÄ_® POˆQÜ ¡ Ú« Å‰õΩ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ
=ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ ™êQÍ~°∞. ã¨fi^Õj QÆ_»¤ q∂^Œ q^ÕjÜ«ÚÅ á⁄_» ‰õÄ_® ã¨Ç≤ÏOK«x \˜Ñ¨Ó
„a\©+π â◊‰õΩÎÅ#∞ `«iq∞H˘>ËìO^Œ∞‰õΩ „Ñü# Ñ¨Ó<å_»x E.Marsden J#∞ POˆQ¡Ü«∞
48
26
K«i„`«HÍ~°∞_»∞ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl_»∞.(He hated the English and had openly vowed
that he would someday drive them out of India - History of India By
E.Marsden, Macmillan, London, 1944 Page157). D Ü«Ú^ŒúOÖ’ \˜Ñ¨Ó
Brigadiar Mathews #∞ 1783Ö’ |OkèOKå~°∞. „Ñ¨^äŒ=∞ "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ Ü«Ú^ŒúOÖ’ÖÏ
~Ô O_»= "≥∞ãÿ ∂¨ ~°∞ Ü«Ú^ŒOú Ö’ ‰õÄ_® KÕ^∞Œ J#∞Éè"í åÅ#∞ K«qK«∂ã≤# HõOÃÑh JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞
\˜Ñ¨Ó`À ãÖkèKÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. 1784 =∂iÛ =∂ãÖÖ’ W~°∞Ñ¨HΔÍÅ =∞^èŒº =∞OQÆà◊¥~°∞
ãÖkè (Treaty of Mangalore) ‰õΩkiOk.
D Ô~O_»∞ Ü«Ú^•úÅ∞ "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ áêÅ‰õΩÅ‰õΩ J#∞‰õÄÅOQÍ ™êQÆQÍ, HõOÃÑh
JkèHÍ~°∞Å "≥∞_»Å∞ =Oz `«=∞ +¨~°`«∞Å‰õΩ J#∞QÆ∞}OQÍ X_»O|_çHõÅ∞ ~°∂á⁄OkOz
JkèÑ¨`«ºO Kå@∞‰õΩx \˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ `«=∞k ÃÑ· KÕ~ÚQÍ x~°∂Ñ≤OK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
=¸_»= "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ Ü«Ú^ŒúO (1790–92)

u~°∞"å#∂¯~°∞ ãÖ™ê÷<ånèâ◊√x`À \˜Ñ¨Ó‰õΩ =zÛ# q"å^ŒO ™ê‰õΩQÍ, XÑ¨ÊO
^•xfl LÅ¡OÑ¶≤∞Oz POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ∞ \˜Ñ¨Ó#∞ Ô~K«ÛQ˘\˜ì# HÍ~°}OQÍ =¸_»= "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞
Ü«Ú^ŒúO 1790 "Õ∞ =∂ãÖÖ’ P~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿOk. (Lord Coronwallis forced Teepu
by violating the treaty " to Produce war with that Prince " - History of
Freedom Movement in India, Vol. 2, Tara Chand, Govt. Of India Publi-
cations, New Delhi 1992, Page. 226)
D Ü«Ú^ŒúO Ô~O_»∞ ãÖ=`«û~åÅ∞ ™êyOk. POˆQ¡Ü«∂kèHÍi Major Gen-
eral Medows <Õ`$« `«fiOÖ’ P~°OÉè" í ∞≥ ÿ D Ü«Ú^ŒOú `˘e ^ŒâÖ◊ ’ \˜ÑÓ¨ q[Ü«∞ Ñ¨~O° Ñ¨~°
™êyOk. Ñ¨~ål`«∞_≥#· Major General Medows F ^Œâ◊Ö’ Ñ¨~åÉèí"åxfl ÉèíiOK«ÖËHõ
P`«‡Ç¨Ï`«º‰õΩ LÑ¨„Hõq∞OKå_»∞. Dãπì WO_çÜ«∂ HõOÃÑh x^èŒ∞Å∞ ‰õÄ_® KåÖÏ
HõiyáÈÜ«∂~Ú. D ^Œâ◊Ö’ Ü«Ú^Œú ~°OQÍ# \˜Ñ¨Ó J^Œ∞ƒù`« <≥·Ñ¨Ù}ºO =∞iÜ«Ú
Z`«∞ÎQÆ_»Å#∞ J#∞ãïOKå~°x, JO^Œ∞‰õΩ n@∞QÍ `«# JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞ =º=Ç¨ÏiOK«ÖËHõ
áÈÜ«∂~°x ÉèÏqOz# ÖÏ~ü¤ HÍ~°<£"åeãπ (Lord Cornwallis) ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ
Ü«Ú^Œú~°OQÆ„Ñ¨"Õâ◊O KÕâß_»∞. 1791 [#=iÖ’ J`«#∞ „a\©+π Ãã·xHõ ‰õÄ@q∞
<åÜ«∞Hõ`«fi ÉÏ^èŒº`«Å#∞ KÕÑ¨\Ïì_»∞.
\˜Ñ¨Ó =ºuˆ~Hõ â◊‰õΩÎÅ‰õΩ Pâ◊Å∞ K«∂ÃÑ\˜ì, ÉèíÜ«∞O HõeæOz \˜Ñ¨Ó‰õΩ ^Œ∂~°O
KÕÜ«∞@"Õ∞HÍ‰õΩO_® ÖÏ~ü¤ HÍ~°<£"åeãπ `«#‰õΩ J#∞‰õÄÅO KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl_»∞. D "å`å
=~°}OÖ’ =∞iO`« L`åûÇ¨ÏO`À \˜Ñ¨Ó#∞ Ñ¨~ål`«∞_çfl KÕÜ«∞ ãÖHõeÊOz# ã¨fi^Õj
49
ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
Ü«Ú^Œú #+¨ìÑïÇ¨~°OQÍ \˜Ñ¨Ó `«#Ü«ÚÅ Ñ¨ÓpHõ`«∞Î

