WRE-412 Design of Hydraulic Structure Lecture: 5 Md. Raiful Islam Lecturer, DWRE, BUET \ Contact: Room 730, 6" Floor, Civil Engg. | Email: raiful.wre.buet@gmail.com \ Cell: +8801520103477Design of Protection Works. Protection works are required on the upstream as well ‘as on the downstream in order to obviate the possibility of scour hole travelling close to the pucca floor of the weir and to relieve any residual uplift pressure through the _filter. The arrangement consists, of () Inverted. Lii) Launching apron, as explained below. EEE - (A) Downstream Loose Protections (@ Inverted filter. Just after the end of the concrete floor, an ‘Inverted filter’, 1.5 te 2 D long is generally provided, where D is the depth of scour below the original river bed. The total scour below HFL is taken as xR, where R is Lacey’s normal scour 2cpch and values of x for different classes of scour are tabulated below in Table 11.8. Value of x is generally taken as 1.5 for design of d/s protection works and 1.25 for design of w/s protection works.‘THEORIES OF SEEPAGE AND DESIGN OF WEIRS AND BARRAGES 583 Table 11.8 Class of scour Reach | Mean value of x D ery wh ari A Straight 125 125 R=y B Moderate Bend 1.50 150R-y c Severe Bend 17s LIsR~y D Rightangled Bend 2.00 2R-y ‘The depth of inverted filter is kept equal to the depth of d/s launching apron. It generally consists of 1.0 to 1.2 m deep concrete blocks with open joints laid over 0.6 m thick graded filter material. The openings between the blocks are filled with clean bajri.+. ald Water depth Inverted filter in layers, Masonry , toe walAn ‘inverted filter’ invariably reduces the possibility of piping, as it allows free flow of seepage water through itself without allowing the foundation soils to be lifted upward. The filter, therefore, consists of layers of materials of increasing permeability from bottom to top. The gradation should be such that while it allows free flow of seepage water, the foundation material does not penetrate to clog the filter. The design criteria to satisfy these conditions are discussed in chapter 20 on “Earth Dams”. To Prevent filter from dislocation under surface flow, concrete or masonry blocks are laid over the filter material.Design of a Regulator: Hydraulic Desig} (ii) Launching apron. After the inverted filter, the loose apron called ‘launching apron’ is provided for a length, generally equal to 1.5 D, where D has the same meaning as given above_in-inverted filter calculations... -- —---..-—- = = The apron generally launches to a slope of 2 : 1, and if r is the thickness of the apron in the launched position, length being V5 D ; the volume of stone per metre width will then be =V5- D-1=2.24 Dt; or say 2.25 Dt. Hence, Volume of stone per metre is given by 2.25 D.t.cu.m/metre. Since the volume of stone should be the same in launched and unlaunched apron, and if the unlaunched apron is. laid in a length equal to 1.5 D, the thickness of the unlaunched apron is given as :2.25 Ds 15D If tis taken as 1m: then an aprom of 1.5 m thickness and 1.5 D metres long has to be laid as /s launching apron. Different values of have been recommended by different investigators. Blench has recommended r equal to 1.5 to 2 times the size of the stone (d,) required by equation (11.15) as : Ver 4.915 47 wo LL15) where Vo, average velocity of flow in mlsec, d,= mean diameter of stone in metres. Spring has recommended t as about 0.9 m. Gales recommended r varying from 1,35 (01.9 m, for discharge varying from 7,000 to 70,000 cumees. Blench’s recommendations are quite adoptive. (B) Upstream Loose Protections Just upstream of the concrete floor of the weir, block protection is provided. I generally consists of concrete blocks laid over packed stone, for a length equal to D.(D=xR—y, wherex= 1.0to 1.5, generally taken as 1.25), Upstream of the blocks, a launching apron is provided in the same way as described for the downstream portion, except that the proper value of x should be chosen. ‘Toe walls are slways generally constructed in between the ‘filter’ and the ‘apron’ as shown in Fig. 11.17. StHydraulic Design Complete