A. Gyorcakun C.Cnupuna OcHOBBbI HOCAeJOBATEIbHOrO llepeBoya Mu nepeBosxuecKkon ckoponncn Ls HA «IKCUPHMO»dywaxnn AT, Compnna CP. Ocuosni nocie10BaTebHOro Hepenosa H NepeBox4eckoii cKOoponHcH + KulaccnepHkallia BHIOB MOCeJOBAaTEsbHOTO NepeBosa. -M.: Visa. 20M «3Kcnpumo», 2007. - 88 c. B kHure KpaTKO paccMaTpMBaIOTCA OCHOBHbIe BONpOCbI NepeBoAYecKon AeATeNbHOCTH, AaloTCA Gas0Bble CBEAeHUA O NOCNeAOBaTeNbHOM NepeBoze. DjaHHoe yue6Hoe noco6ue npeAvasHayeHo Ona _HKayanbHoro nepuona o6yueHns OcHOBaM ycTHoro nepesona. MoxeT 6biTb Takxe Vcnonb30BaHO B KONNemKaX, NUYEAX, Ha KyPCaX MHOCTPaHHbIX ABbIKOB, Ha CchaKynbTeTaXx MHOCTPaHHbIX A3bIKOB HEASBIKOBbIX BY3OB. Sto nepsas KHura HOBO Cepuu «Ac nepesoga» - yHuKaNbHOrO WMKNa NOATOTOBKM YCTHEIX Nepeso_ynkoB WMpOKOrO Npocbuna. A must for the conference interpreter, student and lecturer. An invaluable practical quide to all types of interpretation. For real friends of the art of interpretation. Unique in the world and unprecedented in history. © A.YyKakun, 2007 r. © Du3zaiin amGnemel, o6wasr KoHYeNuUMA, paspa6orka npoexta cep u 3CK3 o6noxK — A.UyKaknH, 2007 r. © World of Interpreting and Translation (WIT) Series, 1997. A,Chuzhakin Tlepenoqueckas KOMMaHHA «OKCIIpHMo». Ter: 740-40-69, cbaxc: 201-91-66 E- mail: lavrenovich @ex-primo.com Where client is king. Nognucaxo B nevatb 05.09.2007 r. Bymara ocbcetHaa. Popmart 60x84/16. u3.neu.n. 5,5. Yu.-w3g.n. 4,7 Saxa3 17. Tupak 3000 ak3. (npenpUHTHbIN THparx 500 3K3.) OtneyataHo B Tunorpacpuu «ABaHriMoH» 413035 Mocxsa, Bon. OpabinKa, 24 Ten.: (495) 951-71-45, cpakc: (495) 953-40-70Per aspera. Or aBropoB Kuura upegua3nadena 1a WMpoKoro Kpyra HHTepecyrOUWHxXcA YCTHbIM MepeBOOM, HO Nperxkse BCerO IIA CTYCHTOB H yualyAxca. Hawa uenb - cienath 970 moco6ve MaKcHMabHO KpaTKHM, HHOpMaTHBHBIM H ACrKHM IA MOHHMAHHA HW OCBOCHHA yCTHOTO nepesona (YIT) B TakHXx ero acneKTax Kak CKOPONHCb, BHAbI H THIEL, WX TPyAHOCTH MH CHewMduka, a TakoKe NpodeccHOHAbHble NPHeMEBI, NopbiuaioulMe aleKBaTHocTb YII HM coBepuleHcTByiomlHe ero Mpe3seHTallHbo. Bce 310 BnepBbie COBOKYMHO, Y€TKO H JOCTYMHO H3102%KeHO HEDKE. Hageemca, 4TO BbI NOJIYYHTE TaKOe KE YROBOJIBCTBHE, Kak aBTopsi B npouecce paborEi. Basics of Consecutive Interpreting and Rapid Note- Taking is a modern guide for students of interpreting. It includes the latest in theory and professional experience in the growing field of inter-cultural communication. Special attention is given to the main principles of interpreters’ notation, a system of coding information during negotiations or public speaking, etc., in formal or informal situations. The manual includes a well-structured and detailed division on the “do's and do not’s” for the consecutive translation, as well as the latter's detailed classification. Asroppt — BbipakatoT = mpu3HatesmbHocre —‘[T.Tlanaxk4eHko, M Jlanmunoii, 1 Tuccen 3a ucnosb30BaHHble Marepuant.NMHFE HoTHMe CHE Me YoRyern 123056, Mockra, ep. fpacta, 2.16 emp. (495) 740-40-69 infowex-primo.com www ex primo. pie 725 Tlepesoaueckas KOMNAaHHS IKCIpHMO Tlepenomueckat KoMnannia = «IKCNpHMo» —cyulecTByeT Ha pbiHKe Tepepoguecknx yenyr c anpeaa 2006 roma, c roma Havana npencenatenbctea Poccuu & Conete Esponni. Haina KoMnaiia — 210 oObeaiHeHme OmbITHEIx MeHEDKEpoB, NepeBoayHkoB, pemaKTOpoB. Mbi c ysepeHHOCTbIO 3anBIAEM, YTO "BepHo 3HaeM Halle 1es10". xeHHA. Ho 9TO He JOUKHO BbISbIBaTb KOMIMIeKCoB H HeyBepeHHocTH B cee. B 4em oke cocronT KommeTeHuNa Mepepon4unKka? Bo BiagqeHHi HaBbIKaMH YCTHOFO flepeBola, NPOeccHOHAbHOM 3HAHHH posHOrO: (!) 4 MHOcTpaHHOrO s3bIKOB, a TakoKe B OONACTH CTpaHOBedeHHA, B OCO3HAHHM MOXKKYJSTYPHBIX pa3NHUHii HB «TECHOM 3HAKOMCTBE» C MPOTOKOJIOM, STHKETOM, HalMOH@IbBHBIMH TpaHihaAMi WH oOBIdaaMH. Try6oKoe oco3sHaHHe H BsYMYHBOe MIPHMeHEHHe yka3aHHbIX ocoGenHocTei YIT nomoxkeT NOBBICHTE Fo asIeKBaTHOCTD. NB! Show the following to your Principle Interpreting is a hard, stressful and challenging job. Content in interpreting process is “dematerialized” — it does not exist at the moment on paper, display, chart etc. — only as sound waves. Consequently, losses of content are inevitable. Try to bring them to a minimum and be very attentive, alert in order to avoid distortions or omissions. If you are confident and use the “stage fright” and excitement to mobilize all the mental and physical resources of your brain and body, the result will be more impressive. Obviously if you master the fundamentals of interpreter’s note- taking it will make you confident and at ease under any circumstances.For Interpreters: Basic Rules of Adequate Interpreting | Convey ideas, not words ” Never panic or lose control. Be cool, sound assertive, but not aggressive 3 Concentrate and be quick to react and shift from one language to another, 4. Always try to jot down digits, terms, dates and names and other key info. 5. Be careful not to omit important content or inadvertently add anything. Be impartial and calm. 6 Speak loud, clear, not too fast or slow. Watch your movements. 7 Make eye contact, smile, create an casygoing impression and pleasant atmosphere. 8. Ask for clarification if in doubt, but not too often, if ever. 9. Learn basics of note-taking at least for precision information. 10.Compiete your sentences and do not correct yourself in midspeech. Use appropriate intonation of completion and certainty. (1. Interpret in the first person singular. 12. Remember that you have no control or responsibility for what the Principal says, but you are: - professionally - ethically - legally responsible for the adequacy of your translation. (3. Do not disclose any insider information. 14. Make friends with your Principal. 15. Ask for permission to correct your Principal, if he/she ever makes an obvious mistake, gaffe, or if you feel it is a slip of a tongue. 16.Get ready for any event — talks, interviews, formal or intormal, and ask for advance information on “who, what and how”. 17. Learn by doing. Learn something new every day. 18. Discuss your performance with your Principal, ask for advice and comment. 19. Compile your own glossaries of relevant terms. 20. Remember — mistakes do happen. Take them in stride.For Principals: How to Be Interpreter-Friendly and Communicate in a Foreign Language Part A (General) In order to avoid mistakes and be understood better, please try to follow this advice when you deal with your Interpreter/Translator. 1. Try to speak Standard English. 2. Try to speak clearly, not too fast and loud enough. 3. Speak in shorter sentences, stop to allow interpreting. 4. Avoid slang, local expressions, colloquialisms, corporate jargon and puns (play on words). 