áêÅ‰õΩÅ∞ "≥∞ãÿ ∂¨ ~°∞ ~å[ºO q∂^Œ q~°∞K«∞HõÑ_¨ ®¤~∞° . ÉèÏsQÍ |ÅQÍÅ#∞ ã¨=∞‰õÄ~°∞Û‰õΩx
"Õ∞ =∂ãÖ <å\˜H˜ N~°OQÆÑ¨\ÏflxH˜ `˘q∞‡k "≥∞ÿà◊§ ã¨q∂áêxH˜ KÕ~°∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ \˜Ñ¨Ó áêO_çKÕÛiÖ’ L<åfl~°∞. D q+¨Ü«∞O `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ#fl
PÜ«∞# PÑ¶¨∞"Õ∞Ñ¶¨∂Å q∂^Œ N~°OQÆÑ¨@flO HõkÖÏ~°∞. P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ =~å¬Å∞ P~°OÉèíO
HÍ=@O`À HÍ~°<£"åeãπ `å`å¯eHõOQÍ Ü«Ú^Œú ~°OQÆO #∞O_ç `«Ñ¨C‰õΩ<åfl_»∞. 1792
[#=i <å\˜H˜ ÖÏ~ü¤ HÍ~°<£"åeãπ N~°OQÆÑ¨\ÏflxH˜ uiy KÕ~°∞‰õΩx Jxfl "≥·Ñ¨ÙÅ #∞O_ç
"≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å[º ~å[^è•xx K«∞@∞ì=Ú\Ïì_»∞. HõOÃÑh ¿ã#Å∞ ~å„uÑ¨Ó@ \˜Ñ¨Ó |ÅQÍÅ
q∂^Œ q~°∞K«∞‰õΩÑ¨_®¤~Ú. =∞~À"≥·Ñ¨Ù# ã¨fi^Õj áêÅ‰õΩÅ∞, áêÖˇQÍà◊√§ UHõ"≥∞ÿ \˜Ñ¨Ó#∞
K«∞@∞ì=Ú\Ïì~∞° . ÉèÜ í ∂« #Hõ Ü«Ú^ŒOú [iyOk. D „Ñü‰õÄÅ Ñïã≤`÷ ∞« ÅÖ’ N~°OQÆÑ@¨ flO
HÀ@Ö’H˜ \˜Ñ¨Ó x„+¨¯q∞OKå~°∞. â◊`«$Ãã·<åºÅ ‰õÄ@q∞`À HÍ~°<£"åeãπ HÍ"Õi #kx
^•\˜ HÀ@ ã¨g∞áêxH˜ KÕ~°∞‰õΩ<åfl_»∞. N~°OQÆO HÀ@#∞ Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ kQÆƒO^èŒ#O KÕâß_»∞.P
Ñïã≤÷`«∞Å∞ \˜Ñ¨Ó‰õΩ „Ñ¨=∂^ŒHõ~°OQÍ Ñï}q∞OKå~Ú.
QÆ`«ºO`«~°O ÖËx Ü«Ú^Œú "å`å=~°}OÖ’ â◊`«$=Ù |ÅQÍÅ∞, â◊`«$=Ù‰õΩ `À_»∞QÍ
xÅz# ã¨fi^ÕjáêÅ‰õΩÅ Jáê~° Ãã·xHõ |$O^•Å#∞ QÆ=∞xOz# \˜Ñ¨Ó Ü«Ú^Œú
Ñ¨~°º=™ê<åxfl TÇ≤ÏOKå~°∞. Jxfl q^è•Å∞QÍ ÃÑ· KÕ~ÚÖ’ L#fl â◊„`«∞Ñ¨HõΔO ÃÑK«Ûie¡`Õ
"≥∞ãÿ ∂¨ ~°∞ ~å[ºÅH©Δ ‡ Ñ¨~å~ÚáêÅ∞ HÍQÆÅ^Œx PÜ«∞# JOK«<å "Õâß~°∞. D ãÖ^Œ~ƒ° Où QÍ
„Ñ¨[Å ãÖˆHΔ=∞O xq∞`«ÎO PÜ«∞# ãÖkèH˜ ã≤^ŒúÑ¨_®¤~°∞. POˆQ¡Ü«∂kèHÍ~°∞Å∞,
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27
=Åã¨áêÅ‰õΩÅ‰õΩ `˘`«∞ÎÅ∞QÍ =∂i# ã¨fiˆ^j áêÅ‰õΩÅ∞ ãÖkè +¨~°`«∞Å#∞ xˆ~ÌtOKå~°∞.
ãÖkè +¨~°`«∞Å∞ Hõiî#OQÍ L<åfl ‰õÄ_® Éèíq+¨º`«∞Î#∞ ^Œ$+≤ìÖ’ LOK«∞‰õΩx \˜Ñ¨Ó ãÖkèH˜
JOwHõiOKå~°∞.
D "Õ∞~°‰Ωõ N~°OQÆÑ@¨ flO ãÖkè 1792 =∂iÛÖ’ ‰õΩkiOk. D ãÖkè „Ñ¨HÍ~°OQÍ
\˜Ñ¨Ó `«# ~å[ºOÖ’x ã¨QÆO „áêO`åÅ#∞ POˆQ¡Ü«∞ ‰õÄ@q∞H˜ JÑ¨ÊyOKåeû =zÛOk.
D „áêO`åÅ#∞ x*ÏO, =∞~å~îå áêÅ‰õΩÅ∞, Dãπì WO_çÜ«∂ HõOÃÑh ÑÖK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
~å[ºÉèÏQÍxfl â◊`«$‰õÄ@q∞H˜ ã¨=∞iÊOK«@O =∂„`«"Õ∞ HÍ‰õΩO_® =ÚÃÑ¶·Ê ÅHõΔÅ áœO_»¡
#+¨ì ÑïÇ¨~°O ‰õÄ_® \˜Ñ¨Ó K≥e¡OKåeû =zÛOk.
(He has to pay a war Indeminty of 3 1/2 Croes of rupees, - Brief
History of Andhra Pradesh, Ed. by Mohd. Abdul Waheed Khan, Govt. of
AP, Hyderabd, 1972, Page 91)
D ÉèÏs "≥Ú`åÎxfl Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ K≥e¡OKÕ =~°‰õΩ â◊„`«∞‰õÄ@q∞ \˜Ñ¨Ó a_»¤e~°∞=Ùifl
`«=∞ =^ŒÌ LOKåÅx +¨~°`«∞ qkèOzOk. D +¨~°`«∞ "Õ∞~°‰õΩ `«Ñ¨Êxãï Ñïã≤÷`«∞ÅÖ’
\˜Ñ¨Ó `«# a_»¤Å#∞ POˆQ¡Ü«∂kèHÍ~°∞Å =^ŒÌ Ñ¨ÓpHõ`«∞ÎQÍ LOKå~°∞. ãÖkè +¨~°`«∞Å
"Õ∞~°‰õΩ =¸_»∞#fl~° HÀ@¡ ~°∂áêÜ«∞Å#∞ POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ‰õΩ K≥e¡Oz# `«~°∞"å`« QÍx \˜Ñ¨Ó
`«# a_»¤Å#∞ „a\©+¨~°¡ ÑÖK« #∞O_ç q=ÚHõÎO KÕÜ«∞ÖËHõáÈÜ«∂~°∞. =∂`«$Éèí∂q∞x
q^Õj â◊‰õΩÎÅ #∞O_ç q=ÚHõÎO KÕÜ«∂Åx JÇ¨Ïiflâ◊Å∞ áÈ~å_»∞`«∞#fl \˜Ñ¨Ó‰õΩ ã¨fi^Õj
áêÅ‰õΩÅ ã¨Ç¨ÏHÍ~°O ÅaèOK«Hõ áÈ=>Ë"Õ∞ HÍ‰õΩO_® Ñ¨~å~Ú áêÅ‰õΩÅ, P áêÅ‰õΩÅ
=`åÎã∞¨ ^•~°∞Å Ñ¨@¡ â◊„`«∞`«fiO =Ç≤ÏOz#O^Œ∞# `«# a_»Å¤ #∞ ‰õÄ_® Ñ¨ÓpHõ`∞« Î LOKåeû#
Ñïã≤÷u ~å=@O qKå~°Hõ~°O.
D Ü«Ú^Œú Ñï}Ï=∂Å∞ \˜ÑÓ¨ =∞#ã¨∞û#∞ f„=OQÍ HõÅz"Õâß~Ú. D Ü«Ú^ŒOú Ö’
„a\©+¨~°¡‰õΩ q[Ü«∞O ÅaèOK«@O`À, ÉèÏ~°`« ^Õâ◊OÖ’ HõOÃÑh áêÅ# xÅ^˘‰õΩ¯HÀ_®xH˜
HÍ~°}"≥∞ÿOk. ã¨fi^Õj áêÅ‰õΩÅ ™êfi`«O„`«º Ñï~°HõΔ}Ï áÈ~å@ K«i„`«Ö’ =¸_»=
"≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ Ü«Ú^ŒúO ^Œ∞~°^Œ$+¨ìHõ~° ãÖÑ¶¨∞@#QÍ xezáÈ~ÚOk.
x~°‚Ü«∂`«‡Hõ <åÅæ= "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ Ü«Ú^ŒúO (1799)

=¸_»= "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ Ü«Ú^Œú Ñï}Ï=∂Å =¸ÅOQÍ \˜Ñ¨Ó ^≥|ƒu#fl Ñ¨ÙeÖÏ
L<åfl_»∞ Hõ#∞Hõ, PÜ«∞# #∞O_ç ZÑ¨C_≥·<å ÃÑ#∞„Ñ¨=∂^ŒO á⁄Oz LO^Œx ÉèíÜ«∞Ñ¨_ç#
q^Õj áêÅ‰õΩÅ∞, P áêÅ‰õΩÅ‰õΩ =∞^ŒÌ`«∞ Ñ¨Å∞‰õΩ`«∞#fl ã¨fi^Õj áêÅ‰õΩÅ∞, áêÖˇQÍà◊√§
^≥|ƒux L#fl "≥∞ãÿ ∂¨ ~°∞ Ñ¨Ùe \˜ÑÓ¨ #∞ ZÖÏÔQ#· JO`«O KÕÜ∂« Åx x~°~‚ ÚOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
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ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
\˜ÑÓ¨ ã¨r=OQÍ L#flO`« HÍÅO ~å[º qã¨~Î }° ‰õΩ P=HÍâ◊O LO_»^xŒ HõOÃÑh áêÅ‰õΩÅ∞
x~°‚~ÚOKå~°∞. P x~°‚Ü«∞O "Õ∞~°‰õΩ <åÅæ= "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ Ü«Ú^ŒúO HÀãÖ U~åÊ@∞¡
P~°OaèOKå~°∞.
D "å`å=~°}O „QÆÇ≤ÏOz# \˜Ñ¨Ó `«# „Ñ¨Ü«∞`åflÅÖ’ `å#∂ L<åfl~°∞. ã¨fi^Õj
áêÅ‰õΩÅ =∞^Œ`Ì ∞« ÅaèOK«Háõ È=@O`À, „a\©+~¨ #¡° ∞ =ºuˆ~HÕKÕ |Ü«∞\˜ â◊‰Ωõ ÅÎ ã¨Ç¨ Ü«∞O
HÀãÖ PÜ«∞# „Ñ¨Ü«∞`åflÅ∞ „áê~°OaèOKå~°∞. PÜ«∞# HÍ|∂Öò, HÍx™êì<£ì<ÀÑ¨Öò,
Jˆ~aÜ«∂, =∂i+¨ãπ `«k`«~° ~å*Ïºkè<Õ`«Å‰õΩ ‰õÄ_® ÖËYÅ∞ ~åâß~°∞. „a\©+¨~°¡#∞
áêÅ„^ÀÖËO^Œ∞‰õΩ ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiOKåeûOkQÍ HÀ~°∞`«∂ ^Ò`«ºJkèHÍ~°∞Å#∞ ÑÖáê~°∞. \˜Ñ¨Ó
`«O„_ç ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åe Ç¨ÏÜ«∂O #∞O_ç "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å*ÏºxH˜ z~°HÍÅ q∞„`«∞Öˇ·# „ÃÑ¶OKü "åi
ã¨Ç¨Ü«∂xfl PÜ«∞# HÀ~å~°∞. P<å_»∞ WOw¡+¨μ "åiH˜, „ÃÑ¶OKü "åiH˜ =∞^èŒº#∞#fl
qÉè^Ë •Å =Å# \˜ÑÓ¨ ‰õΩ ã¨ÇÏ¨ HõiOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ „ÃÑO¶ Kü JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞ JOwHõiOKå~°∞. 1798
U„Ñ≤Öò =∂ãÖÖ’ H˘O^Œ~°∞ „ÃÑ¶OKü JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞ =∂OQÆà◊¥~°∞‰õΩ KÕ~°∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
\˜Ñ¨Ó "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å[º ~°HõΔ}‰õΩ ™êyã¨∞Î#fl „Ñ¨Ü«∞`åflÅ QÆ∞iOz `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ#fl
„a\©+π QÆ=~°fl~ü [#~°Öò "≥Å¡ã‘¡ (Governor General Marquis Wellesly)
=∞O_çÑ¨_®¤_»∞. Ñ¨tÛ=∞ f~å# L#fl \˜Ñ¨Ó |ÅQÍÅ#∞ `˘ÅyOKåeûOkQÍ#∞, Ô~O_»∞
HÀ@¡ Ñ¨ÓzHõ`«∞Î#∞ K≥e¡Oz, "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å[ ^Œ~åƒ~°∞Ö’ `«=∞ „Ñüxkèx J#∞=∞uOKå
W<£Ãã\òÖ’ Ü«Ú^ŒúÉèí∂q∞Ö’ „a\©+¨~°¡`À

áÈ~å_»∞`«∞#fl "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ Ñ¨Ùe
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eûOkQÍ Jeì"Õ∞@O ÑÖáê_»∞. D K«~°º`À \˜Ñ¨Ó P„QÆÇ≤Ïã¨∂Î "≥Å¡ã‘¡ ÉˇkiOÑ¨ÙÅ#∞
ÉËMÏ`«~ü J<åfl~°∞. P=HÍâ◊O HÀãÖ Z^Œ∞~°∞ K«∂ã¨∞Î#fl JOˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ∞ "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ ~å*Ïºxfl
Hõ|oOKÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ ã¨<åflÇ¨Å#∞ =Ú=∞‡~°O KÕâß~°∞.
1798 U„Ñ≤Öò 26# JOˆQ¡Ü«∂kèHÍi P~°÷~ü "≥Å¡ã‘¡ (Arthur Wellesly)
=∞„^•ã¨∞ KÕ~°∞‰õΩ<åfl_»∞. \˜Ñ¨Ó q∂^Œ Ü«Ú^•úxfl „Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕKå_»∞. \˜Ñ¨Ó#∞ Z^Œ∞~À¯_®xH˜
JO^Œ∞ÉÏ@∞Ö’ L#fl L`«Î=∞ Ãã·xHõ Ñ¨\ÏÖÏÅ#∞ Ju `«‰õΩ¯= HÍÅOÖ’ (the finest
army in the shortest period) ~°Ñ≤ÊOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl_»∞. `å~ÚÖÏÅ Pâ◊ K«∂Ñ≤ P^ŒiOz
ÉˇkiOz x*ÏO #"å|∞#∞ Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ `«=∞ QÆ∞ÃÑÊ\’¡H˜ `≥K«∞Û‰õΩ<åfl_»∞. Ñ¨Å∞ „áêO`åÅ
=∞~å~îå „Ñ¨Éèí∞=ÙÅ#∞ =∂eq∞ KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl_»∞. ÉèÏs Z`«∞Î# Ü«Ú^Œú ã¨<åflÇ¨Å#∞ Ñ¨ÓiÎ
KÕã¨∞‰õΩx P„Hõ=∞}‰õΩ LÑ¨„Hõq∞OKå~°∞. \˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ ~å[ºO q∂^Œ Jxfl "≥·Ñ¨ÙÅ
#∞O_ç ^•_»∞Å∞ [~°áêÅx HõOÃÑh Ãã·xHÍkèHÍ~°∞Å‰õΩ, HõOÃÑhH˜ =∞^ŒÌ`«∞xã¨∞Î#fl
ã¨fi^ÕjáêÅ‰õΩÅ∞, áêÖˇQÍà◊§‰õΩ 1799 Ñ¶≤„|=i 3= `Õn# P^ÕâßÅ∞ *Ïs KÕâß_»∞.
('..on 3rd February 1799, for the British arimes and those of the allies,
immediately to invade the Sultan's dominions.' ) ã¨ fi O`« |ÅQÍÅ#∞
ã¨=∞‰õÄ~°∞Û‰õΩx, \˜Ñ¨Ó#∞ UHÍH˜ KÕã≤ ã¨fi^Õj áêÅ‰õΩÅ`À, =∞^ŒÌ`«∞^•~°∞Å`À HõÅã≤
\˜Ñ¨Ó#∞ Ñ¨~ål`«∞_çfl KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ Ñ¨Hõ_»ƒOnQÍ Ñ¨^äŒHÍxfl ~°∂á⁄OkOKå_»∞.
D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ ã¨=∂Kå~åxfl JO^Œ∞‰õΩ#fl \˜Ñ¨Ó `«# „Ñ¨Ü«∞`åflÅ#∞ =∞iO`«
=Ú=∞‡~°O KÕâß~°∞. N~°OQÆÑ¨@flO HÀ@#∞ |e+¨ìO KÕâß~°∞. ™⁄O`«QÆ_»¤ ~°HõΔ} HÀãÖ
„áê}ÏeKÕÛ Ããx· ‰õΩÅ#∞ ã¨=∞‰õÄ~°∞Û‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. ^Œ∞~°^$Œ +¨Hì ~õ ° Ñïã≤`÷ ∞« Å‰õΩ ÖÁOyáÈ‰õΩO_®
q^Õj â◊`«$=Ù‰õΩ, P â◊H˜ÎH˜ =`åÎã¨∞ Ñ¨Å∞‰õΩ`«#fl ã¨fi^ÕjáêÅ‰õΩÅ‰õΩ |∞kú K≥áêÊÅx
x~°‚~ÚOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞. z=i áÈ~°∞‰õΩ \˜Ñ¨Ó ã≤^Œú=∞Ü«∂º~°∞. N~°OQÆÑ¨@flO q∂^Œ‰õΩ
`«~°e =ã¨∞Î#fl â◊`«$|ÅQÍÅ#∞ Ñïq∞`« X#~°∞Å`À, |ÅQÍÅ`À Z^Œ∞~˘¯<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ
ã¨#fl^ŒúÌ=∞Ü«∂º~°∞. 1779 U„Ñ≤ÖòÖ’ N~°OQÆÑ¨\ÏflxH˜ 45 "≥∞ÿà◊§ ^Œ∂~°OÖ’ QÆÅ Ãã_ôû~ü
(Sedaser) J#∞ „áêO`«OÖ’, "Õ∞ 4= `Õk# N~°OQÆÑ¨\ÏflxH˜ 35 "≥∞ÿà◊§ ^Œ∂~°OÖ’
L#fl =∂"≥b¡ (Malvelly) J#∞ „áêO`«O =^ŒÌ POˆQ¡Ü«∂kèHÍ~°∞Å∞ Sturat =∞iÜ«Ú
General Haris Å`À \˜Ñ¨Ó `«ÅÑ¨_®¤~°∞. D Ô~O_»∞ „áêO`åÅÖ’ q[Ü«∞O POˆQ¡Ü«∞
‰õÄ@q∞H˜ ^ŒH˜¯Ok.
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ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
=∞$`«∞ºO[Ü«Ú_»∞ \˜Ñ¨Ó
\˜ÑÓ¨ ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ QÆ`º« O`«~O° ÖËx Ñïã≤`÷ ∞« ÅÖ’ N~°OQÆÑ@¨ flO HÀ@Ö’H˜ "≥âß§~°∞.
P HÀ@#∞ Jxfl "≥Ñ· Ù¨ Å #∞O_ç POˆQÜ ¡ ∂« kèHÍ~°∞Å |ÅQÍÅ∞, ã¨fi^Õj áêÅ‰õΩÅ Ãã<· åºÅ∞,
áêÖˇQÍà◊§ |$O^•Å∞ K«∞@∞ì=Ú\Ïì~Ú. D™êi N~°OQÆÑ¨@flO =Ú@ì_ç ÉèÏs ™ê÷~ÚÖ’
„áê~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿOk. Hõ~åfl@Hõ "≥·Ñ¨Ù #∞O_ç [#~°Öò Ç¨Ïiãπ, ‰õÄ~üæ #∞O_ç [#~°Öò ã¨∂ì=~üì,
ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^Œ∞ #∞O_ç ÖÏ~ü¤ "≥Å¡ã‘¡, ^ŒH˜Δ}O "≥·Ñ¨Ù#∞O_ç HõÅflÖò ~À_£, HõÅflÖò „É∫<£
N~°OQÆÑ¨@flOÖ’x \˜Ñ¨Ó#∞ K«∞@∞ì =Ú\Ïì~°∞. x*ÏO, =∞~å~îå áêÅ‰õΩÅ∞, áêÖˇQÍà◊√§,
"≥Å¡ã‘¡ HõÅÅ#∞ x[O KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ HõOÃÑh Ãã·<åºÅ‰õΩ `À_»∞QÍ xeKå~°∞. x*ÏO
Ãã·<åºÅ‰õΩ J~°÷~ü "≥Å¡ã‘¡ ã¨ºÜ«∞OQÍ <åÜ«∞Hõ`«fiO =Ç≤ÏOKå_»∞.
z=~°‰õΩ 1799 "Õ∞ =∂ãÖ 4= `Õk#, POˆQ¡Ü«∞ ‰õÄ@q∞H˜ \˜Ñ¨Ó‰õΩ =∞^èŒº#
ÉèíÜ«∞OHõ~°"≥∞ÿ# Ü«Ú^ŒúO „áê~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿOk. POˆQ¡Ü«∞ ‰õÄ@q∞ Jáê~° |ÅQÍÅ∞ p=∞Å
^ŒO_»∞ÖÏ N~°OQÆÑ@¨ flO q∂^Œ q~°∞K«∞‰õΩ Ñ¨_∞» `«∞<åfl~Ú. \˜ÑÓ¨ |ÅQÍÅ∞ â◊`$« Ããx· ‰õΩÅ#∞
HÀ@ |∞~°∞AÅ #∞O_ç Z^Œ∞~˘¯O@∞<åfl~°∞. \˜ÑÓ¨ ã¨ºÜ«∞OQÍ áÈ~å\Ïxfl Ñ¨~º° "ÕHãΔ˜ ∞¨ <Î åfl~°∞.
ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ Ñ¨@¡ q^èÕÜ«ÚÖˇ·# Ãã·xHõ Ü≥∂^èŒ∞Å∞ „áê}ÏÅ‰õΩ `≥yOz áÈ~å_»∞`«∞<åfl~°∞. D
Ü≥∂^èŒ∞Å ^è•\˜H˜ N~°OQÆÑ¨@flO HÀ@ ã¨g∞áêxH˜ â◊`«$=Ù KÕ~°∞‰õΩ<åfl HÀ@ Ö’xH˜
„Ñ¨"ÕtOK«ÖË‰õΩ<åfl_»∞.
\˜Ñ¨Ó HÀ@Ö’H˜ â◊„`«∞ Ãã·#ºO „Ñ¨"ÕtOz# "å@~ü ˆQ\ò