5. Try to explain terminology and new concepts. 6. Allow some time to get used to your accent (foreign or regional US or UK). 7. Express your idcas cohcrently and logically. 8. If possible show the interpreter your notes, power points of the text of your oral presentation some time before the event. 9. Create the comfortable psychological climate, be friendly and patient — to err is human... 10. Remember that up to 80% of success in talks or presentations depend on correct interpreting. Help it happen. Part B (specifics) 1. It is better to have a permanent interpreter who will get accustomed to your manner of speech, job and position, accent and favorite expressions and jokes. 2. Be aware of cultural differences, ask your interpreter to explain local customs and traditions. 3. If you build trust and the chemistry is right, you can allow you interpreter to tailor and adjust your words to the situation to avoid embarrassment due to lack of knowledge of national peculiarities and tastes. 4. Make your interpreter your trusted language, communication and cultural adviser. 5. Be especially careful with figures and names! Pronounce them clearly and slowly, do not shur.Part C ! Il you are assigned a call-off interpreter, talk with him/her to help yet used to your accent. © Give hinvher your business card for the correct identification of your position and name, 4 I:xplain what you expect of the talks etc., ask for his/her advice on how to speak: in short sentences or for any reasonable time Gf the interpreter has not-taking techniques and can adequately interpret even lengthy passages). 4. Please take note that untranslated passages longer than 3-5 minutes can bore the audience or your counterpart. S. Be careful with jokes and funny stories — they can loose the punch in translation due to different background and culture of the audience. Creative Advice to Teachers It helps to set up a display in a classroom with the 25 Golden Rules of Interpretation on colored paper (printouts). Tlepesoyueckan 91HKka (IpodbeccnoHambHad 3THKa 3aHHMaeT BaKHOe MECTO B Hepewoeckon AexTeMbHOCTH — BeAb 93Ta Mpodeccua cBA3aHa upexkje Rcero c Mepefayeii HHdopmMauMH, a He TOMBKO CO chepoii obcayxuBaHHA, KaK CHHTaIOT HeKoTOpbie. CaeayeT YeTKO yACHHTE, 4TO HEPeBONMHK HECET MOMHY!O OTBETCTBEHHOCTE 3a ANeKBATHOCTE cBe EHH, pOxOnAMHx Yepe3 Hero, B Halll TeXHOTPOHHBIiT BeK WlaIcHe HHopMauvei YacTO sBsIAeTCA 3an0roM ycnexa (HK Heya), a €@ HOCHTEb HMeeT BO3MOXKHOCTb HCMOMb30BaTE €€ B ONPENCHEHUbIX LEAX, BO Bpex HAW Ha MOAb3y MHGO cebe, 1460 Kakoit 11460 43 CTOpOH. Upannio Net (ocHosHoe): He pasrialuaTe HHoOpMauHiO, o6slagaTenem KOTOpOH CTaHOBHUIbCA. Upanu.o Ne 2: skemaTeNbHO YCTAHOBUTb JOBEpHTeNbHbIC oTHoUIeHHa ¢ TeMH, Ha Koro paGoraeurb’. ' Pancipal — the person you're interpreting for (cp. naTpoH, KnMeHT, ToMOpHUIMH wT.) 9Upasuno Ne 3: Tipasusto Ne 4: Tpasuso Ne 5: Mpasnato Ne 6: TIpasn.to Ne 7: IIpasu.to Ne 8: Hpasu.to Ne 9: HeoOXOJMMO cobMONAaTh BEEP KKY H XMAAMOKPOBHE Ware BIKCTPEMAALIILIX oGcrosTenbcrBax, ObIT BCera KOppeKTHEIM, Be2KIMBBIM, akKYpaTHO H K MeCTY O/eTBIM, NOATAHYTBIM H YeTKHM, MYHKTYa@IbHBIM H TpenynpeAMTesteHbIM (Kak TOBOpHTcA, comme il faut). NO BO3MOXHOCTH He NOGaBsATE OT cea (HE BBIXOMHTb 3a PaMKH CKa3aHHOrO), BO3e€P»KHBATBCA OT KOMMEHTAPHEB H BbIP@KEHHA cBoei TOUKH 3peHHA, He ONycKaTs 63 HYKAbL yacTb MHCOpMallHH. B cay¥ae HEOOXOAHMOCTH NOACHHTL OcOGeHHOCTH Hal\MOHasbHOrO XapakTepa, MeHTANMTeTAa, TPaAHUMii H KYsbTYpbI, 3HaKOMBIe NepeBOAMHKy 1 HeBCOMBIe BallleMy NapTHepy, ¢ TEM YTOOBL NOBBICHTD KIL OGUeHHA H OCTHYb Gonee NOMHOFO B3aHMOTIOHMMaHHA. CACHYCT OKA3bIBATb KOHKPeTHY!O NOMOIMLb, Kora oHa TpeGyeTcs TeM, KTO HeqocTaTOYHO OpHeHTHpyerca B CHTyatMH, B OcoGeHHOCTH 3a py6exom, Jake BHe paboy4ero BpemeHH H Ges AONOMHUTEABHOH OTLIaTEI. MOCTOAHHO NOBbIMATh KBaIHpHKALHIO, npodeccuonambHoe Macrepcrso, pacuimpars H yrny6naTb 2pyAMUMIO B pasIH4HbIx OOaCTAX 3HaHHA, CNeLHasIH3HpyACk TO BOSMOXKHOCTH Ha OfHOM HanpaBneHHH (mpaso, (PuHAHchl, 9kOOrHA wmp.). Lepo JEN TeCA 3HaHHAMH H OMbITOM C MOJIOABIMH H HadHHatollMMu NeperowuMKaMH. co6monaTs KOpmopaTHBHyt0 COMHapHOCTE H NpobeccHOHabHyt0 STHKY, NOBBIMIATb MpecTHK 10npoceccuu, He HITH Ha JEMMMHPOBy!O OmlaTy cpoero Tpyza. Npasusto Ne 10 (aaymauéoe): cayyaiino HapyiiMe OHO 13 NpabHn, He nonayarpen! Bo3smoxuble KOHPAMKTHBIC CHTYaUMH H Kak HX H30eKaTE Bsr anaete, YTO NepenenM mpaBunbHo, HO BApyT CABIUHTE: «Ecan § MpaBHbHO MOHAN nepepom4unka..» — H Jalbule YIBep»KNAeTCA MPAMO MPOTHBONOO2X*KHOe TOMY, YTO CKa3asIH BB. A nHorga M Tak: «locnoqHH Mpegcenatenb, Gorwcb, 4TO MOxKeT BOSHHKHYTb Heflopa3yMeHHe 13-34 HEBAKHOFO MepeBora». Ect w Apyrne (popMys1bI AJ191 BbI[BIOKeEHHA NpeTeH3Hii K TepeBo- nunky. Uto gematb, ech Bbl yBepeHbi, 4YTO 3TH NnpeTeH3HH COBepuIeHHO HeOGOcHOBaHHBI? Tlpexne cero, MOMHMTb BaxkHelilee mpaBHNO ycTHOrO nepesoy4unka — HHKOra He _MaHWKOBAT, NPOABIATS BbILepKKY B mo6pix_cuTyaunax. He Hago 6pocaTeca 3allyHulaTb CBOH NepeBog, BRICKa3bIBaTb = MOAYeEpKHYTOe §=paspaKerne, oOpaulaTecd 3a NOATBEPKJEHMEM NpaBHIBHOCTH K [pyroii cTopoHe. Ecaw peub wget 0 feficTBHTenbHOM HeqOpa3yMeHHH HM Bac HeNpaBHALHO NOHSTH WI HEBHHMATeNLHO coyWAaTH, TO pavo win TlO3AHO BCe OGpasyeTcs, B3aHMONOHHMaHHE BOccTaHoBuTcA. Econ HHKaKOrO HEAOMOHHMaHHA HeT H ToBopallnii «cBalHBacT> Ha NepeBow4Hka BHHY 3a CBO COOCTBEHHbIii MPOMaX, XOYeT NOTAHYTS Bpems mM COHTB c TONKy Apyryto cTopony (6biBaeT H TaKoe!), BOSMOXKHO, NPHMETCA NOALITPaTb EMY, BPEMCHHO «MOTEPAB AHLO». Ecaw xe BbI MpocTo HMeeTe TENO C YeOBEKOM CO B3}OPHbIM xapakTepOM, OCTAeTCA TOMbKO NocouyecTBOBAaTE. YTeWIeHHeM MOxKeT GbiTh TO, YTO B NOAOOHOM NOMOXKEHHH OKA3bIBACTCH XOTb pa3 B OKMGHH KAKI = YCTHBI = MepenonuuHk, 910 cRBoero pola fpodeccHOHamIbHbtii PHCK. Practice Makes Perfect IlpodbeccnonanbHblii ycTHbIii NepeBOAYHK JO‘DKeH TPeHHpOBaTh 1naspikn YJ], Kak MmMaHHCcT Manbubl, — perynapHo, ynopHo NOcHeAOBaTeNbHO, OCOHEHHO Nepes BaKHLIMH MepOnpHATHAMH. Camoctostenbuaa paGota HeoOxosHMa H CTYsIeHTaM, Tak Kak B xoge yyeOHOro mpouecca He BCera ylaeTCA pa3BHTb HMeHHO HappikH V/7 — rpynnel, kak npasnnio, Gonbuine, a 3anaTHii He Tak MHoro. Vitak, craqun camonogrotosKH. 1. Oven none3sHo nepeBopHTh MHCbMeHHO, aHanH3Mpys H CpaBHHBad TEKCTbI, 3aMOMHHas § (BBITIMCbIBaa) MHTepecHbie Hu TIOMe3HbIe CIOBA H BLIPAKEHHA, TEPMHHBI H Tip. 2. BecbMa mpoylykrHBeH Merog OGpaTHoro nepeBoyta: B3KTb anrmmiicknit TekcT, nepepeyenHblii Ha pyccKHii, camomy mepenecTH Ha anraviickuii WH cpaBHuTbh Cc OpHrHHanom (HH CpaBHUTb aHraHiickHii Mepesog C pyCCKHM OpHrHHa0M). 