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â◊`«$=Ù `«# ‰õΩÜ«Ú‰õΩÎÅ‰õΩ NHÍ~°O K«∞\Ïì_»∞. JkèHÍ~° ^•Ç¨ÏO`À J„Hõ=∞OQÍ
<≥·<å ~å*ÏºkèHÍ~°O KÕÑ¨\ÏìÅx Lqfià◊¥§~°∞`«∞#fl JkèHÍ~°=∞^•O^èŒ∞Å∞ Páê\˜H˜
POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ‰õΩ ^•™ÈÇ¨ÏO P<åfl~°∞. D ‰õΩ„@Å∞, JO`«~°æ`« â◊„`«∞=ÙÅ Z`«∞ÎÅ#∞ \˜Ñ¨Ó
QÆ∂_èK» åi |ÅQÍÅ∞ HõxÃÑ@ìÖHË õ áÈÜ«∂~Ú. J`«ºO`« Ñ¨H_õ ƒ» OnQÍ ™êy# ‰õΩ„@ q=~åÅ∞
\˜ÑÓ¨ ‰õΩ `≥eÜ«∞ÖË^∞Œ . D ‰õΩ„@‰õΩ =¸ÅHÍ~°‰Ωõ _»∞ \˜ÑÓ¨ k"å<£ g∞~ü ™êkèH.± J`«QÍ_»∞
~å[ºHÍOHõ`Δ À „a\©+~¨ `¡° À KÕ`∞« Å∞ Hõeáê_»∞. \˜ÑÓ¨ ~å[ºOÖ’x =∞iH˘O^Œ~∞° áêÖˇQÍà◊√§
\˜Ñ¨Ó q∞„`«∞Å∞QÍ #\˜ã¨∂Î, „a\©+¨~°¡ "Õ∞Å∞HÀ~°™êQÍ~°∞.
N~°OQÆÑ¨@flO HÀ@ QÀ_»Å#∞ q^èŒfiOãÖ KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ POˆQ¡Ü«∞ ‰õÄ@q∞ â◊`«
q^è•Å „Ñ¨Ü«∞uflã¨∞ÎOk. P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ JO`«~°æ`« â◊`«$=Ù q∂~ü ™êkèH± ~°OQÆOÖ’H˜
=KåÛ_»∞. POˆQ¡Ü«∂kèHÍ~°∞Å‰õΩ, HõOÃÑh Ãã·x‰õΩÅ‰õΩ HÀ@ QÀ_»Å∞ |ÅÇ‘Ï#OQÍ L#fl
„áêO`åxfl `≥eÜ«∞KÕã∂¨ ,Î \˜ÑÓ¨ „áê™ê^•xH˜ ã¨g∞áê#∞#fl "å@~ü Qˆ @∞ ^•fi~å HÀ@Ö’xH˜
„Ñ¨"ÕtOK«@O ã¨∞Å∞=#fl ~°Ç¨Ï™êºxfl â◊`«$=Ù‰õΩ KÕ~°"Õâß_»∞. \˜Ñ¨Ó „áê™ê^•xH˜ "å@~ü
ˆQ@∞ KåÖÏ ã¨g∞áê# LOk. JHõ¯_» \˜Ñ¨Ó Ãã·x‰õΩÅ∞ ZO`À *Ï„QÆ`«Î`À Ñ¨Ç¨Ï~å
HÍã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. P Ãã·x‰õΩÅ#∞ JHõ¯_» #∞O_ç `˘eyOz, POˆQ¡Ü«∞ Ãã·<åºÅ#∞ HÀ@Ö’H˜
N~°OQÆÑ¨@flO =ÚY^•fi~°O =^ŒÌ \˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ =∞$u K≥Ok# ã¨÷ÅO

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`ÕeQÍæ „Ñ¨"ÕtOÑ¨KÕ¿ãO^Œ∞‰õΩ q∂~ü ™êkèH± ‰õΩ„@ Ñ¨<åfl_»∞. JHõ¯_» Ñ¨Ç¨Ï~åHÍã¨∞Î#fl
Ããx· ‰õΩÅ‰õΩ r`åÅ∞ K≥eã¡ ∞¨ <Î åfl~°x Jã¨`åºÅ∞ K≥ÑÊ≤ , P H©ÅHõ „áêO`«O #∞O_ç `«ÑÊ≤ OKå_»∞.
PÖ’QÍ â◊„`«∞ Ãã·xHõ |ÅQÍÅ Ñ¶≤~°OQÆ∞Å∞ HÀ@ QÀ_»#∞ =∞iO`« |ÅÇ‘Ï#Ñ¨~åÛ~Ú.
q∂~ü ™êkèH± â◊`«$Ãã·x‰õΩÅ‰õΩ ™êfiQÆ`«O Ñ¨Å∞‰õΩ`«∂ HÀ@Ö’H˜ =∂~°æO K«∂áê_»∞.
g∞~ü ™êkèH± ™êfiq∞ „^ÀÇ¨ÏO =Å# POˆQ¡Ü«∞ Ãã·<åºÅ∞ Z@∞=O\˜ „ÑüÑ¶¨∞@#
ÖË‰Ωõ O_® "å@~ü Qˆ @∞ QÆ∞O_® HÀ@Ö’H˜ *Á~°|_®¤~Ú. â◊`$« =Ù HÀ@Ö’H˜ „Ñ¨"tÕ OK«@O`À
\˜Ñ¨Ó Ãã·<åºÅÖ’ HõÅHõÅO „áê~°OÉèí"≥∞ÿOk. P J^Œ#∞ HÀãÖ Z^Œ∞~°∞ K«∂ã¨∞Î#fl g∞~ü
™êkèH± `«# Ñ¨x Ñ¨Ó~°Î~ÚºO^Œ#fl `«$Ñ≤Î`À HÀ@ #∞O_ç `«Ñ≤ÊOK«∞H˘x ~°Ç¨Ïã¨º =∂~°æO
^•fi~å |Ü«∞@Ñ¨_ç POˆQ¡Ü«∞ Ü«∞[=∂#∞Å#∞ KÕˆ~O^Œ∞‰õΩ `«fi~°Ñ¨_»∞`«∂ P kâ◊QÍ
„Ñ¨Ü«∞`åflÅ∞ „áê~°OaèOKå_»∞.
„a\©+π Ãã#· ºO Jxfl "≥Ñ· Ù¨ Å #∞O_ç \˜ÑÓ¨ #∞ K«∞@∞ì=Ú\Õì k. P H˜+¡ ì¨ ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’
JO^ŒÅO ZHÍ¯Å#fl ^Œ∞~åâ◊`À ™êfiq∞„^ÀÇ¨xH˜ áêÅÊ_ç# q∂~ü ™êkèH± HÀ@ #∞O_ç
POˆQ¡Ü«∞ ta~°OÖ’H˜ *Ï~°∞‰õΩO@∂, \˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£‰õΩ #q∞‡#|O@∞ J~Ú#@∞=O\˜
Ãã·xHÍkèHÍi N Hõ$ëê‚~å=Ù HõO@|_®¤_»∞. q∂~ü ™êkMò „Ñ¨=~°Î##∞ J#∞=∂xOz#
N Hõ$ëê‚~å=Ù J`«xx `«# ^ŒQiæÆ H˜ Ñ≤eKå~°∞. \˜ÑÓ¨ ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ HÀ@ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ ÑÖÑ¨Ù`«∞#fl
F ~°Ç¨Ïã¨º ãÖ^Õâ◊O `«# =^ŒÌ LO^Œx, ^•xx â◊`«$=Ù KÕuH˜ zHõ¯x=fi‰õΩO_® |Ü«∞@‰õΩ
ÑÖáêÅx q∂~ü ™êkèMò‰Ωõ #=∞‡|eHÍ~°∞. P ~°ÇÏ¨ ã¨º ãÖ^ÕâO◊ Uq∞\’ `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀ^ŒÅz#
™êfiq∞„^ÀÇ≤Ï u#flQÍ Hõ$ëê‚~å=Ù#∞ ã¨g∞Ñ≤OKå_»∞. P „Ñ¨Ü«∞`«flOÖ’ Hõ$ëê‚~å=Ù‰õΩ
HõuÎ"Õ@∞ ^Œ∂~åxH˜ q∂~ü ™êkèMò ~åQÍ<Õ XHõ¯^Œ∞@# ÃÑ·H˜ Zyi# Hõ$ëê‚~å=Ù, ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£
â◊„`«∞=Ù =Ú@ì_çÖ’ z‰õΩ¯|_çáÈ`Õ #∞"≥fiHõ¯_çH˜~å áÈ`«∞<åfl=Ù? „^ÀÇ‘Ï— JO@∂ `«#
HõuÎx ™êkèMò QÆ∞O_≥Ö’¡ kOKå_»∞. JO`«\ ˜`À P ™êfiq∞„^ÀÇ≤Ï q∂~ü ™êkèMò „|`«∞‰õΩ
JO`«"≥∞ÿáÈ~ÚOk.
D q^èŒOQÍ<Õ ãïQÍæ 50 ãÖ=`«û~åÅ „H˜`«O 1757Ö’ ÉˇOQÍÅ∞ ã¨"å|∞
ã≤~åA^ÒÌÖÏ‰õΩ „^ÀÇ¨ÏO KÕã≤# q∂~ü *ÏÑ¶¨~ü ÖÏˆQ, 1799Ö’ q∂~ü ™êkèMò ™êfiq∞
„^ÀÇ¨xH˜ áêÅÊ_ç Ñ¨~å~Ú áêÅ‰õΩÅ‰õΩ ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiOK«_»O Kåi„`«Hõ qëê^ŒO. J<å_»∞
q∂~ü *ÏÑ¶¨~ü ™êfiq∞ „^ÀÇ¨xH˜ áêÅÊ_ç#O^Œ∞# =Åã¨áêÅ‰õΩÅ∞ D QÆ_»¤ q∂^Œ ã≤÷~°OQÍ
HÍÅ∞ "≥∂Ñ¨QÆeQÍ~°∞. D™êi q∂~ü ™êkèH± J@∞=O\˜ hKåxH˜ áêÅÊ_ç HõOÃÑh
áêÅ‰õΩÅ∞ D QÆ_»¤ g∞^Œ QÆ\ ˜ìÑ¨Ù<å^Œ∞Å∞ xi‡OK«∞‰õΩ<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ ã¨Ç¨ÏÜ«∞Ñ¨_®¤_»∞.
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\˜Ñ¨Ó rq`«OÖ’ z=i ~ÀA...

\˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ PÜ«∞# `«O„_ç ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~ü JbÅ K«i„`«#∞ "≥ÚQÆÖò ™ê„=∂[ºOÖ’
Ãã·xHÍkèHÍiQÍ Ñ¨xKÕã≤# =ºH˜Î (Mr. M.M.D.L.T) ~åã≤, \˜Ñ¨Ó ‰õΩ=∂~°∞_»∞ Prince
Gholam Mohammed KÕ ã¨=iOÑ¨_ç# „Ñ¨MÏº`« „QÆO^äŒO The History of Hyder
Shah, alias Hyder Ali Khan Bahadur, and his son, Teppoo Sultan Ö’
\˜Ñ¨Ó Ü«Ú^ŒúÌ~°OQÆOÖ’ ™êyOz# áÈ~å\Ïxfl q=iOKå~°∞. P q=~åÅ#∞ Eminent
Muslim Freedom Fighters Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHõOÖ’ P Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHõ ~°K«~Ú`« G.Allana q™êÎ~°OQÍ
L@OHÕKå~°∞.
1799 "Õ∞ <åÅæ= `Õk. P~ÀA#, JÑ¨Ê\˜ =~°‰õΩ ‰õΩ„@Å∞, ‰õΩÜ«Ú‰õΩÎÅ∞,
Z`«∞ÎÅ∞, z`«∞ÎÅ∞, Z`«∞ÎQÆ_»Å`À ™êQÆ∞`«∞#fl Ü«Ú^•úxfl JO`«=~°‰õΩ Ñ¨~°º"ÕHΔ̃Oz, JÑ¨C_Õ
JÖÏÊÇ¨~°O ã‘fiHõiOK«_®xH˜ \˜Ñ¨Ó `«# „áê™ê^•xH˜ =KåÛ~°∞. PÜ«∞# ‰õΩ@∞Oc‰õΩÅ∞
JOkOz# JÖÏÊÇ¨~°O u#_»O „áê~°OaèOKå~°∞. P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ PÜ«∞# „áê™ê^•xH˜
ã¨q∂áê# QÆÅ "å@~ü ˆQ@∞ =^ŒÌ Ãã·x‰õΩÅ HõÅHõÅO q#=zÛOk. P HõÅHõÅO qx
\˜Ñ¨Ó Éè∫uHõ HÍÜ«∂xfl QÆ∞iÎOz# „a\˜+π Ãã·<åºkèHÍi [#~°Öò Ç¨iãπ