3. O6merve c HOCHTeNeM sa3bIKa, OCOOeEHHO 3HaIOIHM HH H3y4aIOLMM pyCccKHii, KpaiiHe Mose3HO 1a NepeBos4Hka. B3aumMonomouth 8 pa36ope TeKCTOB, COBMeCTHbI aHau3 4 o6cyayenne OMIMGOOK B TpamMMaTuke, NeKcuKke (coueTaeMOCTH COB) B PYCCKOM H aHrnHiicKOM s3bIkax. OObacHeHHe naptHepy TOHKOCTeli pycckoro A3bika («MO¥eMy Tak HeIb34 CKa3aTb»), oOcyxKTeHHe Pa3IM4HBIX BapHaHTOR epeBofa, cpaBHeHHe (ppaseos0rHH, pa3rosopHbix OOopoTos — B ObuleM, fonbiTaiiTech B3TAHyTb Ha POAHOH A3bIK Yepe3 NPH3My HHOCTpaHHOrO (ry1a3aMH H3yyatoUlero). 4. OrpaSorka m 3anucb nepesoga TIM (npeu3nonHoit HHOpMaLHH) C HCNOMB3OBAHHEM TEKCTOB, HaCbIMICHHbIX LMdpamMn 1 MMeHaMH CO6CTBCHHBIMH. 5. Tpocayumeanve mieHok ui mpocmotp nepezar TB, BHJeOMaTepHaoB C pa3IMYHbIMH BapHaHTaMH auraniicKkoro (US, Australia, South Africa) u "Broken English" (India, Africa, South- East Asia, etc.). 6. Orpa6orka nepenoyja pa3iM4HbIx TeMmoB peyH — or HOpMaNbHOrO No SbicTporo. 7. YnpaxkHeHHa Ha TPeHHpPOBKy COYeTAeMOCTH H ee pasIHYHBIX AOMYCTHMBIX BapHaHTOB B PYCCKOM H aHIAHHicKoM (HampHMep: natural disaster — HaTypanbHaa KaTactpoda win CTHXxHiiHOE Genctaue?). 128. Tpenvposka pa3B0eHHa BHHMaHHS: Norbitaiiech NepeBoAuTb YeTHo o{HOBpeMeHHO pucoBats, nepebupate Gymarn B nopribene, paccmarpnRatb doTorpadHH B 2%ypHanax HW T.A. Dro ocobeHHO nosiesHo Jia GyAYMMX CHHXPOHHCTOB. 9. PaspuTHe pein (CHHOHHMHKa) — nepeBesHTe TeKCT, a 3aTeM NORTOpHTe, MPHMeHAA Kak MOXKHO MeHbUIe COB HM BBIpaKenuit, Hchosb3IOBAHHBIX B MepBbIit pas. 10. TIpakruueckne 3aHsTHA MO «apTHCTH3My»: TpeHHposKa Mbtxanna (ctapaiirech roROpHTh Ha BbIOXe); H3xKHRAliTe CHoOBa- napa3uTbI (60m, Hy, KaK 6e1; just, really, well, etc), noctTapaiirech W30aBHTLCA OT «KeHLMH paboTaeT HeoaHHakoso. Pasnn4Ha 9TH He BpOrMEHHbIe, a, CKOpcc, npmo6petenubie. B cpewHeM 2KeHUIMHa Nyuule NOMHHT JHua 4 wMena. Myk4nubl 2ke XOPOIIO BOCPHHHMAaIOT ycTpolicTBa pasHbIx MalliMH H_MeXaH43MOB, 3arlOMHHaioT OOujee_Hanpapnenne. Onn XPaHAT B NaMATH Kak Obl «KapTY MECTHOCTH», @ %KEHLHHbI HaXOQAT AOpory Mo opHeHtHpam. Ha faoxyio MaMsTh 4aCTO CBaIMBaIOT HEBO3MO2KHOCTE BCNOMHHTL HMA YeNoBeKa, OHAKO We0 BORCE He B 9TOM. MHorga He oOpaltaetiib BHHMaHHe Ha HMa NnpesicTaBneHHoro BaM 4esm0BeKa, a NOTOM, CCTeCTBEHHO, HE MOKeLIb eTO BCMOMHHTS (HMCH MHOrO, 1 OHM MpakTHYeckH He CBA3aHbI C HX BiayenbuaMH). Ucnospsyiire accounausn 4 _axasorun. [ocrapaiirece cas3aT, HMA 4eNOBeKa C ero JIHIIOM, Of@KNOH, © ApyrHM MMeHeM, co 3HaKOMOH BaM necHeli HT. TipH meperone onpenennte, _4TO cseayeT 3aNOMHNTh _B oGs3aTebHOM nopaKke. He satpaunpaiire ycuanii Ha 3arloMHHaHHe HecylleCTBEHHbIX ¢pakToR, CBeeHHii, NeTaneii. CKkOoHLIeHTpHpyiite CBoe BHUMAaHHE Ha TOM, TO BbI YHTaeTe HIN cnyuiaete. Tax, ecaH BbI Gerno mpocmorpeM sty cTaTBIo, TO sanlOMHHIH =B oAyuuem csayuae 10% copepxauieiica B Heit nudopmauwn. Ecan ke BbI nmpowuTaere ce BHHMATEJIbHO, TO 3anomunte 90%. Buwmanwe —- 370 KON K 3anoMMHaHHMIO HM asekBaTHOMy nepesopy, ocoGeHHo c seta, Sanomunaiite co3HatesbHo. Bo3bmyte 3a MpaBMsio NoBTOpsTE Mpo ce6s, YTO BLi OYCHL XOTHTE 3afOMHHTb TO, YTO TOMLKO 4TO y3Hanu. 143anomunaiire mocTeneHHo Hayuntecs 3anOMHHaTb HHGopMayHio He GONBUIHMH MaCCHBaMH H cpa3y, a MaleHbKMMH NOPUHAMH H He cneula. Tlonp3yiirecn 3anucHoli KHIDKKOH, MarHHTOoHOM, HHOpMalHOHHEIMH KapTO¥KaMM WIM OpyramMH «floApy4HbiMu CpencTBaMH» MaMATH: CO3HATE/IBHBU akT perncrpanwA HHbopMauHA cnoco6eTpyer syiemy 3anomMHNaliHtO. He nyraiirech nposasos B naMaTH. CMHpHTecb ¢ TeM, 4TO Balla NaMsTb HecoBepuleHHa: 4eM MeHbule Gonibca COoeR namsTH, TeM perxke OHM MpoHcxogaT. ipa ypoBua _ycrHoro nepesosa B cuny cpoei cnenuMpHKH H B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT cTeneHH MOAPOTOBKH, 3HaHHit, cnocobxocteii, TpocpeccnoHanH3ma nepesogsuero YI] moxet HATH Ha YypoBHe NOHHMAaHHA, AOCTATOUHOM AVIA OCYLECTBJIGHH _KOMMYHHKAaUHK, Te. [UIA BOCTIPHATHA HHPOPMaLHH, HO HEAOCTATOHO aEKBATHOM B CMBICJIE coyepKanua uM cbopmel R mane coueTaemocTH cnor, RHGopa NeKCHKH, a TO H NpocTo orosopoK HW np. B AaHHom cnyyae YIT BBINOAHACT MHLb KOMMYHHKATHBHY}O (yHKUMIO HW MepeBoAdHK He ocobenHo 3a6oTuTca 06 ocpopmMieHnH cKazaHHOro. Takoii yposeHe XapakTepeH 218 HenpodeccHoHanos H HadHHarOWHX NepeBOAYHKOB. AIpyroe zeno, korga upux YIT gocraraetca saMOMaTHNeEcKHiL YPOBEHB, T.c. MepeBOA MOMHOCTEIO aeKBaTeH HM 3BYYHT slerko, €CTECTBEHHO, KpacHBO, NPH NpaBHAbHOH coueTaeMocTH cnoB. ITO Herve JOCTHYb NpH Meperoje Ha ponHod 351k, a TpeSonanHa «K YIT Ha HHOCTpaHHbH OObEKTHBHO HECKObKO CHHDKaIOTCA, TeM Gomee Ha NepBOHAYAIBHOM 3Talle NOLTOTOBKH YCTHOTO NepeBoyHka. Wanomatnyeckuii yposenb YII jfocturaerca Ha ocHoBe rayG6oxoro 3HaHHA He TOAbKO HHOCTpaHHOrO, HO H podHozo A3biIKa, NYTeM BAYMYHBOM H ynOpHO paOoTbi, TPeHHPOBKH Ha 3aHATHAX, a TaWKE CAMOCTOATEIbHO: Yepe3 H3YYeHHe MHTepaTypbl, aanv3 TekcTos, oTG0p M 3aNOMHHaHHe CTEpeOTHMHbIX BbIPWKEHHI, KIIHLIC, CTaHAapTHbIx paz, WramMnos, paseonorM“4eckHx HW pa3rOBOPHbIX o6opoTos, TepMuHOB, ocobeHHO B (pHHaHCOBO-9KOHOMHYeCKOH (GaHKOBCKOM) H TeXHHYeCKOH Cpepax. 15Tpuaga YI Yerupiii (aBycToponHHii) nepenoy = cHookHBIii NCUXONMHTRHCTHYeCKHH §=poecc, B KOTOpOM HaneKTHYueckH CAMBaIOTCA 3HAHHe _§3bIKOB, pozHOrO H HHOCTpakKHoro, COOTRETCTBYIONMH MCHXONOTHYeCKHi HacTpoli, a TaKwxKe oOulad apyauuna (PoHoBbie 3HaHHA, erudition, background knowledge). Mlenxonorna Ase 1/1 Spyanysn Oro Tak Ha3bIBaemast Tpvana YT: s3piku I/II, mcuxonorus 1 apyaunus. Ree tpu rakneiimx KOMNOHeHTa, HMeIOT nowTH ONMHaKoOBoe 3Ha4eHHe. Tlepesog, Tem Gonee yerHeiii pasymeetca, BOOOIIe HEBO3MO%KEH Ge3 rayGoKoro 3HaHHA H HHOCTpaHHOro, H poAHoro s3BEIKOB. Ecan TIEPBOE BNOJIHE OUCBH AHO, TO BTOPOE MOXKET BbIZBaTb BOMIPOC: pa3sBe HeQOCcTaTOUNO BMAReHHA POAHLIM AZEIKOM, Bb MBI ero HOCHTECJIN, BIIHTABLUHE pycexuit A3bIK C MOJIOKOM MaTepH? OgHako mpakTHka Noka3bIBaeT, 4TO AIA ycnewHoro YIT BaxKHO YMeHve NopoiitH kK posHOMy ABbIKY Kak K HHOCTPaHHOMy, B3rIsHyB Ha Hero CO CTOPOHBI, KaK Opt B3PJIAOM HHOCTpaHla, WH MpH ITOM XOPOLIO BIALETh PeabIO. (Ipu o6yyennu YII «seinesatoT» cambie pa3Hble orpexu, npuyemM, KaK HH MapanOKcasIbHO, M3-3a HEMOCTATOYUHOTO 3HaHHA MMEHHO POJHOPO A3bIKa, HCYMCHHA ACHO, YETKO H KpaTKO BbIPa3HTb CBOIO MBICIb, H3-3a cnaGoro BayeHHA (PyHKUMOHATBHbIMH CTHAMH Ppycckoro A3bIka. Tl-baxrop OctaHoBHMca Teflepb KpaTKO Ha NCHXOOrHYeCKOM acneKTe yo, T.€, NCHXOJOFHYeCKOH MOATOTOBKe ANA TIPEOMONCHHA BOJHCHHA, THIMYHOPO IA CTPeCCOBBIX cuTyaunii. Kaxgomy 3HAKOMO 9TO COCTOAHHE BO BPEMA 9K3AMCHA, co6ecezopanna. A onbit 9k3aMcHoB No mpezmety YIT noKa3bipacr, Kak B@KHO HMeTb COOTBETCTBYIOWIMii HacTpoii, yMeTb AepiKaTb ce6a 16B pykax. K coxkaleHHIo, Ha 3K3aMeHaX CHIbHbIC, DOOpOcoBecTHEle, HO B COCTORHHM CTpecca CTYMCHTbI MOKa3bIBaIOT Pe3yAbTAaTBI HHDKE CBOHX BO3MOr%KHOcTeH. YIT — Bcerma HcnBITaHHe Ha mpodbeccHoHanbHy!O NOALOTOBKY, BuIaeHKe HaBbIKAaMH, YMeHHe cMpaBHTBca C BOHCHHCM. Ognako ysepeHHocTh B ceGe, OMbIT, xopomlee BlaqeHHe cekpeTaMH H «M@ICHBKHMH XHTPOCTAMH» MOMOFalOT TepeBosLeMy TIpeOAONETh CTOMb NOHATHOE, HO HEHy2KHOe BONHEHHe, Kora Ha Bac HasipaBleHo BCe BHHMaHHe ayqHTOpHH. OcoGeHHo cHbHbI NCHXOMOFH4ECKHH peccuHr HMeer MecTO TIpH MocnepoRaTeNnbHOM Nepenoge. CuHXpoHHcT HaxomHTCA BHe BHUMaHHA TIYOJIMKH, OH 3aLMULeH OT ayAHTOPHH CTeHKaMH KaOHHBI, MOXKET JIYYLUe COCPeHOTONHTECA, HHYTO He OTBMeKaeT efO H OH uysetsyeT ce6a Gonee KomdpoprHo. TlonyyatemH wHdopmauHn BOCNPVHUMANOT JIMLIb «POs0c CBbIWe», 3By4ail|Hid B HayLUHUKaX. Bonvenve, Hepsosxocts, stage fright, wiv, B npocTopeuHH, «MaH/Ipaxk», 3HaKOMbI MOUTH BCeM, KTO BbICTyNaeT Ha myOnUKe: aktepaM, paOoTHHKaM paaHo mu TB, nonHTHYeCKHM jeaTenaM, oKYPHAIHCTaM, a Take cCTyfeHTaM, ocoGeHHO m10xo TOAFOTOBNEHHbIM. YmeperHoe BoNHeHMe Hepes NOABsICHHeM B WeHTpe BHAMaHHA aaxke none3Ho: MObHNU3yeTCA BHHMaHHe, O6octTpseTca peakuua, Ha TIMKe HaXO[ATCA YMCTBEHHbIC COCOOHOCTH. YN — oco6o croup Bua peyeBoli jeaTenbHOCTH, BKTOUAOIIHii = NMOHHMaHHe, OcMBIcCHeHHe HH O3By¥eHHe HHQopMauuH TO Ha OAHOM, TO Ha APyrOM A3bIKe, MPH KOTOPOM BOAHEHMe CHenyeT CBECTH 10 MHHHMyMa. I-hakrop: Kak cnpapnTeca” c BoneHHeEM 1. Xopowio nogrorosbTecb: H3y4HTe MaTepHasibl H OKYMeHTEI, siMTepatypy H HCTOWHHKH (raseTHbIe CTaTbH, HOKYMeHTEI HT...) 110 yeme Gecejibl, JIEKUMK, KOH@EpeHLAH. 2. Hactpoiitecb Ha OllyWeHHe «CHOpTHBHOH 30CTH»: «A Okay BaM, 4TO @ ClpaBsiocb». OrHecuTech K npescToalllemMy coOBITHIO, Kak COBETYIOT aMepukaHubl: “Treat it as a challenge, not a problem!" (Tlyctb 3To 6yseT 1A Bac CTHMYsIOM, a He Mpo6semoii!). 3. Hactpausaiitecp Ha ycnex, Ha TO, 4YTO BO3MO%KHBIE OFpexH, HENOBKOCTH He 3aCNOHAT OOulero MONOKMTeNbHOTO BrevaTIeCHHA: Bet OLIHOHTECA MOxKeT JOG0K. 174. He crowT mpHHuMaTb ycnoKanpaioulne mpenaparbi (B TOM uHCe NpOTHBOALIeprH4eckHe): OHH MOTYT 3ATOPMO3HTb Bally peak- LHI0, BLI3BaTb COHHBOCTE H Ge3spazH4He. 5. Hexoropbie Haulin KONNerH MbITaIOTCs CHerka «paccmabuTECa» ‘TPpayMUMOHHbIM MeTOROM (25 r KOHbAKA). Ho He 3noynoTpeOasiite akorosieM HH BO BpeMs paGOTbI, HH MOCNe, YTOOBI c yTpa ObITE Bcerga B opMe, Tem Gosiee ecu BEI B NOeIIKe. 6. Uro6br mpeofosers cocrosHve HanpwKEHHOrO OkHTaHHA, MOXKHO COslaTb cebe HCKyCCTBeHHBIH cTpecc: npobexaTBes (HaltpH- MEp, M10 NeCTHHHe), HAKOHEL, MOpyraTscd C KeM-HHOy/b H T.1. 7. He somnyitrecs, ecm Bo Bpemsa paboTsI BaM cyenanu 3ame4a- HE, HOUPABHIK WIM MpPOCTO-HaNPOCTO NpHAPAIKCh (CLIpaBEsUIHBO 93TO WAH HET — spyroe eno), He Tepsiirecb, coxpansiite cnokolieraue uw jepxure yjap (take the blows) © poctowucraom 4 cnoKoiicTavem, 4TOGbI AOCTOMHO 3aBeplNTs MepeRog. 3aTeM MOxKHO BBIICHHT OTHOWeHHA: HOO OKa3aTb CcBOIO MpaRoTy, sn6o H3BHHHTECA HW OOBACHHTS NpHYHHY OLWHOKM WH HesOpa3ymeHHa. B KOHUE KOHUOB, BbI Clean BCe OT Bac 3aBHCAIee, HO JOKM croficTReHHo OWGaTECA; H He CTONT jpamMaTu3upoBaTb HeAONCTHI, Tem Gomee ecnw HHUMACHT McyepnaH. 3HayeHne 9pysHuHH B Ipouecce YI XotTs# nepesonunky 3avacTylO MpHXOZUTCA creuMaNH3MpoBaTECa B KaKOM-TO O{HOM HallpaBleHHi (HafpHMep, KOHTpakTHOe npaBo WIH pbIHOK LeHHBIX OyMar), interpreter BbICOKOTO KMacca JOsDKeH MMETb conngHeIi Garax 3Hannit 06 ucTopuH, KyHType HM penurnn cTpaHbl W3yYaeMoro A3bIKa H, pa3yMeeTCs, CBOei POAHHEI, O TEKYLIMX MOAMTHYECKHX H SKOHOMHYeCKHX coOBITHAX B Mupe. OH Homken 6btTh MHPopMHpoBaH 06 OCHOBaX MakPOIKOHOMHKH, OaHKOBCKO-pHHAaHCOROrO Jena, fOpuicnpyeHUHH, MeAMUMHEI H T.2. — HEMHOZO 060 6CEM U BCE 0 HEMHOZOM. Tlepesoa4unk npocto o693aH, Kak OOpas0BaHHblii H KYIBTYpHbIit YenopeK, 31laTe rpeyeckyio mudosormo, prMcKyio HcTopio, TBOpyectBo KpynHeiiumx mucatencii, Budnno, acopr3mer 1 KppulaTble § C/IOBa, M3PCYEHHA H3BECTHBIX MONMTHYECKHX TrOcyHapcTBeEHHbIX eaTereii — ciOBOM, TO, 4TO HanGosee YacTO UMTHpyeTCaA WIM Ha YTO JeMaOTCA awuOsUU (HEMpAMbIe CCbIIKH, 18HaMCKH) B BbICTYIVICHHAX HM YTO MODKeT MOCTABHTb B TYNHK, ECM HE 3itaelib, 4TO HMeeTCa B BHAy!. Tlpekpactoe sneyarsenne cosyaeTcs, KOra BbI ECTECTBEHHO H Jerko uMTHpyeTe TOYHbIii sKBUBaNeHT cbpa3bi «Boiica qanaiiuen, Mapbt mpuHocamux» (Beware of Greeks bearing gifts), BepHo nepesnoaute The world is out of joint («Bek pacuatasca...») HH pale horse — «koub One QHbIi» (43 KaTb. Ppex Nel «%KeHHH KOMMaHMH, AaroT MHOrO CBezeHHH, KoTOpbie Kpalive NpHrogaTcs mp nepepoge. Ocsous M mepepapne Bce 3TO, BEI GyyeTe 4yBCTBOBaTb ce6a yeepenno u cnoxoiino. 23Ecsiv Bam BCe 2Ke HE YNalOCh H30@KaTb HeMpHATHO! CuTyalHMH, MOXKHO f1peVIOKHTh cHemyomme sapuanimo: nosedenua nepeeoduuKa: a) MCMONb3ys KTOUEBbIC CIOBA, CbIMMPOBM3MpOBaTb H CKa3aTb 4TO-HHOyAb, He MpoTHBOpeyaulee CHTYaUHH HW MOAXosAWEe AIA so6oro cny4as, HMes B BHAY AOMOAHHTS MepeBoy NO xowy AeA; 6) H3BHHHBLIHCb, NONPOCHTb NOBTOPHTb, COCHaBLIMCh Ha ULyM WAM HHbIe OTBeKaIOUIHe OOEKTHBHEIe (pakTOpbI — 3TO HasbiBaeTCA oGocnosannvitt nepecnpoc; B) ClemaTb BHI, YTO HMYerO He ciyuMocs, H NposoMKaTE padory, HIK...; r) coOparTb BELWYKH 1 THXO yJaHTECA (LyTKAa)... Bapuanmei nosedenut omnpagumena ungbopmayuu: a) NOHAB, 4TO MepeBon «OyKcyeT», KaK HM B 4YeM He GBIBAIO NOBTOPHT NpepbIAyuyO HHopMauHio, 1O6aBHB HoByt0, 4TO AaeT: BO3MOXKHOCTE MepeBOAYHKy «T, mpuE—+R = 20-30% } T)KH3HH BO3MOOKHET cHTyalluy, Kora Bac MoMmpocaT nepezatb JMUIb CYTb BbICKASbIBAHHA WH BOObUIC AaayT cBobogy MancBpa («Tet yok cam ckakH, Kak Hafo!»), eCNH Ball KIHEHT MOAHOCTHIO AOBEPACT BallicMy 3HAHHIO A3bIKa, MCHXOJOPMM MapTHEPOB H 3HAHHIO TpaqHunii, OObraes M KYIbTYpbI CTpaHbl, Pe BbI HAXOMHTEC. 5, Hescnoe 8 opuruna.te, kak mpaBvi0, ocTaeTcH HeaCHLIM B nepepoge (7; = 72). Bpsa 1H nepesonuuky B npouecce YII crour 6patb Ha ceOA MHCCHIO pemakTopa WIH KOppeKTOpa, pasymeerca, ecnH He JONyujeHa sBHaa OroBOpKa HH OWHOKa. J[pyroe Aes0, TO MO%KHO KpaTkO OObSACHHTb TO, YTO MOXKET MOKa3aTbCA COGeceAHMKY HEACHBIM, HO AeiaTb 3TO Cileqyer TaKTHYHO, C OCTOPO%KHOCTBHO, YUHTbIBAad «parMaTHueckyio» CHTYaLHtO. Huorna nepesoauMslit CNeUMasIbHO JOMYCKaeT HETOUHOCTL HAH HEACHOCTE, UTOObI KAK GbI «MpOLylaTs» peakuMio MapTHepa WIM %e ¢ kakoii-To HOH TembIO. B TakHXx cny4aax Bp AM CrouT 6paTs Ha ce6a pick BHOCHTE SCHOCTE HM, Kak ropopaT aHranuane, dor the i's and cross the t's («cTaBHTb BC TOUKH Hay i>). Jlanee. Ecnn Mbiciab BaM COBCEM HENOHATHA HIM BbI HE BIOsIHe Bageete Temoli, ckaKeM, Helipoxupyprun HH oddulopHoro 3aKOHOMaTeAbCTBAa, HO BMOsIHE BilaeeTe TepMuHaMH MH yMeeTe nlonoGpatb CHHOHMMbI, TO CJIcAyeT MepeBOAKTS MpakTH4ecKH 6ykBasbHO, Kak Obi COBO 3a CNOBOM, OCOOO HE BAABaACh B CMBICI. Cneunasnvctei ckopee BCero NoiiMyT 3HaKOMBIe HM TEepMHHBI HW 6yayT 6aaropapHet BaM 3a MOMOLIb B MOHHM@HHH CMBICIIOBbIX casei H MO/IbHOCTH. 