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JÖÏÊÇ¨~åxfl Ñ¨ÓiÎ KÕÜ«∞‰õΩO_®<Õ ÖËz =zÛ Ñïã≤÷ux gH˜ΔOKå~°∞. ™êfiq∞„^ÀÇ¨ïÅ∞
KÕã≤# #=∞‡Hõ„^ÀÇ¨ÏO, â◊`«$=ÙÅ HÀ@Ö’H˜ „Ñ¨"Õâ◊O `«k`«~° JOâßÅ#∞ `«HõΔ}"Õ∞
„QÆÇ≤ÏOKå~°∞. ^Œ∞ˆ~ƒù^èŒº"≥∞ÿ# HÀ@Ö’H˜ â◊`«$Ãã·<åºÅ∞ ÉèÏs ãÖYºÖ’ *Á~°|_ç# q+¨Ü«∞O
QÆ=∞xOKå~°∞. Ñïã≤÷`«∞Å∞ KÕ`«∞Å∞ ^•\˜áÈÜ«∂~Ú.
P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ \˜Ñ¨Ó PO`«~°Oy‰õΩÅ∞ PÜ«∞##∞ HÀ@ #∞O_ç `«Ñ≤ÊOK«∞
HÀ"åeûOkQÍ HÀ~å~°∞. P ã¨ÅÇ¨ PÜ«∞#‰õΩ ~°∞zOK«ÖË^Œ∞. POˆQ¡Ü«ÚÅ q∂^Œ, "åi
=`åÎã¨∞^•~°∞Å q∂^Œ, u~°∞QÆ∞ÖËx áÈ~å@O ™êyOKåeûO^Õ#x x~°‚~ÚOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~°∞.
q[Ü«∞"≥∂ ÖËHõ g~°ã¨fi~°æ"≥∂ `«Ñ¨Ê =∞~˘Hõ PÖ’K«# PÜ«∞# =∞kÖ’H˜ ~åÖË^Œ∞. PÑ¨ÙÎÅ∞,
=∞O„`«∞Å∞, JkèHÍ~°∞Å∞ ZO`«QÍ =Å^Œx "åiã¨∞Î<åfl PÜ«∞# q#ÖË^Œ∞.
z=~°‰õΩ '#Hõ¯ ÖÏQÍ Ô~O_»∞ =O^ŒÅ ãÖ=`«û~åÅ∞ „|uˆH HõO>Ë ã≤OÇ¨ÏOÖÏ
Ô~O_»∞ ~ÀAÅ∞ „|uH˜# KåÅ∞— Jx JO@∂ \˜Ñ¨Ó Ü«Ú^ŒúÉèí∂q∞Ö’H˜ „Ñ¨"ÕtOKå~°∞.
D ãÖ^Œ~°ƒùOQÍ, ' J=∞~åº^ŒHõ~° ÉÏxã¨ „|`«∞‰õΩ „|uˆHHõO>Ë t~°ã¨∞ûÅ q∂^Œ ~°HõÎ
^è•~°Å#∞ ‰õΩiÑ≤ã¨∞Î#fl Ü«Ú^Œú"Õ∞Ñ¶¨∂Å „HÕ^Œ =∞~°}ÕK«@O ZO`À "Õ∞Å∞ Hõ^• ÉèíQÆ=O
`«∞_®!— Jx PÜ«∞# "åºMÏºxã¨∂Î â◊„`«∞ Ãã·x‰õΩÅÖ’ K˘~°|_®¤~°∞.
( ' Better a lion's life for two days than a Jackal's life for two hun-
dred years...Ya Allah, it is better to die beneth the coulds of battle rain-
ing blood upon our heads than to live of shame and degradation ' - BN
Pande : Page. 15)
HõOÃÑh Ãã·#ºO =~°^ŒÖÏ HÀ@Ö’H˜ K˘K«∞Û‰õΩ=ã¨∂Î, HÀ@Ö’x „Ñü JOQÆ∞àÏxfl
P„Hõq∞OK«∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl, P Ãã·<åºxfl xÅ∞=iOK«_®xH˜ ãïÑ¨_» |ÅQÍÅ∞ `«#"≥O@
ÖËHõáÈ~Ú<å ã≤÷~° xâ◊ÛÜ«∞O`À =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ ™êQÆ∞`«∞#fl \˜Ñ¨Ó U=∂„`«O J^è≥·~°ºÑ¨_»ÖË^Œ∞.
J^è≥·~°ºÑ¨_»@O PÜ«∞# rq`«OÖ’<Õ Z~°∞QÆx P Ü≥∂^èŒ∞_»∞ XHõ¯ J_»∞QÆ∞ ‰õÄ_® "≥#‰õΩ¯
"ÕÜ«∞ÖË^Œ∞. â◊„`«∞=Ù`À ãÖ‰õΩÅ ã¨=∞~åxH˜ ã≤^Œú"≥∞ÿ â◊`«$Ãã·<åºÅ =∞^èŒº‰õΩ PÜ«∞#
^Œ∂ã¨∞‰õΩáÈÜ«∂~°∞. â◊`$« Ãã<· åºÅ∞, POˆQÜ
¡ ∂« kèHÍ~°∞Å∞ HõhãÖ \˜ÑÓ¨ #∞ ã¨g∞Ñ≤OK«_®xH˜
ÉèíÜ«∞Ñ¨_ÕO`«QÍ ~°}Éèí∂q∞ JO`«\Ï `å<≥· HõxÊã¨∂Î, â◊`«$Ãã·<åºÅÖ’ ÉèíÜ≥∂`åÊ`«O
Hõeæã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. â◊`«$Ãã·<åºÅ#∞ K≥O_®_»∞`«∂ ~°}~°OQÆOÖ’ ^Œ∂ã¨∞‰õΩáÈ`«∞#fl \˜Ñ¨Ó‰õΩ
~°HõΔ} Hõ~°∞"≥·Ok. ã¨xflÇ≤Ï`«∞Å∞–ã¨Ç¨ÏK«~°∞Å∞ ÖË~°∞. JOQÆ~°HõΔ‰õΩÅ∞ ÖË~°∞. Pf‡Ü«ÚÅ∞
Ñ¨Å∞=Ù~°∞ ~å[º ~°HõΔ}Ö’ Ç¨Ï`«∞ÅÜ«∂º~°∞.
J~Ú<å ‰õÄ_® Dãπì WO_çÜ∂« HõOÃÑh áêÅ‰õΩÅ`À Jg∞`«∞g∞ `ÕÅ∞ÛHÀ=_®xH˜
ã≤^Œú"≥∞ÿ# \˜Ñ¨Ó â◊`«$Ãã·x‰õΩÅ#∞ `«∞#∞=∂_»∞`«∞O_»QÍ, `«∞áêH˜ QÆ∞O_˘Hõ\ ˜ ^Œ∂ã¨∞‰õΩ
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*Á~°|_çOk. \˜Ñ¨Ó Jâ◊fiO ‰õÄ_® `«∞áêH˜ QÆ∞O_»¡ `åH˜_ç`À ‰õÄÅ|_çOk. \˜Ñ¨Ó QÆ∞„~°O
q∂^Œ #∞O_ç „HÕ^Œ‰õΩ *ÏiáÈÜ«∂~°∞. „Ñ¨ÑÖK« „Ñ¨ã≤^ŒÌ"≥∞ÿ# PÜ«∞# `«ÅáêQÍ ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£
t~°ã¨∞û #∞O_ç `˘ÅyáÈ~ÚOk. P JÑ¨`«¯~° Ñïã≤÷`«∞ÅÖ’ QÍÜ«∞Ñ¨_ç# ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£#∞
~°H˜ΔOK«∞‰õΩ<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ Hõhã¨ ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞O ‰õÄ_® JOkOK«ÖËx ^Œ∞ã≤÷u.
\˜Ñ¨Ó â◊s~°OÖ’ *Á~°|_ç# `«∞áêH˜ QÆ∞O_»∞¡ Hõeæã¨∞Î# ÉèíÜ«∞OHõ~° ÉÏ^èŒ#∞ Éèíiã¨∂Î
‰õÄ_® ÖËz xÖ’Û_®xH˜ â◊`« q^è•Å „Ñ¨Ü«∞uflOz PÜ«∞# qÑ¶¨Å=∞Ü«∂º~°∞. XHõ "≥·Ñ¨Ù
â◊s~°OÖ’ ~°HõÎ=∞O`å Éèí∂q∞x `«_ç¿Ñã¨∞Î<åfl h~°ãÖ P=Ç≤Ïã¨∞Î<åfl „Hõ=∞OQÍ „áê}O
áÈ`«∞<åfl,`«# KÕuÖ’x Y_®æxfl =∂„`«O PÜ«∞# =^ŒÅÖË^Œ∞. \˜Ñ¨Ó `«ÅáêQÍ T_ç
áÈ=@O`À, ™ê=∂#º Ãã·x‰õΩÅ =∞$`«^ÕÇ¨Å =∞^èŒº# Ñ¨_çL#fl PÜ«∞# Z=~À ‰õÄ_®
QÆ=∞xOK«ÖËx QÆO^Œ~°QÀà◊ Ñïã≤÷`«∞Å∞ U~°Ê_®¤~Ú.
P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ Ü«Ú^Œú "å`å=~°}O H˘O`« `«QÆ∞æ =ÚYO Ñ¨\ ˜ìOk. \˜Ñ¨Ó
Ãã·x‰õΩÅ #∞O_ç „ÑüÑ¶¨∞@# Hõ~°∞"≥·Ok. â◊`«$Ãã·x‰õΩÅ∞ ÉèÏs ãÖYºÖ’ HÀ@Ö’H˜
*Á~°|_®¤~°∞. P Ãã·x‰õΩÅ‰õΩ K«~°ºÅ‰õΩ J_»∞¤ÖËHõáÈ~ÚOk. JOk#O`« ^ÀK«∞HÀ™êQÍ~°∞.
HÀ@Ö’ „Ñ¨[Å‰õΩ ~°HõΔ} Hõ~°∞=Ù HÍ=@OÖ’ q^èŒºOãÖ, ^ÀÑ≤_ç Ü«∞^èÕK«ÛùQÍ ™êQÆ∞`«∞Ok.
\˜Ñ¨Ó Éè∫uHõ HÍÜ«∞O =^ŒÌ ~Àkã¨∞Î#fl PO`«~°Oy‰õΩÅ∞

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á⁄ky# |OQÍ~°O, =„*ÏÅ q∂^Œ Ñ¨_çOk. J`«ºO`« qÅ∞"≥·# P |OQÍ~°O, =„*ÏÅ#∞
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J`«xH˜ `≥eÜ«∞^Œ∞. P q+¨Ü«∞O `≥eã≤ LO>Ë P "≥∞ÿã¨∂~°∞ Ñ¨Ùe ã¨g∞áêxH˜ ‰õÄ_®
Z=fi~°∂ ~åQÆeˆQ"å~°∞ HÍ~°∞. \˜Ñ¨Ó x„™êÎ}OQÍ F Ñ¨Hõ¯‰õΩ Xiy L<åfl~°∞. J=HÍâ◊O
zH˜¯Ok Hõ^• Jx, J Ãã·x‰õΩ_»∞ \˜Ñ¨Ó ÉˇÅ∞ì, Y_®æxfl T_»Éˇ~°∞HÀ¯_®xH˜ ™êÇ¨Ïã≤Oz
\˜Ñ¨Ó#∞ ã¨g∞Ñ≤OKå_»∞. â◊„`«∞ Ãã·x‰õΩ_»∞ ã¨g∞Ñ≤ã¨∞Î<åfl_»x QÆ=∞xOz# \˜Ñ¨Ó `«#
â◊s~°OÖ’x |ÖÏ#flO`å ‰õÄ_»nã¨∞H˘x `«# ÉˇÅ∞ì, Y_®æxfl `«ã¨¯iOK« K«∂ã≤≤# â◊„`«∞
Ãã·x‰õΩ_çfl `«# Hõ~°"åÖÏxH˜ Z~° KÕ™ê~°∞.
=∞$`«∞_»#∞‰õΩ#fl =ºH˜Î JHõ™ê‡`«∞ÎQÍ HõuÎ ^Œ∂Ü«∞@O, HõΔ}ÏÅÖ’ P Ãã·x‰õΩ_ç
„áê}ÏÅ∞ `À_ÕÜ∞« º_»O`À P „áêO`«OÖ’x Ããx· ‰õΩÅ∞ YOQÆ∞u<åfl~°∞. JO`«Ö’<Õ `Õ~∞° ‰õΩx
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q∞QÆ`å Ããx· ‰õΩÅ∞ PÜ«∞# g∞^Œ qK«H}Δõ Ï ~°ÇÏ≤ `«OQÍ `«∞áêH˜ QÆ∞O_»¡ =~°¬O ‰õΩiÑ≤OKå~°∞.
P QÆ∞O_»¡ =~°¬OÖ’ áÈ~å@ Ü≥∂^èŒ∞_»∞ \˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£, 1799 "Õ∞ =∂ãÖ 4= `Õn
™êÜ«∞Oã¨=∞Ü«∂# Hõ#∞fl=¸™ê~°∞.
\˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ =∞$uK≥Ok# ã¨÷ÅOÖ’ xi‡Oz# ™ê‡~°Hõ ã¨∂÷ÑÖ

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Ü«Ú^ŒÌÉèí∂q∞Ö’ J=∞~°∞_≥·# „Ñ¨„Ñ¨^äŒ=∞ ã¨fi^Õj áêÅ‰õΩ_»∞