6. Tlepenog wegerest TOAbKO B MepBOM AMIIe, TAK KaK, BO- NepBbIx, KOCBeHHaA peu yrwxkenser Hu ymunset YIT, a B AHTJINHCKOM A3bIKE BOSHHKacT MpobsICMa COraCOBaHHA BPCMCH; BO- 28BTOPEIX, MO-PYCCKH HEBEOKIMBO TOBOPHTb O MPHCyTCTBYIOLIeM B TPeTbeM JIMIIC, HM HaKONCH, ITO BbIFNALHT HeMpoeccnonanbHo. Kpome Toro, 8 rpeTbeM JMU NPHHATO NepeBOAHT AMLIB ZONpoc BOCHHOILIENHOLO (UIHOHa) — BO BCAKOM cnyuae, Tak yUHIM B MIIIHMS ta 3ansTHAX MO BOeHHOMY NepeBory. 7. OOpature oco6boe BHHMaHHe Ha MOMaJIbHOCTR RutcKathiBaHHs (Te, Ha OMHOWeHUE e20 K peanenocmu). CoBsrTHe, 0 KOLOpOM HeT pedb: Gbuio OHO, WIM GyseT, HAM TONBKO BO3MO%KHO (oGs3aTeNbHO, 2KeaTEAbHO). STO KpaiiHe BaxKHO: BEAb CeUHAIbHyIO JleKCHKY CAYIWATENM 4aCTO 3HArOT Iyutue, 4eM BEI (ca. 11. 5), Ha HB cytH npo6semel pas6uparorca rnyOoxe. MopansHoctTs npeactaBsaer Hemamyio npoOsemy npH ycTHOM mepeBoge, KaNpHMep, nepezaya OTTeHKa 3Hay¥eHHa: may — might; can — could; should, ought to, to be to, must. 8. DKenarenbHo ocTaBnaTh B Mepesoxe WHTEpHalMOHaNbHEIe C10Ba, CCIM, KOHEYHO, 3TO He «1O*KHbIe ApPy3bA NepeBos4uHKa». Jeno B TOM, 470 JOQH, KOTOPbIM NepeBosaT, NOYTH BCerya CHyLa‘OT OPHrHHad, CTPeMACh YAOBHTb CMBICIT Ha OCHOBE 3HAKOMBIX HIM C/IOB, TepMHHoB, HMen coGcTBeNNLIX H T.., M@Ke ecnH He 3HaIOT KHOCTpaHHoro =w3bIKa. Tlostomy pall nepepoy mpor3BeyzeT 6naronpHaTHoe BreyaTnenHe Ha NonyyaTena HHcbopMauHH, ECAH OH YCUbIKT: structure, sector, tunnel W 7.2. Ito npugact Gonbury1o HOCTOREpHOCTS NepeBony, YKPenMT NOBepHe K BaM, TeM Gonee, ecm NepeBoAMMbiii BNafeeT HHOCTPaHHbIM A3bIKOM. Oco6as cratba — s02cHbIe Opy3bA nepesoduuKa, T.e. CiOBa, CXOMHO 3BYYALIHE, HO HMEIOLIME pa3zHoe, YACTO NPOTHBOMONOXKHOE, 3HaYeHHe B PyCCKOM HM aHTIMiicKOM s#3bIKax (complexion — UBeT ainua, pathetic — xanknii, dramatic — pnesatistouni, meeting — BCTpeua H T.1.). 9. CoGstogenne Heitrpanurera (GecnpxctpacrHocTH) = B mpouecce YT1. Tepesoxunk yOnKeH sIMUIb YeETKO HM HO CyulecTBy Tepefasath HHCoOpMalHIo afpecaty, He BbIPakad CRON CHMNaTHH WNW aNTHNATHH, HH MHTOHANMOHHO, HU TeKcHueckH (T.e. REIGOpOM COOTBETCTBYIOWUMX COB), HE MOKA3bIBaA CBOETO OTHOLICHHA K TOM waiu HHO =mpobneme. Oguako mp nepesoge nyOnM4HEix BBICTYMVICHHHi =MO%KHO MO3BONHTh ceGe HECKOEKO OTOHTH OF HelitpatbHol MHTOHAHH MO Bo3pelicTBHeEM SMOLMOHaTbHOrO Hakana opatopa. 29B xome neperopopop 6onee mpHemjiemo coOxpaHsTb nobpoxenatembuyto GeccrpactHocTs, kak Obl crmaKUBaA MepenaEl SMOUHH y4acTHHKOB. 10. [parmaruyecknii acnexr — T.e. oueHKa H y4eT ayIMTOpHH HW cHTyayHH (aTMocdepb! oOOmjeHHa), moBeneHHA Nosyuareneti MHpopMaunH (cryMaTemei), Hx 3HaHHsA ABbIKAa, OOLerO o6pa30BaTeMbHOTO YpOBHA, BO3pacta, Mpodeccuu u T.2. Cneayer HMeTh B BHAY, 4TO MmpH pa6oTe ¢ mpodeccHoHaaMH MO%KHO ONepupoBaTb MIpHBIYHBIMK HM TepMHHaMH — OHH MoiiMyT C nostycnopa. Mnoe, ckaxkem, HenOsroTOBNeHHas ayAMTOpuA — 30eCb 2KEMaTEAbHO NMepeBOHTb 6osee AOXOANHBO, TpocTo, 4TO-TO OObACHATE No XOMy ema. Oco6o noctapaiirecb BbIACHHTb, 3HalOT JIK Bali KJIHCHTbIE HHOCTpaHHbIi #3bIK. byeTe akkypaTHbl, HHKOTa HE BbICKa3bIBaiiTe cBoe OTHOWEHHE K OOcyxKJaeMoii Teme. Bpi JIMUIb MepegaeTe 4Yy2KHE MBICJIH H Bale COOCTBEHHOe MHeHHe HUKOrO He HHTepecyer. IycTs 3TO Bac He OUeHE OropyaeT: TaKOBEI MpaBuna Mrpyl. U1. H, wakoxeu, last but not least (nocnemHee no nopayKy, HO He N10 BaKHOCTH): HHKOMla He MOKa3bIBaliTe CBOIO «KYXHIO», T.e. w36eraiire TakKHX BLIPWKEHH H COB, KaK KOTBIEKCA», «HE TIOHAI», «kak 9370, OH, 9 3a0bLIm, «faible He NOMHKO» H T.a. Hukoro He HHTepecyet, 4TO BAM y/la1OCb 3aNOMHHTb/3anHCaTh, a YTO HeT. Bawa 3anaya — jloBecTH HH(opMalHio AO ayipecata, BHeUIHe MAaKCHM@ILHO JIMCTaHUMpysCbh H OT Hee, H OT CamMoro Npowecca nepesoga. Bauid MyKH H COMHEHHA He JOsDKHbI GbITh 3aMe4eHb! ( TOKE HHKOLO HE BOJHY10T). Ecnu Bbl 4TO-TO yiycTHIH, TO He mpHBseKaiite K 3TOMy BHuMaHHa. Jlyuuie noroM, NpH yAOOHOM Cny4ae BOCTOAHUTb 3TO yuyuwenne. He gasaiire sumunero nosoya yYCOMHHIbCA B BalleM mpodeccnonanu3me. Kak ropopaT axriocakcel, put your best foot (forward (nokaxurte ToRap uLIOM). @pa3eos0rna B ycTHOM mepeBore. Tepesoy (ppaseon0rH3MoB (mocnoButL, MOroBopoK) npegcrapaser coboii ocobyto TpyqHocTs. Ksaindnunposannbii interpreter wMeer CBO «300TH 3ariac» SKBUBAICHTOB WIM aH@OTOB paNIM4HbIx dpaseomoruyeckHx BRIPAKEHHH Ha Pa3HBIX AAIKAX. 30Pa «(ppaxeonorv3MoB (KpbaTbIxX COB), MpHWeALUHX H3 rpeueckoii Minponorum, pumcKo# ucropnn, BuGnuu, 03 naTainn Hu rpedeckoro s3bIKa HW Op., HMelOT ycTO#UHBbIe COOTBeETCTBHA (Hepeno, tht) B PAVIH4HBIX s3bIKAX. Jlpyrite, aueTo aHraniickwe (WM pyCCKHe) MOCIOBHLbI MO%KHO lieperecTH NipHOsAW3HTeIBHO, MOMeHAB Obpa3HOCTh, HIN TONbKO oncarenbno; ec BbI He 3HaeTe aranor cpasconorHama, Ho xoTA Obt nonuMaeTe ero CMbICA — 6bIcTpo TlepeaTb ero 3HaYeHHE axKe C uotepel o6pazHocTH. Xy2ke, ecnH CMbICs HEACeH, HO TYT OsDKEH NlOMO4b KOHTEKCT HJIH MpOcTo florajKa. B smo6om cay4ae ouverte MOMOralOT 3pyHUHs, 3HAaHHA 13 oOuiacrH CTpaHoBeseHHs — KyJIbTypbl, HCTOPHH HW TpakHuni crpaH H3Y4aeMOPO ABbIKAa. OnvitHbte nepesossHKH rOBOpAT «MO CYTH ago MepeBoAHTE ie C #3biKa Ha A3bIK, a C OAHOH KyIBTYpbI Ha Apyryto». Iro over BepHO, ocobeHHO B cAyyae fMepeBoga HMOCIOBHU, MOroBopoK, KPbLIATHIX COB, B KOTOPbIX OTPakKAeTCA HCTOPHA, MC2KKYJIBTYPHBIe pa3ssH4Hna HW TpasHitHi. Kak jenatp 3anuce Gecepbi Tipasunexo odopmnennan YIIC nomMoxert caenaT, xopouly1o H nowHytO 3amucb Gecenbi Kak cpasy Mocne e¢ OKOHMaHHA, Tak H NODKE, CCH B ITOM OyeT HEOOXOANMOCTD. @opma 3anucu GecesbI cpo6oqHas, HO Mp 3TOM >2kKenaTeMbHO COGIODaTb HECKOABKO OCHOBHEIX MpaBH. 1. B 3anucu oTpaxaeTcA OCHOBHOe COepKaHHe MeperoBopos C COXpaHeHveM TIpelyH3HOHHOH = MHGpopMalHH «= (pakTbI, ~MMeHa, Hagpanua, WMdpbl, AAT!) BCKATOH, MAKOHMUHOM, MOrUUHO! H ACHOii «popme. 2. Cogep»xane u3naraeTca B KOCBeHHOH peun, Kak TIpaBHo, B HacTosulem BpeMeHH. (3anuch Gece BbICLIMX PyKOBOMHTENeM B MU Jle npunato ocbopmnate B npaMoii peun.) 3. MoxkHo coxpatit HanGoviee BaKHDIE WIM HHYepecHbie BHICKA3bIBaHHA B BHC LHTAT, OCPOPMJICHHBIX KABBIYKaMH, 4. Mamunnn yuacTHnkor BbIensoTCa NoAYepKHRaHHeM. 5. Hecyuecrsenniie fetanu, mnosToppt 4 H30bITO"HAd HHOpMals ONyckKaroTca. 316. Crapurca rpu: «J[na cnyxe6Horo nomB30BaHHA» WI «Kontbuenumaspno» (6 cayyae HeoGxoAMMOCTH). Hpumep. 3anucb Gecede: IIpedcedamenn npaeirenua Bauxa (X) H.flempoea c Thaeneu ynpaeasouyum xonyepua (Y) Kampun Cacum. 20 dexabpa 2006 e. Flocne o6mena npueemcmeuamu H.Tempos noduepxueaem eascnocm u — ceoespemennocme npuexda-K.Cmum daa nepezosopos 06 uneecmuposanuu... |... | B saeepwenue Geceder K.Caum coobtyaem, umo o6a3samensuo nepedacm noscenanua Banka pyxosodcmey ee Komnanuu. Ha 6ecede npucymemeosamu c poccuiickoii cmoponsi: 3am. Mpedcedamens npasienua Banka... ¢ 6pumanickoii cmoporss: npedcmasumene Komnanun 6 P®... 3anucan A. Yepxoe. (dama, nodnuce) Kocsennaa peub ocopmasetca B 3anHcu Gecenb crezyIOuHMH MarouaMu: CKa3aTb, MOAYEPKHYTb, OTMETHTD, BbIAETHTS, OOpaTHTb/ MpHBIe4b = BHHMAHHe, —3aaBHTb, — OTPHLIaTeNbHO/NONOKHTENBHO BOCTIPHHATb, OTBeTHTE NOAOKUTEbHO/OTPHLATENbHO, OMpOREprHyTb, MPHAHATh, MPHHSTR kK CREJIEHHIO, cornacuTEcs, OTpHUaTE H T.2. Kparkaa 3anucb Geceq ornmuaetca §=eule «= Gombe? WaKOHHYHOCTEIO H XapakTepH3yeTcA elle Gonee BbICOKOH CTeTIEHbIO o6o6uenns HHpopMauHn. Tpumep. B Gecede mexcdy ... Ge.2u oBcyocdene eonpocer paspabomxu TIO peKoncmpyxyuu omens. Jocmuenyma dozoeopexuocms vanpasums 6 PD zpynny aKcnepmos (bupmel daa npopaGomxu npoekma u obcredosanus 30aHuA, npednonoocumenbHO & KOHYe Mapma. Pacxods: go3emem na ce6a poccuiickaa cmopona. Cocmaeun A.Benoe, 20 @eepana 2007 2. 32Practice Makes Perfect II HJIH KaK 3€HHMAaTBCH CAMOCTOATEJIBHO Vernet nepesouunk, AODKeH BCe BpeMa NOLAepxKHBaTh ceOA B (PopMe, pacuHpaTe Kpyro30p, BNUTEIBAaTL HHPopMalHlo, MPH 9TOM tpenMpya Kak KpaTKOBpeMeHHy!0, Tak H DoNrocpouny1o mamste. B yeuosusax OOpyulMBatouieroca Ha BCeX Hac MOWHOrO MoToKa HupopMalHH BadkHeHWIHM MCTOUHHKOM ee ocTaeTca meyarHoe COBO, KHHTH, ra3eTbl, %ypHanbt wv T.o. Haw sex cran «poi 3PHTeIBHEIX OOpa30B», Kora TB caenano mianety “global village”, a HHTepHeT — coceAsMu 10 KHOepnpocTpaHcTBY, ONHako HH TB, HH KOMMTbIOTep He CMOFYT 20 KOHIla 3AMCHHTE TeKcT Ha 6ymare. Tia noazepxanua ayeKBaTHoro ypoBHa mpocbeccnonanu3ma OTHIOAb HE BPe/HO, BKJNOYHB MarHHTOOH, NOTpeHMpoBaTECA B Nepesosle ¢ ACTA H, Npociyulas CBOii TONOC, OTMETHTS HELONeTEI B bopme nopain 4 conepxkaHHH mepeBoa. BwxHo Taioke TpeHHpoBaTb H pa3BHBaTb HaBbIKH YIIC npu nomou1 TB 4 pagvonepemay c nocnemyiouleii caMonpogepkoii H KOHTPOseM MocpesCTBOM MarHHTodona. PerynapHoe npocnyiuMBanHe nporpamm BBC World Service (umm Voice of America), He TObKO HoBocTeii, HO H JeNOBbIX H JIMTepaTypHO-XyAO%KeCTBEHHBIX Mepefay, KOMMeHTapHeB Ha PasIH4HBie TEMBI, ABIIAETCA BECbMa CYUIECTBEHHBIM HanpaBnenHem HHPOpMauHOHHON H OGLUENHHBHCTHYeCKON NOAFOTOBKH, pasBHBaer He TO/bKO HaBbIKH ayAMpoBaHHa, HO HW pacuMpseT A yrstyOsAeT o6uryro apynnumo. Vrak, nocrapaiirech peerga 6pITh RB Kypce Beero! PA3EJI I KOMTMIOHEHTHI NOCJIEJOBATEIbHOTO TIEPEBOJIA —- TAMATb, CHHTE3 Ht AHAJIN3 A. Pont naman B nepeBogueckoii paGore Xopourat maMaTb BaKHa Ala BCeX, HO OHa COBEpLICHHO Heo6xoguma yerHomy Tlepesonuuky, B oco6eHHOCTH cneuManH3sHpylolwemyca Ha MmocnczoBaTcHbHOM mepeBogc. KorneyHo, 33TIPHMeHEHHE CKOPONHCH CHIBHO OOseruaeT Hallly %H3Hb, HO BCE %Ke OTMIMYHO pa3sBHTad MaMATb WIM MIpocTo yMeHMe yAepkKaTb Ha BpeMa B TONOBE TO, YTO HY>KHO B JaHHbIii MOMEHT, — OrpOMHOe TOZCHOpEe B pa6ote. Virak, mamMath wi mepesogueckaa 3anuch (YIIC) — MpoTHBonocTaBileHHe WIM CoueTaHHe? Tamate kak ognn 43 Komnonentos YIT HanGosburee pacnpocrpanenue ceiivac uMeeT OObACHHTeNbHat MOJ@lb MaMATH, T.c. MAaMSTb paccMaTpHBaeTcA Kak Mpoliecc npHobpeteHHa, KOTOpBI BKOYACT PA NOCHeAOBATENbHBIX 9TATIOB nepepaSorkn HHdopmaLAH. Tipexae scero, HHopmauHa BOCNpHHAMacTCA HaMH Hepes OHH (uM cpa3y HeCKOJIbKO) W3 NATH OpraHOB 4YBCTB H B TeYeHHe KOPOTKOTO BpeMeHH COXpaHseTcA B CeHCOpHOii pope. Stor nepserit 60K MaMsATH Tak H Ha3biBaloT — ceHcOpHbtii peructp. Takum o6pa30M, AIA Kak OO H3 OPraHOB YYBCTB HMeeTCA CBOM CeHCOpHbIt pernctp. OH cnyxHT ula KpaTKOBpemMeHHoro = yfep»kaHHa nudopmauim. Hanpumep, ecm Hauie yxo pocnpiimmaer MPOW3HECEHHOE KEM-TO C/IOBO, TO B CYXOBOM CeHCOpHOM periictpe (bukcupyrorca BCe HiOaHCbI YCNbILaHHOrO: MOcieAOBaTeEABHOCTB 3BYKOB, BbICOTa H TPOMKOCT ronoca, OcobeHHOCTH NpovsHOUeHHA, HHTOHALMH H TA. Tloka MHopMayya HaxOQMTCA B CeHCOPHOM perucTpe, NpOHCXOAHT pacno3sHaBaHe NOCTYMHBLIMX OOpa30B: HHtbopMallna, HaXOJIAUIAACA B CeHCOPHOM perHcTpe, MOET CBOGOMHO COOTHOCHTECH ¢ uHdopmauneii, HakOmieHHo B npouuiom. O6pas cunraetca Pacno3HaHHBIM, CJM yfaeTCA YyCTaHOBHTb cooTBeTcTBHe ero C€HCOPHEIX XapakTepHCTHK KakHM-s1H60 NoHATHAM. TakHM O6pa3oM, Dpoulecc pacno3HaBaHna 61430K K Ha3bIBaHHIO. OcHoBHble perHcTpbi NaMaTH Han6onpuree BHHMaHHe iccneyoBaTenH = yeAIOT ~=—s-ABYM. pervicTpam: 3PHTEJIBHOMY Hw CAYXOBOMY. ‘Yetavosneno, 4TO HH(OpMallHA XpaHHTCA 3/lech B TeYeHHe Aoseii cexyHAbI. Mocne store oHa owKHa 6bITh mpeobpasopana B HoByO dopmy (Hallie Bcero cnopecHyt0), B KOTOpOii GyeT repefaBateca Aanbule. B npoTHBHOM cmyyae cle MaMsATH ONeHb GbIcTpo yracaer. Kpome oro, 34Hibopmalns MOxkeT ObITh CTepTa H3 CeHCOPHOTO percTpa BHOBb N0- CryHalollHMH ~=CBeCHHAMH. B CE€HCOPHOM perHcTpe XpaHHTcA ropa3io Gombe HHopmalnH, 4eM O_UIO NPHHATO AyMaTb npexkze. Ilpocro ee cieabl cTHparoTca = BOCNpou3BeneHHeM = Apyroii HHiopMalHH; ecu Obl OHH COXpaHANHCh B Te4YeHHe ABYX-Tpex MHHYT, TO Mbl MOCTOAHHO BACH Ob1 HECKOMbKO Has1Ox%KCHHBIX Apyr ha Apyra w306pakennii, capitan 6bl OAHOBpeMcHHO HecKONbKO HPOH3HECEHHBIX CJIOB. Kakum xe o6pa30M #3 saBHHEI OOpyimHBatommeiica Ha Hac HH@opMalwH CeHCOpHEie pernerppi BBIEsAIOT HYKHOE, COCpeROTOUMBAIOTCA Ha HEM, OOECIe4HBat COXPaHHOCTh BaxKHOIi MHdopMauMu H OTOpaciBas BCE OCTabHOe? Jleno 8 Tom, 47o Hale BHUMaHHe H36upaTenbHo. [IpeqctassTe ce6e, "TO BEI Gecenyere c Apy3bAMH Ha Be"epHHKe, KpyroM MHOXKECTBO HapOyy, CJIbIMMATCH CMEX, BO3Oy2K JEHHbIE rouoca, 3BOH nocyab!. Bnpouem, cpeqn o6me ro yma HeTpyaHO COCcpeOTOYHTbCA Ha CNOBAX Ballero co6ecesHHKa. Bapyr Bb CIbUUHTe, Kak B cocejHeit rpynne rocteii_ kro-ToO NMpOw3HeC Balle UMMA (BbI H NOHATHA HE HMEJIH, O YEM OHH FOBOPHIH JO 9TOrO, mpocto He npucsywuMBanncn). Bauie BHHMaHHe MrHOBeHHO H HeMpOu3BOs1LHO NepekstouaeTca Ha 4y*kOli pasropop. TIpasya, B TO K€ CaMOE€ BPEMA BbI NepecTaeTe C/ICQMTb 3a CJIOBAMH Baluero coBecequuka, Togo6neie npuMepbl MrHoBeHHoro MepeKmoueHHa OTHHWOAB He SABSIAFOTCA TIpaBHJIOM: 4acTO Tpe6yetca npeaBapHTenbHas HacTpolika BHuMaHHA. HanpuMep, YesoBeK, NpH- TOTOBHBUIHCh NepeBecTH HHOCTpaHHoe cOOGUICHHE, He cMOxKeT @MCKBATHO BOCIIPHHATS CsIOBa POAHOH peu. A MoxeT cnyanTica wu HaoGopoT — xXopomo BilaneouHii HHOCTPaHHbIM s3bIKOM MOXKET He MOWAT Neppyto dpasy, eciH OKHMACT YCUbIATE POAHOH ABBIK. Tleppnunan namMatTe Cneayiouii nocne cercopuerx perictpos 610K nepepaSoTKn wHpopMalyHA — KpaTKOBpeMcHHad mamas! (ee TakwoKe Ha3biBaloT NepsayuHoii, HemocpeycrseHHoli, pa6oueli). 3yech wHdopmaluna XpaHHTCA B TeYeHHe HeOOMBUIMX OTPe3sKOB BpeMeHH (nopaKa ) Gro nim naMsrH OCcoGCHHO BaxKeH JIM ycTHOTO NepeRoxa. 