D q^èŒOQÍ „a\©+¨~°¡`À Hõ^Œ# ~°OQÍ# ^è≥·~°º™êÇ¨Ï™êÅ`À áÈ~å_»∞`«∂ z=i
âßfiã¨ =^Œe# ã¨fi^Õj áêÅ‰õΩÅÖ’ \˜Ñ¨Ó „Ñ¨^äŒ=Ú_»x K«i„`« PÜ«∞##∞ H©iÎzOk.
(..."Tipu Sultan was the single brave hero of Indian Histroy who fighting
the Britishers met his martydom in the battle field.." - Prof.Jaya Prakash)
D q+¨Ü«∂xfl The Sword of Tipu ~°K«~Ú`« Bhagavan S. Gidwani =ºHõÎO
KÕã¨∂Î, D q+¨Ü«∂xfl F q^Õj K«i„`« Ñïâ’^èŒHõ q^•ºi÷ ^•fi~å `≥Å∞‰õΩx `å#∞
Pâ◊Û~°ºáÈÜ«∂#x, D q+¨Ü«∞O q#fl `«~°∞"å`« \˜Ñ¨Ó q∂^Œ `«#‰õΩ „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ „â◊^Œú
U~°Ê_çO^Œx, ^•x „ÑüÑ¶Å¨ "Õ∞ „Ñ¨MÏº`« Kåi„`«Hõ #=Å The Sword of Tipu LxH˜Ö’H˜
=zÛO^Œx ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞.
\˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ „áê}ÏÅ∞ =^Œe# P~°∞ QÆO@Å =~°‰õΩ PÜ«∞# =∞~°}Õz#
"å~°Î Z=fiiH© `≥eÜ«∞~åÖË^Œ∞. Ü«Ú^Œú ~°OQÆOÖ’ PÜ«∞# HõxÊOK«‰õΩO_® áÈ=@O`À
Ñ¨Å∞ TÇ¨QÍ<åÅ∞ ™êQÍ~Ú. PÜ«∞# J=∞~°∞_≥·# q+¨Ü«∞O ã¨fi[#∞Å‰õΩ ‰õÄ_®
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N~°OQÆÑ¨@flOÖ’x \˜Ñ¨Ó JO`«óÑ¨Ù~°O tkäÖÏÅ∞

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Jb, \˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ ã¨=∂kè
ã¨xflÇ≤Ï`«∞Å∞ ÉèÏqOK« ™êQÍ~°∞. D "Õ∞~°‰õΩ Ñ¨Å∞ TÇ¨QÍ<åÅ∞ ™êÜ«∞O ã¨=∞Ü«∞O

=~°‰õΩ +≤HÍ~°∞¡ KÕâß~Ú.
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=∞$`«^ÕÇ¨Å =∞^èŒº# qQÆ`« r=Ù_≥·# \˜Ñ¨Ó HõxÊOKå~°∞. JÑ¨Ê\˜H© WOHÍ J#∞=∂#"Õ∞!
\˜Ñ¨Ó „|uH˜ LO>Ë, XHõ¯™êiQÍ ÅOÑ¶≤∞¿ãÎ J"≥∂‡! J#∞‰õΩO@∂ ÉèíÜ«∞O ÉèíÜ«∞OQÍ
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\˜ÑÓ¨ Éè∫uHõ HÍÜ«∞O K«∞@∂ì ™êÜ«Ú^è∞Œ Öˇ#· Ããx· ‰õΩÅ#∞ xÖ’ÛÃÑ\˜,ì U Hõ}Δ Ï<≥fl· `«∞áê‰õΩÅ∞
QÆiO˚ KÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ gÅ∞QÍ \˜ÑÓ¨ ‰õΩ QÆ∞iÃÑ\Õì z PÜ«∞# ^ÕÇ¨ xfl ã¨g∞ÑÖ #∞O_ç ÑïjeOz,
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Ñ¶¨`≥ ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~ü J|∞ÌÖò MÏe^£
"≥∂~ÚAnÌ<£ ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ "≥ÚÇ≤ÏÜ«ÚnÌ<£
Ü«∂ã‘<£ ™êÃÇÏÉò ã¨∞ÉèÏ<£ ™êÃÇÏÉò

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JÑ¨C_»∞ \˜Ñ¨Ó =∞~°}Ïxfl [#~°Öò Ç¨iãπ ^èŒ$=Ñ¨~°∞Û‰õΩ<åfl_»∞. JÑ¨Ê\˜ˆH \˜Ñ¨Ó ^èŒiOKÕ
„Ñ¨`ÕºHõ `«ÅáêQÍ, ÉˇÅ∞ì, Y_»¤O =∂Ü«∞=∞Ü«∂º~Ú.
\˜Ñ¨Ó =∞$`«^ÕÇ¨xfl ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ ÑïjeOz \˜Ñ¨Ó =∞~°}ÕKå~°x x~åú~°}
KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åflHõ, P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ Hõey# P#O^•xfl Ñ¨@ìÖËHõ D <å\˜ #∞O_ç WO_çÜ«∂
=∞#k ("..Now India is Ours.") Jx POˆQ¡Ü«∞ Ãã·xHÍkèHÍi [#~°Öò Ç¨Ïiãπ
„Ñ¨Hõ\ ÕKå_»∞. \˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ ã¨r=OQÍ L#flO`«=~°‰õΩ ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâßxfl Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ `«=∞
QÆ∞ÃÑÊ\’¡H˜ fã¨∞‰õΩ<ÕO^Œ∞‰õΩ ™ê^èŒºO HÍ^Œx, \˜Ñ¨Ó L#flO`« =~°‰õΩ `«=∞ Z`«∞ÎÅ∞–
‰õΩÜ«Ú‰õΩÎÅ∞ ™êQÆ=x „QÆÇ≤ÏOz# „a\©+¨~°∞¡, \˜Ñ¨Ó Hõ#∞fl=¸™êHõ ãÖ`À+Ö Ñ¨@ìÖËHõ
áÈÜ«∂~°∞.
D q[Ü«∞O `«~°∞"å`« F POˆQ¡Ü«∂kèHÍi =∂\Ï¡_»∞`«∂, Defeat of
Srirangapatnam would lay the Eastern empire under our feet Jx
"åºMÏxOKå_»x „Ñ¨=ÚY K«i„`«HÍ~°∞_»∞ l.Ü«∞ãπ ã¨~ˆ âÌ ß~Ú `«# History of Marathas
Ö’ L@OHÕKå_»∞. \˜Ñ¨Ó q∂^Œ q[Ü«∞O ™êkèOKåHõ [iy# qO^Œ∞Ö’ QÆ=~°fl~ü
[#~°Öò ÖÏ~ü¤ "≥Å¡ã‘¡ =∂\Ï¡_»∞`«∂ " Friends today I am taking this glass of
wine on the corpse of India..." J<åfl_»∞. POˆQ¡Ü«∂kèHÍi Thomas Minro..
=∂\Ï¡_∞» `«∂ " We can easily capture all of India but Tipu is the only hurdle.."
J<åfl_»O>Ë \˜Ñ¨Ó „a\©+¨~°¡ ^Œ∞~å„Hõ=∞}#∞ ZO`«QÍ Z^Œ∞~˘¯<åfl_À ZO`«QÍ J=~À^èŒO
JÜ«∂º_À, POˆQÜ ¡ Ú« Å#∞ =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ ™êQÆxfi‰õΩO_® =∞Ô~O`«QÍ xÅ∞=iOKå_À J=QÆÒ«
J=Ù`«∞Ok.
\˜ÑÓ¨ „Ñ¨[Å =∞#ã¨∞ûÅÖ’ Z~°Ê~°K∞« ‰õΩ#fl ã¨∞ã≤~÷ ° ™ê÷<åxfl QÆ=∞xOz# QÆ=~°fl~ü
[#~°Öò ÖÏ~ü¤ "≥Åã¡ ¡‘ „a\©+π Ãã<· åºkèHÍ~°∞Å‰õΩ WzÛ# qO^Œ∞Ö’ =∂\Ï¡_∞» `«∂, q∞„`«∞ÖÏ~å
q∞=∞‡efl ##∞fl D „Ñ¨ÑO¨ K«O =∞iÛáÈ=K«∞Û. J~Ú`Õ \˜ÑÓ¨ ã¨‡ $`«∞Å∞ =∂„`«O HõÅHÍÅO
xÅzáÈQÆÅ=Ù. (..."I fear my friends that Tipu's memor will live long after
the world has ceased to remember you and me...") Jx Ñ¶¨∞#OQÍ x"åà◊√Å∞
JiÊOK«@O qâı+Ö.
\˜ÑÓ¨ Hõ#∞fl=¸™ê_»x x~å÷iOK«∞‰õΩ<åflHõ „a\©+π Ããx· Hõ ‰õÄ@q∞H˜ Ñ¨@Ñì Q¨ ÍæÅ∞
ÖË‰Ωõ O_® áÈÜ«∂~Ú. "≥∞ãÿ ∂¨ ~°∞ ~å[º ~å[^è•x N~°OQÆÑ@¨ flO q∂^Œ POˆQÜ ¡ ∞« ‰õÄ@q∞H˜
K≥Ok# Ãã·xHõ |ÅQÍÅ∞ q[$OaèOKå~Ú. D q[$OÉèí} =¸_»∞ ~ÀAÅ áê@∞
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™êyOk. N~°OQÆÑ¨@flO „Ñ¨[Å#∞ Ü«∞^èÕK«ÛQÍ ^ÀK«∞‰õΩ<åfl~Ú. \˜Ñ¨Ó ‰õΩ@∞Oc‰õΩÅ`À
ã¨Ç¨ , ™ê=∂#º „Ñ¨[Å#∞ âßs~°OQÍ, =∂#ã≤HOõ QÍ Ç≤ÏOã¨Å áêÖË™˚ ê~Ú. „ã‘ÅÎ ∞, =$^Œ∞Åú ∞,
Ñ≤ÅÅ¡ #∞ ÉËÔŒè ÖË‰Ωõ O_® „a\©+~¨ ∞° ¡ N~°OQÆÑ@¨ fl"åã¨∞Å g∞^Œ J`åºKå~åÅ‰õΩ, JO`«∞ÖËx
^ÀÑ≤_çH˜ áêÅÊ_ç, qÅ∞"≥·#k „Ñ¨fk ^ÀK«∞‰õΩx, `«=∞#∞ =ÚÑ¨C uÑ¨ÊÅ∞ ÃÑ\˜ì, =∞\˜ì
HõiÑ≤Oz# \˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ q∂^Œ ÉèíÜ«∞OHõ~°OQÍ Hõã≤ f~°∞Û‰õΩ<åfl~Ú. \˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£
„áê™ê^•xfl Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ ^ÀK«∞‰õΩx q^èŒºOãÖ ™êyOKå~Ú. \˜Ñ¨Ó‰õΩ „Ñ≤Ü«∞"≥∞ÿ#
„QÆO^ä•ÅÜ«∂xfl, „Ñ¨É∞íè `«fiO iHÍ~°∞Å¤ #∞, \˜ÑÓ¨ ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ N~°OQÆÑ\¨ Ïflxfl â◊‡âß#"å\˜H#õ ∞
KÕã≤QÍx â◊`«$ Ãã·x‰õΩÅ∞ JHõ¯_» #∞O_ç x„+¨¯q∞OK«ÖË^Œ∞. D ^ÀÑ≤_çÖ’ ÅaèOz# Ju
qÅ∞"≥·# =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅ∞, |OQÍ~°∞ PÉèí~°}ÏÅ∞, =„[ "≥·_è»∂~åºÅ`À áê@∞QÍ „QÆO^ä•Å∞,
„Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO iHÍ~°∞¤Å∞, ã¨#^£Å∞, \˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ ‰õΩ@∞OÉÏxH˜ ãÖ|OkèOz# „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ
=ã¨∞Î=ÙÅ∞ Jhfl ‰õÄ_® N~°OQÆÑ¨@flO #∞O_ç HõÅHõ`åÎ KÕi J@∞ #∞O_ç WOQÍ¡O_»∞‰õΩ
`«~°e "≥àÏ§~Ú. D JHõ$`åºÅ#∞, Hõ~å‚@Hõ „Ñ¨Éèí∞`«fiO =∂r =∞O„u, K«i„`«HÍ~°∞_»∞
[<åÉò =∞Ç¨Ï=∞‡^£ "≥Ú~Ú#∞nÌ<£ ~åã≤# N~°OQÆÑ¨@flO JÑ¶π@~ü _®<£ J#∞ POQÆ¡
„QÆO^äŒOÖ’ ã¨q=~°OQÍ ¿Ñ~˘¯<åfl~°∞.
â◊„`«∞=Ù KÕ`« ‰õÄ_® Ñ¶¨∞#"≥∞ÿ# x"åà◊√Å∞, „Ñ¨â◊Oã¨Å∞ JO^Œ∞‰õΩ#fl \˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£
ÖÏO\˜ ã¨fi^Õj áêÅ‰õΩÅ∞ ÉèÏ~°`«^Õâ◊ K«i„`«Ö’ J~°∞^Œ∞. P HÍ~°}OQÍ z=i <≥`«∞Î~°∞
ÉÁ@∞ì <ÕÅ~åÖË =~°‰õΩ „a\©+¨~°¡`À áÈ~å_ç, z=~°‰õΩ ~°}~°OQÆOÖ’ Hõ#∞fl=¸ã≤#,
ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ O◊ QÆifiOK«^yŒ # =Ú^Œ∞aÌ _»_¤ ∞» \˜ÑÓ¨ ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ K«i„`«ÑÙ¨ @ÅÖ’ J~°∞^≥#· âßâ◊fi`«
™ê÷#O á⁄O^•~°∞.
b
65
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P^è•~° „QÆO^ä•Å∞ – Ñ¨„uHõÅ∞