35HECKOJIDKHX CeKYH/), HO yxKe He B CeHCOpHOii popme. B oranune or Tipeabiayuero 6n0Ka, 3anoMHHaeMbIit MaTepHan MOoKeT OCTaBATBCA B KpaTKOBpeMeHHOM = TaMaTH CKONb §=yronHo §=yonro = Gnaroapa noBropenmto (MHOrOKpaTHbI « BHI nucpMenuoro H IIIT. YerHoe _Bbicka3blBaHHe HaXOJHTCA B pa3BHTHH, ero NpogosKeHHe He BCerAa MOrKHO Mpey{Cka3zaTh, OHO BCe BpeMs «YCKON3aeT» OT NepeBOA4HKa; H€ HCUE3AET TOBKO TO, YTO yaeTCA yAepkaTb B MaMATH HH 3anHcaTb. YerHoe BbICKaSbIBAHHE TaOKE COCTOHT M3 COB, 2KECTOB H Bpyrux dopm HesepGanpHoro (HecnoBecHoro) MaTepHata, H neperonuuk mpucytcTryer, yuacTayeT W sRAseETCA CRU;eTENeEM «POKMCHHA BbICKa3bIBAHHA» (UT. 0 B.Xappucy). EB AMHH NpeTKHOBCHHA» NOceIOBAaATeNBHOrO NepeBowa Tlocnegosatenbubiii nepesoy (IIIT) Moker Opt mpenctannen Kak Mpouecc onpefeneHuA peNneRaHTHbIX KOHUENTOR (OMOPHBIX NYHKTOB) B TeKCTe Ha HCXOJHOM A3bIKe H HX HHTepnpeTalHH Ha A3bIKE TICPeBOAA B NIPCACAX OAHOTO BbICKASBIBAHHA. Ucxogs u3 Toro, uTo ana mpouecca [III xapakrepHer Te xe 3aKOHOMEpHOCTH, 4TO H ANA pevyeBoi MesTeMbHOCTH BOObUIe, 41OH ABIAETCA BHOM omocpesoBaHHoH [BYASBIMHOH KOMMYHHKaTHBHOH _leaTembHocTH. __ HenpaBwibHoe noOHHMaHHe BHYTPHTEKCTOBBIX cpszeii, o6ecneynBatoulnx Tlornyeckyto NOCHEROBATENBHOCTh H B3AHMOCBA3b OT/ICIbHBIX OTPC3KOB TCKCTA, a TakoKe HapyllleHHe TEKCTOBOH LeENOCTHOCTH NpHBOANT K HaKGoree Cepbe3HEIM OLIHOKaM B YCTHOM nepeBoye. Oco6eHHo yacTo TpyAHOCTH y NepeBossAulero BLISbIBAeT Mepenaua NPHYHHHO-CJIECTBEHHBIX: cBsa3eH, TIPHY¥eM = 3a4aCTyYK) MeHAIOTCA Me€CTaMH MIpH4HHa H CIICACTBHE, CABHralOTCA HI «CMa3bIBarOTCA» CMBICIOBBIC AKLCHTEI. Henoctarounoe Bayenve YyHHBepcanbHoli _nepenomyeckoit cxoponncsto (YTIC), 8 4acTHOCTH, HeyMeHHe 3a:pHKCHpoRaTb KozesurO (normyeckne cBa3H ~ cohesion) aBAaeTCA HCTOUHHKOM HCKaKeHHIi H HeTOUHOCTeM B rlepeBore. B cumy cna6prx ceMaHTHYeCKHX CBA3eH NpelH3HOHHBIX COB C KOMMYHHKaTHBHOH cuTyal Heli M€X@HH3M «BEPOATHOCTHOLO HpOrHosHpoBaHuA» He WaeT %eNaemMoro sippekta, ocobeHHO YacTO AOMyCKaroTcs OWHOKH B TIepeBole YHCIUTENbHbIX C HHOCTpaHHOoro ASLIKa 1a posuoi (anpHMep, nyTaI0T billion # million). Onna v3 o6nextTuBHErx mpo6mem TIT] — mexkyabtypHpie pasIH4HA, TpayiHulHH, oOpIuaH H MeHTaNHTeT cTpaHb! H3y4aemMoro A3bIKa. TlockompKy OHH MOryT TIpeACTaBaTh CEpbe3HylO Tlepeponyeckylo mnpoOnemy, 3HaHHA Ky/bTypomormueckoro H CTpaHOBeMYeCKOrO XapakTepa JODKHE! OBITh HEOTLEMJIEMO/i YaCTbIO Te3aypyca yCTHOrO NepenowuHKa. Uckaxenunie wnu cna6Ke npenctannenua o crumcrHueckHx ocobeHHocTax Toro HH HOO 2KaHpa MOTyT MopogHTE CTHIIHCTHYECKH HeayekpaTHblii TeKCT, YTO OCOOeHHO «perkeT cyX» TIpH nepesoze Ha posHoii 361K (HT. io M.JlanumHoii). Kuaccuukauua YI Tuner YII no npumenenuio — yueOubiii H peabHbtit PaanuuaioT gBa THMa ycrHOoTO mepepoma — yyebnellt u peanonotii. C peanbHbIM nepeBoyomM yualineca Mory CTONKHyTECA euje 20 Havana O6yueHnHa B By3e HTH CneuUIKONe, B TypHcTHYecKHX 42Nloe31KaXx, BO BpeMa NpeObiBanna 3a rpaHuieli, a BNOCMe_CTBHH — Ha pa6ote H B HHbIX BH1ax TpyAOBO! eATeNbHOCTH. YueGuprii nepesoy ncnom3yeTca C TEM, YTOOBI: a)yrnyOuTb 3HaHHA He TOBKO HHOCTpaHHOrO, HO H posHOrO s3bIKa; 6)cnoco6crBoBaTb OBsaTCHHIO H Pa3sBUTHIO HaBbIKOB Pa3sIH4HBIX pugon YII. OGsextusHo yueOubIii nepenox oTnM4aeTca OT peambHOrO nO MHOPHM acrektaM. Tak, CileAya H3BeECTHOMY TIPHCAOBbIO «TsKe10 B yuenbe...», TpeGopanHa K yueOHOMY MepeBogy, Kak MpaBHIO, cHemyeT HeOpekHai peub, 3/NIHMTHYeCKHe KOHCTpyKUHH, oOHHe TePMBHOB, HEAOMONIBKH H HaMeKH, paccuHTaHHble Ha ocobbIC 3HaHHsA cobeceQHHKa; > HeyMenne «roBopHth nom Hepenog», yUHTHIBaTD OCOGeHHOCTH M@XKbAZIKOBOTO H ME@KKYSIbTYPHOrO OOMIEHHA; > Henpucnocobnenas oOcTaHOBKa, OTB/IeKaIOUHe += MOMeHTBI, LYM, BKIOYCHHA MOCTOPOHHMX IMI H 7.11. Pakmopol, obsezrawumue 3ada4y: “ wenocpencTBeHHoOe yuacTHe nepeBoguHka B oGuleHHH, BO3MO%KHOCTR HasiaMTh XopowMi M4HBIii KOHTaKT WH AaKe YTOUHHTE H NepecnpocuTE; “ orpanwuentocT ayaMTopHn, HenpuHyxneHHaa oGcTanoBKa 4 OnaronpHaTHada aTMocdepa, 4TO B LleIOM He TpeOyeT HaBbIKOB ny6sM4Horo roBopeHHa; % BO3MO>KHOCTE 3apaee O3HAKOMHTECA C TEMaTHKOIi. NB! Pasrosopnas peun: csio8a Wilt CMBICA? IIpu nepeeode ecex eudo6 (API, liaison) u m.0. paszoeoproit peuu 6 yenosuax Heopmansnozo obmeHUA 6 nEpeyio OvEpedd caedyem o6payamb é6Humanue Ha nepedauy cmbicia, a He Ha mexanuyeckuil nepe6od omdenbHelx cnoe («myume moicib!»). Oyenume, umo umeHHo xouem cKa3ame MoM, KOZO BbI Nepesodume, ucxOOA U3 KOHMEKCMa, ONUpAACe Ha 30pasblit CMbICn, Oo2aOKy U, npexcoe 6ce2o, 3HaHUe NPeOMema. Imo Kacaemca ckopee nepesoda C pyccKO20 AZbIKA, 20€ BbI uyecmayeme ce6a yaepeno & nnane eocnpuamua (ananuza) mexema opueunaia, nocmynarowye2o Ha podKom A3bIKe. Huoeda mozicem npuzodumeca u mMemod «éeepoamuocmHozo npoznosuposanun», puspabomanublit u ycneuHo NPUMeHABULULICA npod. T.B.Yepnoseim (1927-2000). Baxcuo u mo, umobe1 He Oour0 npobnemet ayduposanua (nonumanwi) unbopmayuu. 46ABYCTOPOHHHL NEPEBOL (JIM) 6e3 sanucu A) Liaison (two way) interpreting (informal) — 970 nepesoa HeOpMasbHEIx pasroBopoB, Gece, HHTepBEIO, MpH KOTOpOM cuTyala no3ssomset oOxomnTacA 6e3 3anMcH = MK _OTpaHWYNBaTCA MMHHMasIbHbIMH TOMeTKaMH. B sro cuTyauMn nepeponaummii cam Brpape BbiOpaTe BHI AByctopoHHero_nepesona (JITI) B 3aBnucHMocTH oT TpeOoBaHHii o6cTaHoBKH H Mperkte BCero ANA ACCTHKeHHA MaKCHMalBHOl @]leKBATHOCTH MpH MaKCHMaJIbHOM SKOHOMUH BpeMeHH (cM. TakoKe: B. Komnccapos. Teopetuyeckue ocHosb mpenogasanua nepesoga. M., 1997). B onpenenennpix cnyuasx 9To Moxer 6piTs AMT] nnn YIT Ges 3anucn 1H60 ¢ NpHMeHCHHemM CKOponHcH, a HHOrga H KOMOHHAaUHH Toro W Apyroro AIH JOCTHMKeHHA HaHOonbUIero stpiekta (c yyeTOM (PYHKUMOHANIBHEIX NpeHMYLIeCTB KaxkJOrO H3 HHX). Hxorga 910 Moxer Obith «nosmyeHHxpor, Kora nepeBoysHK NMe€PeCBOAMT NOYTH OJHOBPECMECHHO C POBOPALUHM, YTO BOSMO2XKHO, CCIM TepeBosaulHii XOPOUIO 3HAKOM C TeMaTHKO#, HAXOAHTCA B OTNHYHOH mpodeccnoHanbHolt cpopMe H ecAH ero MpHMeHeHHe no3BonaeT cHTyallHa OOWweHHaA. b) Liaison (two way) interpreting (formal) - nepeson ouimanbHol nu nenoroii Gecenpt (uHTepRbIOo) ByX WAH HECKONIBKHX YENOBEK C OTHOCHTEJIBHO KPaTKHMH BbICKa3bIBaHHAMH. 3adaxa: oGocTpeHHoe = BHHMaHHe, TOUHOe — BOCTIpHATHE Pa3roBopHoii = pey; = 3alIHch «= MIPeELM3HOHHOM = MHcopMaluH, ceoGomHad, MpaBHibHad, YeTKad peyb Ha POAHOM A3bIKe, WAMOMATHYeCKH = ACHAA §=peub «Ha = AHTIMVICKOM = ABBIKEC MHHMMasIbHbIMH notepiMH IIH; nepeqaya pasniM4HbIxX OTTeHKOB peu, NpaBHbHaAd TpakTOBKa aO3HH, MOHHMAaHHe WMTAaT Cc ONOpO Ha 6a3HcHble 3HaHHs. BosmoxkHo npuMeHeHHe YIIC. @axkmopot, ycroscnaromue npouecc nepesoda: > Gonburoe KoMHYECTBO LUdp, TepMHHOB, HMcH CO6cTBEHHEIX, Haspannii u ap. TIM; 47> HeOpexHad peub, 2/IHNTHYeCKHe KOHCTpyKIIHH, HaMeKH, paccuvTaHHble Ha 3HaHHaA cobeceqHHKa, MHOrMa — KOCHOA3bI4HE; > HeyMeHHe «roBOpHTs Moy NepeBos», YYHTbIBATE OCOHeEHHOCTH MOXbAZBIKOBONO H MEXKKYJIbTYpHOrO OGUEHHA; > HenpvcnocobnexHaa O6cTaHoBka, TEXHOFeHHBIe MOMEXH H T.. @Maxkmopol, obnezuarouue 3a0a4y: “ HenocpencTBeHHoe yuacTHe mepepogauero B Gecere, BO3MOXKHOCTh HalaqvTb JIM4HbI = KOHTAKT, YTOYHHTb Nonpocut O6bACHHTE; ? orpaHHuenHocts ayqHTOpHH, HenpHHyKACHHaA OOCTAHOBKA Gece; % BO3MOXKHOCTh 3apaHee O3HAKOMHTBCA C OKYMeHTaltHeli, HcTOpHeii BoMpoca H T.A. JIBYCTOPOHHHH MEPEBOX (ITD non 3annce. Liaison interpreting (formal) — nepepog oduunanbHolt GecenBl, HHTepBEIO, BBICTYTMIEHHA Ha Mpecc-KOHepeHUMH MT... 10 MeaxyHaponHKOn (oSulenoAMTH4ECKON) TeMaTHKe C OTHOCHTEBHO JUIMTeJIbHEIMH BRICKa3bIBaHHAMH (3 - 5 MHH) Cc MpHMeHeHHeM ckOpomHcu. Sadaua: 3HaHve JaHHOH TeMbI, MpErxkze BCero Ha OCHOBE NpeABapHTeN_HOK MMHBOCTPaHOBeAYECKOH NOAOTOBKH, TyTeM w3y4eHHA H ycBoeHHa GasvcHolt nutbopmatinu; cRobosHaa OpHeHTalnA B o6menonuTHYeckHx BONpocaX, 3HAHMe HMeH (qOspKHOCTEeH) TONMTHMECKHX THJepoB, MHBIX NepconasHit; Biazenue TepMuHaMH, cpobosHoe BocnpustHe Gersoli peun (BT. 4. KOHTaMMHHpOBaHHOH, C CHJIBHBIM aKUCHTOM); MpaBHIIbHaa TpakTOBKa CCbUNIOK; 3HAKOMCTBO C AMTUIOMaTHYeCKHMH OGOpOTaMH, NPHMeHAeMBIMH B TIpakTHKe MexyHapoqHoro ObuleHna (Ha panuy3CckoM, aTeIHH, OTYACTH TPeveckOM s3bIKaX); OOUAA KYJIbTYpa H SPY/HPOBAHHOCTE, 3HAHHe OCHOB MexK/LyHapoHONO Npaba, JMMIOMATHYECKOrO MpOTOKOsIA H ITHKETA. 48Paxkmopot, ycroucnaromue 3a0a4y: 1. Gonsmoii o6bem HHcopmMaLMu, MocTynatouleli c oGenx cropol oOuunanbHad creynuka MHTepBEIO, GeceybI, BbICTYILICHHA; MHAMBHAyaNbHbIe OcOG¢HHOCTH roBopaulero; 2. WBIHUIHAA O(pMItHaTbHOcTh O6cTaHOBKH, Hamps)KeHHOCTh H HenpelcKa3yeMOcTe CHTYaLMH, OCOGeHHOCTH OTHOWIEHH Mexa—y CTOPOHaMH (HENpHsA3Hb, BparxK1eOHOCTb, KOHGJINKT H TIp.); 3. oTpiekatoulHe MoMeHTI (HHOrMa HenoAXogauad OOcTaHOBKa, K TIpHMepy, B 30H KaTacTpodel HM GoeBeIX elicTBHii, upe3BbI- 4aiiHoro NomoxKeHHA, ONepal{uii MHPOTBOPYECKHX CHI). ®akmopot, obnezuaroumue 3adaxy: BO3MO2KHOCTb Noub30BatEca YIIC; BO3MOKKHOCTh 3apaHee O3HAKOMHTECA C JOKYMeHTaMH 110 NO3HUKAM CTOPOH, MPOKOHCYNBTHpOBaTBCA C YYaCTHHKaMH, H3Y4HTb MaTepHaibl 110 Tee; Y RoamoxHoctk cnocobcrrorarh coaanuio GraronpusTHol aTmocdepsi oOmeHHs (Mo Mepe CHK cpeycTB); Y xopouive emOBbIe KOHTAKTbI, 3HAHHE MECTHBIX TpayHUHii 4 oOpiuaes HasLierKallas TICHXONOrHYeCKaA NOAPOTOBKA. AN TIEPEBO, MOHOJIOPHYECKOH PEGH non 3annce Discourse interpreting — nepeson orpe3KoB mintenbHoctHIO 5-10 MHH H Gonee. 3adaua: ayekpaTHaa nepeya4a MOHONOTHYeCKOH = ped (BbICTyTUIeHHe, 3amBIeHHe Ja MeyaTH, cnHY, JeKiUHA, OOpatieHKe, mpece Kondepermna, SpHunr, KouUept, TOCT H T.A.) Ha my6mHKe DB 3akpbITOM NOMeLeHHH, 3ane, TB cryfHH, Ha CTaMoHe HT... (HHOra B HenpvicnocoOseHHbIX yCnOBHAX 6e3 3ByKOBOrO yCHeHHA HB CHTYaL{MH MOBBILUICHHOFO YpOBHA LiyMa (LIYMOBBIX 3arpsa3HeHHii). Hezamuenvie hakmopoi: > cpaBHHTeNbHO NWTeENBHBIe 110 BpeMeHH OTpe3KH ped BbICTYNAaFOLUero; } HeMOCTATONHOE BACHE CKOPOMHChIO; 49vvVvVv WwW Vv > Heyfo6cTBo 3anHcH CTOA pAyOM c roBopsmIHM (y TpHOyH, nlonuyMa crosta); HaxoOoKeHHe B ueHTpe BHHMaHHa ayQHTOpHH (AOnOuHUTENBHEIN CTpecc); BO3MOKHOe BpaxKNe6HOe OTHOLIEHHE ayHTOPHH = K BBICTYNAalOllleMy, HEraTHBHaA PeaKUHA Ha 3aABJICHHA, TEXHHYECKHe TpyAHoOcTH (3Byk, cpeT, yeTapepuiec o6opyfoBanHe, COOH TeXHHKH); HeoOxOAHMOCTb COXPaHHTb BbIPasHTeAbHOCTb H SKCMPeCcHtoO (if any) opatopa; palit HexKeNaTEbHOCTS Hepecnpocos H yTOUHeHHii. Tlonoscumeaonote paxmopti: BO3MOXAHOCTS Hcnomb30BaTb YIIC; BO3MOXKHOCTR 3a4paHee O3HAKOMHTLCA C TeKCTOM H jake nepesecr ero (xoT# Obi yCTHO, He3aONTO JO BbICTYyTUICHHA); 3HaHHe TeMbl HW JIMYHOCTH BBICTYNarOLero, OcobeHHOCTeli MeHta/lHTeTa, MaHepBI pew; euaqeHe OCHOBHBIMH NpaBHiamH NYOAMYHLIX BEICTYTLIEHH; NpaBHWibHas MOCcTaHOBKa roul0ca, TeMOpa, AbIXaHHA; yMeHHe pacciiaOuTbCa, ClIpaBHTbcA C peanbHO OGOOCHOBAaHHbIM BOJIHCHHEM H COCPCOTOUMTECA HCKIIONHTEJIBHO Ha NepeBoue; XJIAQHOKPOBHE, KOHLICHTPallHA Ha NOMOKHTEMbHbIX CTOPOHAaX CBOETO HEpeBoLa; yMeloe MpHMeHeEHHeE mpodeccnonatbHbIx MpHemos, GpictTpax KOppekTHporka ROAMOKHHIX O1HGOK Heoéxodumste naesiku u ymenua: pnazenne YIIC B mro6eix cHryaunax, Kak CbopMasbHBIxX, TaK H HEOHUMAIbHbIX; yMeHHe BbICTyNaTb Ha nyOnHKe (nepea mHO60i ayauTOpHeii HB suO6pIxX cHTyalHax); HaBbIK BIAYEHHA TOJIOCOM (XOpOlad AHKUKA, paBHibHax HHTOHALIMA); orcyTcTave cTpaxa nepea MukpodoHom; ysepeHHocth B cebe 4 crloKoiicrBHe; 50Y Gbictpas, aeKkBaTHad peakI[HA Ha HeEOKHaHHbIe H3MeHEHHA, pa3suIHHbIe NOMeXH, LYMbI H T.2. 2. KOMBHHMPOBAHHBIE BH Jb! VII Hepesoo c aucma (ITC) — sux nepesoga, coveratounii yeprbi Kak NHCbMeHHOrO, Tak H YCTHOFO MepeBora. Cnenuouka neperoga c ancra Nepesonsmuii = monyyaeT He3HaKoMbIii TeKCT, WHOra eMy MpeqocTaBiseTCA HECKOMbKO MHHYT Ha O3HAKOMJIeHHe C HAM. 3aTem OH NepeBOAHT BCIYX. @akmopot, ycaosxcnAuue sada4y: }% HeoOxXONMMOCTs COXpaHsATb PHTM H paBHOMepHbIii TeMII TPOBOpeHHA, w36eraa SHUIHHX may3, NMOBTOPOB H uenpasnennit, a TaKKe «MbINaHHA»; > Heo6xoqHMocTh OGecnexHTE TOBBIeHHYyIO CKOpOCTR ‘ITeHHs (okono 200 cnoB B MMHyTy NMpH cpeqHeii ckopocTH ropoperus — 100 cnos B MHHyTY); > Heo6xomHMOcTS ‘WIeHHTb TeKCT HI oObeqHHHTE bpasbi/npeqnoxKeHHA MpH YTeHHH Ha TakHe OTPe3KH, KOTOpbIe MoryT 6bITB ycnelHo nepeseseHbI. Daxmopot, o6nezuaioumue sadauy: BO3MOX%KHOCTb MOJYYHTh HeECKOJbKO MMHOBEHHH =a NogroTOBKH; e Hannune 3puHTenbHOH —_onopbt, nossonsiowel BOCTIPHHHMAaTb CiIeAyIOUWHi OTPeIOK OPHTHHalla, CAMOCTOATEBHO omlpeyesaa ero BeENBYMHY; o 3pHTeIbHOe = BOCNIpHATHe = IpeltH3HOHHOH = MHcpopMayMH, 3HadHTeNbHO Obseruaroulee TepeBon; ° BO3MO?KHOCTb CAMOCTOATEJIBHO ONPeMEAATE TEMN NepeBosa; * OTCYTCTBHE Harpy3kH Ha NaMsTb. 51Heobxodumpie nasetku u ymenua: Y Obictpoe nepekmoyenne Ha A3bIK NepeBofa MPH UIMpOKOM HCTIONb3OBaHHH NOsTYaBTOMATHYECKOH MOACTAHOBKH TOTOBbIX COOTBeTCTBHH (HH 2Ke, LUTAMTIBI); Y yMeHHe COBMEeLaTb MporoBapHBaHHe MepeBofa c¢ YTeHHeM cmenytouero orpe3ka opHrHnana; v¥ yMeHHe 6bIcTpo 4HTaTL Mpo ce6a U BHeTh GOKOBBIM 3peHHem HECKOMBKO CHeYIOULHX (pas. Tlo cyrw TICJI wa pyccknii spnaetca mpopepKoi sianeHna POJHEIM #3bIKOM, YMCHHA MpaBHIbHO, YeTKO H GOBICTpO BbIpaxkaTb CBOH MBICIIH. Tloapug nepesosa c aucra (paGota c 7HKTOdoHOM) 7laHHaa pa3HoBHaHOocts TICJ] B OCHOBHOM UCMONb3yeTcA B M@XKTyHApOAHBIX OpranH3auHAax (OOH, KOHECKO, MOT u mp.), a tatoxe B MHJ] Poccun. Tnapnas oco6enHocTh 3aKouaeTcs BR TOM, 4TO MepeROuHK B OTBEMeHHOe Jia 3TOTO BpeMa# HaroBapuBaeT cBoH NMepeBogq Ha AuKTOOH, @ 3ATEM MaUIMHHCTKa MeYaTaeT 9TOT TeKCT, KOTOpbItt nocrynaet kK pefaxTopy. 3ayactylo 3TH OOs3aHHOCTH BRINOMHSIOT 6onee ombirHbie Komneru. Tocne sBHecenusa COOTBETCTBYIOINeH Npawkh H OOcy*KICHHA, CCIM MOSBOMACT BpeMA, C NepeBOAYHKOM, paGota cunTaeTCA 3aBepueHHOI. B cea3H c BHepeHHeM KOMMBbIOTEpHO TexHHKH celiac TIPHMCHACTCA 3HAYHTEBHO POrke. TIpeumymectsa: “ OTHOCHTENbHO BbICOKAA CKOPOCTh MepeBoza HM o:opmieHHa AOKYMeHTA B OKOHYATENbHOM BYE; “Meee yTomHTenbHEIi xapaxTep mpouecca YI, a Taioxe Gomee PaUMOHaIbHOe HCNOMB3OBaHHe BPeMeHHM NMepcoHama c¢ y4eTOM kBaHHKallnH; HIMPOKHE BO3MOXKHOCTH BHECeHHA HicnpaBseHHii H OMOMHeHHi B YCNOBMAX BpeMeHHOFO Mpeccnura, 52