01. Who is Who Indian Martyrs ( 3 Vols.) - Dr. PN. Chopra
02. History of Freedom Movement in India (4 Vols.),
Dr. TaraChand, Govt of India, New Delhi, 1992
03. Freedom Movement and Indian Muslims - Santimoy Ray
04. Mopilla Muslims and Kerala - Ronald E. Miller, 1976
05. Encyclopedia of Muslim Biography , 5 Vols., Ed. by N. Kr.
Singh, APHPC, New Delhi, 2001
06. Muslims India, 3 Vols. Ed. by Naresh Kumar Jain, Manohar,
1979
07. The Role of Minorities in Freedom Struggle Ed. by Dr.A.A
Engineer
08. The Muslims in British India - P. Hardy, 1972
09. Kerala Muslims - Ed. by Dr. Asghar Ali Engineer
10. India’s Struggle for Independence - Dr.Bibin Chandra
11. An Advanced History of India - RC Majumdar
12. History of India - E.Marsden
13. Tipu Sultan - Prof. B.Sahaik Ali
14. Arungzeb and Tipu Sultan - Dr. BN Pande
15. History of India - James Mill
16. Sword of Tipu - Gidwani
17. The Discovery of India - Jawaharlal Nehru
18. India’s Struggle for Freedom - An Album
19. Strom over Srirangapatnam - P.Fernandaz
20. Bondage and Freedom - Dr Visweswaraiah
21. Muslims in India - S.Abul Hasan Ali Nadwai
22. Eminent Muslims Freedom Fighters - G. Allama
23. The Milli Gazette, English Fortnightly Issues, New Delhi
66
35
24. Geeturai, Telugu Weekly Issues, Hyderabad
25. Souvenir, IOS, New Delhi, 1998
26. Radiance, Views Weekly Issue on Tipu Sultan, Aug. 1999
27. Hindustani Musalmano ka Jang-e-Azadi Mei Hissa (Hindi) -
Syed Ibrahim Fikri, New Delhi
28. Bharatha Swathanryadalli Muslimara patra ( Kannada),
Khuddim Pub lications, Karnataka, 1999.
29. Tipu ki Jeevan (Hindi) - D.L.Nigam
30. Bharatha Swathntrodyamam : Muslimlu, (Telugu) Syed Naseer
Ahamed
31. Swathamtra Samgarma Charitra ( Telugu), M.Nagabhushanam
32. Bharatha Swathantrya Sayudha Samara Charitra ( Telugu),
Padala Rama Rao.
33. Brief History of Andhra Pradesh, Ed. by Mohd. Abdul Waheed
Khan, Govt.of AP, Hyderabad, 1972.
34. Encyclopedia of Women Biography, 3 Vols. Ed. by Nagendra
K. Sing, AHPPC, New Delhi, 2001.
35. WWW. Tipusultan. Org
36. WWW. Mysore Samacharam .Com
~°K«~Ú`« W`«~° ~°K«#Å∞

01. ÉèÏ~°`« ™êfi`«O„`Àº^Œº=∞O ó =Úã≤¡O =∞Ç≤Ïà◊Å∞
02. ÉèÏ~°`« ™êfi`«O„`Àº^Œº=∞O ó PO„^èŒ„Ñ¨^Õâò =Úã≤¡OÅ∞
03. ÉèÏ~°`« ™êfi`«O„`Àº^Œº=∞O ó =Úã≤¡O „Ñ¨*ÏáÈ~å\ÏÅ∞
04. ÉèÏ~°`« ™êfi`«O„`Àº^Œº=∞O ó =Úã≤¡OÅ∞
05. +¨Ç‘Ï^£ –ÜÕ∞– P[O JëêÊùY∞ÖÏ¡ MÏ<£
06. ÉèÏ~°`« ™êfi`«O„`«ºãÖ„QÍ=∞O ó =Úã≤¡O Ü≥∂^èŒ∞Å∞–1
67
"≥∞ÿã¨∂~ü Ñ¨Ùe \˜Ñ¨Ó ã¨∞ÖÏÎ<£ ã¨Ü«∞º^£ #j~ü JÇ¨Ï=∞‡^£
MYSORE TIGER : TEEPU SULTHAN

Telugu title of this book is MYSORE PULI : TEEPU SULTHAN.
In this book titled Mysore Tiger : Teepu sultan, life Sketches of Teepu is given with good number of rare photos,
highlighting the very special nature of Teepu. And refuting the criticism and malicious propaganda or tirade against Teepu
fabricated by some communal forces and anti Muslims elements against the Teepu, with historical evidence. For the
preparation of this book Writer went to Sreerangapatnam, Mysore twice to get information and Photos of Teepu.
This Book contains total 78 pages of 1/8th Demmy Size with Multi color title published in 2006.
Actually this book is published in 2002 with 32 Pages only. Later on it was rewised published second time.

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